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Stakeholders Initiative in Reducing Mortality Rates in Traditional Initiations Schools in South Africa: A Reflection Paper 降低南非传统启蒙学校死亡率的利益攸关方倡议:一份反思文件
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/OI.2019.8908254
Whitney Mothosola, P. Rathebe, Charlotte Mokoatle
This paper reflects the joint role of government, parents and the traditional custodians in reducing the high rates of mortality in the traditional initiation schools of South Africa. The main argument raised by this paper is that, traditional initiation schools are very important as they symbolize and signifies the traditional teachings and education employed when initiating young boys to manhood. Many authors recognize that accurate custom practices in initiation could reduce high number of deaths especially in the AmaXhosa clan. However, the solution towards problem in question should be applied across different clan where initiation schools are common in South Africa, and such include the involvement of government to support with legislative framework, traditional custodian to provide guidance and parents to provide necessary support where it is deemed essential for children to attend initiation schools.
本文反映了政府、家长和传统监护人在降低南非传统启蒙学校的高死亡率方面的共同作用。本文提出的主要论点是,传统的启蒙学校是非常重要的,因为它们象征和标志着传统的教导和教育,在引导年轻的男孩成年。许多作者认识到,准确的入会习俗可以减少大量死亡,特别是在AmaXhosa部落。然而,这个问题的解决方案应该适用于不同的部族,因为在南非,启蒙学校很普遍,这包括政府参与支持立法框架,传统监护人提供指导,父母提供必要的支持,如果孩子们被认为必须参加启蒙学校。
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引用次数: 0
Energy Monitoring for Potential Cost Saving in a Typical South African Household 对典型南非家庭的潜在成本节约进行能源监测
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/OI.2019.8908163
S. Marais, K. Kusakana, S. P. Koko
Reducing energy demand in residential sector is an important problem worldwide. This study focuses on the awareness of residents to energy conservation and on the potential of reducing energy demand through energy-saving activities. The knowledge about demand variation in households is fairly limited in South Africa as well as the use of various tools used to analyze the demand. Due to the frequent increase of energy cost at a significant rate, many consumers are looking for ways to reduce the monthly electricity bill. The aim of the project is to identify possible areas where the consumer could reduce consumption in order to reduce the monthly bills. To achieve this, a real-time energy monitoring device “Efergy E2” was installed in the distribution board of a residential home. Among other benefits, the hourly load data analysis can provide the detailed characteristics of load demand, define the consumption patterns and can help to identify where the consumer could reduce the electricity bill. The analysis of results shows that a huge amount of electrical energy is used during peak billing periods of the day under the TOU tariff. With this information the consumer could make use of demand shifting to help reduce the bill.
减少住宅部门的能源需求是一个世界性的重要问题。本研究的重点是居民的节能意识和通过节能活动减少能源需求的潜力。在南非,人们对家庭需求变化的了解相当有限,对分析需求的各种工具的使用也相当有限。由于能源成本经常以显著的速度增长,许多消费者正在寻找减少每月电费的方法。该项目的目的是确定消费者可以减少消费的可能领域,以减少每月的账单。为了实现这一目标,在一个住宅的配电板上安装了一个实时能源监测装置“Efergy E2”。除其他好处外,每小时的负荷数据分析可以提供负荷需求的详细特征,定义消费模式,并可以帮助确定消费者可以减少电费的地方。分析结果表明,在分时电价下,每天的高峰计费时段使用了大量的电能。有了这些信息,消费者可以利用需求转移来帮助减少账单。
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引用次数: 3
A Proposed Framework for Digital Government Services’ Sustainability in the Gauteng Provincial Government (South Africa) 豪登省政府数字政府服务可持续性框架建议(南非)
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/OI.2019.8908223
Morwamokwena B. Masemola, Mampilo M. Phahlane, N. Ochara
In recent years, the growth of technology and the rapid developments in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), have transformed the way people interact with government entities. This article is geared towards examining the sustainability of Digital Government in the Gauteng provincial government of South Africa. Electronic services (e-Services), are part of the provincial government’s department of eGovernment. Both the short-term and long-term plans for electronic services provision in the Gauteng provincial government are assessed by the researcher. The proposed framework will look at three key thematic areas: Governance, Organizational and Managerial, as well as Citizen’s factors in relation to digital government.
近年来,科技的发展和信息通信技术(ICT)的快速发展已经改变了人们与政府机构互动的方式。本文旨在研究南非豪登省政府数字政府的可持续性。电子服务(e-Services)是省政府电子政务部门的一部分。研究者对豪登省政府提供电子服务的短期和长期计划进行了评估。拟议的框架将着眼于三个关键主题领域:管治、组织和管理,以及与数字政府有关的公民因素。
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引用次数: 0
Need for Energy Efficiency and Energy Audit of Buildings in Freetown 弗里敦建筑物能源效率和能源审计的必要性
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/OI.2019.8908251
Bai Kamara, S. Kamara, Redwood Sawyer, D. Kallon
In these modern times electricity is one of the major forms of energy that is mostly consumed and is also in high demand by the increasing global population in to which Sierra Leone is not an exception. As a result of the high demand competing for the low generation capacity of the utilities, the Ministry of Energy of the Sierra Leone Government administration, charged with the responsibility of generating and supplying electricity, is unable to meet this demand. The rationale of carrying out this research is to see how raising awareness levels on the significance of energy efficiency practices, as a recommendation through an energy audit process, would help bring a solution to how to meet the high electricity demand.A quantitative data analysis method was used in this research. 120 structured questionnaires were used in collecting data. From the results analysis, respondents agreed that energy efficiency practices in buildings around Freetown, capital o0f Sierra Leone, would reduce electricity consumption. Furthermore, respondents agreed that an energy audit in buildings around the city of Freetown would help in detecting electricity wastage in these buildings.From the research it is recommended that building owners installed energy efficient equipment during the construction of their buildings. Universities/colleges should make energy studies compulsory for all students entering their institutions, policy makers must recommend to government the reduction of custom duties on all energy efficient electrical products imported into Sierra Leone.
在这些现代时代,电力是主要的能源形式之一,主要被消耗,而且全球人口不断增加,对电力的需求也很高,塞拉利昂也不例外。由于高需求竞争公用事业的低发电能力,负责发电和供电的塞拉利昂政府行政部门的能源部无法满足这种需求。进行这项研究的目的,是要了解如何透过能源审计程序,提高市民对能源效益措施重要性的认识,从而为应付高电力需求提供解决方案。本研究采用定量数据分析方法。采用120份结构化问卷收集数据。从结果分析来看,受访者一致认为,塞拉利昂首都弗里敦周围建筑的节能措施将减少电力消耗。此外,答复者同意对弗里敦市周围的建筑物进行能源审计将有助于发现这些建筑物的电力浪费情况。根据研究,建议建筑业主在建筑施工期间安装节能设备。大学/学院应该强制所有进入他们机构的学生学习能源,政策制定者必须向政府建议减少进口到塞拉利昂的所有节能电气产品的关税。
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引用次数: 2
Analysis of power systems faults with the integration of renewable energy sources 可再生能源并网的电力系统故障分析
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/OI.2019.8908205
K. Moloi, Y. Hamam, J. Jordaan
Recently the growing demand for electricity has led to the increase of integrating renewable energy sources (RES) into the grid. This has proven to be an advantage for both power systems and environmental impacts. The introduction of RES has proven to be effective in minimizing power outages due to electricity shortage. Subsequently, this technology has been effective in preserving the atmosphere. However, RES integration has challenges which they bring into the power grid. In this paper, we analyzed the effect of connecting the wind turbine into the grid under fault conditions. From the results obtained, connecting RES increases the fault current which in-turn has the potential to increase the damages within the power grid.
近年来,电力需求的增长导致可再生能源(RES)并网的增加。事实证明,这对电力系统和环境影响都是有利的。事实证明,可再生能源的引入有效地减少了因电力短缺而造成的停电。随后,这项技术在保护大气方面取得了成效。然而,可再生能源的整合给电网带来了挑战。本文分析了故障条件下风力发电机组并网的效果。从所获得的结果来看,连接RES增加了故障电流,这反过来又有可能增加电网内部的破坏。
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引用次数: 0
Development and utilization OF Polymers in Biomedical Applications 高分子材料在生物医学领域的开发与利用
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/OI.2019.8908248
I. Ibrahim, T. Jamiru, E. Sadiku, Y. Hamam
In recent decades, composites made of polymers have drawn substantial interest for applications in the industries like construction, automobile, electronics, packaging, aviation, just to mention a few. Another critical area where polymer-based composite materials have found remarkable applications is in the biomedical field. This is a result of the valuable properties like lightweight, easy processing, flexibility, high-strength-to-weight, recyclability and availability. Polymers used for biomedical applications should be biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic and meet the right specification for which the material is design for because the human body is constantly in direct contact with the materials. Therefore, the study reported on the method of preparation, improvement of properties and the applications of various polymer-based composites in the human body. From the result, mechanical and physical properties of polymeric composites were improved by the inclusion of nanoparticles.
近几十年来,聚合物制成的复合材料在建筑、汽车、电子、包装、航空等行业的应用中引起了极大的兴趣,仅举几例。高分子复合材料的另一个重要应用领域是生物医学领域。这是由于轻质、易加工、灵活性、高强度重量比、可回收性和可用性等宝贵特性的结果。用于生物医学应用的聚合物应该是可生物降解的、生物相容性的、无毒的,并且符合材料设计的正确规格,因为人体经常直接接触这些材料。因此,本研究报道了各种聚合物基复合材料的制备方法、性能改进及在人体中的应用。结果表明,纳米颗粒的加入提高了聚合物复合材料的力学性能和物理性能。
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引用次数: 0
Development and performance evaluation of a single stage travelling-wave thermo-acoustic generator 单级行波热声发生器的研制与性能评价
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/OI.2019.8908164
H. Shamase, S. Spambo, M. Ngcukayitobi, L. Tartibu, P. Bokoro
Thermo-acoustic systems are being considered as a potential solution for electricity generation. This work describes the construction of a single stage travelling-wave thermo-acoustic generator. Secondly, an experimental investigation into the effect of the heat source on the potential of the device for electricity generation is performed. The magnitude of the sound generated by the engine, the onset time and the magnitude of electricity generated by the linear alternator have been considered as performance indicators for the device developed. This paper provides clarity on the potential for thermo-acoustic system for sound-to-electricity conversion. Clear trends showing the effect of inputs parameters on device performance have been disclosed. The minimum/maximum amount of heat that has produced a sound was 339/634° C corresponding to sound of 114.0/114.13 dB and a voltage of 278/319 mV. Although the efficiency of the sound-to-electricity conversion was low, this work proves the viability of thermo-acoustic as the alternative solution for electricity generation.
热声系统被认为是一种潜在的发电解决方案。本文介绍了一种单级行波热声发生器的结构。其次,实验研究了热源对发电装置电势的影响。发动机产生的声音大小、启动时间和线性交流发电机产生的电力大小被认为是所开发装置的性能指标。本文阐明了热声系统用于声电转换的潜力。已经披露了显示输入参数对设备性能影响的清晰趋势。产生声音的最小/最大热量为339/634°C,对应的声音为114.0/114.13 dB,电压为278/319 mV。虽然声-电转换的效率很低,但这项工作证明了热声作为发电替代方案的可行性。
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引用次数: 0
Facilitated Adoption of Accounting Information Systems: A First Step to Digital Transformation in Township Microenterprises 促进会计信息系统的采用:乡镇微型企业数字化转型的第一步
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/OI.2019.8908236
Raphael Kamanga, Patricia Alexandra
The growth and sustainability of microenterprises has become critical to the development of low-income communities known as Townships in South Africa. Microenterprises are a source of livelihood for many people living in townships. This paper is based on a research that is in progress. The study particularly examined the facilitated adoption of Accounting Information Systems (AIS) as means to develop township microenterprises. Adoption of AIS can be a critical step in the participation of township microenterprises in the formal and digital economy. Townships have a unique historical, cultural and social setting. Entrepreneurs or owner-managers of microenterprises play a pivotal role in the decision to implement and adopt digital technology. The researcher sought theories that could assist a) with gaining insight into the relationship between the entrepreneurs, digital technology and the social context and b) guide and facilitate the adoption of digital technology in the given context.
微型企业的成长和可持续性已成为南非被称为乡镇的低收入社区发展的关键。微型企业是许多乡镇居民的生计来源。这篇论文是基于一项正在进行的研究。这项研究特别审查了促进采用会计信息系统作为发展乡镇微型企业的手段。采用自动系统是乡镇微型企业参与正规经济和数字经济的关键一步。乡镇具有独特的历史、文化和社会背景。微型企业的企业家或业主经理在决定实施和采用数字技术方面发挥着关键作用。研究者寻求的理论可以帮助a)洞察企业家、数字技术和社会背景之间的关系,b)指导和促进数字技术在给定背景下的采用。
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引用次数: 1
A Chemical Analysis of Acid Mine Drainage using Pervious Concrete as a Filtering Medium 透水混凝土作为过滤介质对酸性矿井水的化学分析
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/OI.2019.8908247
A. L. Mafanya, B. D. Kallon, C. P. Simelane
The present report discussed the chemical analysis of acid mine drainage, when pervious concrete is used as a treatment medium of AMD. Acid mine drainage (AMD) is an acidic water that outflows from the abandoned mines, AMD is made up of Iron, Manganese, Calcium, Sulphur, Aluminium and Neon. The shortage of water in South Africa has drawn many interests to publishers to find ways to treat AMD. It was found that pervious concrete has the potential to reduce metal concentration in AMD. A number of concrete cubes were cast to investigate the impact of thickness, stone size and water to cement ratio in the treatment of AMD. These variables were investigated using constant head permeability test. The purpose of the test was to test the various combinations of properties of the pervious concrete on the response, which is the relative metal concentrate removal from the AMD samples. The pervious concrete cubes were constructed using dolomite stone. the results show that granite aggregate have better AMD treatment qualities compared to dolomite, and the results shows that the flow distance have an influence on PH of AMD as it flows through the pervious concrete.
本文讨论了以透水混凝土为处理介质的酸性矿井水的化学分析。酸性矿井水(AMD)是从废弃矿山流出的酸性水,AMD由铁、锰、钙、硫、铝和氖组成。南非的水资源短缺吸引了许多出版商的兴趣,他们希望找到治疗AMD的方法。发现透水混凝土具有降低AMD中金属浓度的潜力。通过浇筑大量混凝土立方体,研究厚度、石材尺寸和水灰比对AMD处理的影响。采用恒水头渗透性试验对这些变量进行了研究。试验的目的是测试透水混凝土的各种性能组合对反应的影响,即从AMD样品中相对去除金属精矿。透水混凝土立方体由白云石建造。结果表明,花岗岩骨料比白云石具有更好的AMD处理质量,且流动距离对AMD在透水混凝土中的PH值有影响。
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引用次数: 0
Structuration Theory-Based Conceptual Framework for Improving Healthcare Services 基于结构理论的医疗服务改进概念框架
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/OI.2019.8908166
Khaya Nunu, I. Shaanika, Maria Mutudi, T. Iyamu
Structuration theory has increasingly been used in Information Systems studies and has been useful in understanding the interaction and relationship between agents and structure which in structuration theory terms is known as duality of structure. This duality is applicable even to the healthcare sector where services and healthcare data influence each other towards the provision of health services to patients. There exists in the health sector, consciously and unconsciously, huge amounts of data which are scattered, inaccessible and not properly managed. This in some cases has led to many patients being wrongly diagnosed based on insufficient information at the point of care. Consequently, there have been losses and damages to lives which contributed to the mortality rates in the country. This study was undertaken on the premise of the highlighted challenges above. The objective was to develop a conceptual framework that can guide the management of data towards the improvement of healthcare services within the South African community. This study employs the interpretive approach where qualitative data were gathered from existing works. The structuration theory, was furthermore, applied as a lens to guide the analysis of the data. From the findings, which include structure, agent, facility, and agency; a framework was developed. The conceptual framework primarily intends to guide and advance the ways in which data is stored, retrieved, managed, and used for improved healthcare services. The usage of data for healthcare services can only improve if its management effectively understands the influencing factors, from both technical and non-technical perspectives. The application of structuration theory as a lens brings a fresh perspective that can add value as well as quality to the use and management of data for healthcare service delivery. Thus, the study can be useful to health practitioners and academics from both theoretical and practical perspectives.
结构理论越来越多地应用于信息系统研究,并有助于理解主体与结构之间的相互作用和关系,在结构理论中被称为结构的对偶性。这种二元性甚至适用于医疗保健部门,在该部门,服务和医疗保健数据在向患者提供医疗服务方面相互影响。卫生部门有意无意地存在着大量分散、难以获取和管理不当的数据。在某些情况下,这导致许多患者在护理点的信息不足的情况下被错误诊断。因此,造成了生命损失和损害,造成了该国的死亡率。这项研究是在上述突出挑战的前提下进行的。其目标是制定一个概念框架,指导数据管理以改善南非社区内的保健服务。本研究采用解释性方法,从现有作品中收集定性数据。在此基础上,以结构理论为视角指导数据分析。从调查结果来看,包括结构,代理人,设施和代理;制定了一个框架。该概念框架主要旨在指导和改进数据的存储、检索、管理和使用方式,以改进医疗保健服务。只有管理人员从技术和非技术角度有效地了解影响因素,医疗保健服务数据的使用才能得到改善。结构理论作为透镜的应用带来了一个新的视角,可以为医疗保健服务提供的数据的使用和管理增加价值和质量。因此,该研究可以从理论和实践的角度对卫生从业人员和学者有用。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2019 Open Innovations (OI)
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