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2001 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8542)最新文献

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A statistics of rare events method for transportation systems 交通运输系统罕见事件的统计方法
Pub Date : 2001-03-10 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2001.931422
A.L. White
A method is proposed for quantifying the expected number of accidents for a transportation system during some operating period. The operating period is divided into two parts. There is normal operation where everything is working correctly. These intervals can be studied deterministically by arguments-from-design or by tests. There is unsafe operation where equipment has failed, an error has occurred, or traffic perturbations have produced unusual circumstances. Such stochastic phenomena can be studied by experiments or simulation. These two types of operation create a natural partition. This paper proposes a Monte Carlo method based on this partition that appears appropriate for studying scarce events. Estimators for this method are developed. It is shown they are unbiased, and confidence intervals derived. There is also a discussion of integrating random failures with traffic flow in discrete event simulation.
提出了一种量化运输系统在一定运行周期内事故预期数量的方法。操作周期分为两部分。有正常的操作,一切工作正常。这些间隔可以通过设计论证或测试来确定地研究。设备发生故障、发生错误或交通扰动产生异常情况的不安全操作。这种随机现象可以通过实验或模拟来研究。这两种类型的操作创建了一个自然分区。本文提出了一种基于此划分的蒙特卡罗方法,该方法适合研究稀缺事件。给出了该方法的估计量。结果表明,它们是无偏的,并推导出置信区间。本文还讨论了离散事件模拟中随机故障与交通流的集成问题。
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引用次数: 1
Performance of dielectric resonator oscillator for spacecraft transponding modem 航天器应答调制解调器用介电谐振振荡器的性能
Pub Date : 2001-03-10 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2001.931349
N. Mysoor, S. Kayalar, C. Andricos, G. Walsh
A new Spacecraft Transponding Modem (STM) is being developed for deep space communication applications. The STM receives an X-band (7.17 GHz) uplink signal and generates an X-band (8.4 GHz) and a Ka-band (32.0 GHz) coherent or noncoherent downlink signals. The STM architecture incorporates three miniature dielectric-resonator-oscillators (DRO). These DROs are used in receiver and exciter frequency synthesis phase-locked loops (PLL) in the STM. The DROs are designed with custom developed monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) negative resistance oscillator chips. DROs are laid out on alumina substrates in RF cavity fixtures of 18 mm/spl times/18 mm/spl times/8 mm. The receiver and the exciter DRO designs meet the following requirements: frequency stability of /spl plusmn/2 ppm//spl deg/C, the free running single-sideband phase noise of -50 dBc at 1-kHz offset frequency, tuning linearity of /spl plusmn/10% over the /spl plusmn/1.75-MHz locking range, and output power of +10 dBm/spl plusmn/1 dB over a design temperature range of -55/spl deg/C to +85/spl deg/C. The phase-locked loop DRO frequency synthesizers are designed using sampling downconverter and phase detector MMIC chips. These PLL frequency synthesizers meet the following requirements: pull-in range of /spl plusmn/1.75 MHz, loop noise bandwidth of 100 kHz, and a single-sideband phase noise of -144 dBc at 1-kHz offset frequency.
一种用于深空通信应用的新型宇宙飞船应答调制解调器(STM)正在研制中。STM接收x波段(7.17 GHz)上行信号,产生x波段(8.4 GHz)和ka波段(32.0 GHz)相干或非相干下行信号。STM结构包含三个微型介电谐振振荡器(DRO)。这些DROs用于STM中的接收器和激励器频率合成锁相环(PLL)。DROs采用定制开发的单片微波集成电路(MMIC)负阻振荡器芯片设计。ro布置在氧化铝基板上,射频腔固定装置为18mm /spl倍/ 18mm /spl倍/ 8mm。接收机和激振器的DRO设计满足以下要求:频率稳定性为/spl plusmn/2 ppm//spl°/C,在1 khz偏置频率下自由运行的单边带相位噪声为-50 dBc,在/spl plusmn/1.75 mhz锁定范围内的调谐线性度为/spl plusmn/10%,在-55/spl°/C至+85/spl°/C的设计温度范围内输出功率为+10 dBm/spl plusmn/1 dB。采用采样下变频器和鉴相芯片设计了锁相环DRO频率合成器。这些锁相环频率合成器满足以下要求:拉入范围为/spl plusmn/1.75 MHz,环路噪声带宽为100 kHz,在1 kHz偏移频率下的单边带相位噪声为-144 dBc。
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引用次数: 4
Evolutionary mechanisms for smart on-board adaptive sensing applied to the MECA electrometer 应用于MECA静电计的智能车载自适应传感进化机制
Pub Date : 2001-03-10 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2001.931191
D. Keymeulen, A. Stoica, M. Buehler, R. Zebulum, V. Duong
In-situ exploration as required for example by missions to comets and planets with unknown environmental conditions, has recently been approached with new ideas, such as the use of biology-inspired mechanisms for hardware sensor adaptation. The application of evolution-inspired formalisms to hardware design and self-configuration lead to the concept of evolvable hardware (EHW). EHW refers to self reconfiguration of electronic hardware by evolutionary/genetic reconfiguration mechanisms. In this paper we describe the initial development of efficient mechanisms for smart on-board adaptive sensing, adaptively controlling the reconfigurable pre-processing analog electronics using evolvable hardware, which will lead to higher quality, lean data.
例如,对环境条件未知的彗星和行星的探测任务所需要的现场探测,最近采用了新的想法,例如使用受生物学启发的机制来适应硬件传感器。将进化启发的形式化方法应用于硬件设计和自配置,产生了可进化硬件(EHW)的概念。EHW是指通过进化/遗传重构机制对电子硬件进行自我重构。在本文中,我们描述了智能车载自适应传感的有效机制的初步发展,使用可进化的硬件自适应控制可重构预处理模拟电子设备,这将导致更高质量的精益数据。
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引用次数: 1
Proactive rideshare opportunity brokering services (PROBS) for secondary payloads 主动拼车机会中介服务(PROBS)为次要有效载荷
Pub Date : 2001-03-10 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2001.931711
B. Horais, R. Twiggs, C. Byvik
Schafer Corporation and Stanford University's SSDL were awarded a contract to investigate new, revolutionary approaches to facilitate low-cost space technology demonstrations. The Schafer Team is developing approaches that can restore the timelines and risk-acceptance environment necessary to stimulate innovation for space technology development programs. We are proactively matching a critical category of payload developers with space launch services: the new/innovative developers of space component technology that do not have the knowledge, resources, or contacts necessary to successfully test their technologies in space. Restoration and expansion of the U.S. Space industry's innovative foundations must include rapid access to space for testing of new ideas and must be closely coupled to hands-on university programs in space technologies that will train future generations of US space technologists. This paper addresses an innovative technology "pull" approach to achieving these objectives.
Schafer公司和斯坦福大学的SSDL被授予一份合同,以研究新的、革命性的方法来促进低成本空间技术的演示。Schafer团队正在开发能够恢复时间线和风险接受环境的方法,以刺激空间技术发展计划的创新。我们正在积极地将有效载荷开发人员的一个关键类别与空间发射服务相匹配:新的/创新的空间组件技术开发人员,他们没有在空间中成功测试其技术所需的知识、资源或联系。恢复和扩大美国航天工业的创新基础必须包括快速进入太空以测试新想法,并且必须与空间技术的实践大学课程紧密结合,以培养未来几代美国空间技术专家。本文提出了一种创新的技术“拉动”方法来实现这些目标。
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引用次数: 0
Technology development for the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM)-status and plans 空间干涉测量任务(SIM)技术发展现状与计划
Pub Date : 2001-03-10 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2001.931541
R. Laskin
Optical and infrared interferometry will open new vistas for astronomy over the next decade. Space based interferometers, operating unfettered by the Earth's atmosphere, will offer the greatest scientific payoff. They also present the greatest technological challenge: laser metrology systems must perform with sub-nanometer precision; mechanical vibrations must be controlled to nanometers requiring orders of magnitude disturbance rejection; a multitude of actuators and sensors must operate flawlessly and in concert. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory along with its industry partners, LMA and TRW, are addressing these challenges with a development program that plans to establish technology readiness for the Space Interferometry Mission by end of 2003.
光学和红外干涉测量法将在未来十年为天文学开辟新的前景。基于空间的干涉仪不受地球大气层的限制,将提供最大的科学回报。它们也提出了最大的技术挑战:激光计量系统必须具有亚纳米精度;机械振动必须控制到纳米级,需要抑制几个数量级的干扰;许多执行器和传感器必须完美地协同工作。喷气推进实验室与其工业合作伙伴LMA和TRW正在通过一项发展计划解决这些挑战,该计划计划在2003年底之前为空间干涉测量任务建立技术准备。
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引用次数: 1
Converting from a lab experiment to a flight instrument 将实验室实验转化为飞行仪器
Pub Date : 2001-03-10 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2001.931539
Brian Cox, Parviz Danesh, E. Konefat
This paper describes Instrument Control Electronics (ICE) for the Starlight mission. The mission is a dual-spacecraft formation-flying Michelson interferometer designed to perform the first long-baseline optical interferometry in space. Starlight is planned for launch in late 2005, and will demonstrate enabling technologies in the areas of separated spacecraft control systems, precise optical pathlength control, and interspacecraft laser metrology, all of which are critical to the performance of future planned NASA missions such as the Terrestrial Planet Finder. The interferometer flight instrument is based on laboratory instrument that been developed over the past ten years. The flight instrument is planning maximum use of the developed hardware and software. There are many challenges in designing flight equivalent instrument electronics that are rugged, lower mass, lower power and reliable. This paper describes the methods, approaches and processes that are being used to design instrument electronics that will meet the project requirements for cost, mass, power and performance.
本文介绍了星光任务的仪表控制电子学(ICE)。该任务是一个双航天器编队飞行迈克尔逊干涉仪,设计用于在太空中执行第一个长基线光学干涉测量。星光计划在2005年晚些时候发射,并将演示在分离航天器控制系统、精确光路长度控制和航天器间激光测量等领域的使能技术,所有这些都对未来NASA计划的任务(如类地行星发现者)的性能至关重要。干涉仪飞行仪表是在实验室仪器的基础上发展起来的。飞行仪表正计划最大限度地利用已开发的硬件和软件。在设计坚固、低质量、低功耗和可靠的飞行等效电子仪表方面存在许多挑战。本文描述了用于设计仪器电子器件的方法、途径和过程,以满足项目对成本、质量、功率和性能的要求。
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引用次数: 0
Transport protocols and applications for Internet use in space 空间因特网使用的传输协议和应用
Pub Date : 2001-03-10 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2001.931277
E. Criscuolo, K. Hogie, R. Parise
An Internet datagram delivery service between space systems only provides end-to-end addressability. Building systems and performing actual spacecraft operations requires a variety of services operating over the Internet datagram delivery service. This paper discusses ways to use the capabilities of the upper layer Internet protocols to support the varied communication needs of satellites. It focuses on protocols in the transport layer (layer 4) and application layer (layer 7) which use the basic packet delivery capabilities of the Internet Protocol (IP) and the network layer (layer 3). The transport layer primarily adds data stream multiplexing and reliable data delivery options for use by applications. Data stream multiplexing is provided by the port mechanism in the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and the Transport Control Protocol (TCP). UDP provides a basic packet delivery service similar to that used in today's spacecraft while TCP provides an automatic retransmission capability for reliable data stream delivery. Data streaming is also supported by the Real Time Protocol (RTP) which operates over UDP. Each of these protocols has benefits and limitations in various space communication environments with a range of link errors, propagation delays, and bit rates. Transport protocol selection and operational usage are discussed with respect to satellite communication requirements. Finally, actual spacecraft operations are performed by using applications running over transport protocols. The use of standard Internet applications such as NTP, FTP, SMTP, and telnet is discussed with respect to satellite operational requirements. The actual use and performance of many of these protocols by the Operating Missions as Nodes on the Internet (OMNI) project at NASA/GSFC on orbit with the UoSAT-12 spacecraft is also described.
空间系统之间的Internet数据报传递服务仅提供端到端的可寻址性。构建系统和执行实际航天器操作需要在互联网数据报交付服务上运行的各种服务。本文讨论了利用上层互联网协议的能力来支持卫星各种通信需求的方法。它侧重于传输层(第4层)和应用层(第7层)中的协议,这些协议使用互联网协议(IP)和网络层(第3层)的基本数据包传输能力。传输层主要添加数据流多路复用和可靠的数据传输选项,供应用程序使用。数据流复用是由用户数据报协议(UDP)和传输控制协议(TCP)中的端口机制提供的。UDP提供了一种基本的数据包传输服务,类似于今天的航天器中使用的服务,而TCP提供了一种自动重传能力,用于可靠的数据流传输。数据流还支持在UDP上运行的实时协议(RTP)。在各种空间通信环境中,每种协议都有其优点和局限性,其中包括一系列链路错误、传播延迟和比特率。根据卫星通信要求,讨论了传输协议的选择和操作使用。最后,实际的航天器操作是通过在传输协议上运行的应用程序来执行的。根据卫星操作需求,讨论了诸如NTP、FTP、SMTP和telnet等标准Internet应用程序的使用。还描述了NASA/GSFC在轨道上与UoSAT-12航天器一起运行的作为互联网节点的操作任务(OMNI)项目中许多这些协议的实际使用和性能。
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引用次数: 25
DS1 ion propulsion emissions characterization DS1离子推进排放特性
Pub Date : 2001-03-10 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2001.931211
M. Henry, D. Brinza
The Deep Space One mission is demonstrating the long-duration use of an ion propulsion subsystem (IPS). The NASA Solar Electric Propulsion Technology Applications Readiness Project developed the NSTAR Diagnostics Package (NDP) to monitor the effects of the IPS on the spacecraft environment. The NDP measures contamination, plasma characteristics, electric fields, and magnetic fields. This paper describes the different electrostatic and electromagnetic emissions of the ion engine for each of the thrust levels at which the engine has operated in space and in the test chamber. It shows the E and B fields data from the spectrometer and the associated time domain samples. It identifies the unexpected differences between the engine emissions for different thrust levels. It shows the peculiarities of the transitions from one thrust level to another. Also, it shows the differences in the space and ground test emissions. Examples of other spacecraft emissions are shown for comparisons to the ion engine emissions.
深空一号任务正在演示离子推进子系统(IPS)的长时间使用。NASA太阳能电力推进技术应用准备项目开发了NSTAR诊断包(NDP),用于监测IPS对航天器环境的影响。NDP测量污染、等离子体特性、电场和磁场。本文介绍了离子发动机在不同推力水平下的静电辐射和电磁辐射。图中显示了谱仪的E场和B场数据以及相关的时域样本。它确定了不同推力水平下发动机排放的意外差异。它显示了从一个推力层向另一个推力层过渡的特点。此外,它还显示了空间和地面测试发射的差异。图中显示了其他航天器排放的例子,以便与离子发动机排放进行比较。
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引用次数: 1
Multicasting with advantaged resources 具有优势资源的组播
Pub Date : 2001-03-10 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2001.931424
M.J. Zukoski, Robert C. Durst
Satellite links and other "advantaged" resources are increasingly becoming available in tactical networks. When such resources are used to multicast data, significant reductions in traffic and delay are possible, though not guaranteed. Furthermore, use of these resources is relatively expensive and should be efficiently allocated. This paper presents ARDUP, the Advantaged Resource Discovery and Use Protocol, which re-forms the existing terrestrial route to include the advantaged resource in an efficient manner. It addresses the cost-effectiveness of the advantaged resource by introducing a method of global cost assessment of the multicast paths. This assessment provides a measure of the relative benefit - if any - that using the advantaged resource will bring. The paper also describes the admission control mechanism by which access to the advantaged resource is managed. Results from an OPNET simulation study are then presented to illustrate the performance and benefits of the protocol.
卫星链路和其他“有利”资源越来越多地用于战术网络。当这些资源用于多播数据时,可能会显著减少流量和延迟,尽管不能保证。此外,这些资源的使用相对昂贵,应得到有效的分配。本文提出了优势资源发现与利用协议ARDUP,该协议对现有的地面路由进行了重构,使优势资源更有效地包含在其中。通过引入组播路径的全局成本评估方法,解决了优势资源的成本效益问题。这种评估提供了利用有利资源将带来的相对利益(如果有的话)的衡量标准。本文还描述了对优势资源的访问进行管理的准入控制机制。然后给出了OPNET仿真研究的结果,以说明该协议的性能和优点。
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引用次数: 0
Web-based flight test training & mishap investigation support 基于网络的飞行测试训练和事故调查支持
Pub Date : 2001-03-10 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2001.931221
D. Carico, Chengjian He, P. Blemel
Work is ongoing to develop a web-based capability to support flight testing and mishap investigations. Fewer new aircraft are being procured today compared to aircraft procurement a couple decades ago. As the older members of the test force retire or change jobs, more pressure is placed on the more junior engineers to conduct the testing. Flight test training is accomplished at government and commercial test pilot schools, but after graduating the flight test engineers and pilots must primarily work with on-the-job training. One approach to improve flight test training support, currently being developed as part of a small business innovative research program, involves combining advanced technology programs associated with a physics-based analysis model structure and the World Wide Web. This paper discusses the results of the ongoing program to enhance and integrate an advanced simulation model structure with a collaborative network and with advanced microprocessors.
目前正在开发一种基于网络的能力,以支持飞行测试和事故调查。与几十年前的飞机采购相比,今天采购的新飞机更少了。随着测试队伍中较老的成员退休或换工作,进行测试的较年轻的工程师面临更大的压力。飞行测试训练是在政府和商业试飞员学校完成的,但毕业后,飞行测试工程师和飞行员必须主要接受在职培训。一种改进飞行测试训练支持的方法,目前正在作为小型企业创新研究项目的一部分进行开发,涉及将先进技术项目与基于物理的分析模型结构和万维网相结合。本文讨论了正在进行的计划的结果,以增强和集成先进的仿真模型结构与协作网络和先进的微处理器。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2001 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8542)
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