Pub Date : 2001-03-10DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2001.931527
D. Leisawitz, W. Danchi, M. DiPirro, L. Feinberg, D. Gezari, M. Hagopian, J. Mather, S. Moseley, R. Silverberg, W. Langer, M. Shao, M. Swain, H. Yorke, J. Staguhn, Xiaolei Zhang
Far infrared interferometers in space would enable extraordinary measurements of the early universe, the formation of galaxies, stars, and planets, and would have great discovery potential. Half the luminosity of the universe and 98% of the photons released since the Big Bang appear at far-IR and submillimeter wavelengths (40 to 500 /spl mu/m). Because the Earth's atmosphere prevents sensitive observations from the ground at wavelengths shorter than about 300 /spl mu/m, and large effective apertures are required to achieve sub-arcsecond angular resolution, this is one of the last unexplored frontiers of observational astronomy. We present the engineering and technology requirements that stem from a set of compelling scientific goals and discuss possible configurations for two proposed NASA missions, the Space Infrared Interferometric Telescope (SPIRIT) and the Submillimeter Probe of the Evolution of Cosmic Structure (SPECS).
太空中的远红外干涉仪将能够对早期宇宙、星系、恒星和行星的形成进行非凡的测量，并将具有巨大的发现潜力。宇宙的一半亮度和大爆炸以来释放的98%的光子出现在远红外和亚毫米波长(40到500 /spl μ m /m)。由于地球的大气层阻止了地面上波长小于300 /spl mu/m的敏感观测，并且需要大的有效孔径才能达到亚弧秒角分辨率，这是观测天文学最后未开发的前沿之一。我们提出了来自一系列引人注目的科学目标的工程和技术要求，并讨论了两个拟议的NASA任务的可能配置，即空间红外干涉望远镜(SPIRIT)和亚毫米宇宙结构演化探测器(SPECS)。
{"title":"Far-IR/submillimeter space interferometry: scientific motivation and technology requirements","authors":"D. Leisawitz, W. Danchi, M. DiPirro, L. Feinberg, D. Gezari, M. Hagopian, J. Mather, S. Moseley, R. Silverberg, W. Langer, M. Shao, M. Swain, H. Yorke, J. Staguhn, Xiaolei Zhang","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2001.931527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2001.931527","url":null,"abstract":"Far infrared interferometers in space would enable extraordinary measurements of the early universe, the formation of galaxies, stars, and planets, and would have great discovery potential. Half the luminosity of the universe and 98% of the photons released since the Big Bang appear at far-IR and submillimeter wavelengths (40 to 500 /spl mu/m). Because the Earth's atmosphere prevents sensitive observations from the ground at wavelengths shorter than about 300 /spl mu/m, and large effective apertures are required to achieve sub-arcsecond angular resolution, this is one of the last unexplored frontiers of observational astronomy. We present the engineering and technology requirements that stem from a set of compelling scientific goals and discuss possible configurations for two proposed NASA missions, the Space Infrared Interferometric Telescope (SPIRIT) and the Submillimeter Probe of the Evolution of Cosmic Structure (SPECS).","PeriodicalId":329225,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8542)","volume":"4 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131083882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-10DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2001.931250
B. Jackson, J. Norgard
The purpose of this research was to develop a software tool for generating optimal target servicing strategies for imaging fixed ground targets with a spaceborne SAR. Given a list of targets and their corresponding geographic locations and relative priorities, this tool generates a target servicing strategy that maximizes the overall collection utility based on the number of targets successfully imaged weighted by their relative priorities. This tool is specifically designed to maximize sensor utility in the case of a target-rich environment. For small numbers of targets, a target servicing strategy is unnecessary, and the targets may be imaged in any order without paying any particular attention to geographic proximity or target priority. However, for large, geographically diverse target decks, the order in which targets are serviced is of great importance. The target servicing problem is shown to be of the class NP-hard, and thus cannot be solved to optimality in polynomial time. Therefore, global search techniques such as genetic algorithms are called for. A unique hybrid algorithm that combines genetic algorithms with simulated annealing has been developed to generate optimized target servicing strategies. The performance of this hybrid algorithm was compared against that of three different greedy algorithms in a series of 20 test cases. Preliminary results indicate consistent performance improvements over greedy algorithms for target-rich environments. Over the course of 20 trials, the hybrid optimizing algorithm produced weighted collection scores that were on average 10% higher than the best greedy algorithm.
{"title":"A hybrid genetic algorithm for generating optimal synthetic aperture radar target servicing strategies","authors":"B. Jackson, J. Norgard","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2001.931250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2001.931250","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to develop a software tool for generating optimal target servicing strategies for imaging fixed ground targets with a spaceborne SAR. Given a list of targets and their corresponding geographic locations and relative priorities, this tool generates a target servicing strategy that maximizes the overall collection utility based on the number of targets successfully imaged weighted by their relative priorities. This tool is specifically designed to maximize sensor utility in the case of a target-rich environment. For small numbers of targets, a target servicing strategy is unnecessary, and the targets may be imaged in any order without paying any particular attention to geographic proximity or target priority. However, for large, geographically diverse target decks, the order in which targets are serviced is of great importance. The target servicing problem is shown to be of the class NP-hard, and thus cannot be solved to optimality in polynomial time. Therefore, global search techniques such as genetic algorithms are called for. A unique hybrid algorithm that combines genetic algorithms with simulated annealing has been developed to generate optimized target servicing strategies. The performance of this hybrid algorithm was compared against that of three different greedy algorithms in a series of 20 test cases. Preliminary results indicate consistent performance improvements over greedy algorithms for target-rich environments. Over the course of 20 trials, the hybrid optimizing algorithm produced weighted collection scores that were on average 10% higher than the best greedy algorithm.","PeriodicalId":329225,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8542)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130514574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-10DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2001.931738
R. Basilio, K. Plourde, T. Lam
The CloudSat Project has developed a simplified approach for fault tree analysis and probabilistic risk assessment. A system-level fault tree has been constructed to identify credible fault scenarios and failure modes leading up to a potential failure to meet the nominal mission success criteria. Risk ratings and fault categories have been defined for each low-level event (failure mode) and a streamlined probabilistic risk assessment has been completed. Although this technique or process will mature and evolve on a schedule that emphasizes added value throughout the development life cycle, it has already served to confirm that project personnel are concentrating risk reduction or elimination/retirement measures in the appropriate areas. A cursory evaluation with an existing fault tree analysis and probabilistic risk assessment software application has helped to validate this simplified approach. It is hoped that this will serve as a model for other NASA flight projects.
{"title":"A systematic risk management approach employed on the CloudSat project","authors":"R. Basilio, K. Plourde, T. Lam","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2001.931738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2001.931738","url":null,"abstract":"The CloudSat Project has developed a simplified approach for fault tree analysis and probabilistic risk assessment. A system-level fault tree has been constructed to identify credible fault scenarios and failure modes leading up to a potential failure to meet the nominal mission success criteria. Risk ratings and fault categories have been defined for each low-level event (failure mode) and a streamlined probabilistic risk assessment has been completed. Although this technique or process will mature and evolve on a schedule that emphasizes added value throughout the development life cycle, it has already served to confirm that project personnel are concentrating risk reduction or elimination/retirement measures in the appropriate areas. A cursory evaluation with an existing fault tree analysis and probabilistic risk assessment software application has helped to validate this simplified approach. It is hoped that this will serve as a model for other NASA flight projects.","PeriodicalId":329225,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8542)","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132054677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-10DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2001.931450
D.C. Stieren
The research, measurement and standards activities of the Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory (MEL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are summarized, especially as they relate to aerospace manufacturing. NIST is a non-regulatory agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce's Technology Administration that was established in 1901 as the National Bureau of Standards. MEL is one of seven NIST measurement and standards laboratories. MEL works with the American manufacturing sector to develop and apply technology, measurements, and standards. MEL provides industry-needed engineering tools, interface standards, systems architectures, and traceability. Through its research and services, MEL helps U.S. industry successfully compete in the global marketplace. Manufacturers employ MEL research results, test methods, software conformance tests, calibration services, and measurement tools. Disclaimer-No approval or endorsement of any commercial product by NIST is intended or implied. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this report in order to facilitate understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. This publication was prepared by United States Government employees as part of their official duties.
{"title":"The NIST MEL: assisting aerospace manufacturing through measurements and standards","authors":"D.C. Stieren","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2001.931450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2001.931450","url":null,"abstract":"The research, measurement and standards activities of the Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory (MEL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are summarized, especially as they relate to aerospace manufacturing. NIST is a non-regulatory agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce's Technology Administration that was established in 1901 as the National Bureau of Standards. MEL is one of seven NIST measurement and standards laboratories. MEL works with the American manufacturing sector to develop and apply technology, measurements, and standards. MEL provides industry-needed engineering tools, interface standards, systems architectures, and traceability. Through its research and services, MEL helps U.S. industry successfully compete in the global marketplace. Manufacturers employ MEL research results, test methods, software conformance tests, calibration services, and measurement tools. Disclaimer-No approval or endorsement of any commercial product by NIST is intended or implied. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this report in order to facilitate understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. This publication was prepared by United States Government employees as part of their official duties.","PeriodicalId":329225,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8542)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130971776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-10DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2001.931423
D. Throop, J. Malin, L. Fleming
Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) is typically a costly manual process. We present the EPOCH (Engineering Product and Operations Cross-cutting Hybrid) Simulation for Failure Analysis software, which automates generation of FMEA from design models. The tool performs sets of scenario-based analyses, using the CONFIG hybrid discrete event simulator, to generate reports summarizing detailing analysis results. The paper describes how the tool uses this simulator, and how timestep modeling has be extended to handle failure cases that violate steady state assumptions and approximations that are well founded for the nominal case. The automation supports incremental FMEA: reporting how a design change alters the presentation of the functional effects of failures, as seen over a set of operational scenarios. We describe the representations of failure modes, scenario scripts and functional labels that supports the capabilities of this tool. An example is presented, based on analysis of a propellant production plant for a planetary base.
{"title":"Automated incremental design FMEA","authors":"D. Throop, J. Malin, L. Fleming","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2001.931423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2001.931423","url":null,"abstract":"Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) is typically a costly manual process. We present the EPOCH (Engineering Product and Operations Cross-cutting Hybrid) Simulation for Failure Analysis software, which automates generation of FMEA from design models. The tool performs sets of scenario-based analyses, using the CONFIG hybrid discrete event simulator, to generate reports summarizing detailing analysis results. The paper describes how the tool uses this simulator, and how timestep modeling has be extended to handle failure cases that violate steady state assumptions and approximations that are well founded for the nominal case. The automation supports incremental FMEA: reporting how a design change alters the presentation of the functional effects of failures, as seen over a set of operational scenarios. We describe the representations of failure modes, scenario scripts and functional labels that supports the capabilities of this tool. An example is presented, based on analysis of a propellant production plant for a planetary base.","PeriodicalId":329225,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8542)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130408342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-10DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2001.931354
H. Eyoh, R. Blue, R. D. Gardner, Ivan Andonovic
The objective of the LOADNET project has been the identification, adaptation and installation of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) networking components for optical avionics data networks. The aim of this paper is to recommend the use of the telecommunication layered approach to analyze and design future aerospace fibre-optic networks. This approach can also be applied to other platforms, given their respective requirements, which can be disseminated into sufficient detail and mapped into the layers. A correlation between the requirements and the capability of the COTS protocol can be made to assess its suitability and any modifications that may be required. From part of the initial work done on the project, we have selected three prominent COTS network technologies for illustrative purposes. Multiple protocols will be necessary in the network and, as a result, multiple protocols over LOADNET (MPOL) is currently under investigation.
{"title":"The migration of digital avionics data buses to low cost optical avionics data networks (the LOADNET project)","authors":"H. Eyoh, R. Blue, R. D. Gardner, Ivan Andonovic","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2001.931354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2001.931354","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the LOADNET project has been the identification, adaptation and installation of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) networking components for optical avionics data networks. The aim of this paper is to recommend the use of the telecommunication layered approach to analyze and design future aerospace fibre-optic networks. This approach can also be applied to other platforms, given their respective requirements, which can be disseminated into sufficient detail and mapped into the layers. A correlation between the requirements and the capability of the COTS protocol can be made to assess its suitability and any modifications that may be required. From part of the initial work done on the project, we have selected three prominent COTS network technologies for illustrative purposes. Multiple protocols will be necessary in the network and, as a result, multiple protocols over LOADNET (MPOL) is currently under investigation.","PeriodicalId":329225,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8542)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121585446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-10DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2001.931418
P. Cappelaere
SCL, the Autonomous Command and Control Software for Flight and Ground Systems has been released Open Source. Interface and Control Systems has changed its business model to accommodate that dramatic change - a first for the aerospace industry. This paper details the lessons learned after a year, the impact on the product, the company and the aerospace industry at large.
{"title":"SCL open source - one year later - lessons learned","authors":"P. Cappelaere","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2001.931418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2001.931418","url":null,"abstract":"SCL, the Autonomous Command and Control Software for Flight and Ground Systems has been released Open Source. Interface and Control Systems has changed its business model to accommodate that dramatic change - a first for the aerospace industry. This paper details the lessons learned after a year, the impact on the product, the company and the aerospace industry at large.","PeriodicalId":329225,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8542)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121596331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-10DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2001.931499
J. Huddleston, M. Spencer
The QuikSCAT wind scatterometer, named SeaWinds, is a scanning, pencil-beam, microwave radar that was designed to measure global ocean surface winds from space. Originally planned for flight aboard the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) Advanced Earth Observing Satellite II (ADEOS-II) spacecraft, SeaWinds was expected to continue the series of Ku-band scatterometer data initiated by the NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT). Unfortunately, the failure of NSCAT's host spacecraft, ADEOS-I, prematurely ended NSCAT's mission and created a data gap. The QuikSCAT mission was rapidly developed to fill in the data gap between NSCAT on ADEOS-I and SeaWinds on ADEOS-II. A scatterometer nearly identical to SeaWinds was quickly assembled and launched on June 19, 1999 aboard the QuikSCAT spacecraft. In this paper, we describe the QuikSCAT mission, outline the key design features of the SeaWinds scatterometer, and mention some of the current and emerging science applications.
{"title":"SeaWinds: the QuikSCAT wind scatterometer","authors":"J. Huddleston, M. Spencer","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2001.931499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2001.931499","url":null,"abstract":"The QuikSCAT wind scatterometer, named SeaWinds, is a scanning, pencil-beam, microwave radar that was designed to measure global ocean surface winds from space. Originally planned for flight aboard the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) Advanced Earth Observing Satellite II (ADEOS-II) spacecraft, SeaWinds was expected to continue the series of Ku-band scatterometer data initiated by the NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT). Unfortunately, the failure of NSCAT's host spacecraft, ADEOS-I, prematurely ended NSCAT's mission and created a data gap. The QuikSCAT mission was rapidly developed to fill in the data gap between NSCAT on ADEOS-I and SeaWinds on ADEOS-II. A scatterometer nearly identical to SeaWinds was quickly assembled and launched on June 19, 1999 aboard the QuikSCAT spacecraft. In this paper, we describe the QuikSCAT mission, outline the key design features of the SeaWinds scatterometer, and mention some of the current and emerging science applications.","PeriodicalId":329225,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8542)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114200239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-10DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2001.931504
S.D. O'Neil
It is increasingly accepted that accurate maps of road networks can make a critical difference in enabling accurate tracking of ground movers using GMTI radar data, especially when sensor resources are limited. However, road maps are often incomplete and inaccurate to such an extent that their utility is eliminated or greatly reduced. At the same time, users of GMTI data have noted in heavily trafficked areas that the road networks are readily apparent on positional displays of GMTI data. This has lead to the notion of estimating the road networks using GMTI data, an idea, which is operationally appealing given that the data, can be collected over a time period of several days to several months. This paper addresses one of the fundamental issues of estimating road networks from GMTI data. We derive a methodology for estimating a road network that views the road in a fundamentally different way than has been the case in previous approaches to this problem. The methodology is motivated by the stochastic models typically employed to model target trajectories as indexed by time, which we modify to come up with a stochastic model for the road trajectory which is indexed by arc-length. We apply this new method and compare it to a recently presented method that views the road as fundamentally composed of segments and vertices, and show using a limited data set that the stochastic estimation approach seems to offer much better performance.
{"title":"Estimating road networks using archived GMTI data","authors":"S.D. O'Neil","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2001.931504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2001.931504","url":null,"abstract":"It is increasingly accepted that accurate maps of road networks can make a critical difference in enabling accurate tracking of ground movers using GMTI radar data, especially when sensor resources are limited. However, road maps are often incomplete and inaccurate to such an extent that their utility is eliminated or greatly reduced. At the same time, users of GMTI data have noted in heavily trafficked areas that the road networks are readily apparent on positional displays of GMTI data. This has lead to the notion of estimating the road networks using GMTI data, an idea, which is operationally appealing given that the data, can be collected over a time period of several days to several months. This paper addresses one of the fundamental issues of estimating road networks from GMTI data. We derive a methodology for estimating a road network that views the road in a fundamentally different way than has been the case in previous approaches to this problem. The methodology is motivated by the stochastic models typically employed to model target trajectories as indexed by time, which we modify to come up with a stochastic model for the road trajectory which is indexed by arc-length. We apply this new method and compare it to a recently presented method that views the road as fundamentally composed of segments and vertices, and show using a limited data set that the stochastic estimation approach seems to offer much better performance.","PeriodicalId":329225,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8542)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121231849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-10DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2001.931453
J. Adams, G. Priyadarshan, Ade Mabogunje, L. Leifer, C. Quate, E. Ong, B. Ramakrishna
Because of the current and future importance of the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) in education and research, our team has been working on transferring this technology to the college classroom. In this paper we present the initial findings of a case study in which two years of cutting-edge AFM research was transferred to the college classroom in the form of a one-semester course. The course was developed before the research was completed and published in final form. While, the course centered on the re-creation and explanation of the most recent advances in building high-throughput AFMs, it also implemented and assessed the use of two online AFMs. Student response to the initial course offering, its content, and the tools used, was very positive. The students rated the course above the department average on 14 of the 15 survey metrics and claimed that the teaching method would help them remember more than other classes (average 8 on a ten-point scale. N=24). As a result of the course, several students have shown interest in pursuing work and research in this field. These results indicate that the course has successfully broadened the horizons of undergraduate and graduate students at the University of Nevada Reno, which had no microtechnology or AFM course offering prior to this work. It has also demonstrated the potential of using the AFM as the center focus of a MEMS/Nano-technology course. Finally, this case study may serve as a model for future technology transfer to the classroom by Ph.D. candidates who have not fully completed their technical research.
{"title":"Taking atomic force microscope advances to the university classroom","authors":"J. Adams, G. Priyadarshan, Ade Mabogunje, L. Leifer, C. Quate, E. Ong, B. Ramakrishna","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2001.931453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2001.931453","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the current and future importance of the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) in education and research, our team has been working on transferring this technology to the college classroom. In this paper we present the initial findings of a case study in which two years of cutting-edge AFM research was transferred to the college classroom in the form of a one-semester course. The course was developed before the research was completed and published in final form. While, the course centered on the re-creation and explanation of the most recent advances in building high-throughput AFMs, it also implemented and assessed the use of two online AFMs. Student response to the initial course offering, its content, and the tools used, was very positive. The students rated the course above the department average on 14 of the 15 survey metrics and claimed that the teaching method would help them remember more than other classes (average 8 on a ten-point scale. N=24). As a result of the course, several students have shown interest in pursuing work and research in this field. These results indicate that the course has successfully broadened the horizons of undergraduate and graduate students at the University of Nevada Reno, which had no microtechnology or AFM course offering prior to this work. It has also demonstrated the potential of using the AFM as the center focus of a MEMS/Nano-technology course. Finally, this case study may serve as a model for future technology transfer to the classroom by Ph.D. candidates who have not fully completed their technical research.","PeriodicalId":329225,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8542)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121792818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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