In the arena of energy, there is a global integration of renewable energy technologies (RETs) into various national energy policies in order to reduce the risk of climate change. Although the Nigerian energy policy (2005) stipulated increased deployment of renewable energy technologies, concern remains about the implementations and public acceptance of the technologies. Unless the factors that constitute barriers to public adoption are identified and addressed, successful deployment of these technologies will be unattainable. This paper discusses the technical barriers to acceptance of RETs in the understanding of the Nigerian populace. The study was carried out in Oyo State of Nigeria. Using a convergent parallel mixed-method research approach, data was collected via a survey (quantitative) and focus group interviews (qualitative). There was a survey of 600 participants and four focus group interviews conducted including 23 participants. Four common technical themes emerged from the data: accessibility, complexity, maintenance, and durability. Unless the factors that constitute barriers to public adoption of the technologies are identified and addressed, successful deployment of these technologies will be unattainable. The findings of this study underscore the need for collaboration between the government, the industry, the academic and the public in the implementation of RETs in the country. This study will be a guide for policy makers in Nigeria and other African countries in developing policy interventions to address such barriers
{"title":"Technical Barriers to Renewable Energy Technology Adoption in Nigeria","authors":"Rosemary N. Wojuola, B. Alant","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908238","url":null,"abstract":"In the arena of energy, there is a global integration of renewable energy technologies (RETs) into various national energy policies in order to reduce the risk of climate change. Although the Nigerian energy policy (2005) stipulated increased deployment of renewable energy technologies, concern remains about the implementations and public acceptance of the technologies. Unless the factors that constitute barriers to public adoption are identified and addressed, successful deployment of these technologies will be unattainable. This paper discusses the technical barriers to acceptance of RETs in the understanding of the Nigerian populace. The study was carried out in Oyo State of Nigeria. Using a convergent parallel mixed-method research approach, data was collected via a survey (quantitative) and focus group interviews (qualitative). There was a survey of 600 participants and four focus group interviews conducted including 23 participants. Four common technical themes emerged from the data: accessibility, complexity, maintenance, and durability. Unless the factors that constitute barriers to public adoption of the technologies are identified and addressed, successful deployment of these technologies will be unattainable. The findings of this study underscore the need for collaboration between the government, the industry, the academic and the public in the implementation of RETs in the country. This study will be a guide for policy makers in Nigeria and other African countries in developing policy interventions to address such barriers","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130014259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This report is a study about the construction, and therefore, particularly the welding processes of pressure vessels. The aim is to improve the process of the construction of pressure vessels to resolve the issue of misalignment in the welding process of the vessels. The focus is on the positioning, preparation, material selected and the overall procedure including the weld types to be used. A theoretical design of a pressure vessel it is compare to a simulated version to find the stress values and positions that may affect the capability of the design of the pressure vessel.Pressure vessels have standards to be followed during construction and evaluation, South African standards state that a contained fluid that is capable to build pressure or contained at a pressure of 50kPa is said to be contained in a pressure vessel. The maximum pressure allowed to be contained is 2413kPa and therefore a relief valve is introduced. The vessel design is regulated between these pressures, the calculations consider the given dimensions of the material used and the focus points are the stresses that would be acting on the vessel.The use of theories of pressure vessels applied provided calculation methods to determine the stresses that would act on the designed pressure vessel, and computer aided drawing simulated to give a stress analysis of the designed pressure vessel. The comparison of the two systems gave us pressures of 345Mpa for ultimate tensile stress, mild steel material was able to sustain the pressure in the simulation with a vessel thickness of 16mm.The calculations gave the relatively expected answers and when considering the standard that are expected for South African pressure vessels. The simulations that were obtained gave a similar poisons ratio but higher stress values and from the simulation the vessel construction did not fail, but there are recommendations made for the support system.The effects of misalignment are challenging and ultimately cause a vessel to fail in the containment of high-pressure fluids, the causes are explained in detail and later possible future solutions and observations.
{"title":"Design Development of Transnet Pressure Vessel to Mitigate the Problems of Welding Misalignment","authors":"V. Chauke, D. Kallon, T. Kunene","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908226","url":null,"abstract":"This report is a study about the construction, and therefore, particularly the welding processes of pressure vessels. The aim is to improve the process of the construction of pressure vessels to resolve the issue of misalignment in the welding process of the vessels. The focus is on the positioning, preparation, material selected and the overall procedure including the weld types to be used. A theoretical design of a pressure vessel it is compare to a simulated version to find the stress values and positions that may affect the capability of the design of the pressure vessel.Pressure vessels have standards to be followed during construction and evaluation, South African standards state that a contained fluid that is capable to build pressure or contained at a pressure of 50kPa is said to be contained in a pressure vessel. The maximum pressure allowed to be contained is 2413kPa and therefore a relief valve is introduced. The vessel design is regulated between these pressures, the calculations consider the given dimensions of the material used and the focus points are the stresses that would be acting on the vessel.The use of theories of pressure vessels applied provided calculation methods to determine the stresses that would act on the designed pressure vessel, and computer aided drawing simulated to give a stress analysis of the designed pressure vessel. The comparison of the two systems gave us pressures of 345Mpa for ultimate tensile stress, mild steel material was able to sustain the pressure in the simulation with a vessel thickness of 16mm.The calculations gave the relatively expected answers and when considering the standard that are expected for South African pressure vessels. The simulations that were obtained gave a similar poisons ratio but higher stress values and from the simulation the vessel construction did not fail, but there are recommendations made for the support system.The effects of misalignment are challenging and ultimately cause a vessel to fail in the containment of high-pressure fluids, the causes are explained in detail and later possible future solutions and observations.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127883260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reveals how theoretical triangulation of Technology Readiness Index (TRI) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) were adopted to conceptualize a framework for understanding and assessing teachers’ electronic learning (e-learning) readiness within South African schools where access to technology is still a challenge. The paper analysed the TRI’s personality characteristics (optimism, innovativeness, discomforts, and insecurity) and the cognitive dimensions of TAM (perceived ease of use and the perceived usefulness) from both secondary and primary schools in Vhembe district of Venda in Limpopo Province. Even though technology is deemed to be a critical factor affecting teachers’ e-learning readiness by other Information Systems (IS) researcher, in this study, the data which was collected from 120 teachers found technological factor not to be such influential. It is the findings of this study that individual factors, institutional factors, and social factors tend to be critical factors affecting teachers’ e-learning readiness in South African rural schools. The finding of this study can be used by the provincial and national Departments of Basic Education, school governing bodies, and school managers as a reference point to enrich their knowledge when planning for e-learning implementation programmes across schools. This paper contributes practically as the conceptualised framework provides important factors that can be used as a foundation for assessment of teachers’ e-learning readiness particularly in other South African rural schools either in the same province or others.
{"title":"Conceptualised Framework for Assessing Teachers’ E-learning Readiness in South African Rural Schools","authors":"Phatudi P Setati, V. Paledi","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908204","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reveals how theoretical triangulation of Technology Readiness Index (TRI) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) were adopted to conceptualize a framework for understanding and assessing teachers’ electronic learning (e-learning) readiness within South African schools where access to technology is still a challenge. The paper analysed the TRI’s personality characteristics (optimism, innovativeness, discomforts, and insecurity) and the cognitive dimensions of TAM (perceived ease of use and the perceived usefulness) from both secondary and primary schools in Vhembe district of Venda in Limpopo Province. Even though technology is deemed to be a critical factor affecting teachers’ e-learning readiness by other Information Systems (IS) researcher, in this study, the data which was collected from 120 teachers found technological factor not to be such influential. It is the findings of this study that individual factors, institutional factors, and social factors tend to be critical factors affecting teachers’ e-learning readiness in South African rural schools. The finding of this study can be used by the provincial and national Departments of Basic Education, school governing bodies, and school managers as a reference point to enrich their knowledge when planning for e-learning implementation programmes across schools. This paper contributes practically as the conceptualised framework provides important factors that can be used as a foundation for assessment of teachers’ e-learning readiness particularly in other South African rural schools either in the same province or others.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123712434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tanaka Nyakonda, Mosiuoa Tsietsi, A. Terzoli, N. Dlodlo
Siyakhula Living Lab (SLL) in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, is interested in prototyping various software solutions to get non-commercial farmers to integrate into the agro-processing industry, particularly in the wool and fiber industry. The work reported in this paper proposes one of such software solution. It an initial implementation of a Radio Frequency Identifier (RFID)-based flock management system. The project started with a review of existing RFID solutions for livestock as well as RFID technology itself. Then it designed, built and performed initial testing of the prototype of an Android mobile application which is supported by a backend application server called TeleWeaver. The application will allow testing the hypothesis that ICTs can help non-commercial farmers better manage their livestock to improve the quantity and quality of wool products produced. The research has paved the way for future work in the field of RFIDs for livestock control in marginalized rural areas.
{"title":"An RFID Flock Management System for Rural Areas","authors":"Tanaka Nyakonda, Mosiuoa Tsietsi, A. Terzoli, N. Dlodlo","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908190","url":null,"abstract":"Siyakhula Living Lab (SLL) in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, is interested in prototyping various software solutions to get non-commercial farmers to integrate into the agro-processing industry, particularly in the wool and fiber industry. The work reported in this paper proposes one of such software solution. It an initial implementation of a Radio Frequency Identifier (RFID)-based flock management system. The project started with a review of existing RFID solutions for livestock as well as RFID technology itself. Then it designed, built and performed initial testing of the prototype of an Android mobile application which is supported by a backend application server called TeleWeaver. The application will allow testing the hypothesis that ICTs can help non-commercial farmers better manage their livestock to improve the quantity and quality of wool products produced. The research has paved the way for future work in the field of RFIDs for livestock control in marginalized rural areas.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116939838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. O. Ogunmefun, T. Jamiru, E. Sadiku, B. Obadele, E. Olorundaisi
A study has been made on the effects of inter-critical annealing temperature on the mechanical behavior of a low alloy dual phase Fe/0.083C/0.4Mn steel. Homogenization and normalization of the substrates via heat treatments were performed on low carbon–manganese steel. The direct annealing heat treatments were carried out at 735°C, 755°C, 795°C and 830°C, and suddenly quenched in cold water. Dual phase ferrite–martensite steel was obtained. Tensile and yield tests were determined through their relationship equation with hardness test at room temperature. Indentation analysis was carried out on the microstructure of each sample. The results revealed that the best mechanical properties in dual-phase steels, e.g., impact toughness and ductility, appear at the inter-critical temperature of 735°C, highest strength at 755°C, duplex microstructure were obtained when the temperature is higher than 800 °C, with the highest ductility properties at 830°C.
{"title":"Intercritical Annealing Temperature: Influence on the Mechanical Properties of Low Alloy Dual-Phase Fe/0.08C/0.4Mn Steel.","authors":"A. O. Ogunmefun, T. Jamiru, E. Sadiku, B. Obadele, E. Olorundaisi","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908167","url":null,"abstract":"A study has been made on the effects of inter-critical annealing temperature on the mechanical behavior of a low alloy dual phase Fe/0.083C/0.4Mn steel. Homogenization and normalization of the substrates via heat treatments were performed on low carbon–manganese steel. The direct annealing heat treatments were carried out at 735°C, 755°C, 795°C and 830°C, and suddenly quenched in cold water. Dual phase ferrite–martensite steel was obtained. Tensile and yield tests were determined through their relationship equation with hardness test at room temperature. Indentation analysis was carried out on the microstructure of each sample. The results revealed that the best mechanical properties in dual-phase steels, e.g., impact toughness and ductility, appear at the inter-critical temperature of 735°C, highest strength at 755°C, duplex microstructure were obtained when the temperature is higher than 800 °C, with the highest ductility properties at 830°C.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117152644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the use of Internet of things (IoT) to solve the challenges encountered in groundwater management. We present a model for predicting the sustainability of groundwater at catchment scale, focusing on the Modder river catchment. IoT has turned out to be a standout amongst the most sought-after research subjects today. On the other hand, the concept of groundwater sustainability considers a long to medium term approach to management of groundwater. The methodology involved a detailed review and understanding most important groundwater processes and factors of an aquifer system that are related to drought management. A reflection on sustainability, the groundwater licensing tool, GIS mapping, impact of drought and sustainability in aquifers. The paper highlights the use of IoT development using the scores and ranking of climate, aquifer, equity and socio-economic factors. For the catchment that was the case study, a comparison of recharge was examined, yields, storativity, aquifer types, and lithology/rock types. This was also in addition to an assessment of the physical processes affecting groundwater systems at Modder catchment scale. A GIS map considering factors such as the climatic (climatic zones precipitation, sunshine, evapotranspiration, slope, topography), was plotted. Based on this approach, an IoTs drought decision making system is presented. Using results and findings, this paper confirms the increasing use of IoT for sustainable groundwater management.
{"title":"Using Internet of Things for sustainable groundwater drought management in the Modder River catchment of South Africa","authors":"S. Oke, R. Alowo, M. Masinde","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908246","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the use of Internet of things (IoT) to solve the challenges encountered in groundwater management. We present a model for predicting the sustainability of groundwater at catchment scale, focusing on the Modder river catchment. IoT has turned out to be a standout amongst the most sought-after research subjects today. On the other hand, the concept of groundwater sustainability considers a long to medium term approach to management of groundwater. The methodology involved a detailed review and understanding most important groundwater processes and factors of an aquifer system that are related to drought management. A reflection on sustainability, the groundwater licensing tool, GIS mapping, impact of drought and sustainability in aquifers. The paper highlights the use of IoT development using the scores and ranking of climate, aquifer, equity and socio-economic factors. For the catchment that was the case study, a comparison of recharge was examined, yields, storativity, aquifer types, and lithology/rock types. This was also in addition to an assessment of the physical processes affecting groundwater systems at Modder catchment scale. A GIS map considering factors such as the climatic (climatic zones precipitation, sunshine, evapotranspiration, slope, topography), was plotted. Based on this approach, an IoTs drought decision making system is presented. Using results and findings, this paper confirms the increasing use of IoT for sustainable groundwater management.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115697170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Topside E. Mathonsi, T. M. Tshilongamulenzhe, B. E. Buthelezi
The progressive adaptability of today’s mobile communication services and the prompt progressions in the mobile phones industry have steered to a remarkable development in the wireless market capacity. Notwithstanding the incessant advancement in the radio access technologies to manage with that growth. However, many remaining challenges, i.e., inefficient allocation and management of wireless network resources in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (HWNs) when using the modern cellular mobile communications radio access technologies such as Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)/Wi-Fi, Long-TERA Evolution (LTE) and Fifth Generation (5G)) still continue and needs to be addressed. This problem emanates from the enormous number of users sharing these resources, random distribution of wireless channels, scarceness of the wireless spectral resources, and the dynamic behavior of generated traffic. Therefore, this paper solves the identified problem by designing an Efficient Resource Allocation (ERA) algorithm to address the inefficient allocation of available resources versus quality of service (QoS) challenges. The obtained simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model to meet the objectives subject to limitations and constraints compared to other published works. On average, the proposed ERA algorithm, Joint Power Bandwidth Allocation (JPBA) algorithm, and Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) algorithm have shown 98.9%, 85%, 81% throughput performance, respectively at a time interval of 100s.
{"title":"An Efficient Resource Allocation Algorithm for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks","authors":"Topside E. Mathonsi, T. M. Tshilongamulenzhe, B. E. Buthelezi","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908207","url":null,"abstract":"The progressive adaptability of today’s mobile communication services and the prompt progressions in the mobile phones industry have steered to a remarkable development in the wireless market capacity. Notwithstanding the incessant advancement in the radio access technologies to manage with that growth. However, many remaining challenges, i.e., inefficient allocation and management of wireless network resources in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (HWNs) when using the modern cellular mobile communications radio access technologies such as Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)/Wi-Fi, Long-TERA Evolution (LTE) and Fifth Generation (5G)) still continue and needs to be addressed. This problem emanates from the enormous number of users sharing these resources, random distribution of wireless channels, scarceness of the wireless spectral resources, and the dynamic behavior of generated traffic. Therefore, this paper solves the identified problem by designing an Efficient Resource Allocation (ERA) algorithm to address the inefficient allocation of available resources versus quality of service (QoS) challenges. The obtained simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model to meet the objectives subject to limitations and constraints compared to other published works. On average, the proposed ERA algorithm, Joint Power Bandwidth Allocation (JPBA) algorithm, and Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) algorithm have shown 98.9%, 85%, 81% throughput performance, respectively at a time interval of 100s.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"35 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125036965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Material handling is one of the most essential aspects within manufacturing processes/industries. Transportation equipment used in these industries varies from pallet jack to forklift trucks and/or cranes. Material handling equipment are mechanical equipment used for the movement, storage, control and protection of materials, goods and products throughout the process of manufacturing, distribution, consumption and disposal. The influence of global economy has necessitated changes in the conventional approaches for manufacturing companies. In this case, manufacturing companies in South Africa and globally have taken into their consideration several essential characteristics such as real-time reaction to changes, quick and quality response in sustaining and satisfying customer requests and/or needs, in both hardware equipment and software modules by which the production processes are optimized for next generation manufacturing systems. This paper aims at designing an Automated Heavy-Duty Material Handling System based on Industry 4.0 principles. The system compoents are designed and tested through calculations. The results show that the overall tractive effort of the system when it is fully loaded with 20 tons is 250.623 kN per wheel. Each wheel motor torque is and the system will need 468.411W of power per wheel in order to move the machine when loaded with its overall weight.
{"title":"Hydraulic System Design Of a Tri-Adjustable Automated Heavy Duty Handling System Based On Industry 4.0","authors":"S. Z. Mafokwane, D. Kallon","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908214","url":null,"abstract":"Material handling is one of the most essential aspects within manufacturing processes/industries. Transportation equipment used in these industries varies from pallet jack to forklift trucks and/or cranes. Material handling equipment are mechanical equipment used for the movement, storage, control and protection of materials, goods and products throughout the process of manufacturing, distribution, consumption and disposal. The influence of global economy has necessitated changes in the conventional approaches for manufacturing companies. In this case, manufacturing companies in South Africa and globally have taken into their consideration several essential characteristics such as real-time reaction to changes, quick and quality response in sustaining and satisfying customer requests and/or needs, in both hardware equipment and software modules by which the production processes are optimized for next generation manufacturing systems. This paper aims at designing an Automated Heavy-Duty Material Handling System based on Industry 4.0 principles. The system compoents are designed and tested through calculations. The results show that the overall tractive effort of the system when it is fully loaded with 20 tons is 250.623 kN per wheel. Each wheel motor torque is and the system will need 468.411W of power per wheel in order to move the machine when loaded with its overall weight.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127864561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current literature on digital infrastructure offers a powerful lens for conceptualizing the increasingly interconnected system collectives found in contemporary organizations. However, little attention has been paid to the generative mechanisms of digital infrastructure, that is, the causal powers that explain how and why such infrastructures evolve over time. This is unfortunate, since more knowledge about what drives digital infrastructures would be highly valuable for managers and IT professionals confronted by the complexity of managing them. In the context of design and implementation of “open” digital infrastructures (II) in socially excluded communities, we view outcomes as innovations, as they arise from new uses and combinations of existing digital technologies, due to the dynamic relational interactions between digital infrastructure and the actors. These innovations, arising from the IIs, interacting with actors with different interests, can also alter and reshape the IIs into new forms and path trajectories which initially were not part of the design. This is the generative quality of open digital infrastructure, considered as the ability of an infrastructure to generate or produce new behavior, structure, or output without the direct involvement from the originator of the system Consequently, digital infrastructures are never fully complete, as they shape and are shaped by innovations that arise from the dynamic between the IIs and the actors, implying that there is always room for further improvement, extension or modification. Through recourse to the metaphor of affordances, we examine how the generative nature of open digital infrastructures is impacting on the digital divide problem in urban and rural communities facing social exclusion in Angola.
{"title":"A Relational Ontology of “Open” Digital Infrastructures in Socially Excluded Communities in Angola","authors":"N. Ochara, A. Wapota, Lucienne Abrahams","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908180","url":null,"abstract":"The current literature on digital infrastructure offers a powerful lens for conceptualizing the increasingly interconnected system collectives found in contemporary organizations. However, little attention has been paid to the generative mechanisms of digital infrastructure, that is, the causal powers that explain how and why such infrastructures evolve over time. This is unfortunate, since more knowledge about what drives digital infrastructures would be highly valuable for managers and IT professionals confronted by the complexity of managing them. In the context of design and implementation of “open” digital infrastructures (II) in socially excluded communities, we view outcomes as innovations, as they arise from new uses and combinations of existing digital technologies, due to the dynamic relational interactions between digital infrastructure and the actors. These innovations, arising from the IIs, interacting with actors with different interests, can also alter and reshape the IIs into new forms and path trajectories which initially were not part of the design. This is the generative quality of open digital infrastructure, considered as the ability of an infrastructure to generate or produce new behavior, structure, or output without the direct involvement from the originator of the system Consequently, digital infrastructures are never fully complete, as they shape and are shaped by innovations that arise from the dynamic between the IIs and the actors, implying that there is always room for further improvement, extension or modification. Through recourse to the metaphor of affordances, we examine how the generative nature of open digital infrastructures is impacting on the digital divide problem in urban and rural communities facing social exclusion in Angola.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131064489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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