Idi Hadiza, S. Awwalu, A. Mamman, Babadoko Aliyu, A. Hassan, I. Halifa
Background: Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) is the most frequent nutritional deficiency in the world and it is most prevalent in African countries including Nigeria. In pregnant women, IDA is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Aim: This study was to determine the prevalence and some associated risk factors for IDA in the third trimester. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study involving 88 women in the third trimester of pregnancy attending Antenatal Clinic (ANC) of Federal Medical Centre in Nguru, Yobe State, North-East, Nigeria. Complete Blood Count (CBC) and serum ferritin were analysed and relation of serum ferritin with some variables were determined. Results: The mean age, parity, last child birth, haematocrit and ferritin of the study participants were 26.72±6.12years, 3.58±3.43, 1.89`±1.85 years, 32.51±7.41% and 68.87±151.88ng/ml respectively. Overall prevalence of anaemia was 22/88(25%) with the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) being 53/88(60.2%); 10/88(11.4%) had IDA while ID without anaemia was present in 43/88(48.9%). There were no statistically significant correlations between maternal ferritin levels and age, surprisingly to note that ferritin levels were not significantly associated with parity, LCB and GA. Conclusion: We concluded that there was a high burden of third trimester ID among the study population. Maternal age and other assessed risk factors do not have any relationships with third trimester ferritin levels.
{"title":"Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) among Pregnant Women Attending a Tertiary Health Care Facility in North-eastern Nigeria","authors":"Idi Hadiza, S. Awwalu, A. Mamman, Babadoko Aliyu, A. Hassan, I. Halifa","doi":"10.51658/abms.202232.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202232.15","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) is the most frequent nutritional deficiency in the world and it is most prevalent in African countries including Nigeria. In pregnant women, IDA is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Aim: This study was to determine the prevalence and some associated risk factors for IDA in the third trimester. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study involving 88 women in the third trimester of pregnancy attending Antenatal Clinic (ANC) of Federal Medical Centre in Nguru, Yobe State, North-East, Nigeria. Complete Blood Count (CBC) and serum ferritin were analysed and relation of serum ferritin with some variables were determined. Results: The mean age, parity, last child birth, haematocrit and ferritin of the study participants were 26.72±6.12years, 3.58±3.43, 1.89`±1.85 years, 32.51±7.41% and 68.87±151.88ng/ml respectively. Overall prevalence of anaemia was 22/88(25%) with the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) being 53/88(60.2%); 10/88(11.4%) had IDA while ID without anaemia was present in 43/88(48.9%). There were no statistically significant correlations between maternal ferritin levels and age, surprisingly to note that ferritin levels were not significantly associated with parity, LCB and GA. Conclusion: We concluded that there was a high burden of third trimester ID among the study population. Maternal age and other assessed risk factors do not have any relationships with third trimester ferritin levels.","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127085132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kangiwa Nasiru, Shuaibu Basiru, A. Buhari, Gwarzo Isiyaku, Ladan Kabiru, Ahmad Shahzad, Sanusi Kamaldeen, I. Kasimu, Abubakar Murtala
Background: Blindness is a major health problem, and there is an increasing trend of visual acuity impairment among children in developing countries. Vision loss in childhood has serious implications in all stages of a child's growth and development. It poses social, educational and occupational challenges, with affected children being at greater risk of developing behavioural, psychological and emotional problems, lower self-esteem and poorer social integration. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of visual impairment among children in Nigeria. Method: A systematic review of papers published on the prevalence of visual acuity impairment among children in the country was carried out. We covered works published in Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and African Journals Online. Primary search terms included the combination of the following keywords; “prevalence”, “visual acuity”, “visual impairment”, “children”, “Nigeria”. The database search for published articles was done without date restriction till 1st December 2021. The review was restricted to primary research published in English and peer-reviewed journals. Results: Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria out of the 56 studies reviewed. In Nigeria, the prevalence of visual acuity impairments ranged from 1.7% to 26.1%. Conclusion: The prevalence of visual acuity impairment among children in Nigeria is in epidemic proportions. There is a need to pay attention to proper health education; early detection and appropriate management of impaired vision to fight against this health disorder.
{"title":"The Prevalence of Visual Acuity Impairment among Children in Nigeria – A Systematic Review","authors":"Kangiwa Nasiru, Shuaibu Basiru, A. Buhari, Gwarzo Isiyaku, Ladan Kabiru, Ahmad Shahzad, Sanusi Kamaldeen, I. Kasimu, Abubakar Murtala","doi":"10.51658/abms.202231.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202231.7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Blindness is a major health problem, and there is an increasing trend of visual acuity impairment among children in developing countries. Vision loss in childhood has serious implications in all stages of a child's growth and development. It poses social, educational and occupational challenges, with affected children being at greater risk of developing behavioural, psychological and emotional problems, lower self-esteem and poorer social integration. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of visual impairment among children in Nigeria. Method: A systematic review of papers published on the prevalence of visual acuity impairment among children in the country was carried out. We covered works published in Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and African Journals Online. Primary search terms included the combination of the following keywords; “prevalence”, “visual acuity”, “visual impairment”, “children”, “Nigeria”. The database search for published articles was done without date restriction till 1st December 2021. The review was restricted to primary research published in English and peer-reviewed journals. Results: Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria out of the 56 studies reviewed. In Nigeria, the prevalence of visual acuity impairments ranged from 1.7% to 26.1%. Conclusion: The prevalence of visual acuity impairment among children in Nigeria is in epidemic proportions. There is a need to pay attention to proper health education; early detection and appropriate management of impaired vision to fight against this health disorder.","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124592618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Leptadenia hastata (Pers) Decne (Apocynaceae) is a familiar medicinal plant utilized in northern Nigeria either singly or together with conventional drugs to treat diabetes mellitus. Objective: This study investigated the influence of concurrent administration of the methanol leaf extract of L. hastata with Metformin or Glibenclamide on blood glucose handling in normal male Wister rats. Methods: One hundred and twenty-eight normal rats were randomized into 16 groups of 8 rats each. The first group served as a vehicle administered control. Three groups were treated with three increasing doses of the extract using a semilogarithmic scale (50mg/kg, 150mg/kg and 500mg/kg respectively). Another three groups were treated with Glibenclamide at doses of 0.3mg/kg, 1mg/kg and 3mg/kg respectively. Another three groups were treated with metformin at doses of 30mg/kg, 100mg/kg, and 300mg/kg respectively. Another three groups were treated with metformin (100mg/kg) co-administered with the extract at 50mg/kg, metformin 100mg/kg and the extract at 150mg/kg, metformin 100mg/kg and the extract at 500mg/kg respectively. The last three groups received Glibenclamide at 1mg/kg co-administered with the methanol extract at 50mg/kg, Glibenclamide at 1mg/kg with the extract at 150mg/kg, and Glibenclamide 1mg/kg with the extract at 500mg/kg respectively. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted following 8 hours of fasting. Results: The result revealed a significant reduction in the total area under the glucose tolerance curve when metformin was co-administered with the extract in normal rats. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the methanol leaf extract of L. hastata when co-administered with metformin caused an enhancement of the effect of metformin following OGTT in normal rats. Keywords: Blood glucose, extract, metformin, glibenclamide, glucose tolerance.
{"title":"Concurrent Administration of the Methanol Leaf Extract of Leptadenia Hastata (Pers) Decne (Apocynaceae) With Metformin or Glibenclamide Influences Blood Glucose Handling in Normal Rats","authors":"O. Aluefua, A. Chika, Aminu Ishaka, K. Abubakar","doi":"10.51658/abms.202232.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202232.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Leptadenia hastata (Pers) Decne (Apocynaceae) is a familiar medicinal plant utilized in northern Nigeria either singly or together with conventional drugs to treat diabetes mellitus. Objective: This study investigated the influence of concurrent administration of the methanol leaf extract of L. hastata with Metformin or Glibenclamide on blood glucose handling in normal male Wister rats. Methods: One hundred and twenty-eight normal rats were randomized into 16 groups of 8 rats each. The first group served as a vehicle administered control. Three groups were treated with three increasing doses of the extract using a semilogarithmic scale (50mg/kg, 150mg/kg and 500mg/kg respectively). Another three groups were treated with Glibenclamide at doses of 0.3mg/kg, 1mg/kg and 3mg/kg respectively. Another three groups were treated with metformin at doses of 30mg/kg, 100mg/kg, and 300mg/kg respectively. Another three groups were treated with metformin (100mg/kg) co-administered with the extract at 50mg/kg, metformin 100mg/kg and the extract at 150mg/kg, metformin 100mg/kg and the extract at 500mg/kg respectively. The last three groups received Glibenclamide at 1mg/kg co-administered with the methanol extract at 50mg/kg, Glibenclamide at 1mg/kg with the extract at 150mg/kg, and Glibenclamide 1mg/kg with the extract at 500mg/kg respectively. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted following 8 hours of fasting. Results: The result revealed a significant reduction in the total area under the glucose tolerance curve when metformin was co-administered with the extract in normal rats. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the methanol leaf extract of L. hastata when co-administered with metformin caused an enhancement of the effect of metformin following OGTT in normal rats. Keywords: Blood glucose, extract, metformin, glibenclamide, glucose tolerance.","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"281 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124500599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Adamu, A. Adamu, Jabir Iliyasu, A. Muhammad, Dayyabu Dantanin
Background: Unplanned pregnancy is a major public health issue of global concern that is often associated with negative socio-medical problems for both mother and child; estimates have shown that up to 80 million unplanned pregnancies occur worldwide each year. This study determined the prevalence and predictors of unplanned pregnancies among married women in Sokoto metropolis, Sokoto, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 324 married women who were selected via multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using structured questionnaire and analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 26. Results: The age of respondents in this study ranged from 15 to 45 years, with mean age of 30.9± 7.2 years. Most of the respondents were of the Hausa tribe [233(73.7%)] and majority were Muslims [306(96.8%)]. Prevalence of unplanned pregnancy among the respondents was 32.5% (n=103), out of which 34(32.7%) had experienced it between 2-4 times. Among those that had unplanned pregnancy, 79(76.4%) said they carried the pregnancy to term, 17(16.7%) had miscarriage while 7(6.9%) said they aborted it. Significant predictors of unplanned pregnancy were duration of marriage between 5-10 years (p=0.026; OR=0.403; 95% CI= 0.181-0.895), parity (p<0.001; OR=2.981; 95% CI=1.829-4.860) and being in a monogamous relationship (p=0.019; OR=1.911; 95% CI=1.113-3.280). Conclusion: Prevalence of unplanned pregnancy was quite high among married women in Sokoto metropolis. Significant predictors of having unplanned pregnancy include duration of marriage, parity and type of marriage. There is need for women to be educated on the various ways they can prevent having pregnancies that they do not intend to have. Keywords: Prevalence, predictors, unplanned pregnancy, married women, Sokoto metropolis
背景:意外怀孕是全球关注的一个重大公共卫生问题，往往与母亲和儿童的负面社会医学问题有关;据估计，全世界每年发生多达8000万例计划外怀孕。本研究确定了在索科托大都市，索科托，尼日利亚已婚妇女意外怀孕的患病率和预测因素。方法:采用多阶段抽样方法对324名已婚妇女进行描述性横断面研究。采用结构化问卷法收集数据，采用IBM SPSS version 26进行分析。结果:调查对象年龄15 ~ 45岁，平均年龄30.9±7.2岁。其中豪萨族(233人，占73.7%)居多，穆斯林(306人，占96.8%)居多。调查对象中意外怀孕发生率为32.5% (n=103)，其中34人(32.7%)经历过2-4次意外怀孕。在意外怀孕的女性中，79人(76.4%)表示怀孕至足月，17人(16.7%)表示流产，7人(6.9%)表示流产。意外怀孕的显著预测因子为婚姻持续时间5-10年(p=0.026;或= 0.403;95% CI= 0.181-0.895)，奇偶性(p<0.001;或= 2.981;95% CI=1.829-4.860)和一夫一妻制(p=0.019;或= 1.911;95% CI = 1.113 - -3.280)。结论:索科托城区已婚妇女意外妊娠发生率较高。意外怀孕的重要预测因素包括婚姻持续时间、胎次和婚姻类型。有必要对妇女进行教育，使她们了解各种预防不打算怀孕的方法。关键词:患病率，预测因素，意外怀孕，已婚妇女，索科托大都市
{"title":"Prevalence And Predictors of Unplanned Pregnancies among Married Women in Sokoto Metropolis, Northwest, Nigeria","authors":"H. Adamu, A. Adamu, Jabir Iliyasu, A. Muhammad, Dayyabu Dantanin","doi":"10.51658/abms.202232.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202232.7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Unplanned pregnancy is a major public health issue of global concern that is often associated with negative socio-medical problems for both mother and child; estimates have shown that up to 80 million unplanned pregnancies occur worldwide each year. This study determined the prevalence and predictors of unplanned pregnancies among married women in Sokoto metropolis, Sokoto, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 324 married women who were selected via multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using structured questionnaire and analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 26. Results: The age of respondents in this study ranged from 15 to 45 years, with mean age of 30.9± 7.2 years. Most of the respondents were of the Hausa tribe [233(73.7%)] and majority were Muslims [306(96.8%)]. Prevalence of unplanned pregnancy among the respondents was 32.5% (n=103), out of which 34(32.7%) had experienced it between 2-4 times. Among those that had unplanned pregnancy, 79(76.4%) said they carried the pregnancy to term, 17(16.7%) had miscarriage while 7(6.9%) said they aborted it. Significant predictors of unplanned pregnancy were duration of marriage between 5-10 years (p=0.026; OR=0.403; 95% CI= 0.181-0.895), parity (p<0.001; OR=2.981; 95% CI=1.829-4.860) and being in a monogamous relationship (p=0.019; OR=1.911; 95% CI=1.113-3.280). Conclusion: Prevalence of unplanned pregnancy was quite high among married women in Sokoto metropolis. Significant predictors of having unplanned pregnancy include duration of marriage, parity and type of marriage. There is need for women to be educated on the various ways they can prevent having pregnancies that they do not intend to have. Keywords: Prevalence, predictors, unplanned pregnancy, married women, Sokoto metropolis","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124131695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Linear accelerators are so sensitive to variability of temperature, pressure, humidity and dust; thus, weather factors can cause common errors in photon output which in turn can compromise constancy and consistency in precise delivery of tumor dose. Dose checker is such a dose-measuring devices that has an inbuilt correction factor for bunker temperature and pressure changes which ensures the photon output is within the accepted values to the patient. The aim of the study is to find the effect of seasonal changes on Linac and its influence on the patient. Methods: This is a retrospective study and daily records of 6 and 15 MV photon output with their corresponding temperature and pressure from January 2019 and December 2021 were extracted and reviewed. Precision mercury-in-glass thermometer and Barometer (OPUS 10 THI) were used to keep daily records of bunker temperature and pressure while their seasonal behaviours were recorded. Mean values of each month of the year was calculated and arranged according to three seasons of the year; results were represented in graphs, tables and bar charts. Results: The overall mean photon outputs were 0.997 and 0.828 cGy/MU for 6 and 15 MV respectively. The deviation of photon outputs from their reference values were ±2% for 6MV and ±3% for the 15MV energy. The mean bunker temperature was 27.07oC. The overall mean bunker pressure was 977.23 hpa. During harmattan season the temperature and pressure ranged between 26.8-25.4oC and 978-976.1 hpa respectively. In hot season bunker temperature was between 25.7-29.5oC and pressure was between 976.1-975.0 hpa. For the wet season, the temperature was between 29.5-25.7oC, and the corresponding bunker pressure ranged between 980.0-976.3 hpa. Conclusion: The seasons of year influenced variation in bunker temperature and pressure with corresponding seasonal photon output variation despite the use of dose checker. Low photon outputs were recorded during harmattan and hot seasons while higher outputs were recorded during wet season. Keywords: Season; Trend; Photon output, Linear Accelerator
{"title":"Seasonal Photon Output Trend from Linear Accelerator in Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria","authors":"H. Ibrahim, U. Bello","doi":"10.51658/abms.202232.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202232.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Linear accelerators are so sensitive to variability of temperature, pressure, humidity and dust; thus, weather factors can cause common errors in photon output which in turn can compromise constancy and consistency in precise delivery of tumor dose. Dose checker is such a dose-measuring devices that has an inbuilt correction factor for bunker temperature and pressure changes which ensures the photon output is within the accepted values to the patient. The aim of the study is to find the effect of seasonal changes on Linac and its influence on the patient. Methods: This is a retrospective study and daily records of 6 and 15 MV photon output with their corresponding temperature and pressure from January 2019 and December 2021 were extracted and reviewed. Precision mercury-in-glass thermometer and Barometer (OPUS 10 THI) were used to keep daily records of bunker temperature and pressure while their seasonal behaviours were recorded. Mean values of each month of the year was calculated and arranged according to three seasons of the year; results were represented in graphs, tables and bar charts. Results: The overall mean photon outputs were 0.997 and 0.828 cGy/MU for 6 and 15 MV respectively. The deviation of photon outputs from their reference values were ±2% for 6MV and ±3% for the 15MV energy. The mean bunker temperature was 27.07oC. The overall mean bunker pressure was 977.23 hpa. During harmattan season the temperature and pressure ranged between 26.8-25.4oC and 978-976.1 hpa respectively. In hot season bunker temperature was between 25.7-29.5oC and pressure was between 976.1-975.0 hpa. For the wet season, the temperature was between 29.5-25.7oC, and the corresponding bunker pressure ranged between 980.0-976.3 hpa. Conclusion: The seasons of year influenced variation in bunker temperature and pressure with corresponding seasonal photon output variation despite the use of dose checker. Low photon outputs were recorded during harmattan and hot seasons while higher outputs were recorded during wet season. Keywords: Season; Trend; Photon output, Linear Accelerator","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134046661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Jiya, A. Mohammad, I. Adamu, U. Tukur, U. Auwal, B. Muhammad, A. Adamu, K. Isezuo
Background: Adequate complementary feeding entails feeding children aged between 6 and 23 months with foods from four or more food groups at least thrice a day. In introducing complementary feeds, mothers or caregivers adopt various feeding practices which may not comply with standards for optimal infant feeding. Objective: To assess the complementary feeding practices of mothers and caregivers in Sokoto, North-western Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of consenting mothers/caregivers selected through multistage random sampling. Data was obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from a WHO document on indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices, and was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: A total of 353 respondents with a mean (±SD) age of 28.8 ±6.1 years were interviewed. Most 330(93.5%) of the respondents were married and had ≥3 (77.9%) numbers of children. Most (50.7%) of the respondents had no formal education and majority (80.5%) were petty traders. They were mainly 180(51.0%) of low socio-economic status. Most 185(52.4%) of the respondents introduced complementary feeds (CF) before six months and mainly 182(53.1%) in the form of guinea corn gruel. Carbohydrate based feeds were the most 335(94.9%) consumed form of family diet. The minimum nutrient diversity and frequency were met in only 96(27.2%) and 217(61%) of the children, respectively. The minimum acceptable diet was unmet in the majority 285(80.7). Socio-economic class (p=0.002) and community setting (p=0.003) were associated with respondents feeding practices. Middle socio-economic class (p=0.009) and urban community setting (p=0.002) were independent predictors of timely initiation of CF. Conclusion: Majority of the respondents practiced early initiation of complementary feeds. The minimum acceptable diet was unmet in the majority of the children. Socio-economic class and community setting were associated with complementary feeding practices.
{"title":"Complementary feeding practices of mothers and caregivers of under-fives in Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria","authors":"F. Jiya, A. Mohammad, I. Adamu, U. Tukur, U. Auwal, B. Muhammad, A. Adamu, K. Isezuo","doi":"10.51658/abms.202232.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202232.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adequate complementary feeding entails feeding children aged between 6 and 23 months with foods from four or more food groups at least thrice a day. In introducing complementary feeds, mothers or caregivers adopt various feeding practices which may not comply with standards for optimal infant feeding. Objective: To assess the complementary feeding practices of mothers and caregivers in Sokoto, North-western Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of consenting mothers/caregivers selected through multistage random sampling. Data was obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from a WHO document on indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices, and was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: A total of 353 respondents with a mean (±SD) age of 28.8 ±6.1 years were interviewed. Most 330(93.5%) of the respondents were married and had ≥3 (77.9%) numbers of children. Most (50.7%) of the respondents had no formal education and majority (80.5%) were petty traders. They were mainly 180(51.0%) of low socio-economic status. Most 185(52.4%) of the respondents introduced complementary feeds (CF) before six months and mainly 182(53.1%) in the form of guinea corn gruel. Carbohydrate based feeds were the most 335(94.9%) consumed form of family diet. The minimum nutrient diversity and frequency were met in only 96(27.2%) and 217(61%) of the children, respectively. The minimum acceptable diet was unmet in the majority 285(80.7). Socio-economic class (p=0.002) and community setting (p=0.003) were associated with respondents feeding practices. Middle socio-economic class (p=0.009) and urban community setting (p=0.002) were independent predictors of timely initiation of CF. Conclusion: Majority of the respondents practiced early initiation of complementary feeds. The minimum acceptable diet was unmet in the majority of the children. Socio-economic class and community setting were associated with complementary feeding practices.","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131051994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Abba, Kazaure Idris, Musa A. Tabari, Abba Suwaid, Anas Ismail
Background: Knowledge of renal arteries anatomical variations is important for different laparoscopic surgeries, kidney transplantation, oncologic resections and radiological interventional procedures in the abdomen. Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of anatomical variations of renal arteries using C.T. angiograms at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano, to associate the variations with gender and ethnicity and to compare the results with the available findings in the literature. Materials and Method: The computed tomographic renal angiograms of 378 subjects comprising 204 males (54%) and 174 females (46%) with a M: F ratio of 1.2:1 were prospectively obtained from November, 2018 to August, 2019 at the Radiology Department of AKTH. They were then analyzed using SPSS software version 22.0 for the presence of potential anatomical variations. Results: Among the 378 subjects studied, 246 (65.1%) had normal renal artery supply while there were anatomical variations of the renal arteries in 132 (34.9%) subjects but no side preponderance was observed. Early branching of the renal artery was observed in 47 (12.4%) subjects while the presence of at least one accessory renal artery was observed in 85 (22.5%) subjects. The most frequently observed renal anomaly in this study was accessory hilar artery found in 40 kidneys (5.3%). Bilateral renal vasculature variation was detected in 8 (2.1%) subjects. The variations were more frequently seen in males (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The study showed significant prevalence of anatomical variations of renal arteries (34.9%).
{"title":"Computed Tomography Angiographic Evaluation of Anatomical Variations of Renal Arteries at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano-Nigeria","authors":"A. Abba, Kazaure Idris, Musa A. Tabari, Abba Suwaid, Anas Ismail","doi":"10.51658/abms.202232.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202232.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Knowledge of renal arteries anatomical variations is important for different laparoscopic surgeries, kidney transplantation, oncologic resections and radiological interventional procedures in the abdomen. Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of anatomical variations of renal arteries using C.T. angiograms at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano, to associate the variations with gender and ethnicity and to compare the results with the available findings in the literature. Materials and Method: The computed tomographic renal angiograms of 378 subjects comprising 204 males (54%) and 174 females (46%) with a M: F ratio of 1.2:1 were prospectively obtained from November, 2018 to August, 2019 at the Radiology Department of AKTH. They were then analyzed using SPSS software version 22.0 for the presence of potential anatomical variations. Results: Among the 378 subjects studied, 246 (65.1%) had normal renal artery supply while there were anatomical variations of the renal arteries in 132 (34.9%) subjects but no side preponderance was observed. Early branching of the renal artery was observed in 47 (12.4%) subjects while the presence of at least one accessory renal artery was observed in 85 (22.5%) subjects. The most frequently observed renal anomaly in this study was accessory hilar artery found in 40 kidneys (5.3%). Bilateral renal vasculature variation was detected in 8 (2.1%) subjects. The variations were more frequently seen in males (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The study showed significant prevalence of anatomical variations of renal arteries (34.9%).","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127597107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Jiya, A. Mohammad, I. Adamu, U. Tukur, U. Auwal, B. Muhammad, A. Adamu, K. Isezuo
Background: Malnutrition is the largest risk factor in the world for disability and premature mortality among young children, especially in developing countries. A myriad of socio-economic, cultural, and environmental factors have been identified to either improve or negatively affect a child's nutritional status. Objectives: To assess the nutritional status of children under-five years of age in Sokoto, Nigeria, and determine the associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of children aged 6-59 months selected through multistage random sampling. Data was obtained using pretested semi-structured questionnaire and the nutritional indices were determined using WHO anthro v3.2.2. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: Subjects comprised a total of 353 children with a mean (±S.D) age of 26.8 ±14.9 months. Majority 214(60.6%) were females. Most 330(93.5%) of the caregivers were married majority 180(51.0%) were of low socio-economic status. Two hundred and two (57.2%) of the under-fives had normal weight for age, 144(40.8%) of them were severely stunted, most 290 (82.2%) of them had normal weight for height, and 199(56.7%) had normal mid upper arm circumference. Mother/caregiver's age (p=0.012), marital status (p= 0.007), and child's immunization status (p=0.015) were associated with weight for age, marital status (p=0.028) was associated with the weight for height/length, Child's age group category (p<0.001), social class (p=0.036), and community setting (p=0.031) were associated with the height for age, Marital status (p=0.025), child's age group category (p<0.001), history of recent illness (p=0.046), and community setting (p<0.001) were associated with the mid-upper arm circumference. Conclusion: Under nutrition was the main form of malnutrition among the under-fives, with severe stunting predominating. The nutritional status were influenced by some maternal or caregivers' socio-demographic factors, as well as inadequate child immunization and treatment of acute illnesses.
{"title":"Nutritional Status of Under-five Children in Sokoto, Nigeria","authors":"F. Jiya, A. Mohammad, I. Adamu, U. Tukur, U. Auwal, B. Muhammad, A. Adamu, K. Isezuo","doi":"10.51658/abms.202232.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202232.14","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malnutrition is the largest risk factor in the world for disability and premature mortality among young children, especially in developing countries. A myriad of socio-economic, cultural, and environmental factors have been identified to either improve or negatively affect a child's nutritional status. Objectives: To assess the nutritional status of children under-five years of age in Sokoto, Nigeria, and determine the associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of children aged 6-59 months selected through multistage random sampling. Data was obtained using pretested semi-structured questionnaire and the nutritional indices were determined using WHO anthro v3.2.2. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: Subjects comprised a total of 353 children with a mean (±S.D) age of 26.8 ±14.9 months. Majority 214(60.6%) were females. Most 330(93.5%) of the caregivers were married majority 180(51.0%) were of low socio-economic status. Two hundred and two (57.2%) of the under-fives had normal weight for age, 144(40.8%) of them were severely stunted, most 290 (82.2%) of them had normal weight for height, and 199(56.7%) had normal mid upper arm circumference. Mother/caregiver's age (p=0.012), marital status (p= 0.007), and child's immunization status (p=0.015) were associated with weight for age, marital status (p=0.028) was associated with the weight for height/length, Child's age group category (p<0.001), social class (p=0.036), and community setting (p=0.031) were associated with the height for age, Marital status (p=0.025), child's age group category (p<0.001), history of recent illness (p=0.046), and community setting (p<0.001) were associated with the mid-upper arm circumference. Conclusion: Under nutrition was the main form of malnutrition among the under-fives, with severe stunting predominating. The nutritional status were influenced by some maternal or caregivers' socio-demographic factors, as well as inadequate child immunization and treatment of acute illnesses.","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"389 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133273412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Bawa, U. Zubairu, Zulaihatu Sarkin-Pawa, N. Madugu, M. Abdul
Background: Uterine fibroids are the most common tumor of the uterus worldwide, especially in blacks. While surgery remains the goal standard for definitive treatment, huge uterine fibroids pose a peculiar surgical challenge, with a possibly higher risk of complications such as hemorrhage and deep surgical site infection. Methods: A 5-year retrospective review of patients' folders who had surgical treatment for huge uterine fibroids from January 2015 to December 2019 was done. Huge uterine fibroids were defined as uterine size of ≥16 weeks. The patients' sociodemographic profiles, surgical procedure performed, early and delayed post-operative complications were all documented on a structured proforma. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 245 patients had surgical treatments for uterine fibroids. However, 152 case notes were retrieved, of which 135 had huge uterine fibroids. The mean age of the patients was 37.85 ± 7.05 years. Abdominal myomectomy was performed in 108 (80%) of patients, while others had abdominal hysterectomy. Early post-operative complications included 10 (7.2%) with surgical site infection (SSI), 4 (3%) with febrile morbidity, and 3 (2.2%) requiring blood transfusion. Late complications included 6 (4.4%) with delayed SSI, 5 (3.7%) with uterine synechiae, and 2 (1.5%) with endometritis. There was no peri-operative mortality. Uterine sizes, and type of surgery performed showed no differences in complication rates. Nulliparity, and age <40 years showed higher odds of having myomectomy. Conclusion: The most common surgical treatment for huge uterine fibroids is abdominal myomectomy. Surgical treatment is generally safe with low morbidity.
背景:子宫肌瘤是世界范围内最常见的子宫肿瘤，尤其是在黑人中。虽然手术仍然是最终治疗的目标标准，但巨大的子宫肌瘤带来了特殊的手术挑战，可能有更高的并发症风险，如出血和深部手术部位感染。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年12月手术治疗巨大子宫肌瘤患者的5年资料。巨大子宫肌瘤定义为子宫大小≥16周。患者的社会人口统计资料、手术过程、早期和延迟的术后并发症均记录在结构化形式表中。数据分析采用SPSS version 21。结果:手术治疗子宫肌瘤245例。然而，152例记录被检索，其中135例有巨大的子宫肌瘤。患者平均年龄37.85±7.05岁。108例(80%)患者行腹部子宫肌瘤切除术，其余患者行腹部子宫切除术。术后早期并发症包括手术部位感染10例(7.2%)，发热发病4例(3%)，需要输血3例(2.2%)。晚期并发症包括迟发性SSI 6例(4.4%)，子宫粘连5例(3.7%)，子宫内膜炎2例(1.5%)。无围手术期死亡。子宫大小和手术类型在并发症发生率上没有差异。未生育、年龄<40岁的患者有较高的子宫肌瘤切除术的几率。结论:腹肌瘤切除术是治疗巨大子宫肌瘤最常用的方法。手术治疗通常是安全的，发病率低。
{"title":"Surgical Management of Huge Uterine Fibroids in a Northern Nigerian Teaching Hospital","authors":"U. Bawa, U. Zubairu, Zulaihatu Sarkin-Pawa, N. Madugu, M. Abdul","doi":"10.51658/abms.202232.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202232.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Uterine fibroids are the most common tumor of the uterus worldwide, especially in blacks. While surgery remains the goal standard for definitive treatment, huge uterine fibroids pose a peculiar surgical challenge, with a possibly higher risk of complications such as hemorrhage and deep surgical site infection. Methods: A 5-year retrospective review of patients' folders who had surgical treatment for huge uterine fibroids from January 2015 to December 2019 was done. Huge uterine fibroids were defined as uterine size of ≥16 weeks. The patients' sociodemographic profiles, surgical procedure performed, early and delayed post-operative complications were all documented on a structured proforma. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 245 patients had surgical treatments for uterine fibroids. However, 152 case notes were retrieved, of which 135 had huge uterine fibroids. The mean age of the patients was 37.85 ± 7.05 years. Abdominal myomectomy was performed in 108 (80%) of patients, while others had abdominal hysterectomy. Early post-operative complications included 10 (7.2%) with surgical site infection (SSI), 4 (3%) with febrile morbidity, and 3 (2.2%) requiring blood transfusion. Late complications included 6 (4.4%) with delayed SSI, 5 (3.7%) with uterine synechiae, and 2 (1.5%) with endometritis. There was no peri-operative mortality. Uterine sizes, and type of surgery performed showed no differences in complication rates. Nulliparity, and age <40 years showed higher odds of having myomectomy. Conclusion: The most common surgical treatment for huge uterine fibroids is abdominal myomectomy. Surgical treatment is generally safe with low morbidity.","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123725760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) is the most common form of non-neoplastic gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD) that is associated with progression to choriocarcinoma without prompt intervention. The objectives of this study is to morphologically analyze all cases of complete hydatidiform mole in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital using set down criteria, look at the epidemiological pattern and compare with similar studies in order to stimulate proper identification from other forms of moles, hence reduce morbidity and mortality associated with the known complication of progressing to deadly Choriocarcinoma. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study of all molar specimens submitted to Histopathology Pathology Department of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2016. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks and corresponding Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained slides were retrieved. Cases with final diagnosis of complete mole were selected for further detailed microscopic evaluations. The collected data were presented using simple frequency tables and figures including photomicrographs of representative lesions. Results: There were sixty-seven cases of complete hydatidiform mole during the study period out of the 61,780 deliveries, giving an approximate incidence of 1:1000 deliveries in Kano metropolis and its environs. The peak incidence was observed in women between 20- 24 years of age with majority presenting between 11-14weeks of pregnancy. The ratio of complete to partial mole was approximately 3:1. Constant morphologic features associated with CHM includes; villous enlargement, trophoblastic hyperplasia, round shape chorionic villi and fibromyxoid stroma. Least prominent feature of CHM is myxoid stromal type. Conclusion: Complete hydatidiform occurs commonly in the gestational ages of between eleven to fourteen weeks; need histopathologic evaluations and prompt intervention to avoid consequences of both immediate complication such as invasive mole and long-term complication of choriocarcinoma. Keywords: Hydatidiform Mole, Complete Mole, Choriocarcinoma
{"title":"Epidemiological and morphological pattern of complete hydatidiform mole in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano Northwestern Nigeria","authors":"A. Salihu, U. Bello","doi":"10.51658/abms.202232.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202232.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) is the most common form of non-neoplastic gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD) that is associated with progression to choriocarcinoma without prompt intervention. The objectives of this study is to morphologically analyze all cases of complete hydatidiform mole in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital using set down criteria, look at the epidemiological pattern and compare with similar studies in order to stimulate proper identification from other forms of moles, hence reduce morbidity and mortality associated with the known complication of progressing to deadly Choriocarcinoma. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study of all molar specimens submitted to Histopathology Pathology Department of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2016. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks and corresponding Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained slides were retrieved. Cases with final diagnosis of complete mole were selected for further detailed microscopic evaluations. The collected data were presented using simple frequency tables and figures including photomicrographs of representative lesions. Results: There were sixty-seven cases of complete hydatidiform mole during the study period out of the 61,780 deliveries, giving an approximate incidence of 1:1000 deliveries in Kano metropolis and its environs. The peak incidence was observed in women between 20- 24 years of age with majority presenting between 11-14weeks of pregnancy. The ratio of complete to partial mole was approximately 3:1. Constant morphologic features associated with CHM includes; villous enlargement, trophoblastic hyperplasia, round shape chorionic villi and fibromyxoid stroma. Least prominent feature of CHM is myxoid stromal type. Conclusion: Complete hydatidiform occurs commonly in the gestational ages of between eleven to fourteen weeks; need histopathologic evaluations and prompt intervention to avoid consequences of both immediate complication such as invasive mole and long-term complication of choriocarcinoma. Keywords: Hydatidiform Mole, Complete Mole, Choriocarcinoma","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"856 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129116565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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