In this work, a walk-through survey for the geysers and boilers used in the residences at the Central University of Technology has been conducted. The survey was conducted based on the rated power, storage tank sizes and period of operation in a day. The aim of the project is to review the energy efficiency and energy consumption of the geysers and boilers. From the survey, it shows that these water heating systems are operated 24 hours without any other control or energy management activities. Which means that power is supplied 24 hours a day and the thermostats automatically switch on to heat water whenever the water temperature decreases, even when there is no hot water demand. Also, seeing that load shifting can be a challenge mainly for the morning peak period due to the high hot water demand during that time because the majority of students’ classes starts in the mornings. The energy consumption during peak periods is charged more than during normal or off-peak periods. Energy management activities can be applied to water heating processes in order to reduce the energy consumption and can therefore reduce the institution’s energy costs. However, the hot water consumption and human behaviour profiles of the occupants are the most important precondition to a potential energy saving.
{"title":"Walk-through Energy Audit and Savings opportunities: Case of Water Heaters at CUT Residential Buildings","authors":"T. P. Gaonwe, K. Kusakana, P. A. Hohne","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908172","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a walk-through survey for the geysers and boilers used in the residences at the Central University of Technology has been conducted. The survey was conducted based on the rated power, storage tank sizes and period of operation in a day. The aim of the project is to review the energy efficiency and energy consumption of the geysers and boilers. From the survey, it shows that these water heating systems are operated 24 hours without any other control or energy management activities. Which means that power is supplied 24 hours a day and the thermostats automatically switch on to heat water whenever the water temperature decreases, even when there is no hot water demand. Also, seeing that load shifting can be a challenge mainly for the morning peak period due to the high hot water demand during that time because the majority of students’ classes starts in the mornings. The energy consumption during peak periods is charged more than during normal or off-peak periods. Energy management activities can be applied to water heating processes in order to reduce the energy consumption and can therefore reduce the institution’s energy costs. However, the hot water consumption and human behaviour profiles of the occupants are the most important precondition to a potential energy saving.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130622039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charlton Uwa Aigbekaen, S. Vallabhapurapu, Issac O Osunmakinde
A resistive switching memory behavior has been observed in PVA incorporated with Aluminium doped Zinc Oxide (AZO) nano particles drop cast on Alumiuium tape. An ON/OFF ratio of about 4 orders of magnitude encourages and leads to the development of ReRAM memory cell. The conduction mechanisms of different segments before and after switching has indicated a clear change of activation energies involved.
{"title":"ReRAM memory based on dropcast PVA nano composite","authors":"Charlton Uwa Aigbekaen, S. Vallabhapurapu, Issac O Osunmakinde","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908219","url":null,"abstract":"A resistive switching memory behavior has been observed in PVA incorporated with Aluminium doped Zinc Oxide (AZO) nano particles drop cast on Alumiuium tape. An ON/OFF ratio of about 4 orders of magnitude encourages and leads to the development of ReRAM memory cell. The conduction mechanisms of different segments before and after switching has indicated a clear change of activation energies involved.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131140101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The adaptation of Electric Vehicle (EV) is influenced by consumers’ demand. This vast adaptation by consumers’ will depend on various factors. Some of the major factors that influence the high volume of penetration of EV’s in the market include, energy security, accessible charging option, charging schemes, vehicle range, wide visibility, affordability, sound policies as well as incentives. The paper aims to assess South Africa’s readiness in terms of electrical infrastructure for a major EV penetration and discuss the country’s stance in the E-mobility, whilst assessing the challenges and opportunities of the EV rollout.
{"title":"Is the South African Electrical Infrastructure Ready for Electric Vehicles?","authors":"L. Bokopane, Kusakana Kanzumba, H. Vermaak","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908171","url":null,"abstract":"The adaptation of Electric Vehicle (EV) is influenced by consumers’ demand. This vast adaptation by consumers’ will depend on various factors. Some of the major factors that influence the high volume of penetration of EV’s in the market include, energy security, accessible charging option, charging schemes, vehicle range, wide visibility, affordability, sound policies as well as incentives. The paper aims to assess South Africa’s readiness in terms of electrical infrastructure for a major EV penetration and discuss the country’s stance in the E-mobility, whilst assessing the challenges and opportunities of the EV rollout.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131101780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrogen (H2) economy more and more attention and it is soon to become a priority development to all nations around the globe. H2 offers a wide range of benefits and the greatest of them all is its ability and flexibility to be used as a green energy carrier. More and more car manufacturers are following suit in moving from prototyping to commercial demonstrations of fuel cell electric cars. Natural gas and coal are currently the cheapest sources of hydrogen and are likely to remain so. In the present study, magnesium waste-based materials from end of life products were used as raw materials in the presence of iron chloride added water solution to generate hydrogen gas. Magnesium (Mg) reacts slowly with water and releases hydrogen at room temperature and this is followed by the formation of magnesium hydroxide on its surface. This reaction was accelerated by an addition of 1.5 wt% of iron chloride. The results confirmed iron chloride as an excellent hydrolysis reaction accelerator with stainless steel as an effective catalyst. On average, the reaction yielded 2700mL of H2 over 3600 seconds.
{"title":"Evaluation of Hydrogen Yield by Hydrolysis from Waste Magnesium Based Materials Catalysed By Stainless Steel Net in Iron Chloride Solution","authors":"V. Hashe, T. Jen","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908170","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen (H2) economy more and more attention and it is soon to become a priority development to all nations around the globe. H2 offers a wide range of benefits and the greatest of them all is its ability and flexibility to be used as a green energy carrier. More and more car manufacturers are following suit in moving from prototyping to commercial demonstrations of fuel cell electric cars. Natural gas and coal are currently the cheapest sources of hydrogen and are likely to remain so. In the present study, magnesium waste-based materials from end of life products were used as raw materials in the presence of iron chloride added water solution to generate hydrogen gas. Magnesium (Mg) reacts slowly with water and releases hydrogen at room temperature and this is followed by the formation of magnesium hydroxide on its surface. This reaction was accelerated by an addition of 1.5 wt% of iron chloride. The results confirmed iron chloride as an excellent hydrolysis reaction accelerator with stainless steel as an effective catalyst. On average, the reaction yielded 2700mL of H2 over 3600 seconds.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131121981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the review is to provide the interlocution on the effects of noise on the hearing levels of dental assisting students from dental instruments during work-integrated learning. Primarily, this review provides knowledge on the health and safety within dental practices and laboratories where dental assisting students undergoing practical sessions and/or work-integrated learning and subsequently initiate and develop understanding on the effects on hearing levels. And to identify those dental instruments that have noise level which may potentiate the hearing levels of dental students. Exposure to high levels of noise has been a well-known cause of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Several studies have been completed to determine the effects of noise in dental schools for dental students. Moreover, research has implicated old drills and dental instruments as common causes of noise and this noise can be extremely high, up to 100dB occasionally, and exceeding recommended maximum levels. Many of studies have examined that noise found in a dental practices exceeds exposure limits guidelines. Exposure limits from different agencies has been described. Periodic audiometric evaluation for all dental students should be made mandatory as to identify hearing loss at an early stage and to prevent a permanent hearing loss. Also health education stressing on use of noise protectors, proper maintenance of devices should be included in the curriculum of all dental students. In South Africa, the information and literatures about the exposure of noise on hearing levels of dental assisting students during their practical sessions is still lacking and therefore, this review aims to provide the informed discussion on the exposure levels of noise which may potentiate on the hearing levels of dental assisting student during work integrated learning. At the end, this review will provide recommendations which will assist in limiting noise exposure within dental practices and laboratories where practical sessions are performed.
{"title":"Noise exposure among dental assisting students from dental instruments during work-integrated learning: a review","authors":"Lerato G. Mosoeuk, C. Weyers, P. Rathebe","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908244","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the review is to provide the interlocution on the effects of noise on the hearing levels of dental assisting students from dental instruments during work-integrated learning. Primarily, this review provides knowledge on the health and safety within dental practices and laboratories where dental assisting students undergoing practical sessions and/or work-integrated learning and subsequently initiate and develop understanding on the effects on hearing levels. And to identify those dental instruments that have noise level which may potentiate the hearing levels of dental students. Exposure to high levels of noise has been a well-known cause of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Several studies have been completed to determine the effects of noise in dental schools for dental students. Moreover, research has implicated old drills and dental instruments as common causes of noise and this noise can be extremely high, up to 100dB occasionally, and exceeding recommended maximum levels. Many of studies have examined that noise found in a dental practices exceeds exposure limits guidelines. Exposure limits from different agencies has been described. Periodic audiometric evaluation for all dental students should be made mandatory as to identify hearing loss at an early stage and to prevent a permanent hearing loss. Also health education stressing on use of noise protectors, proper maintenance of devices should be included in the curriculum of all dental students. In South Africa, the information and literatures about the exposure of noise on hearing levels of dental assisting students during their practical sessions is still lacking and therefore, this review aims to provide the informed discussion on the exposure levels of noise which may potentiate on the hearing levels of dental assisting student during work integrated learning. At the end, this review will provide recommendations which will assist in limiting noise exposure within dental practices and laboratories where practical sessions are performed.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"45 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132184916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marine outfall is a pipeline system used to discharge industrial or municipal wastewater from wastewater treatment plant to the sea. It is generally discharged under the sea surface. This system uses excess pressure to discharge wastewater offshore, which is a regulation that governs the discharge of any substance to the marine environment. The operation of marine outfall systems makes sense on an environmental perspective, although observing this system in an engineering perspective, significant energy is wasted, as the energy is solely used to discharging water offshore.The focus of this research is to propose an engineering solution to recover the lost kinetic energy and convert it into useful electrical energy. Therefore, the paper starts by presenting a literature review on marine outfall and focuses on the opportunity of using marine outfall systems identified in South Africa where hydropower technology can be used for energy recovery. A proper methodology to conduct the study as well as a system layout have been suggested. The ultimate purpose of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of this innovative technology given the availability of the resource in South African context.
{"title":"Using Marine Outfall Wastewater Discharge Systems for Electricity Generation","authors":"P. Moselane, K. Kusakana, S. P. Koko","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908260","url":null,"abstract":"Marine outfall is a pipeline system used to discharge industrial or municipal wastewater from wastewater treatment plant to the sea. It is generally discharged under the sea surface. This system uses excess pressure to discharge wastewater offshore, which is a regulation that governs the discharge of any substance to the marine environment. The operation of marine outfall systems makes sense on an environmental perspective, although observing this system in an engineering perspective, significant energy is wasted, as the energy is solely used to discharging water offshore.The focus of this research is to propose an engineering solution to recover the lost kinetic energy and convert it into useful electrical energy. Therefore, the paper starts by presenting a literature review on marine outfall and focuses on the opportunity of using marine outfall systems identified in South Africa where hydropower technology can be used for energy recovery. A proper methodology to conduct the study as well as a system layout have been suggested. The ultimate purpose of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of this innovative technology given the availability of the resource in South African context.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114881017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Cradle-to-Grave principle is key to the assurance of compliance with the management of health care risk waste (HCRW) in health care facilities. The study aimed to assess the implementation of the Cradle-to-Grave principle in private health care facilities (PHCF) in the East Coast of KwaZulu-Natal. To achieve this aim, the objective was to investigate methods used by PHCFs to manage HCRW. Data was collected from forty facilities; fifty-five questionnaires were administered to forty medical practitioners and fifteen nurses. Quantitative method and a descriptive cross-sectional design were employed. IBM SPSS 25.0 and Microsoft excel 2013 were used to analyse data. The findings revealed that the Cradle-to-Grave principle was not implemented in all PHCFs by nurses and medical practitioners as required by the Health Professions Council of South Africa Guidelines on HCRW Management. The study recommends that PHCFs should be consistent in managing HCRW and apply relevant regulations and standards.
{"title":"Assessment of the Implementation of the Cradle-to-Grave Principle in Private Health Care Clinics in the East Coast of KwaZulu-Natal.","authors":"M. F. Senekane, Siphesihle Siyamukela Masimula","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908263","url":null,"abstract":"The Cradle-to-Grave principle is key to the assurance of compliance with the management of health care risk waste (HCRW) in health care facilities. The study aimed to assess the implementation of the Cradle-to-Grave principle in private health care facilities (PHCF) in the East Coast of KwaZulu-Natal. To achieve this aim, the objective was to investigate methods used by PHCFs to manage HCRW. Data was collected from forty facilities; fifty-five questionnaires were administered to forty medical practitioners and fifteen nurses. Quantitative method and a descriptive cross-sectional design were employed. IBM SPSS 25.0 and Microsoft excel 2013 were used to analyse data. The findings revealed that the Cradle-to-Grave principle was not implemented in all PHCFs by nurses and medical practitioners as required by the Health Professions Council of South Africa Guidelines on HCRW Management. The study recommends that PHCFs should be consistent in managing HCRW and apply relevant regulations and standards.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133668626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Every software developer needs to understand that the application architecture is essential. Despite this, many software developers follow the design of software architects and believe that software architects are always right. Changes in the design and application requirements have changed in the last years. However, with the rise of the World Wide Web (WWW), software developers had to store more data on servers. Relational databases cannot scale the data fast enough on web servers. Applications are deployed on every mobile device to cloud devices hosted on servers, and because of this change, users expect faster response times. There is minimal empirical evidence to help developers choose which data store to use. In addition, more NoSQL data stores are added to the ecosystem. In this paper, we used a systematic review to collect evidence on the best performing data store for a highly available application design architecture. This review allowed us to study experiments performed by researchers on NoSQL data stores namely wide-column, key-value, graph and document stores and which programming language driver to use for implementing such research. Our empirical findings suggest to develop a conceptual framework to design a reactive three-tier application for software developers to achieve a high availability application design architecture.
{"title":"Review of NoSQL Data Stores: Using a reactive three-tier application for software developers to achieve a high availability application design architecture","authors":"W. Hendricks","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908187","url":null,"abstract":"Every software developer needs to understand that the application architecture is essential. Despite this, many software developers follow the design of software architects and believe that software architects are always right. Changes in the design and application requirements have changed in the last years. However, with the rise of the World Wide Web (WWW), software developers had to store more data on servers. Relational databases cannot scale the data fast enough on web servers. Applications are deployed on every mobile device to cloud devices hosted on servers, and because of this change, users expect faster response times. There is minimal empirical evidence to help developers choose which data store to use. In addition, more NoSQL data stores are added to the ecosystem. In this paper, we used a systematic review to collect evidence on the best performing data store for a highly available application design architecture. This review allowed us to study experiments performed by researchers on NoSQL data stores namely wide-column, key-value, graph and document stores and which programming language driver to use for implementing such research. Our empirical findings suggest to develop a conceptual framework to design a reactive three-tier application for software developers to achieve a high availability application design architecture.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133902431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
South African mines have lived for over hundreds of years and each year accidents occur that leave mine workers injured or worse dead. The extraction of resources such as Gold, Platinum, Coal and Diamond have their own disadvantages such as mine workers being trapped underground, the failing of rooftops, the inhalation of dangerous gases such as methane and lastly the explosions of the mines. This study aims to implement an early accident detection model on the mines for the safety of the mine workers. The model consists of multiple sensors in a wireless sensor network platform, the processing unit and the ZigBee technology for more efficient communication and lastly a tracking unit for real time localization of the miners. The proposed model will adopt the wireless sensor network, redundancy system, real time monitoring, ZigBee technology and real time tracking.
{"title":"A Review of Wireless Sensor Networks: Early Accident Detection Models for South African Mine Industries","authors":"Beauty L. Komane, Topside E. Mathonsi","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908192","url":null,"abstract":"South African mines have lived for over hundreds of years and each year accidents occur that leave mine workers injured or worse dead. The extraction of resources such as Gold, Platinum, Coal and Diamond have their own disadvantages such as mine workers being trapped underground, the failing of rooftops, the inhalation of dangerous gases such as methane and lastly the explosions of the mines. This study aims to implement an early accident detection model on the mines for the safety of the mine workers. The model consists of multiple sensors in a wireless sensor network platform, the processing unit and the ZigBee technology for more efficient communication and lastly a tracking unit for real time localization of the miners. The proposed model will adopt the wireless sensor network, redundancy system, real time monitoring, ZigBee technology and real time tracking.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134116655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The energy usage of space heating (SH) and water heating (WH) processes may account for approximately 60% and 24% of the total energy consumption in residential buildings, respectively. This paper proposes the optimal control of an integrated system for water and space heating at the Central University of Technology student residence. The system consists of solar PV modules, batteries, electrolyser, hydrogen storage vessel, fuel-cell, heat pump and domestic hot water storage. The main aim of this study is to propose a method to reduce the energy cost, by applying optimal control of the integrated system operating under the variable Time of Use tariff. The background on the problem statement, the literature review, aim, objective, methodology as well as expected results of the study will be discussed in the sections below.
{"title":"Innovative Energy Management of an Integrated Space and Water Heating System: Case of a Residential Building at CUT","authors":"J. Siecker, K. Kusakana, B. Numbi","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908174","url":null,"abstract":"The energy usage of space heating (SH) and water heating (WH) processes may account for approximately 60% and 24% of the total energy consumption in residential buildings, respectively. This paper proposes the optimal control of an integrated system for water and space heating at the Central University of Technology student residence. The system consists of solar PV modules, batteries, electrolyser, hydrogen storage vessel, fuel-cell, heat pump and domestic hot water storage. The main aim of this study is to propose a method to reduce the energy cost, by applying optimal control of the integrated system operating under the variable Time of Use tariff. The background on the problem statement, the literature review, aim, objective, methodology as well as expected results of the study will be discussed in the sections below.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124849043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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