Pub Date : 2022-01-26DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v14i1.2022.55-62
B. Rachmat, Anton Kristanto, T. Sondari
Introduction: Worker behavior of handwashing with soap in the informal sector has rarely not been studied in Indonesia. This study was conducted to determine factors related to the quality of handwashing performed by workers in the formal and informal sectors in Indonesia. Methods: The research used secondary data from Indonesia Basic Health Research. The research design was cross-sectional, and a total sample included was 421,404 workers at the productive age of 15-64 years across 34 provinces in Indonesia. The data collected included age, gender, marital status, education, place of residence, occupation, and handwashing practice. The determinants were identified using binary logistic regression. Results and Discussion: Results showed that 1.9% of workers did not wash their hands, and 35.0% only washed their hands with water; most of them worked in the informal sector (77.5%). Regarding the characteristics of workers, age (OR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.14–1.21), gender (OR=1.23; 95% CI: 0.93–0.99), education (OR=2.07; 95% CI: 2.01–2.14), and formal workplace (OR=1.43; 95% CI: 1.40-1.46) were mostly related to the quality of handwashing. Conclusion: The government is expected to formulate a structured policy in educating the workers, especially for male, young (15-24 years), low educated, and informal workers, about good handwashing. This study recommends that the government should use the current research findings to target proper population for the policy implementation.
{"title":"Quality of Handwashing in Informal Workers in Indonesia","authors":"B. Rachmat, Anton Kristanto, T. Sondari","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v14i1.2022.55-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v14i1.2022.55-62","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Worker behavior of handwashing with soap in the informal sector has rarely not been studied in Indonesia. This study was conducted to determine factors related to the quality of handwashing performed by workers in the formal and informal sectors in Indonesia. Methods: The research used secondary data from Indonesia Basic Health Research. The research design was cross-sectional, and a total sample included was 421,404 workers at the productive age of 15-64 years across 34 provinces in Indonesia. The data collected included age, gender, marital status, education, place of residence, occupation, and handwashing practice. The determinants were identified using binary logistic regression. Results and Discussion: Results showed that 1.9% of workers did not wash their hands, and 35.0% only washed their hands with water; most of them worked in the informal sector (77.5%). Regarding the characteristics of workers, age (OR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.14–1.21), gender (OR=1.23; 95% CI: 0.93–0.99), education (OR=2.07; 95% CI: 2.01–2.14), and formal workplace (OR=1.43; 95% CI: 1.40-1.46) were mostly related to the quality of handwashing. Conclusion: The government is expected to formulate a structured policy in educating the workers, especially for male, young (15-24 years), low educated, and informal workers, about good handwashing. This study recommends that the government should use the current research findings to target proper population for the policy implementation.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45319936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-26DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v14i1.2022.27-36
S. Suhartono, A. Kartini, B. Budiyono, Y. Darundiati
Introduction: Gestational Hypertension (GH) and Pre-eclampsia (PE) are the leading causes of maternal death. Exposure to lead from the environment, especially agricultural activities, may cause pregnant women to suffer from GH and PE. GH/ PE may occur through oxidative stress mechanisms and progressive endothelial damage. Brebes District is one of the areas with the highest Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Central Java where the occurrence of GH/PE was a lot. This study aimed to analyze the differences in Blood Lead Levels (BLL) in pregnant women with GH/PE and normal pregnant women in Brebes District. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. By selecting and applying inclusion criteria, 18 subjects were selected for the GH/PE group (case group), and 46 subjects were selected for the normotension group (control group). Measurement of BLL was carried out using the Atomic-Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Some of the statistical methods used were independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test, multivariate logistic regression test, and Rank-Spearman correlation test. The risk estimate was calculated from the Odds-Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Results and Discussion: The median value and range of the BLL in the case and control groups were 40.20 g/dL (15.50-89.20) and 32.75 g/dL (3.60-42.80), respectively (p = 0.011). Pregnant women with the BLL of ≥ 35.15 g/dL had eight times the risk of experiencing GH/PE (Adj-OR = 8.1; 95% CI = 1.7-39.0). Exposure to lead will increase the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), resulting in oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in addition to increasing the blood pressure. Conclusion: The BLL in pregnant women with GH/PE is higher than women with normal pregnancy, and the BLL in the high category is a risk factor for GH/PE.
妊娠期高血压(GH)和先兆子痫(PE)是孕产妇死亡的主要原因。暴露于环境中的铅，特别是农业活动中的铅，可能会导致孕妇患上生长激素和PE。GH/ PE可能通过氧化应激机制和进行性内皮损伤发生。布雷布县是中爪哇孕产妇死亡率最高的地区之一，GH/PE的发生率很高。本研究旨在分析布雷布地区GH/PE孕妇与正常孕妇血铅水平(BLL)的差异。方法:本研究采用横断面设计。通过选择和应用纳入标准，GH/PE组18例(病例组)，正常血压组46例(对照组)。BLL的测定采用原子吸收光谱法。采用的统计方法有独立t检验、Mann-Whitney检验、卡方检验、多元logistic回归检验、Rank-Spearman相关检验等。通过比值比(OR)和95%置信区间(CI)计算风险估计值。结果与讨论:病例组和对照组BLL的中位值和范围分别为40.20 g/dL(15.50 ~ 89.20)和32.75 g/dL(3.60 ~ 42.80)，差异有统计学意义(p = 0.011)。BLL≥35.15 g/dL的孕妇发生GH/PE的风险是其8倍(jj - or = 8.1;95% ci = 1.7-39.0)。暴露于铅会增加活性氧(ROS)的产生，导致氧化应激和内皮功能障碍，除了增加血压。结论:GH/PE孕妇BLL高于正常妊娠，BLL偏高是GH/PE的危险因素。
{"title":"The Differences in Blood Lead Levels in Women with Gestational Hypertension or Pre-Eclampsia and Women with Normal Pregnancy (A Study in the North Coast of Java, Brebes District)","authors":"S. Suhartono, A. Kartini, B. Budiyono, Y. Darundiati","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v14i1.2022.27-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v14i1.2022.27-36","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Gestational Hypertension (GH) and Pre-eclampsia (PE) are the leading causes of maternal death. Exposure to lead from the environment, especially agricultural activities, may cause pregnant women to suffer from GH and PE. GH/ PE may occur through oxidative stress mechanisms and progressive endothelial damage. Brebes District is one of the areas with the highest Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Central Java where the occurrence of GH/PE was a lot. This study aimed to analyze the differences in Blood Lead Levels (BLL) in pregnant women with GH/PE and normal pregnant women in Brebes District. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. By selecting and applying inclusion criteria, 18 subjects were selected for the GH/PE group (case group), and 46 subjects were selected for the normotension group (control group). Measurement of BLL was carried out using the Atomic-Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Some of the statistical methods used were independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test, multivariate logistic regression test, and Rank-Spearman correlation test. The risk estimate was calculated from the Odds-Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Results and Discussion: The median value and range of the BLL in the case and control groups were 40.20 g/dL (15.50-89.20) and 32.75 g/dL (3.60-42.80), respectively (p = 0.011). Pregnant women with the BLL of ≥ 35.15 g/dL had eight times the risk of experiencing GH/PE (Adj-OR = 8.1; 95% CI = 1.7-39.0). Exposure to lead will increase the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), resulting in oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in addition to increasing the blood pressure. Conclusion: The BLL in pregnant women with GH/PE is higher than women with normal pregnancy, and the BLL in the high category is a risk factor for GH/PE.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46110682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-26DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v14i1.2022.63-70
D. Anggraini, Kusuma Secorpia Lestari
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 is a new variant of virus that attacks the human respiratory tract which was declared by WHO as a Covid19 pandemic. Covid19 transmission through solid surfaces, air, and waste occurring in hospital areas require disinfection and sanitation monitoring to ensure that new clusters are not created and outpatients are not infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus in hospitals. Discussion: Using literature review method, 11 relevant articles that meet the inclusion criteria were selected. In the results of the study, there was a collection of samples in the solid surfaces, air and waste in both medical and non-medical areas containing SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The common objects where SARS-CoV-2 was discovered include doorknobs, toilet bowls, toilet flush buttons, and medical devices. In non-medical areas, the objects include computer keyboards, mice, and monitors. Chlorine-based disinfection for surfaces, monitoring in environmental sanitation by changing pillow and bedsheets and cleaning tables regularly were subsequently implemented. Conclusion: The implementation of environmental sanitation and disinfection is effective in eliminating the SARS-CoV-2 virus in hospitals. Studies indicated that disinfection is 95% to 99.99% effective in eliminating the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In addition, the SARS-CoV-2 virus was not discovered in isolation rooms but was located in other public hospital areas.
{"title":"Implementation of Environmental Sanitation and Disinfection in Hospitals to Reduce the Spread of Covid19: A Literature Review","authors":"D. Anggraini, Kusuma Secorpia Lestari","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v14i1.2022.63-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v14i1.2022.63-70","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 is a new variant of virus that attacks the human respiratory tract which was declared by WHO as a Covid19 pandemic. Covid19 transmission through solid surfaces, air, and waste occurring in hospital areas require disinfection and sanitation monitoring to ensure that new clusters are not created and outpatients are not infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus in hospitals. Discussion: Using literature review method, 11 relevant articles that meet the inclusion criteria were selected. In the results of the study, there was a collection of samples in the solid surfaces, air and waste in both medical and non-medical areas containing SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The common objects where SARS-CoV-2 was discovered include doorknobs, toilet bowls, toilet flush buttons, and medical devices. In non-medical areas, the objects include computer keyboards, mice, and monitors. Chlorine-based disinfection for surfaces, monitoring in environmental sanitation by changing pillow and bedsheets and cleaning tables regularly were subsequently implemented. Conclusion: The implementation of environmental sanitation and disinfection is effective in eliminating the SARS-CoV-2 virus in hospitals. Studies indicated that disinfection is 95% to 99.99% effective in eliminating the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In addition, the SARS-CoV-2 virus was not discovered in isolation rooms but was located in other public hospital areas.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44845217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-26DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v14i1.2022.45-54
I'anatul Ulya Dewi, R. Azizah, Z. Husnina, A. Sumantri, N. Qomariah, Suhariono Suhariono, S. N. A. Jauharoh, Mohd Talib Latif
Introduction: Hospitals are institutions that produce liquid waste that may pollute the environment and have a dangerous impact on health. Hospital waste has the potential to contain hazardous chemicals, pharmaceutical waste, radioactivity and microbiological pathogens in liquid waste that can pollute the environment and disrupt the balance of the ecosystem. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) and the quality of the liquid waste at the Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. Methods: This research was a quantitative descriptive study using secondary data from laboratory analysis of wastewater inlet and outlet of The Central Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital for the January-December 2020 period. Effectiveness was obtained by calculating the difference between the inlet and outlet values of each parameter divided by the inlet value multiplied by 100%. Results and Discussion: WWTP in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya used a central WWTP which had 3 (three) units, namely WWTP Sequence Batch Reactor (SBR), WWTP Membrane Biostrain Reactor (MBR) and WWTP Aerobic Biofilter which aims to improve the quality of liquid waste. Based on the results of the research analysis, it has been found that hospital wastewater treatment using a central WWTP system is effective for reducing the levels of parameters, namely Total Suspended Solid (TSS) by 60.55%, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) by 72.52%, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) by 54.02%, Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3N) by 90.91%, Phospate (PO4) by 71.43%, bacteria group E. Coli by 99.93%. The temperature and Potential of Hydrogen (pH) parameters recorded at the outlet are in accordance with the established quality standards. Conclusion: The three WWTP units used in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital are able to treat liquid waste effectively. Liquid waste at each outlet parameter is in accordance with East Java Governor Regulation No. 72 of 2013 concerning quality standards for health facilities waste water, so that the effects of contamination on the environment can be minimized.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Wastewater Treatment Installation and Liquid Waste Quality in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya","authors":"I'anatul Ulya Dewi, R. Azizah, Z. Husnina, A. Sumantri, N. Qomariah, Suhariono Suhariono, S. N. A. Jauharoh, Mohd Talib Latif","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v14i1.2022.45-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v14i1.2022.45-54","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hospitals are institutions that produce liquid waste that may pollute the environment and have a dangerous impact on health. Hospital waste has the potential to contain hazardous chemicals, pharmaceutical waste, radioactivity and microbiological pathogens in liquid waste that can pollute the environment and disrupt the balance of the ecosystem. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) and the quality of the liquid waste at the Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. Methods: This research was a quantitative descriptive study using secondary data from laboratory analysis of wastewater inlet and outlet of The Central Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital for the January-December 2020 period. Effectiveness was obtained by calculating the difference between the inlet and outlet values of each parameter divided by the inlet value multiplied by 100%. Results and Discussion: WWTP in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya used a central WWTP which had 3 (three) units, namely WWTP Sequence Batch Reactor (SBR), WWTP Membrane Biostrain Reactor (MBR) and WWTP Aerobic Biofilter which aims to improve the quality of liquid waste. Based on the results of the research analysis, it has been found that hospital wastewater treatment using a central WWTP system is effective for reducing the levels of parameters, namely Total Suspended Solid (TSS) by 60.55%, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) by 72.52%, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) by 54.02%, Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3N) by 90.91%, Phospate (PO4) by 71.43%, bacteria group E. Coli by 99.93%. The temperature and Potential of Hydrogen (pH) parameters recorded at the outlet are in accordance with the established quality standards. Conclusion: The three WWTP units used in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital are able to treat liquid waste effectively. Liquid waste at each outlet parameter is in accordance with East Java Governor Regulation No. 72 of 2013 concerning quality standards for health facilities waste water, so that the effects of contamination on the environment can be minimized.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49306264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-30DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v13i4.2021.241-249
Asmiani Asmiani, Y. Windusari, H. Hasyim
Introduction: Until the end of 2020, West Bangka Regency was the only one that has not been certified for malaria elimination, so that it has an impact on achieving malaria elimination at the provincial level of Bangka Belitung. The West Bangka Regency's Electronic Malaria Surveillance Information System (E-SISMAL) showed eight indigenous malaria cases and no malaria vector control reports in 2020. The indigenous cases in West Bangka Regency have prevented malaria elimination. This study aims to evaluate malaria vector control to help eliminate malaria. Methods: This research was a qualitative evaluation study with selected informants. E-SISMAL in West Bangka Regency was studied and was analysed with Nvivo 12 Plus for Windows. The variables studied were context, input, process, and product. Focus groups, in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and photovoice were used to collect data. Results and Discussion: The area's topography, miner's behaviour, lack of manual vector reporting, and extensive ex-mining pits were discussed. Each evaluation variable was constrained by the process (supporting data collection and sub-variables) and product (data coverage of malaria vector control in E-SISMAL). Conclusion: It can be concluded that each evaluation variable constrains malaria vector control in West Bangka Regency.
简介：直到2020年底，西邦卡县是唯一一个没有获得消除疟疾认证的县，因此它对邦卡-贝利东省级消除疟疾产生了影响。西邦卡县的电子疟疾监测信息系统（E-ISMAL）显示，2020年有8例本土疟疾病例，没有疟疾病媒控制报告。西邦卡县的土著病例阻止了疟疾的消除。本研究旨在评估疟疾媒介控制，以帮助消除疟疾。方法：本研究是一项定性评估研究，选取了一些知情者。对West Bangka Regency的E-ISMAL进行了研究，并用Nvivo 12 Plus for Windows进行了分析。研究的变量包括上下文、输入、过程和产品。采用焦点小组、深入访谈、参与式观察和摄影语音等方法收集数据。结果和讨论：讨论了该地区的地形、矿工的行为、缺乏手动矢量报告以及大量的露天矿坑。每个评估变量都受到过程（支持数据收集和子变量）和产品（E-ISMAL中疟疾病媒控制的数据覆盖率）的约束。结论：可以得出结论，每个评价变量都制约着西邦卡县的疟疾媒介控制。
{"title":"Malaria Vector Control and the Electronic Malaria Surveillance Information System (E-SISMAL) in Bangka Barat Regency Indonesia","authors":"Asmiani Asmiani, Y. Windusari, H. Hasyim","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v13i4.2021.241-249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v13i4.2021.241-249","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Until the end of 2020, West Bangka Regency was the only one that has not been certified for malaria elimination, so that it has an impact on achieving malaria elimination at the provincial level of Bangka Belitung. The West Bangka Regency's Electronic Malaria Surveillance Information System (E-SISMAL) showed eight indigenous malaria cases and no malaria vector control reports in 2020. The indigenous cases in West Bangka Regency have prevented malaria elimination. This study aims to evaluate malaria vector control to help eliminate malaria. Methods: This research was a qualitative evaluation study with selected informants. E-SISMAL in West Bangka Regency was studied and was analysed with Nvivo 12 Plus for Windows. The variables studied were context, input, process, and product. Focus groups, in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and photovoice were used to collect data. Results and Discussion: The area's topography, miner's behaviour, lack of manual vector reporting, and extensive ex-mining pits were discussed. Each evaluation variable was constrained by the process (supporting data collection and sub-variables) and product (data coverage of malaria vector control in E-SISMAL). Conclusion: It can be concluded that each evaluation variable constrains malaria vector control in West Bangka Regency.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42836564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-30DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v13i4.2021.199-203
Taufik Imadudin, Z. Husnina, R. Adriyani
Introduction: Diarrhea incidence in children under five increases by 11% in Indonesia during 2013 - 2018 that could be driven by poor environmental sanitation. This study examined the relationship between environmental sanitation with diarrhea incidence in children under five. Methods: This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional design and used a total sampling technique of 81 underfive children. Primary data were collected by conducting interviews with parents using a structured questionnaire guideline and observation, including the source of drinking water, availability of healthy latrine, floor condition, and lighting. A Chi-square test (α = 0.05) was conducted to analyse the relationship between variables. Results and Discussion: There was a significant correlation between household sanitation and diarrhea incidence in under-five children (p = 0.040; PR = 1.202 [95% CI 0.987 – 1.463]). Conclusion: Poor household sanitation can be a driving factor in diarrhea incidence in under-five children, where households categorised as good sanitation have 1.2 times lower risk than poor sanitation
{"title":"Household Sanitation as a Diarrhea Driving Factor of Under-Five Children in Bojonegoro Regency","authors":"Taufik Imadudin, Z. Husnina, R. Adriyani","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v13i4.2021.199-203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v13i4.2021.199-203","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diarrhea incidence in children under five increases by 11% in Indonesia during 2013 - 2018 that could be driven by poor environmental sanitation. This study examined the relationship between environmental sanitation with diarrhea incidence in children under five. Methods: This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional design and used a total sampling technique of 81 underfive children. Primary data were collected by conducting interviews with parents using a structured questionnaire guideline and observation, including the source of drinking water, availability of healthy latrine, floor condition, and lighting. A Chi-square test (α = 0.05) was conducted to analyse the relationship between variables. Results and Discussion: There was a significant correlation between household sanitation and diarrhea incidence in under-five children (p = 0.040; PR = 1.202 [95% CI 0.987 – 1.463]). Conclusion: Poor household sanitation can be a driving factor in diarrhea incidence in under-five children, where households categorised as good sanitation have 1.2 times lower risk than poor sanitation","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45665825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-30DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v13i4.2021.193-198
Y. A. Mirasa, E. Winarti, A. Setiawan, Olievia Rachma Akhsani
Introduction: Anthrax was a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis in several regions of Indonesia. Transmission of anthrax in animals and humans occurred by direct contact with anthrax spores present in meat, soil, or plants. This study aimed to analyse the risk factors and recommend preventive action for anthrax transmission. Methods: This research used a descriptiveanalytic study to describing cases based on the case definition, primary data, and secondary data. The primary data were collected from the field observations and interviews with farmers and people in the community. The secondary data were obtained from the Pacitan District Health Office and Surabaya Technical Centre for Environmental Health and Disease Control. Data analysis of this study applied content analysis techniques that describe the actual situation of the community. Results and Discussion: Risk factors for anthrax transmission in Pacitan Regency included livestock traffic from endemic anthrax areas and lacked public knowledge about anthrax disease, rainfall, and topography. Conclusion: Anthrax disease control measurements include surveillance and investigation periodically, treatment of the suspected livestock, vaccination, disinfection, and socialisation. The government needs to control livestock traffic by providing proper regulation. Also, the public might improve knowledge and awareness with their livestock
{"title":"Risk Factors of Anthrax Transmission in Pacitan Regency","authors":"Y. A. Mirasa, E. Winarti, A. Setiawan, Olievia Rachma Akhsani","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v13i4.2021.193-198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v13i4.2021.193-198","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anthrax was a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis in several regions of Indonesia. Transmission of anthrax in animals and humans occurred by direct contact with anthrax spores present in meat, soil, or plants. This study aimed to analyse the risk factors and recommend preventive action for anthrax transmission. Methods: This research used a descriptiveanalytic study to describing cases based on the case definition, primary data, and secondary data. The primary data were collected from the field observations and interviews with farmers and people in the community. The secondary data were obtained from the Pacitan District Health Office and Surabaya Technical Centre for Environmental Health and Disease Control. Data analysis of this study applied content analysis techniques that describe the actual situation of the community. Results and Discussion: Risk factors for anthrax transmission in Pacitan Regency included livestock traffic from endemic anthrax areas and lacked public knowledge about anthrax disease, rainfall, and topography. Conclusion: Anthrax disease control measurements include surveillance and investigation periodically, treatment of the suspected livestock, vaccination, disinfection, and socialisation. The government needs to control livestock traffic by providing proper regulation. Also, the public might improve knowledge and awareness with their livestock","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46675423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-30DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v13i4.2021.219-226
Shara Nuzila Ramadhani, Mohd Talib Latif
Introduction: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a zoonotic disease that is most wary because the cases reported by WHO increased quite drastically from 2.4 million cases to 5.2 million cases in 2010-2019 globally. In 2020, the DHF rate increased by 953,476, and the majority occurred in tropical countries. In response to this, WHO emphasized that climate and weather variables can play an important role in predicting the DHF outbreak. This article was written to find out the impact of climate change on the incidence of DHF. Discussion: The literature review method was used in writing this article by utilizing article searches in online databases, namely PubMed, DOAJ, Proquest, and Science Direct. Amount 11 articles related to the title have been selected as literacy materials. Climatic variables consisting of temperature, rainfall, and humidity have the potential to increase the incidence of DHF. Conclusion: It can be concluded that climate change indicators can affect the breeding place of the Aedes aegypty, making the various incidence of DHF cases in tropical or subtropical countries. This can be an early warning for each region always to carry out active surveillance in detecting the risk of increasing DHF cases in certain weather.
{"title":"Impact of Climate Change on Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Tropical Countries: A Literature Review","authors":"Shara Nuzila Ramadhani, Mohd Talib Latif","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v13i4.2021.219-226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v13i4.2021.219-226","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a zoonotic disease that is most wary because the cases reported by WHO increased quite drastically from 2.4 million cases to 5.2 million cases in 2010-2019 globally. In 2020, the DHF rate increased by 953,476, and the majority occurred in tropical countries. In response to this, WHO emphasized that climate and weather variables can play an important role in predicting the DHF outbreak. This article was written to find out the impact of climate change on the incidence of DHF. Discussion: The literature review method was used in writing this article by utilizing article searches in online databases, namely PubMed, DOAJ, Proquest, and Science Direct. Amount 11 articles related to the title have been selected as literacy materials. Climatic variables consisting of temperature, rainfall, and humidity have the potential to increase the incidence of DHF. Conclusion: It can be concluded that climate change indicators can affect the breeding place of the Aedes aegypty, making the various incidence of DHF cases in tropical or subtropical countries. This can be an early warning for each region always to carry out active surveillance in detecting the risk of increasing DHF cases in certain weather.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45106187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-30DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v13i4.2021.227-240
Farah Zahira, K. S. Lestari, A. Aris
Introduction: Numerous studies have been conducted regarding persistent organic pollutants (POPs) concentrations in human biological matrices such as blood, breast milk, urine, and hair that cause adverse health effects such as breast cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to determine the POPs presence in human specimens in household settings. Discussion: A total of 28 articles were included in this study with the criteria published in 2016- 2021, original research articles, free full text available, and studied at least one of the confounding variables of POPs levels in human specimens. The narrative method was selected to synthesize this study. Grouping articles with similar results was carried out to respond to research questions. This study discovered that age, dietary habits, BMI, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking status, physical activities, residency, household dust, and industry emissions were associated with POPs levels in human specimens. Conclusion: This study concluded that each determinant could not affect the POPs levels in the human specimens on its own since those determinants are influenced by each other. Future research using systematic literature review and meta-analysis is therefore strongly advised.
{"title":"Determinants of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Levels in Human Specimens: A Review","authors":"Farah Zahira, K. S. Lestari, A. Aris","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v13i4.2021.227-240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v13i4.2021.227-240","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Numerous studies have been conducted regarding persistent organic pollutants (POPs) concentrations in human biological matrices such as blood, breast milk, urine, and hair that cause adverse health effects such as breast cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to determine the POPs presence in human specimens in household settings. Discussion: A total of 28 articles were included in this study with the criteria published in 2016- 2021, original research articles, free full text available, and studied at least one of the confounding variables of POPs levels in human specimens. The narrative method was selected to synthesize this study. Grouping articles with similar results was carried out to respond to research questions. This study discovered that age, dietary habits, BMI, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking status, physical activities, residency, household dust, and industry emissions were associated with POPs levels in human specimens. Conclusion: This study concluded that each determinant could not affect the POPs levels in the human specimens on its own since those determinants are influenced by each other. Future research using systematic literature review and meta-analysis is therefore strongly advised.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46144693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-30DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v13i4.2021.204-210
Maksuk - Maksuk, Sherli - Shobur, S. Suzanna
Introduction: Carbamate is one of the most widely used pesticides in paddy field areas, which causes environmental pollution and human health problems. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the health risks of carbamate exposure in communities around paddy fields areas. Methods: This was an observational analysis study conducted using the health risk assessment approach. There were 20 samples of waterway streams from 10 sites observed in the morning (at high tide) and evening (at low tide) taken using a grab sampling method. The parameters of the waterway streams river, such as pH and temperature, were measured on-site using a pH meter and portable thermometer, while the carbamate concentration was analysed in the laboratory using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results and Discussion: The active ingredients of carbamate pesticides that observed as follows: aldicarb (0 – 0.05 mg/l), carbaryl (0 – 0.01 mg/l), carbofuran (0-0.005 mg/l), and propoxur (0-0.001 mg/l). While the pH (6.4 – 7.5) and temperature (22.1 – 32.4oC). The potential exposure of Aldicarb in grown-up and kids were 0.042 and 0.077 mg/kg bodyweight-day, respectively. Furthermore, the potential exposure of carbofuran in Grown-ups and kids were 0.004 and 0.01 mg/kg bodyweight-day, respectively. Only the carbofuran exposure in kids has a rate of RQ > 1, which is unsafe or can cause non-carcinogenic effects in the next 30 years. Conclusion: Although the carbamate concentrations in waterway streams around paddy field areas were below the quality standard, it is not safe. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out risk management and communication with local policymakers.
{"title":"Health Risk Due to Carbamate Exposure in Communities Around Paddy Field Areas","authors":"Maksuk - Maksuk, Sherli - Shobur, S. Suzanna","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v13i4.2021.204-210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v13i4.2021.204-210","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Carbamate is one of the most widely used pesticides in paddy field areas, which causes environmental pollution and human health problems. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the health risks of carbamate exposure in communities around paddy fields areas. Methods: This was an observational analysis study conducted using the health risk assessment approach. There were 20 samples of waterway streams from 10 sites observed in the morning (at high tide) and evening (at low tide) taken using a grab sampling method. The parameters of the waterway streams river, such as pH and temperature, were measured on-site using a pH meter and portable thermometer, while the carbamate concentration was analysed in the laboratory using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results and Discussion: The active ingredients of carbamate pesticides that observed as follows: aldicarb (0 – 0.05 mg/l), carbaryl (0 – 0.01 mg/l), carbofuran (0-0.005 mg/l), and propoxur (0-0.001 mg/l). While the pH (6.4 – 7.5) and temperature (22.1 – 32.4oC). The potential exposure of Aldicarb in grown-up and kids were 0.042 and 0.077 mg/kg bodyweight-day, respectively. Furthermore, the potential exposure of carbofuran in Grown-ups and kids were 0.004 and 0.01 mg/kg bodyweight-day, respectively. Only the carbofuran exposure in kids has a rate of RQ > 1, which is unsafe or can cause non-carcinogenic effects in the next 30 years. Conclusion: Although the carbamate concentrations in waterway streams around paddy field areas were below the quality standard, it is not safe. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out risk management and communication with local policymakers.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48877489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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