Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.20473/JKL.V12I1SI.2020.29-37
D. Gracia, Erica Rosa Rubetta
Introduction: COVID-19 is a unique disease that was first confirmed in Wuhan, Wubei, China in late 2019 and within 6 months the virus spread rapidly throughout the world. The obscurity in overcoming this virus is the background of the interventions applied. Several interventions conducted, such as nationwide lockdowns, quarantine and isolation. In addition to avoid the virus transmission, these interventions also have psychological impacts that affect the mental health. Methods: We did a review of the mental health outcomes referring to several interventions amid COVID-19 outbreak using two databases. Out of 302 papers found by the search engine, 5 articles were counted in this review. Discussion: Most reviewed researches proclaimed adverse mental health problems, along with anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Stressors consist of infection fears, grieves, boredom, stigma, faulty information, short sleep duration, and minimum social activities. Several researchers have proposed abiding effects. Conclusion: Social interventions which are imposed limit the process of meeting the needs of human life. It is crucial to point out the mental health of the population and take charge to diminish its adverse effects for the time being. Therefore, the Government needs to implement a strict and fair policy, especially on the issue of community survival. Public health protocol socialization needs to be done, especially in controlling the transmission of viruses in public places, such as malls, public transportations, schools, workplaces, and many other.
{"title":"Literature Review: Quarantine and Lockdown During Covid19 Outbreak Impact on Mental Health Problem","authors":"D. Gracia, Erica Rosa Rubetta","doi":"10.20473/JKL.V12I1SI.2020.29-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/JKL.V12I1SI.2020.29-37","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: COVID-19 is a unique disease that was first confirmed in Wuhan, Wubei, China in late 2019 and within 6 months the virus spread rapidly throughout the world. The obscurity in overcoming this virus is the background of the interventions applied. Several interventions conducted, such as nationwide lockdowns, quarantine and isolation. In addition to avoid the virus transmission, these interventions also have psychological impacts that affect the mental health. Methods: We did a review of the mental health outcomes referring to several interventions amid COVID-19 outbreak using two databases. Out of 302 papers found by the search engine, 5 articles were counted in this review. Discussion: Most reviewed researches proclaimed adverse mental health problems, along with anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Stressors consist of infection fears, grieves, boredom, stigma, faulty information, short sleep duration, and minimum social activities. Several researchers have proposed abiding effects. Conclusion: Social interventions which are imposed limit the process of meeting the needs of human life. It is crucial to point out the mental health of the population and take charge to diminish its adverse effects for the time being. Therefore, the Government needs to implement a strict and fair policy, especially on the issue of community survival. Public health protocol socialization needs to be done, especially in controlling the transmission of viruses in public places, such as malls, public transportations, schools, workplaces, and many other.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47463037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.20473/JKL.V12I1SI.2020.1-10
Fairuz Haniyah Ramadhani
Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 virus has 2 pathways of spread which are direct (through droplets) and indirect (through the surface of objects affected by droplets or through air). Therefore, social distancing by staying in home is one of the key to prevent the spread of Covid19. However, the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is increasingly common in family level. The risk of family members getting infected is higher because they begin to move outside the house during new normal. Accordingly, a good home environment is needed to improve its residents’ health. This study aims to determine the benefits of implementing healthy home as the new normal in preventing the spread of Covid19 at family level. Discussion: This study was a literature review using literature research as the data source. The literature used were in the form of research journals and articles on Covid19 and healthy home. The data used were research studies conducted from January 2016 to June 2020. There was 9 articles, about benefit healthy home on SARS-CoV-2 transmission, that selected in this study. Healthy home was the idea of homes that have fulfilled the health standards with adequate sanitation. Healthy home was purposively built to make the residents feel comfortable and stay healthy at all times. The components of healthy home were: good ventilation; natural lighting of the house; occupancy density; residents’ behavior; and waste management. Conclusion: The application of healthy home principle had many benefits for its residents and was closely related to Covid19 prevention.
{"title":"Literature Review: Healthy Home as The New Normal for Covid19 Prevention","authors":"Fairuz Haniyah Ramadhani","doi":"10.20473/JKL.V12I1SI.2020.1-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/JKL.V12I1SI.2020.1-10","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 virus has 2 pathways of spread which are direct (through droplets) and indirect (through the surface of objects affected by droplets or through air). Therefore, social distancing by staying in home is one of the key to prevent the spread of Covid19. However, the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is increasingly common in family level. The risk of family members getting infected is higher because they begin to move outside the house during new normal. Accordingly, a good home environment is needed to improve its residents’ health. This study aims to determine the benefits of implementing healthy home as the new normal in preventing the spread of Covid19 at family level. Discussion: This study was a literature review using literature research as the data source. The literature used were in the form of research journals and articles on Covid19 and healthy home. The data used were research studies conducted from January 2016 to June 2020. There was 9 articles, about benefit healthy home on SARS-CoV-2 transmission, that selected in this study. Healthy home was the idea of homes that have fulfilled the health standards with adequate sanitation. Healthy home was purposively built to make the residents feel comfortable and stay healthy at all times. The components of healthy home were: good ventilation; natural lighting of the house; occupancy density; residents’ behavior; and waste management. Conclusion: The application of healthy home principle had many benefits for its residents and was closely related to Covid19 prevention.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43537910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.20473/JKL.V12I1SI.2020.121-128
H. Amir, S. Sudarman, Akbar Asfar, Andi Surahman Batara
Introduction: 2019-nCoV as the term for the new coronavirus that causes outbreaks of pneumonia in Wuhan City, central China by the World Health Organization (WHO), on June 28, 2020, to confirm as many as 9,843,073 cases globally, Therefore, efforts to be made to prevent the spread of this virus must be done immediately and very urgently. The purpose of literature is to discuss the global response to Covid19 and find prevention strategies in the form of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) or non-pharmaceutical interventions. Discussion: This literature review using PICO and PRISMA techniques in extracting the research data based on inclusion and exclusion criteria of several articles on the Database PubMed, Science Direct, and Wiley Online. The readiness of the Government, both in conducting initial screening (Rapid test), readiness of referral hospitals, limiting areas and activities as well as awareness of citizens in implementing new habit adaptations, namely wearing masks, maintaining distance and washing hands regularly are the keys to preventing the spread of the Covid19 virus. Conclusion: articles search from multiple databases, with filtering 2015-2020 study, found as many as 7 Full-text research articles, in the face of a pandemic, we need the readiness of the government, health and infrastructure support as well as coordination and cooperation among all parties.
{"title":"Covid19 Pandemic: Management and Global Response","authors":"H. Amir, S. Sudarman, Akbar Asfar, Andi Surahman Batara","doi":"10.20473/JKL.V12I1SI.2020.121-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/JKL.V12I1SI.2020.121-128","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: 2019-nCoV as the term for the new coronavirus that causes outbreaks of pneumonia in Wuhan City, central China by the World Health Organization (WHO), on June 28, 2020, to confirm as many as 9,843,073 cases globally, Therefore, efforts to be made to prevent the spread of this virus must be done immediately and very urgently. The purpose of literature is to discuss the global response to Covid19 and find prevention strategies in the form of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) or non-pharmaceutical interventions. Discussion: This literature review using PICO and PRISMA techniques in extracting the research data based on inclusion and exclusion criteria of several articles on the Database PubMed, Science Direct, and Wiley Online. The readiness of the Government, both in conducting initial screening (Rapid test), readiness of referral hospitals, limiting areas and activities as well as awareness of citizens in implementing new habit adaptations, namely wearing masks, maintaining distance and washing hands regularly are the keys to preventing the spread of the Covid19 virus. Conclusion: articles search from multiple databases, with filtering 2015-2020 study, found as many as 7 Full-text research articles, in the face of a pandemic, we need the readiness of the government, health and infrastructure support as well as coordination and cooperation among all parties.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47426148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.20473/JKL.V12I1SI.2020.104-120
H. Sutrisno, F. Meilasari
Introduction: Medical waste generation during the Covid19 pandemic increased by around 30%. Sources of medical waste generation are health care activities. If medical waste is not appropriately managed, it can pollute the environment and disturb health. The purpose of the review is to identify the potential of medical waste in health-care facilities in Indonesia when the Covid19 pandemic and to review medical waste management in Indonesia. The analysis uses a systematic literature review. Discussion: The potential of medical waste during the Covid19 epidemic is infectious waste (PPE wastes), sharps waste (syringes), chemical waste (expired medicines), and pharmaceutical waste (the used alcohol bottles when rapid tests). The hazardous waste management system refers to Government Regulation No. 101 year 2014 about Management of Hazardous and Toxic Waste and and Regulation of Minister of Environment and Forestry of Republic Indonesia No. P.56/MenlhkSetjen/2015 about Procedures and Technical Requirements for Waste Management Hazardous and Toxic From the Health Service Facilities. Infectious waste, sharps waste, chemical waste, and pharmaceutical waste are destroyed with incinerators. Syringe residues were damaged with a needle shredder. Residue and incineration ashes are processed using solidification. If the heavy metal content under the quality standards, then the waste can be landfill. Conclusion: The potential of medical waste during the Covid19 pandemic is infectious waste, sharps waste, chemical waste, and pharmaceutical waste. Medical waste generated must be appropriately managed. Proper medical waste management can prevent environmental pollution and the spread of disease. One of the processing of potential medical waste is incineration. The incineration system produces residue and ash waste that must further be handled so that it does not pollute the environment and disturb health.
{"title":"Review: Medical Waste Management for Covid19","authors":"H. Sutrisno, F. Meilasari","doi":"10.20473/JKL.V12I1SI.2020.104-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/JKL.V12I1SI.2020.104-120","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Medical waste generation during the Covid19 pandemic increased by around 30%. Sources of medical waste generation are health care activities. If medical waste is not appropriately managed, it can pollute the environment and disturb health. The purpose of the review is to identify the potential of medical waste in health-care facilities in Indonesia when the Covid19 pandemic and to review medical waste management in Indonesia. The analysis uses a systematic literature review. Discussion: The potential of medical waste during the Covid19 epidemic is infectious waste (PPE wastes), sharps waste (syringes), chemical waste (expired medicines), and pharmaceutical waste (the used alcohol bottles when rapid tests). The hazardous waste management system refers to Government Regulation No. 101 year 2014 about Management of Hazardous and Toxic Waste and and Regulation of Minister of Environment and Forestry of Republic Indonesia No. P.56/MenlhkSetjen/2015 about Procedures and Technical Requirements for Waste Management Hazardous and Toxic From the Health Service Facilities. Infectious waste, sharps waste, chemical waste, and pharmaceutical waste are destroyed with incinerators. Syringe residues were damaged with a needle shredder. Residue and incineration ashes are processed using solidification. If the heavy metal content under the quality standards, then the waste can be landfill. Conclusion: The potential of medical waste during the Covid19 pandemic is infectious waste, sharps waste, chemical waste, and pharmaceutical waste. Medical waste generated must be appropriately managed. Proper medical waste management can prevent environmental pollution and the spread of disease. One of the processing of potential medical waste is incineration. The incineration system produces residue and ash waste that must further be handled so that it does not pollute the environment and disturb health.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43407544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-29DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v12i3.2020.225-234
H. Firmansyah, Azmi Nur Fadlillah, Aditya Sukma Pawitra
Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus) which attacks the respiratory tract, with mild to severe symptoms. The virus can infect the body through mucous membranes on the face with droplet transmission. Air pollution is thought to contribute to Covid19 events which can worsen the situation of people with Covid19. The aims of this literature review is to analyze Particulate Matter (PM) as environmental factors that contributes Covid19, so it is expected to be a study in terms of prevention and prevention in the field of environmental health. Discussion: PM is thought to have contributed to an increased risk of mortality and morbidity in Covid19 events. PM which has toxic properties can enter the lungs and affect the physiological condition of the lung organs. The findings regarding the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA strengthen the suspicion that PM plays a role in Covid19 transmission. Several studies have found that there is a relationship between PM and Covid19. PM2.5 which is smaller than PM10 has a higher ability to be a risk factor for ballast in Covid19. Conclusion: The results of this synthesis state that PM can be one of the driving factors of Covid19 transmission in air.
{"title":"Particulate Matter as a Driven Factor Covid19 Transmission at Outdoor: Review","authors":"H. Firmansyah, Azmi Nur Fadlillah, Aditya Sukma Pawitra","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v12i3.2020.225-234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v12i3.2020.225-234","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus) which attacks the respiratory tract, with mild to severe symptoms. The virus can infect the body through mucous membranes on the face with droplet transmission. Air pollution is thought to contribute to Covid19 events which can worsen the situation of people with Covid19. The aims of this literature review is to analyze Particulate Matter (PM) as environmental factors that contributes Covid19, so it is expected to be a study in terms of prevention and prevention in the field of environmental health. Discussion: PM is thought to have contributed to an increased risk of mortality and morbidity in Covid19 events. PM which has toxic properties can enter the lungs and affect the physiological condition of the lung organs. The findings regarding the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA strengthen the suspicion that PM plays a role in Covid19 transmission. Several studies have found that there is a relationship between PM and Covid19. PM2.5 which is smaller than PM10 has a higher ability to be a risk factor for ballast in Covid19. Conclusion: The results of this synthesis state that PM can be one of the driving factors of Covid19 transmission in air.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47413297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v12i1.2020.21-29
Fetty Rhomdani, L. Sulistyorini
Introduction: Leprosy was caused by Mycobacterium leprae infection which attacks the peripheral nerves and human skin. A total of 39 cases of leprosy occurred in 2018 at the Talango Health Center and became the highest prevalence in Sumenep Regency each year. Multibacillary leprosy dominates in 76.92% of cases. This study aims to analyze the influence of physical environment factors of the home namely temperature, humidity, ventilation, occupancy density, natural lighting, wall types, and floor types on the incidence of leprosy in Talango Health Center. Method: This type of research was observational analytic with a case-control research design. The respondent chosen was 25 cases and 25 controls, taken using simple random sampling. Data were collected through observation sheets which included measurements of temperature, humidity, ventilation, occupancy density, natural lighting observations, types of walls and floors. Data analysis using a chi-square test. Result and Discussion: The results of this study indicate that there was a significant correlation of ventilation variables (p = 0,03) and natural lighting (p = 0,04), whereas in the temperature (p = 1,00), humidity (p = 0,48), occupancy density (p = 1,00), wall type (p = 1,00), and floor type (p = 1,00) found no significant correlation. The physical environment of the house has not received special attention from the local community. As long as they were still comfortable living with these conditions there was no need to take any action. Conclusion: The community needs to be increased awareness by counseling and increasing knowledge of the dangers of the physical environment of the house that were not properly maintained at minimum health standards.
{"title":"The Case of Leprosy in Work Area of Talango Health Center in Sumenep Regency: Case Control Study","authors":"Fetty Rhomdani, L. Sulistyorini","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v12i1.2020.21-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v12i1.2020.21-29","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Leprosy was caused by Mycobacterium leprae infection which attacks the peripheral nerves and human skin. A total of 39 cases of leprosy occurred in 2018 at the Talango Health Center and became the highest prevalence in Sumenep Regency each year. Multibacillary leprosy dominates in 76.92% of cases. This study aims to analyze the influence of physical environment factors of the home namely temperature, humidity, ventilation, occupancy density, natural lighting, wall types, and floor types on the incidence of leprosy in Talango Health Center. Method: This type of research was observational analytic with a case-control research design. The respondent chosen was 25 cases and 25 controls, taken using simple random sampling. Data were collected through observation sheets which included measurements of temperature, humidity, ventilation, occupancy density, natural lighting observations, types of walls and floors. Data analysis using a chi-square test. Result and Discussion: The results of this study indicate that there was a significant correlation of ventilation variables (p = 0,03) and natural lighting (p = 0,04), whereas in the temperature (p = 1,00), humidity (p = 0,48), occupancy density (p = 1,00), wall type (p = 1,00), and floor type (p = 1,00) found no significant correlation. The physical environment of the house has not received special attention from the local community. As long as they were still comfortable living with these conditions there was no need to take any action. Conclusion: The community needs to be increased awareness by counseling and increasing knowledge of the dangers of the physical environment of the house that were not properly maintained at minimum health standards.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42421072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v11i4.2019.354-360
S. Suratman, K. Kuswanto, Agnes Fitria Widiyanto
Organophosphate insecticides (OPs) are one of the pesticides commonly used in agricultural activities either to eradicate or to protect crops from insect attacks. Aside from the advantages proposed, this OPs substance also brings some worrisome threats for individual and population. Shallot farmworkers in Brebes Regency are population at risk to OPs exposure. The activity levels of Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in blood play important roles as a biomarker of exposure as well to measure the occurrence of OPs exposure in a human body and as a biomarker of susceptibility as well to measure the level of detoxifying OPs. The aim of this study was to analyse the correlation between levels of BuChE and PON1 activities amongst shallot farmworkers. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 88 male subjects selected randomly from Dukuhlo Village in Brebes Regency, Indonesia, occupationally exposed to OPs from April to May 2017. Using a structured questionnaire, a survey was carried out based on sociodemographic characteristics. Blood samples were collected to determine the levels of BuChE and PON1 activity. These samples were then analysed at laboratories of Cito in Tegal and Gaky, Undip in Semarang. Furthermore, data were analysed systematically using univariate and bivariate (a Spearman’s Rank test). A significant correlation was found between these both variables (p=0.025 and rho=0.238) with slightly moderate positive relationship. To sum up, farmworkers with higher PON1 activity may have a better chance of detoxifying the acute effect of OPs exposure. A further research is needed to identify correlation between PON1 activity, levels of thyroid hormones, and OPs metabolites in urine.
{"title":"A Correlation Study : Levels of Butyrylcholinesterase and Paraoxonase 1 Activity amongst Shallot Farmworkers in Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia","authors":"S. Suratman, K. Kuswanto, Agnes Fitria Widiyanto","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v11i4.2019.354-360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v11i4.2019.354-360","url":null,"abstract":"Organophosphate insecticides (OPs) are one of the pesticides commonly used in agricultural activities either to eradicate or to protect crops from insect attacks. Aside from the advantages proposed, this OPs substance also brings some worrisome threats for individual and population. Shallot farmworkers in Brebes Regency are population at risk to OPs exposure. The activity levels of Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in blood play important roles as a biomarker of exposure as well to measure the occurrence of OPs exposure in a human body and as a biomarker of susceptibility as well to measure the level of detoxifying OPs. The aim of this study was to analyse the correlation between levels of BuChE and PON1 activities amongst shallot farmworkers. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 88 male subjects selected randomly from Dukuhlo Village in Brebes Regency, Indonesia, occupationally exposed to OPs from April to May 2017. Using a structured questionnaire, a survey was carried out based on sociodemographic characteristics. Blood samples were collected to determine the levels of BuChE and PON1 activity. These samples were then analysed at laboratories of Cito in Tegal and Gaky, Undip in Semarang. Furthermore, data were analysed systematically using univariate and bivariate (a Spearman’s Rank test). A significant correlation was found between these both variables (p=0.025 and rho=0.238) with slightly moderate positive relationship. To sum up, farmworkers with higher PON1 activity may have a better chance of detoxifying the acute effect of OPs exposure. A further research is needed to identify correlation between PON1 activity, levels of thyroid hormones, and OPs metabolites in urine.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48394256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v11i4.2019.293-299
Erini Meilina Bestari
Benzene exposure to mechanic workers came from contact with gasoline and oil. Source of exposure benzene is entering the human body through breathing, skin, and mouth. Then it would be distributed into the bone marrow. So, the cell processes in the blood were disrupted. The purpose of this study was to determine the source of benzene, characteristics and hemoglobin levels of mechanical workers. This research was an observational study, using a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study were 20 mechanical workers, taken randomly by simple random sampling. Blood samples were taken to measure hemoglobin levels and a questionnaire to see mechanical characteristics, such as age, length of work, years of service, a habit of washing hands with gasoline, smoke habits, and body armor. Data analyzed descriptively. There was a source of benzene in the work environment such as gasoline, motor vehicle fumes, gasoline vapor, oil, used oil, and majun. Characteristics of the mechanical workers have the habit of washing hands with gasoline after contact with oil by 75% and all mechanical workers have normal hemoglobin levels. Mechanics are advised to wash their hands with soap and water after each work without using gasoline, and as well as holding socialization related to occupational health and safety.
{"title":"Source of Benzene, Characteristics and Hemoglobin Levels of AHASS Mechanical Workers at Kediri City","authors":"Erini Meilina Bestari","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v11i4.2019.293-299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v11i4.2019.293-299","url":null,"abstract":"Benzene exposure to mechanic workers came from contact with gasoline and oil. Source of exposure benzene is entering the human body through breathing, skin, and mouth. Then it would be distributed into the bone marrow. So, the cell processes in the blood were disrupted. The purpose of this study was to determine the source of benzene, characteristics and hemoglobin levels of mechanical workers. This research was an observational study, using a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study were 20 mechanical workers, taken randomly by simple random sampling. Blood samples were taken to measure hemoglobin levels and a questionnaire to see mechanical characteristics, such as age, length of work, years of service, a habit of washing hands with gasoline, smoke habits, and body armor. Data analyzed descriptively. There was a source of benzene in the work environment such as gasoline, motor vehicle fumes, gasoline vapor, oil, used oil, and majun. Characteristics of the mechanical workers have the habit of washing hands with gasoline after contact with oil by 75% and all mechanical workers have normal hemoglobin levels. Mechanics are advised to wash their hands with soap and water after each work without using gasoline, and as well as holding socialization related to occupational health and safety.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48675346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bongakaraeng Bongakaraeng, Aulia T. Moo, Suwarja Suwarja
The Tondano watershed rehabilitation project is a project that consists of the construction of embankments and roads along the Tondano river. This project activity can cause air pollution, which has the potential to affect the occurrence of public health problems, especially the occurrence of lung capacity disorders. From the results of the preliminary service, it was found that some people complained of frequent coughing, runny nose and shortness of breath. Based on this fact, research was conducted on the effect of dust on the disruption of the lung capacity of the community. This research is a descriptive study. The samples in this study were 26 people. The instrument used to measure lung capacity is a spirometer. The variables studied were Das Tondano Rehabilitation Project Dust levels and Lung Capacity. The results showed that the level of dust in the study area around the Das Tondano rehabilitation project site in Environment 4 of Karame Sub-district was the value of dust content at point I 266 μg / m3, point II 644 μg / m3, point III 488 μg / m3. Average value of 466 µg / m3. above the PP 41/2009 quality standard of 230 μg / m3. From the measurement of lung capacity, the incidence of lung capacity is 4 people (15.4%). In the project initiator to carry out regular ambient air quality monitoring around the Das Tondano rehabilitation project and efforts to control air pollution by carrying out road pollution every day.
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Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v11i4.2019.319-330
Alchamdani Alchamdani
Gas station workers played an important role in providing fuel needs in the community for the transportation system to run smoothly. The higher motor vehicle user, the intensity of refueling also increases. They were at high risk of being exposed to hazardous pollutants from both vehicle emissions and fuel vapors. Although NO2 and SO2 had non-carcinogenic effects, they are still irritants that cause chronic airway disorders. This study aims to analyze the health risks experienced by gas station workers due to NO2 and SO2 exposure in Kendari City. This research was a Quantitative Descriptive study with Environmental Health Risk Method Analysis. The number of samples was 13 operators chosen with total sampling. Measurement of NO2 and SO2 concentrations were carried out in the morning, afternoon and evening. The results of this study showed the highest intake value obtained for NO2 (real-time) was 0.00635 mg/kg/day and SO2 (real-time) 0.00057 mg/kg/day. The highest risk level obtained for NO2 is 0,31775 (RQ<1) and SO2 0,00275 (RQ<1). The conclusion of this study is the quality of ambient air NO2 and SO2 at SPBU 74,931.10 is still safe and meets the National Ambient Air Quality Standard in a short time. But otherwise, it will be at high risk for health if the operator was exposed for a long time and continuously. It should be made an effort to monitor and control air pollution. As well as the policy of using Personal Protective Equipment to minimizing exposure to ambient pollutants.
{"title":"NO2 and SO2 Exposure to Gas Station Workers Health Risk in Kendari City","authors":"Alchamdani Alchamdani","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v11i4.2019.319-330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v11i4.2019.319-330","url":null,"abstract":"Gas station workers played an important role in providing fuel needs in the community for the transportation system to run smoothly. The higher motor vehicle user, the intensity of refueling also increases. They were at high risk of being exposed to hazardous pollutants from both vehicle emissions and fuel vapors. Although NO2 and SO2 had non-carcinogenic effects, they are still irritants that cause chronic airway disorders. This study aims to analyze the health risks experienced by gas station workers due to NO2 and SO2 exposure in Kendari City. This research was a Quantitative Descriptive study with Environmental Health Risk Method Analysis. The number of samples was 13 operators chosen with total sampling. Measurement of NO2 and SO2 concentrations were carried out in the morning, afternoon and evening. The results of this study showed the highest intake value obtained for NO2 (real-time) was 0.00635 mg/kg/day and SO2 (real-time) 0.00057 mg/kg/day. The highest risk level obtained for NO2 is 0,31775 (RQ<1) and SO2 0,00275 (RQ<1). The conclusion of this study is the quality of ambient air NO2 and SO2 at SPBU 74,931.10 is still safe and meets the National Ambient Air Quality Standard in a short time. But otherwise, it will be at high risk for health if the operator was exposed for a long time and continuously. It should be made an effort to monitor and control air pollution. As well as the policy of using Personal Protective Equipment to minimizing exposure to ambient pollutants.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43257294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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