Introduction: Water territories produce a large number of biota worldwide. The imbalance in conserving aquatic ecosystems, along with the increasing disposal of waste into the environment, has resulted in the risk of contamination of the environment and the resulting biota. The dangers of waste disposal into water can destroy the ecosystem and affect the usability of water for the environment and human beings. Discussion: The PRISMA method was used in this literature review, which examined 35 articles: 23 articles from ScienceDirect, 10 articles from Proquest, and 2 articles from PubMed. Data were analyzed by synthesizing the research variables compared with theory and then presented in the form of tables and figures. The results of this study are presented with a complete narrative description of three sub-discussions, which consisted of the characteristics of microplastics in green mussels (color, shape, size, and abundance). The color was acquired in the dark, with the predominant form of fibers <1 mm in size, which determined the amount of microplastics in green mussels induced by both human and industrial activities, as well as countermeasures through filtration of industrial effluents, the utilization of organic plastics, and policy enforcement. Conclusion: Microplastics found in green mussels in Asian waters vary in their characteristics, with the main determinants of human and industrial activities as well as multi-sectoral countermeasures.
{"title":"Microplastic Pollution in Green Shells in Aquatic Ecosystems: A Literature Review of Determinant Factors and Management","authors":"Globila Nurika, Hilda Nur Abidah, Edza Aria Wikurendra, Farida Wahyu Ningtyias","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.257-266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.257-266","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Water territories produce a large number of biota worldwide. The imbalance in conserving aquatic ecosystems, along with the increasing disposal of waste into the environment, has resulted in the risk of contamination of the environment and the resulting biota. The dangers of waste disposal into water can destroy the ecosystem and affect the usability of water for the environment and human beings. Discussion: The PRISMA method was used in this literature review, which examined 35 articles: 23 articles from ScienceDirect, 10 articles from Proquest, and 2 articles from PubMed. Data were analyzed by synthesizing the research variables compared with theory and then presented in the form of tables and figures. The results of this study are presented with a complete narrative description of three sub-discussions, which consisted of the characteristics of microplastics in green mussels (color, shape, size, and abundance). The color was acquired in the dark, with the predominant form of fibers <1 mm in size, which determined the amount of microplastics in green mussels induced by both human and industrial activities, as well as countermeasures through filtration of industrial effluents, the utilization of organic plastics, and policy enforcement. Conclusion: Microplastics found in green mussels in Asian waters vary in their characteristics, with the main determinants of human and industrial activities as well as multi-sectoral countermeasures.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":"244 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135977681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.300-308
Naila Afnaniya, Aris Santjaka, Bahri Bahri
Introduction: Magelang District received a malaria elimination certificate in 2014. No cases found at Borobudur Health Center since 2009 but in October 2021, there was a spike in the number of patients, with 38 instances spread across Giripurno Village, Giritengah Village, and Majaksingi Village. Therefore, it is necessary to study the dynamics of malaria transmission so that the methods of malaria transmission are known to prevent extraordinary malaria cases. Methods: This is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. This study was conducted in 2023 by reviewing cases from 2021–2022. The respondents in this study included 38 people with malaria. This research uses descriptive analysis assisted by GIS applications to determine the distribution of malaria cases. Results and Discussion: Data processing results for 38 respondents in three villages revealed 23 index cases. Of the 23 cases, nine were within a radius of no more than 400 m and occurred within three days, thus including cluster classification. Theoretically, the same vector transmits it and has a high vectorial capacity. The other 15 patients were suspected to have secondary cases, with two transferred from the first case. The results of the breeding place survey or the potential breeding place after rearing revealed the species Anopheles balabacensis. Other predictors of malaria transmission are optimal temperature and humidity, environment, livestock places to rest mosquitoes, and patient behavior that causes a high frequency of mosquitoes biting humans. Conclusion: In this case, the transmission model was a cluster, and 100% of the cases were indigenous.
{"title":"Analysis of Malaria Transmission Dynamics at Borobudur Health Center, Magelang Regency (Case Study 2021-2022)","authors":"Naila Afnaniya, Aris Santjaka, Bahri Bahri","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.300-308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.300-308","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Magelang District received a malaria elimination certificate in 2014. No cases found at Borobudur Health Center since 2009 but in October 2021, there was a spike in the number of patients, with 38 instances spread across Giripurno Village, Giritengah Village, and Majaksingi Village. Therefore, it is necessary to study the dynamics of malaria transmission so that the methods of malaria transmission are known to prevent extraordinary malaria cases. Methods: This is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. This study was conducted in 2023 by reviewing cases from 2021–2022. The respondents in this study included 38 people with malaria. This research uses descriptive analysis assisted by GIS applications to determine the distribution of malaria cases. Results and Discussion: Data processing results for 38 respondents in three villages revealed 23 index cases. Of the 23 cases, nine were within a radius of no more than 400 m and occurred within three days, thus including cluster classification. Theoretically, the same vector transmits it and has a high vectorial capacity. The other 15 patients were suspected to have secondary cases, with two transferred from the first case. The results of the breeding place survey or the potential breeding place after rearing revealed the species Anopheles balabacensis. Other predictors of malaria transmission are optimal temperature and humidity, environment, livestock places to rest mosquitoes, and patient behavior that causes a high frequency of mosquitoes biting humans. Conclusion: In this case, the transmission model was a cluster, and 100% of the cases were indigenous.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135979039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Geohelminth infections are a neglected global health problem. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2020 show that more than 24% of the world population is infected by geohelminths. The condition of the agricultural soil, which tends to be loose and moist, supports the development of the infective form of the geohelminth. This makes agricultural communities susceptible to geohelminth infections. This study aimed to determine a spatial map of geohelminth infection in agricultural communities and its contamination in the soil of Jatian Village, Jember Regency. Methods: This study used an observational analytical design and a spatial analysis approach. Sampling was performed using a random sampling method that included 43 samples. Data were obtained by examining soil and stool samples and the coordinates of the sampling locations. Data were analyzed using spatial analysis. Results and Discussion: The results of this study indicated that the prevalence of geohelminth infection in agricultural communities was 23.3%, and its contamination in the soil was 6.98%. Hookworms caused infections among respondents, and contamination in the ground was caused by Hookworms and Strongyloides stercoralis. Clustering analysis results showed that geohelminth infection formed two secondary clusters. Spatial autocorrelation and buffer analysis showed clustering of geohelminth infections within the buffer range (<100 m), indicating that the infection spreads more easily within the cluster. Conclusion: The spatial map showed the distribution pattern of clustered geohelminth infection cases and their contamination in soil within proximity, thereby increasing the risk of geohelminth transmission.
{"title":"Spatial Map of Geohelminths Infection in Agricultural Communities and its Contamination in Soil of Jatian Village, Jember Regency","authors":"None Yunita Armiyanti, Nanda Nuramna, Muhammad Afiful Jauhani, Bagus Hermansyah, Wiwien Sugih Utami","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.309-316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.309-316","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Geohelminth infections are a neglected global health problem. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2020 show that more than 24% of the world population is infected by geohelminths. The condition of the agricultural soil, which tends to be loose and moist, supports the development of the infective form of the geohelminth. This makes agricultural communities susceptible to geohelminth infections. This study aimed to determine a spatial map of geohelminth infection in agricultural communities and its contamination in the soil of Jatian Village, Jember Regency. Methods: This study used an observational analytical design and a spatial analysis approach. Sampling was performed using a random sampling method that included 43 samples. Data were obtained by examining soil and stool samples and the coordinates of the sampling locations. Data were analyzed using spatial analysis. Results and Discussion: The results of this study indicated that the prevalence of geohelminth infection in agricultural communities was 23.3%, and its contamination in the soil was 6.98%. Hookworms caused infections among respondents, and contamination in the ground was caused by Hookworms and Strongyloides stercoralis. Clustering analysis results showed that geohelminth infection formed two secondary clusters. Spatial autocorrelation and buffer analysis showed clustering of geohelminth infections within the buffer range (<100 m), indicating that the infection spreads more easily within the cluster. Conclusion: The spatial map showed the distribution pattern of clustered geohelminth infection cases and their contamination in soil within proximity, thereby increasing the risk of geohelminth transmission.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135979048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus foodborne disease is caused by the consumption of food contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins. Milk is a type of food that contains many nutrients but is susceptible to contamination by Staphylococcus aureus. Jember is one of the districts in East Java that produces cow milk. Previous research showed that the level of milk consumption in the community in 2018 was 3.1 kg/capita/year and 42% consumed pasteurized milk, which has lower quality and may still be contaminated with bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between milking hygiene and Staphylococcus aureus contamination. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 36 cow milkers with traditional milking, selected by total sampling. The independent variable was milking hygiene and the dependent variable was Staphylococcus aureus contamination. Milking hygiene practice data were collected through direct observation using a questionnaire. Staphylococcus aureus contamination data were tested using Total Plate Count (TPC) and identified using Gram staining and catalase tests. Results and Discussion: The TPC test results showed that 61.1% of cow's milk fulfilled the Indonesian National Standard for Staphylococcus aureus contamination. There was a relationship between milking hygiene and Staphylococcus aureus contamination. The most influential milking hygiene was cage, udder, and teat hygiene. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus contamination did not meet the standards. Therefore, improving the sanitation and hygiene of cages, as well as udder and teat hygiene by dairy farmers, is necessary.
{"title":"Analysis of Milking Hygiene and Its Association to Staphylococcus Aureus Contamination in Fresh Cow Milk","authors":"Nurus Saffana Yulianto, Yunita Armiyanti, Dini Agustina, Bagus Hermansyah, Wiwien Sugih Utami","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.275-282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.275-282","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus foodborne disease is caused by the consumption of food contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins. Milk is a type of food that contains many nutrients but is susceptible to contamination by Staphylococcus aureus. Jember is one of the districts in East Java that produces cow milk. Previous research showed that the level of milk consumption in the community in 2018 was 3.1 kg/capita/year and 42% consumed pasteurized milk, which has lower quality and may still be contaminated with bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between milking hygiene and Staphylococcus aureus contamination. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 36 cow milkers with traditional milking, selected by total sampling. The independent variable was milking hygiene and the dependent variable was Staphylococcus aureus contamination. Milking hygiene practice data were collected through direct observation using a questionnaire. Staphylococcus aureus contamination data were tested using Total Plate Count (TPC) and identified using Gram staining and catalase tests. Results and Discussion: The TPC test results showed that 61.1% of cow's milk fulfilled the Indonesian National Standard for Staphylococcus aureus contamination. There was a relationship between milking hygiene and Staphylococcus aureus contamination. The most influential milking hygiene was cage, udder, and teat hygiene. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus contamination did not meet the standards. Therefore, improving the sanitation and hygiene of cages, as well as udder and teat hygiene by dairy farmers, is necessary.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135977679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Ascaris spp. eggs threaten sludge reuse because they are usually more environmentally resistant than other microorganisms. Consequently, the WHO recommended an acceptable limit of <1 helminth egg per gram of total solid as a health-based target for treated feces and fecal sludge and aimed to ascertain the effectiveness and reduction rate of Ascaris spp. eggs in sludge at various lime doses, ammonia concentrations, and temperature values. Methods: Eggs were detected and enumerated using the flotation and sedimentation principle. The reduction process was performed in batches with quick lime doses of 30% and 50% w/w, ammonia concentrations of 1,000 and 5,000 mg/L, and temperatures of 30°C and 50°C. Results and Discussion: The number of eggs of Ascaris spp. fertile in the ponds was 1.38 ± 1.38 eggs/gram to 42.98 ± 13.09 eggs/gram, and the infertile amount was 0.46 ± 0.80 eggs/gram to 17.82 ± 6.55 eggs/gram. Using a temperature of 40°C, 50% CaO, and 5,000 ppm ammonia resulted in the highest percentage of reduction, 97.98 - 98.09% but 1.12 eggs/gram was remaining. Conclusion: Higher pH and ammonia levels primarily affect egg decrease in Ascaris spp. To reduce 99% of Ascaris spp. eggs until it reaches <1 egg/g, a dose of 50% CaO is required, with 5,000 ppm ammonia at a temperature of 40°C for 2.7 hours.
{"title":"The Efficiency of Ascaris Spp. Eggs Inactivation in Sewage Sludge by Lime Dosage, Ammonia Concentration, and Temperature Variation","authors":"Husna Muizzati Shabrina, None Barti Setiani Muntalif, None Mayrina Firdayati","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.267-274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.267-274","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ascaris spp. eggs threaten sludge reuse because they are usually more environmentally resistant than other microorganisms. Consequently, the WHO recommended an acceptable limit of <1 helminth egg per gram of total solid as a health-based target for treated feces and fecal sludge and aimed to ascertain the effectiveness and reduction rate of Ascaris spp. eggs in sludge at various lime doses, ammonia concentrations, and temperature values. Methods: Eggs were detected and enumerated using the flotation and sedimentation principle. The reduction process was performed in batches with quick lime doses of 30% and 50% w/w, ammonia concentrations of 1,000 and 5,000 mg/L, and temperatures of 30°C and 50°C. Results and Discussion: The number of eggs of Ascaris spp. fertile in the ponds was 1.38 ± 1.38 eggs/gram to 42.98 ± 13.09 eggs/gram, and the infertile amount was 0.46 ± 0.80 eggs/gram to 17.82 ± 6.55 eggs/gram. Using a temperature of 40°C, 50% CaO, and 5,000 ppm ammonia resulted in the highest percentage of reduction, 97.98 - 98.09% but 1.12 eggs/gram was remaining. Conclusion: Higher pH and ammonia levels primarily affect egg decrease in Ascaris spp. To reduce 99% of Ascaris spp. eggs until it reaches <1 egg/g, a dose of 50% CaO is required, with 5,000 ppm ammonia at a temperature of 40°C for 2.7 hours.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135978576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Organophosphate pesticides, which are used to control pests of crops, affect the nervous system by inhibiting the activity of cholinesterase enzymes in the body. This can be achieved by inhaling, eating, or applying it to the skin. This study research aims to determine the level of pesticide exposure that can inhibit the activity of the Cholinesterase enzyme in the blood. This study employed a systematic literature review with library sources used through Google Scholar and Science Direct, resulting in 16 research articles discussing cholinesterase enzyme activity due to exposure to organophosphates discussed in 2017-2020. Discussion: The results of a previous study found that exposure to organophosphates significantly reduced cholinesterase enzyme activity by 50-80%. Testing for cholinesterase as a biomarker of exposure to Organophospate (OP) through acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells (AChE). This study explored the relationship between gender, age, knowledge of farmers, personal protective equipment, farmers’ smoking behavior, and duration of spraying. Conclusion: Poisoning alters the activity of cholinesterase enzymes in the blood of farmers, resulting in acute and chronic health problems. Several factors have been found to correlate with organophosphate poisoning, including age, level of knowledge among farmers, use of personal protective equipment, smoking behavior, and duration of spraying activities.
{"title":"Literature Review: Impact of Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure on Cholinesterase Enzyme Activity and Associated Risk Factors for Poisoning, 2017-2020","authors":"Rania Ichwana Wicaksono, None Eka Saul Manuel, Aditya Sukma Pawitra, Khuliyah Candraning Diyanah, Soedjajadi Keman, None R. Azizah, Ririh Yudhastuti","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.247-256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.247-256","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Organophosphate pesticides, which are used to control pests of crops, affect the nervous system by inhibiting the activity of cholinesterase enzymes in the body. This can be achieved by inhaling, eating, or applying it to the skin. This study research aims to determine the level of pesticide exposure that can inhibit the activity of the Cholinesterase enzyme in the blood. This study employed a systematic literature review with library sources used through Google Scholar and Science Direct, resulting in 16 research articles discussing cholinesterase enzyme activity due to exposure to organophosphates discussed in 2017-2020. Discussion: The results of a previous study found that exposure to organophosphates significantly reduced cholinesterase enzyme activity by 50-80%. Testing for cholinesterase as a biomarker of exposure to Organophospate (OP) through acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells (AChE). This study explored the relationship between gender, age, knowledge of farmers, personal protective equipment, farmers’ smoking behavior, and duration of spraying. Conclusion: Poisoning alters the activity of cholinesterase enzymes in the blood of farmers, resulting in acute and chronic health problems. Several factors have been found to correlate with organophosphate poisoning, including age, level of knowledge among farmers, use of personal protective equipment, smoking behavior, and duration of spraying activities.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":"110 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135979049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Open defecation is defined as the practice of defecating in fields, forests, bushes, rivers, beaches, or other open areas, causing soil, water, and air contamination. This can cause environmental pollution and diseases (diarrhea and pneumonia, etc.). Banjarnegara and Wonosobo are the two districts with the lowest percentages of Open Defecation Free (ODF) in Central Java. This study aimed to determine the readiness of Banjarnegara and Wonosobo to become ODF regencies. Methods: This descriptive study used a qualitative approach. Data collection was conducted through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with policy actors responsible for accelerating ODF in Wonosobo and Banjarnegara. Results and Discussion: This study found that Wonosobo and Banjarnegara were constrained by five issues: policies/regulations and strategies, institutional arrangements, financing, planning and monitoring, and capacity building. A situation analysis involving the Working Group on Housing and Settlement Areas (Pokja PKP) for Wonosobo and Banjarnegara found the ODF's main obstacles, namely coordination and commitment (supply), and community behavior (demand). Conlusion: The readiness of Wonosobo and Banjarnegara as ODF regencies needs to be reviewed, especially the commitment of regional leaders to institution-strengthening policies and public education.
{"title":"The Readiness of Wonosobo and Banjarnegara Towards Open Defecation Free Regencies","authors":"Sutopo Patria Jati, None Nurhasmadiar Nandini, None Nikie Astorina Yunita Dewanti, None Nissa Kusariana, None Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan, Budiyono Budiyono, Pangi Pangi, Vanessa Rizky Aditya","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.283-290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.283-290","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Open defecation is defined as the practice of defecating in fields, forests, bushes, rivers, beaches, or other open areas, causing soil, water, and air contamination. This can cause environmental pollution and diseases (diarrhea and pneumonia, etc.). Banjarnegara and Wonosobo are the two districts with the lowest percentages of Open Defecation Free (ODF) in Central Java. This study aimed to determine the readiness of Banjarnegara and Wonosobo to become ODF regencies. Methods: This descriptive study used a qualitative approach. Data collection was conducted through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with policy actors responsible for accelerating ODF in Wonosobo and Banjarnegara. Results and Discussion: This study found that Wonosobo and Banjarnegara were constrained by five issues: policies/regulations and strategies, institutional arrangements, financing, planning and monitoring, and capacity building. A situation analysis involving the Working Group on Housing and Settlement Areas (Pokja PKP) for Wonosobo and Banjarnegara found the ODF's main obstacles, namely coordination and commitment (supply), and community behavior (demand). Conlusion: The readiness of Wonosobo and Banjarnegara as ODF regencies needs to be reviewed, especially the commitment of regional leaders to institution-strengthening policies and public education.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":"147 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135978575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.291-299
Ayu Dewi Wiyata, Wahyu Handoyo, Sayono Sayono
Introduction: The population density of Aedes mosquitoes is a risk factor for dengue in endemic areas. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the risk factors for mosquito vector emergence in settlements. This study aimed to determine the key factors associated with the occurrence and population density of dengue vectors in peri-urban and rural settlements. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two dengue-endemic villages, Bergas-Kidul and Gebugan, representing peri-urban and rural settlements, respectively. A cluster-based larval survey was conducted in the dengue-case house and in 18–20 houses around a radius of 100 m. All water containers and their characteristics and mosquito larvae emergence were recorded in each house to calculate Aedes indices. The geographic coordinates, altitude, air temperature, and humidity were mapped and analyzed using GIS and SPSS software. Results and Discussion: Dengue vectors were found in peri-urban and rural with HI, CI, BI, and DF indices of 29.3%, 32.2%, 35.4, 6.0; then 12.2%, 14.3%, 14.6, and 3.0, respectively. In peri-urban areas, larval occurrence was associated with air temperature, air humidity, container type, and open microhabitat, whereas in rural areas, it was associated with only open microhabitat. Conclusion: The Aedes indices represent a high density of mosquito populations, and the existence of open microhabitats is the key factor for larval occurrence in both peri-urban and rural settlements. Community participation in vector control needs to be increased in addition to studying the resistance of Aedes mosquitoes to a number of insecticide groups.
{"title":"The Key Associated Factor of the Emergence of the Dengue Vector in Peri-Urban and Rural Settlements","authors":"Ayu Dewi Wiyata, Wahyu Handoyo, Sayono Sayono","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.291-299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.291-299","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The population density of Aedes mosquitoes is a risk factor for dengue in endemic areas. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the risk factors for mosquito vector emergence in settlements. This study aimed to determine the key factors associated with the occurrence and population density of dengue vectors in peri-urban and rural settlements. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two dengue-endemic villages, Bergas-Kidul and Gebugan, representing peri-urban and rural settlements, respectively. A cluster-based larval survey was conducted in the dengue-case house and in 18–20 houses around a radius of 100 m. All water containers and their characteristics and mosquito larvae emergence were recorded in each house to calculate Aedes indices. The geographic coordinates, altitude, air temperature, and humidity were mapped and analyzed using GIS and SPSS software. Results and Discussion: Dengue vectors were found in peri-urban and rural with HI, CI, BI, and DF indices of 29.3%, 32.2%, 35.4, 6.0; then 12.2%, 14.3%, 14.6, and 3.0, respectively. In peri-urban areas, larval occurrence was associated with air temperature, air humidity, container type, and open microhabitat, whereas in rural areas, it was associated with only open microhabitat. Conclusion: The Aedes indices represent a high density of mosquito populations, and the existence of open microhabitats is the key factor for larval occurrence in both peri-urban and rural settlements. Community participation in vector control needs to be increased in addition to studying the resistance of Aedes mosquitoes to a number of insecticide groups.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135979052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Leptospirosis is zoonotic disease that transmits via natural transmission from vertebrate animals to human beings and vice versa. This disease is caused by an infection of the Leptospira sp. bacterium. It is estimated that there are 1 million cases of Leptospirosis that attack humans worldwide with 60 thousand deaths per year. In Indonesia, such cases and death rates have fluctuated. In 2021, there was a decrease in cases, but the CFR rate increased from 9.1% to 11.4%. Leptospirosis cases become endemic in many countries, especially in tropical and subtropical areas with high rainfall, especially in settlements with poor environmental conditions. Based on previous research, there were differences in the results between several research variables with the incidence of Leptospirosis. This gap underlies the writing of this article to bring together the existing results. Discussion: This study used literature review method for research articles on biotic and abiotic environmental risk factors with Leptospirosis in settlements sourced from scientific publication websites. After going through these stages, 14 final full text articles were obtained. The data used were research studies conducted from January 2018 to April 2023. The articles found show that environmental factors are closely related to the incidence of Leptospirosis in settlements. Conclusion: The variable abiotic environment factors associated with the occurrence of Leptospirosis are temperature, pH, the presence of sewers and puddles. The presence of rats and the presence of animals or livestock are related to biotic environmental factors.
{"title":"Literature Review: Relationship of Environmental Risk Factors and the Incidence of Leptospirosis in Settlements (2018–2023)","authors":"None Nafiah Farisan Nuha, None Nuur Anisa Aprilianintyas, None Dian Novitasari","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v15i3.2023.235-246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i3.2023.235-246","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Leptospirosis is zoonotic disease that transmits via natural transmission from vertebrate animals to human beings and vice versa. This disease is caused by an infection of the Leptospira sp. bacterium. It is estimated that there are 1 million cases of Leptospirosis that attack humans worldwide with 60 thousand deaths per year. In Indonesia, such cases and death rates have fluctuated. In 2021, there was a decrease in cases, but the CFR rate increased from 9.1% to 11.4%. Leptospirosis cases become endemic in many countries, especially in tropical and subtropical areas with high rainfall, especially in settlements with poor environmental conditions. Based on previous research, there were differences in the results between several research variables with the incidence of Leptospirosis. This gap underlies the writing of this article to bring together the existing results. Discussion: This study used literature review method for research articles on biotic and abiotic environmental risk factors with Leptospirosis in settlements sourced from scientific publication websites. After going through these stages, 14 final full text articles were obtained. The data used were research studies conducted from January 2018 to April 2023. The articles found show that environmental factors are closely related to the incidence of Leptospirosis in settlements. Conclusion: The variable abiotic environment factors associated with the occurrence of Leptospirosis are temperature, pH, the presence of sewers and puddles. The presence of rats and the presence of animals or livestock are related to biotic environmental factors.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135601511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i3.2023.183-195
M. Asril, I. Rini, R. Rismawati, Eka Fitriani Yuspiah, Muhammad Isa Ananta, Tarra Ivanka, Revi Agustin, Azisa Nabila Putri
Introduction: Thai tea is one of the aromatic drinks widely sold around the Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Lampung, Indonesia. Bacteria often contaminate this drink due to unhygienic handling. The number and types of contaminating bacteria have yet to be widely reported, especially in Lampung province. This study aimed to detect various bacterial contaminants in Thai tea beverages sold on the road in the ITERA region and their relationship with the hygiene behavior of Thai tea sellers. Methods: The sampling technique used in this study involved accidental sampling by detecting microbes using the most probable number method and the specific medium. The number and types of bacteria were analyzed for diversity and correlated with the behavior of Thai tea sellers. Results and Discussion: Of the 50 Thai tea samples, coliform bacteria, and Pseudomonas sp. in all samples (100%), Aeromonas sp. (36%), Shigella sp. (68%), Escherichia coli (76%), and Salmonella sp. (8%). The highest concentration of pollution occurred in Sukarame District (SK). SK10 had the highest number of contaminants, namely, Pseudomonas sp. (2.96x103±165 CFU ml-1), E. coli (7.2x103±190 CFU ml-1), Shigella sp. (3.35x103±350 CFU ml-1) and Salmonella sp. (9.65x103±50 CFU ml-1). The poor quality of Thai tea is caused by unhygienic tea raw materials and the habits of the seller, who does not perform hygienic tasks during the preparation and use of Thai tea. Conclusion: All samples did not meet the requirements for the presence of bacteria in drinking water, based on regulation No.492/MENKES/Per/IV/2010 and World Health Organization.
{"title":"Assessment of Bacterial Contaminants Associated with Hygiene Behaviour in Thai Tea Sold on the Roadside Around Educational Area, Lampung, Indonesia","authors":"M. Asril, I. Rini, R. Rismawati, Eka Fitriani Yuspiah, Muhammad Isa Ananta, Tarra Ivanka, Revi Agustin, Azisa Nabila Putri","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v15i3.2023.183-195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i3.2023.183-195","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Thai tea is one of the aromatic drinks widely sold around the Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Lampung, Indonesia. Bacteria often contaminate this drink due to unhygienic handling. The number and types of contaminating bacteria have yet to be widely reported, especially in Lampung province. This study aimed to detect various bacterial contaminants in Thai tea beverages sold on the road in the ITERA region and their relationship with the hygiene behavior of Thai tea sellers. Methods: The sampling technique used in this study involved accidental sampling by detecting microbes using the most probable number method and the specific medium. The number and types of bacteria were analyzed for diversity and correlated with the behavior of Thai tea sellers. Results and Discussion: Of the 50 Thai tea samples, coliform bacteria, and Pseudomonas sp. in all samples (100%), Aeromonas sp. (36%), Shigella sp. (68%), Escherichia coli (76%), and Salmonella sp. (8%). The highest concentration of pollution occurred in Sukarame District (SK). SK10 had the highest number of contaminants, namely, Pseudomonas sp. (2.96x103±165 CFU ml-1), E. coli (7.2x103±190 CFU ml-1), Shigella sp. (3.35x103±350 CFU ml-1) and Salmonella sp. (9.65x103±50 CFU ml-1). The poor quality of Thai tea is caused by unhygienic tea raw materials and the habits of the seller, who does not perform hygienic tasks during the preparation and use of Thai tea. Conclusion: All samples did not meet the requirements for the presence of bacteria in drinking water, based on regulation No.492/MENKES/Per/IV/2010 and World Health Organization.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47738705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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