Background: Diabetes mellitus has been reported to be the primary cause of end-stage renal disease in some Asian and American countries. However, no such data were available among type 2 diabetic patients in North-Western Nigeria. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of proteinuria among type- 2 diabetic patients by measuring the total protein-to-creatinine ratio (TPCR) and to provide some possible recommendations to enhance the level of health care rendered to the patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Spot urine TPCR was performed on 182 diabetic patients who attended the diabetic clinic at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria, from January 2018 to December 2018. Other relevant parameters were extracted from the Chemical Pathology Department register, and the patients' case folders. The data were statistically analysed using SPSS version 23.0 (Chicago IL). Results: Among the total of 182 diabetic patients recruited during the study period, 66(36.3%) were males and 116(63.7%) were females. Out of the patients, (82)45.1% had hypertension; and (105)57.7% of the study population were obese. The overall prevalence of pathological proteinuria (TPCR ≥ 150 mg/mmol creatinine) was found in 116 (63.7%) of the study population. Conclusions: The prevalence of proteinuria is high in the study subjects (63.7%). The high prevalence observed might be a result of kidney disease in a primary healthcare setting. However, this study is a hospital-based finding with a small sample size, therefore, a larger study population size is recommended for future studies. Keywords: prevalence, proteinuria, type 2 diab
背景:在一些亚洲和美洲国家，糖尿病已被报道为终末期肾脏疾病的主要原因。然而，在尼日利亚西北部的2型糖尿病患者中没有这样的数据。本研究旨在通过测定总蛋白与肌酐比值(TPCR)来评估2型糖尿病患者蛋白尿的患病率及其相关危险因素，并为提高患者的医疗保健水平提供一些可能的建议。方法:采用横断面研究。对2018年1月至2018年12月在尼日利亚索科托Usmanu Danfodiyo大学教学医院糖尿病门诊就诊的182名糖尿病患者进行现场尿液TPCR检测。其他相关参数提取自化学病理科的注册表和患者的病例文件夹。数据采用SPSS version 23.0 (Chicago IL)进行统计分析。结果:研究期间共纳入182例糖尿病患者，其中男性66例(36.3%)，女性116例(63.7%)。其中(82)45.1%的患者有高血压;(105)57.7%的研究人群肥胖。病理性蛋白尿(TPCR≥150mg /mmol肌酐)的总体患病率为116例(63.7%)。结论:研究对象蛋白尿患病率较高(63.7%)。观察到的高患病率可能是初级卫生保健环境中肾脏疾病的结果。然而，这项研究是基于医院的小样本量的发现，因此，建议在未来的研究中扩大研究人群规模。关键词:患病率，蛋白尿，2型糖尿病
{"title":"Prevalence of Proteinuria among Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria","authors":"AbdulRahman Muhammad B., K. Saidu","doi":"10.51658/abms.202232.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202232.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus has been reported to be the primary cause of end-stage renal disease in some Asian and American countries. However, no such data were available among type 2 diabetic patients in North-Western Nigeria. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of proteinuria among type- 2 diabetic patients by measuring the total protein-to-creatinine ratio (TPCR) and to provide some possible recommendations to enhance the level of health care rendered to the patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Spot urine TPCR was performed on 182 diabetic patients who attended the diabetic clinic at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria, from January 2018 to December 2018. Other relevant parameters were extracted from the Chemical Pathology Department register, and the patients' case folders. The data were statistically analysed using SPSS version 23.0 (Chicago IL). Results: Among the total of 182 diabetic patients recruited during the study period, 66(36.3%) were males and 116(63.7%) were females. Out of the patients, (82)45.1% had hypertension; and (105)57.7% of the study population were obese. The overall prevalence of pathological proteinuria (TPCR ≥ 150 mg/mmol creatinine) was found in 116 (63.7%) of the study population. Conclusions: The prevalence of proteinuria is high in the study subjects (63.7%). The high prevalence observed might be a result of kidney disease in a primary healthcare setting. However, this study is a hospital-based finding with a small sample size, therefore, a larger study population size is recommended for future studies. Keywords: prevalence, proteinuria, type 2 diab","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114269606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Idris Mohammed, Usman Datti, H. Abdullahi, A. Busari
Background: Women using combined oral contraceptives have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. While the utility of biomarkers such as serum lipids have been well evaluated, serum sialic acid, which has shown some promise as a marker of cardiovascular disease progression has been poorly studied. This study aimed to determine the correlation between sialic acid and lipid profile as risk factors of cardiovascular disease in women on combined oral contraceptives. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 143 women on combined oral contraceptive pill as the study group and 100 age and sex matched healthy controls. Serum levels of Total Sialic Acid (TSA), lipids, and some cardiac biomarkers (Myoglobin, Creatine Kinase-MB and Troponin-I) were measured, summarized as mean (±SD) and compared. Correlation between serum level of sialic acid and each of the measured serum lipid component was subsequently determined using correlation analysis. Results: Sialic acid (1.070±0.117 vs 0.837±0.272), Total cholesterol (3.944±0.918 vs 3.106±0.635), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (2.408±1.085 vs 1.088±0.392), High density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.049±0.421 vs 0.902±0.542) & Triglycerides (1.620±0.703 vs 1.052±0.514) were all significantly (P<0.05) higher in the combined oral contraceptive group than controls respectively. Sialic acid demonstrated a weak but positive correlation with Myoglobin (r= +0.403), Creatine kinase-MB (r= +0.441) and Troponin-I (r= +0.424). While TGs and sialic acid were shown to have a very weakly positive association (r= +0.089), TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C all had very weakly negative correlations (r= -0.136, -0.146, and -0.006, respectively). Conclusion: Combined oral contraceptives use confers an artherogenic lipid profile imparting a positive cardiovascular disease risk. Although sialic acid is significantly higher among combined oral contraceptive users and shows a positive relationship with cardiac biomarkers, it correlates poorly with serum lipids suggesting its limited utility as a CVD marker.
背景:使用联合口服避孕药的妇女患心血管疾病的风险增加。虽然生物标志物(如血脂)的效用已经得到了很好的评估，但血清唾液酸作为心血管疾病进展标志物的研究却很少。本研究旨在确定唾液酸和脂质谱作为联合口服避孕药妇女心血管疾病的危险因素之间的相关性。材料和方法:这是一项横断面研究，143名服用联合口服避孕药的妇女作为研究组，100名年龄和性别匹配的健康对照组。测定血清总唾液酸(TSA)、血脂和一些心脏生物标志物(肌红蛋白、肌酸激酶- mb和肌钙蛋白- i)水平，汇总为平均值(±SD)并进行比较。随后使用相关分析确定血清唾液酸水平与所测血清脂质成分之间的相关性。结果:口服联合避孕药组唾液酸(1.070±0.117 vs 0.837±0.272)、总胆固醇(3.944±0.918 vs 3.106±0.635)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(2.408±1.085 vs 1.088±0.392)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(1.049±0.421 vs 0.902±0.542)、甘油三酯(1.620±0.703 vs 1.052±0.514)均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。唾液酸与肌红蛋白(r= +0.403)、肌酸激酶- mb (r= +0.441)和肌钙蛋白- i (r= +0.424)呈弱正相关。TGs和唾液酸呈极弱正相关(r= +0.089)， TC、LDL-C和HDL-C呈极弱负相关(r分别= -0.136、-0.146和-0.006)。结论:联合使用口服避孕药会导致动脉粥样硬化脂质谱增加心血管疾病的风险。尽管唾液酸在联合口服避孕药使用者中明显较高，并与心脏生物标志物呈正相关，但它与血脂相关性较差，表明其作为心血管疾病标志物的效用有限。
{"title":"Correlation between Serum Sialic Acid, Serum Lipids, Cardiac Troponin I and Myoglobin among Women on Combined Oral Contraceptives","authors":"Idris Mohammed, Usman Datti, H. Abdullahi, A. Busari","doi":"10.51658/abms.202232.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202232.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Women using combined oral contraceptives have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. While the utility of biomarkers such as serum lipids have been well evaluated, serum sialic acid, which has shown some promise as a marker of cardiovascular disease progression has been poorly studied. This study aimed to determine the correlation between sialic acid and lipid profile as risk factors of cardiovascular disease in women on combined oral contraceptives. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 143 women on combined oral contraceptive pill as the study group and 100 age and sex matched healthy controls. Serum levels of Total Sialic Acid (TSA), lipids, and some cardiac biomarkers (Myoglobin, Creatine Kinase-MB and Troponin-I) were measured, summarized as mean (±SD) and compared. Correlation between serum level of sialic acid and each of the measured serum lipid component was subsequently determined using correlation analysis. Results: Sialic acid (1.070±0.117 vs 0.837±0.272), Total cholesterol (3.944±0.918 vs 3.106±0.635), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (2.408±1.085 vs 1.088±0.392), High density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.049±0.421 vs 0.902±0.542) & Triglycerides (1.620±0.703 vs 1.052±0.514) were all significantly (P<0.05) higher in the combined oral contraceptive group than controls respectively. Sialic acid demonstrated a weak but positive correlation with Myoglobin (r= +0.403), Creatine kinase-MB (r= +0.441) and Troponin-I (r= +0.424). While TGs and sialic acid were shown to have a very weakly positive association (r= +0.089), TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C all had very weakly negative correlations (r= -0.136, -0.146, and -0.006, respectively). Conclusion: Combined oral contraceptives use confers an artherogenic lipid profile imparting a positive cardiovascular disease risk. Although sialic acid is significantly higher among combined oral contraceptive users and shows a positive relationship with cardiac biomarkers, it correlates poorly with serum lipids suggesting its limited utility as a CVD marker.","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125486124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Muhammad, Emeka E. Emordi, Mainasara Abdullahi, Bakare Abdulfatahi, Elbashir Jibril, B. Aminu, Fakku Abubakar, S. Kasimu, A. Aminu, D. Mohammed, M. Nasir, Ugege Modupe, B. Makun
Background: Antipsychotic drugs used in the treatment of psychotic disorders have been implicated in negative effects on the blood glucose and lipid profile levels of patients. Methods: We studied the anthropometric parameters and then the plasma glucose and lipid profile levels of one hundred and seventy-two (172) patients between the ages of 18 and 45 years; who are on various oral antipsychotics. Also, forty (40) treatment-naïve psychiatric patients and forty (40) healthy controls were included in the study. The results were analysed using standard methods. Results: The mean plasma glucose level was significantly higher (p<0.05) in psychiatric patients on oral antipsychotic drugs compared to controls. The mean plasma glucose level of treatment-naïve psychiatric patients was also significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to that of healthy controls. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in plasma glucose levels of patients on second-generation antipsychotic drugs compared to those on first-generation antipsychotic drugs. The lipid profile of patients on antipsychotic drugs showed a similar trend. There were significant increases in the plasma levels of Total Cholesterol (TC), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Triglycerides (TG) and a significant decrease in the plasma level of High-Density. However, the plasma TG levels were significantly higher in the typical antipsychotic drugs group. Lipoprotein (HDL) levels of individuals that were on antipsychotics were significantly decreased when compared to healthy controls Conclusion: The lipid profile and plasma glucose concentration were altered by oral antipsychotic drugs in Sokoto, Nigeria. Therefore, it may be clinically expedient to vigorously assess the plasma glucose and lipid profile levels of all patients that are on oral antipsychotic drugs and interventions planned as appropriate. Keywords: Antipsychotic drugs, lipid profile, glucose, Cholesterol, Lipoprotein
{"title":"Assessment of Plasma Glucose and Lipid Profile Dysregulation among Patients on Antipsychotics in Sokoto","authors":"A. Muhammad, Emeka E. Emordi, Mainasara Abdullahi, Bakare Abdulfatahi, Elbashir Jibril, B. Aminu, Fakku Abubakar, S. Kasimu, A. Aminu, D. Mohammed, M. Nasir, Ugege Modupe, B. Makun","doi":"10.51658/abms.202232.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202232.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antipsychotic drugs used in the treatment of psychotic disorders have been implicated in negative effects on the blood glucose and lipid profile levels of patients. Methods: We studied the anthropometric parameters and then the plasma glucose and lipid profile levels of one hundred and seventy-two (172) patients between the ages of 18 and 45 years; who are on various oral antipsychotics. Also, forty (40) treatment-naïve psychiatric patients and forty (40) healthy controls were included in the study. The results were analysed using standard methods. Results: The mean plasma glucose level was significantly higher (p<0.05) in psychiatric patients on oral antipsychotic drugs compared to controls. The mean plasma glucose level of treatment-naïve psychiatric patients was also significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to that of healthy controls. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in plasma glucose levels of patients on second-generation antipsychotic drugs compared to those on first-generation antipsychotic drugs. The lipid profile of patients on antipsychotic drugs showed a similar trend. There were significant increases in the plasma levels of Total Cholesterol (TC), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Triglycerides (TG) and a significant decrease in the plasma level of High-Density. However, the plasma TG levels were significantly higher in the typical antipsychotic drugs group. Lipoprotein (HDL) levels of individuals that were on antipsychotics were significantly decreased when compared to healthy controls Conclusion: The lipid profile and plasma glucose concentration were altered by oral antipsychotic drugs in Sokoto, Nigeria. Therefore, it may be clinically expedient to vigorously assess the plasma glucose and lipid profile levels of all patients that are on oral antipsychotic drugs and interventions planned as appropriate. Keywords: Antipsychotic drugs, lipid profile, glucose, Cholesterol, Lipoprotein","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127411483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aishatu Abubakar-Abdullateef, A. Mohammed, Amina S. Kakangi, Hadiza D. Mohammed, M. D. Lasisi, M. Abdullahi
Background: 'Almajiris' are children who have been sent far away from their homes to study the Quran under the care of a Muslim scholar, also known as 'Mallam'. The Almajiri education system is a common route onto the streets in Northern Nigeria and other parts of West Africa. They face numerous situations which render them vulnerable to developing behavioural difficulties. The aim of this study was to compare behavioural difficulties among Almajiris and pupils of public primary schools in Zaria. The validity of a Hausa version of the self-rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in screening for psychiatric morbidity was also assessed in the course of the study. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional design was employed. 401 participants were selected for inclusion, comprising 200 Almajiris (49.9%) and 201 (50.1%) public primary school pupils. All participants were administered a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-aged Children Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 21 (SPSS-21). Results: Almajiri participants were noted from other parts of West Africa such as Niger Republic. Parents of Almajiris had less formal education than those of public primary school pupils. About 6 in 10 participants, 64.5% and 63.7% of Almajiris and public primary school pupils respectively screened positive for behavioural difficulties. Almajiris reported problems more often than public primary school pupils on the emotional problem, peer problems, hyperactivity and conduct problem scales of the SDQ. The Hausa-translated version of the self-rated SDQ demonstrated a cut-off point of 13 to best be suited for screening psychiatric morbidity. Conclusion: Emotional, conduct, hyperactivity and peer problems were higher among Almajiris than in a public primary school population. It is recommended that the Almajiri system of education in Nigeria be modified earnestly. Keywords: Almajiris, Public School, Northern Nigeria, Behavioural Difficulties
{"title":"Spectrum of Behavioural Difficulties and Validation of the Hausa Version Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) among Almajiris: A Comparative Study","authors":"Aishatu Abubakar-Abdullateef, A. Mohammed, Amina S. Kakangi, Hadiza D. Mohammed, M. D. Lasisi, M. Abdullahi","doi":"10.51658/abms.202231.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202231.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: 'Almajiris' are children who have been sent far away from their homes to study the Quran under the care of a Muslim scholar, also known as 'Mallam'. The Almajiri education system is a common route onto the streets in Northern Nigeria and other parts of West Africa. They face numerous situations which render them vulnerable to developing behavioural difficulties. The aim of this study was to compare behavioural difficulties among Almajiris and pupils of public primary schools in Zaria. The validity of a Hausa version of the self-rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in screening for psychiatric morbidity was also assessed in the course of the study. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional design was employed. 401 participants were selected for inclusion, comprising 200 Almajiris (49.9%) and 201 (50.1%) public primary school pupils. All participants were administered a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-aged Children Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 21 (SPSS-21). Results: Almajiri participants were noted from other parts of West Africa such as Niger Republic. Parents of Almajiris had less formal education than those of public primary school pupils. About 6 in 10 participants, 64.5% and 63.7% of Almajiris and public primary school pupils respectively screened positive for behavioural difficulties. Almajiris reported problems more often than public primary school pupils on the emotional problem, peer problems, hyperactivity and conduct problem scales of the SDQ. The Hausa-translated version of the self-rated SDQ demonstrated a cut-off point of 13 to best be suited for screening psychiatric morbidity. Conclusion: Emotional, conduct, hyperactivity and peer problems were higher among Almajiris than in a public primary school population. It is recommended that the Almajiri system of education in Nigeria be modified earnestly. Keywords: Almajiris, Public School, Northern Nigeria, Behavioural Difficulties","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123526253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Abdullahi, Mungadi I. Arzika, Agwu N. Peter, Abdulwahab-Ahmed Abdullah, Muhammad A. Sadiq, K. Abdullahi, A. Habibullah
Background: Prostatic diseases are common urological conditions confronted by the urologist regularly. The clinical presentations may oftentimes be straightforward but at times challenging due to delayed patients' presentation in our setting, occasional overlap of symptoms and signs or when complications associated with the disease supervene. This study determines the difference in clinical presentations of patients histologically diagnosed with prostatic diseases among urology patients in our clinical setting. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted among 50 urology patients with indication for Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, North-western, Nigeria. Data collected into a semistructured questionnaire and studied included: sociodemographic parameters, clinical symptoms and signs at presentation, International prostate symptoms score (IPSS), co-morbidities, Digital rectal examination (DRE), and histological findings. Results were analyzed using the computer software, IBM statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 25 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA). Relationships between variables were determined using Pearson's chi-square test, and Fisher's exact tests as appropriate. Results: A total of 50 patients were enrolled over the study period with a mean age of 67.32 ± 9.11 years and a range of 50-96 years. Thirty (60.0%) patients had benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) while 20 (40.0%) patients had prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa). One (3.3%) patient with BPH had associated features of chronic prostatitis. The clinical presentations found to be statistically significant in favour of prostatic adenocarcinoma were weight loss, body weakness, cachexia, pallor, and abnormal digital rectal examination. Conclusion: The presence of weight loss, body weakness, cachexia, clinical pallor, and suspicious digital rectal examination at presentation are significant findings to raise a high index of suspicion of the prostate carcinoma. Hence, physicians and urologists coming in contact with prostatic disease patients should be well guided by this in our environment. Keywords: Clinical presentations, prostatic diseases, prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic adenocarcinoma
{"title":"Clinical Presentation of Prostatic Disease Patients in a Hospital Setting","authors":"K. Abdullahi, Mungadi I. Arzika, Agwu N. Peter, Abdulwahab-Ahmed Abdullah, Muhammad A. Sadiq, K. Abdullahi, A. Habibullah","doi":"10.51658/abms.202231.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202231.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prostatic diseases are common urological conditions confronted by the urologist regularly. The clinical presentations may oftentimes be straightforward but at times challenging due to delayed patients' presentation in our setting, occasional overlap of symptoms and signs or when complications associated with the disease supervene. This study determines the difference in clinical presentations of patients histologically diagnosed with prostatic diseases among urology patients in our clinical setting. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted among 50 urology patients with indication for Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, North-western, Nigeria. Data collected into a semistructured questionnaire and studied included: sociodemographic parameters, clinical symptoms and signs at presentation, International prostate symptoms score (IPSS), co-morbidities, Digital rectal examination (DRE), and histological findings. Results were analyzed using the computer software, IBM statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 25 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA). Relationships between variables were determined using Pearson's chi-square test, and Fisher's exact tests as appropriate. Results: A total of 50 patients were enrolled over the study period with a mean age of 67.32 ± 9.11 years and a range of 50-96 years. Thirty (60.0%) patients had benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) while 20 (40.0%) patients had prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa). One (3.3%) patient with BPH had associated features of chronic prostatitis. The clinical presentations found to be statistically significant in favour of prostatic adenocarcinoma were weight loss, body weakness, cachexia, pallor, and abnormal digital rectal examination. Conclusion: The presence of weight loss, body weakness, cachexia, clinical pallor, and suspicious digital rectal examination at presentation are significant findings to raise a high index of suspicion of the prostate carcinoma. Hence, physicians and urologists coming in contact with prostatic disease patients should be well guided by this in our environment. Keywords: Clinical presentations, prostatic diseases, prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic adenocarcinoma","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125779067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Waziri, Sani K. Owolabi, Yusuf K. Gazali, Zainab Ali
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma occurs very rarely in the uterine cervix. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is a form of squamous cell carcinoma with a poor prognosis that primarily affects persons in their late sixties and early seventies. This paper describes a case of Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma in the fifth decade that had spread to the myometrium, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. The macroscopic findings of a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salphingo-oophorectomy revealed an ulcerative fungating tumor distorting the whole cervix and macroscopic invasion of the posterior uterine wall. Histologic features revealed a Basaloid tumour disposed in nest exhibiting peripheral palisading and stromal retraction with most of the nest having comedo pattern of necrosis. The tumour cells are fairly small uniform round cells, with scanty cytoplasm having increased nuclei cytoplasmic ratio with vesicular to open nuclei. Immunohistochemical stains; Cytokeratins, EMA, p63 and Ki-67 showed cytokeratin positivity and EMA strong and diffuse positivity. Keywords: Basaloid Squamous cell Carcinoma, uterine cervix, p63, EMA, Ber-EP4
基底样鳞状细胞癌很少发生在子宫颈。基底样鳞状细胞癌是一种预后不良的鳞状细胞癌，主要影响60多岁和70多岁的人。本文报告一例基底样鳞状细胞癌在第五个十年已经扩散到子宫肌层，卵巢和输卵管。腹部全子宫切除术及双侧卵巢切除术的宏观表现显示溃疡性真菌瘤扭曲整个子宫颈和宏观侵犯子宫后壁。组织学表现为巢内基底细胞样肿瘤，表现为周围栅栏和间质退缩，大部分巢呈粉刺样坏死。肿瘤细胞是相当小而均匀的圆形细胞，胞质稀少，核质比增大，核呈囊状与开放状。免疫组织化学染色;细胞角蛋白、EMA、p63和Ki-67呈细胞角蛋白阳性，EMA呈强阳性和弥漫性阳性。关键词:基底样鳞状细胞癌，宫颈，p63, EMA, Ber-EP4
{"title":"Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix in a Northern Nigerian Hospital: A Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"G. Waziri, Sani K. Owolabi, Yusuf K. Gazali, Zainab Ali","doi":"10.51658/abms.202231.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202231.14","url":null,"abstract":"Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma occurs very rarely in the uterine cervix. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is a form of squamous cell carcinoma with a poor prognosis that primarily affects persons in their late sixties and early seventies. This paper describes a case of Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma in the fifth decade that had spread to the myometrium, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. The macroscopic findings of a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salphingo-oophorectomy revealed an ulcerative fungating tumor distorting the whole cervix and macroscopic invasion of the posterior uterine wall. Histologic features revealed a Basaloid tumour disposed in nest exhibiting peripheral palisading and stromal retraction with most of the nest having comedo pattern of necrosis. The tumour cells are fairly small uniform round cells, with scanty cytoplasm having increased nuclei cytoplasmic ratio with vesicular to open nuclei. Immunohistochemical stains; Cytokeratins, EMA, p63 and Ki-67 showed cytokeratin positivity and EMA strong and diffuse positivity. Keywords: Basaloid Squamous cell Carcinoma, uterine cervix, p63, EMA, Ber-EP4","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127339992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zakiyya Mahmoud, M. Umar, Y. Mohammed, M. Alhassan, O. Babalola, Pamela Sarki, S. S. Bulus
Background: Bacterial contamination from conjunctiva of surgical eye patients may lead to infective endophthalmitis and identification of conjunctival isolates and their antibiotic sensitivity would help in planning appropriate prophylactic interventions. The objective was to determine the predominant conjunctiva bacterial flora in patients scheduled for cataract surgery and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Materials and methods: The study comprised of 275 consecutive adult patients who underwent cataract surgery from January to April 2017 and met the inclusion criteria. The participants' socio-demographic characteristics, social, and medical history were obtained through interviewer-administered Questionnaire. Conjunctival swabs were collected from patients prior to cataract surgery and used to inoculate blood agar and chocolate agar plates and then incubated at 37°C for 18-24 hours. Bacterial identification was then carried out using standard. methods. Susceptibility testing was done on Mueller Hinton agar based on modified Kirby Bauer methods using the following drugs; Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Imipenem, Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Tetracycline and Penicillin. Epi Info 7 software was used for univariate and bivariate data analysis as appropriate. Results: Bacterial growth was seen in 118 (42.9%) of the patients. The bacteria identified were: Staphylococcus epidermidis (48.3%); Staphylococcus aureus (44%); Gram positive bacilli (6%) and Streptococcus species (1.7%). The isolates were susceptible to Imipenem, Cefuroxime, Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Amikacin and Levofloxacin. Resistance to Tetracycline and Penicillin was also recorded. A statistically significant relationship was found between age and culture status (p = 0.0192). Conclusion: The predominant bacteria on the conjunctival sac were Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, which were sensitive to some commonly perioperative antibiotics like chloramphenicol and gentamicin. Keywords: Cataract surgery; Conjunctival flora; Antibiotic sensitivity
背景:眼科手术患者结膜细菌污染可导致感染性眼内炎，鉴定结膜分离菌及其抗生素敏感性有助于制定适当的预防干预措施。目的是确定白内障手术患者的主要结膜菌群及其抗生素敏感性模式。材料与方法:本研究纳入2017年1月至4月连续接受白内障手术的275例成人患者，符合纳入标准。通过访谈者填写的问卷获得参与者的社会人口特征、社会史和病史。白内障手术前收集患者结膜拭子，接种血琼脂和巧克力琼脂平板，37℃孵育18-24小时。然后用标准品进行细菌鉴定。方法。采用改良Kirby Bauer法对Mueller Hinton琼脂进行药敏试验，试验药物为:氯霉素、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星、亚胺培南、头孢呋辛、头孢曲松、头孢他啶、阿米卡星、庆大霉素、四环素和青霉素。适当时使用Epi Info 7软件进行单因素和双因素数据分析。结果:118例(42.9%)患者有细菌生长。检出的细菌有:表皮葡萄球菌(48.3%);金黄色葡萄球菌(44%);革兰氏阳性杆菌(6%)和链球菌(1.7%)。对亚胺培南、头孢呋辛、庆大霉素、氯霉素、阿米卡星、左氧氟沙星敏感。对四环素和青霉素的耐药性也有记录。年龄与文化状况有统计学意义(p = 0.0192)。结论:结膜囊上的优势细菌为表皮葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌，对氯霉素、庆大霉素等围手术期常用抗生素敏感。关键词:白内障手术;结膜植物;抗生素敏感性
{"title":"Conjunctival Bacterial Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery at the National Eye Centre, Kaduna, Nigeria","authors":"Zakiyya Mahmoud, M. Umar, Y. Mohammed, M. Alhassan, O. Babalola, Pamela Sarki, S. S. Bulus","doi":"10.51658/abms.202231.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202231.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bacterial contamination from conjunctiva of surgical eye patients may lead to infective endophthalmitis and identification of conjunctival isolates and their antibiotic sensitivity would help in planning appropriate prophylactic interventions. The objective was to determine the predominant conjunctiva bacterial flora in patients scheduled for cataract surgery and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Materials and methods: The study comprised of 275 consecutive adult patients who underwent cataract surgery from January to April 2017 and met the inclusion criteria. The participants' socio-demographic characteristics, social, and medical history were obtained through interviewer-administered Questionnaire. Conjunctival swabs were collected from patients prior to cataract surgery and used to inoculate blood agar and chocolate agar plates and then incubated at 37°C for 18-24 hours. Bacterial identification was then carried out using standard. methods. Susceptibility testing was done on Mueller Hinton agar based on modified Kirby Bauer methods using the following drugs; Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Imipenem, Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Tetracycline and Penicillin. Epi Info 7 software was used for univariate and bivariate data analysis as appropriate. Results: Bacterial growth was seen in 118 (42.9%) of the patients. The bacteria identified were: Staphylococcus epidermidis (48.3%); Staphylococcus aureus (44%); Gram positive bacilli (6%) and Streptococcus species (1.7%). The isolates were susceptible to Imipenem, Cefuroxime, Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Amikacin and Levofloxacin. Resistance to Tetracycline and Penicillin was also recorded. A statistically significant relationship was found between age and culture status (p = 0.0192). Conclusion: The predominant bacteria on the conjunctival sac were Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, which were sensitive to some commonly perioperative antibiotics like chloramphenicol and gentamicin. Keywords: Cataract surgery; Conjunctival flora; Antibiotic sensitivity","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127629140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Despite the use of Lannea acida A. Rich for the treatment of many ailments, its safety profile has not been well-elucidated. We aim to determine the acute and subacute oral toxicity of methanol extract of stem bark of L. acida on Wistar rats. Materials and methods: For acute toxicity test, adult female Wistar rats (n = 5) received a single oral dose of 3000 mg/kg of methanol extract of stem back of L. acida by gavage at interval of 48 hours, and were observed for general behavior, adverse effects and mortality for 14 days. For subacute toxicity, 24 adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 6/group; male = female, 1:1). Group one received distilled water at th 10 ml/kg body weight while groups two, three and four received 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight of extract orally for 28 days. On the 29 day, rats were euthanized and morphological, biochemical, and hematological parameters determined. Results: Acute oral dose of 3000 mg/kg body weight did not produce any sign of toxicity or mortality in Wistar rats. Subacute treatment showed a decrease in the relative organ weight percent of the kidney at a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight (P < 0.05); a decrease in the serum potassium across all the doses (P < 0.05), and a rise in serum alanine transaminase at 500 mg/kg (P < 0.05). Histology showed varying degrees of hepatic sinusoidal vascular congestion, peri-portal inflammation; as well as tubulointerstitial inflammation and glomerular necrosis at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Conclusion: The acute oral median lethal dose (LD ) of methanol extract of the stem bark of L. acida is greater than 3000 mg/kg body weight. 50 Twenty-eight day daily oral doses of more than 250 mg/kg may have nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects in Wistar rats. Keywords: Lannea acida, Wistar, toxicity, acute, sub-acute
{"title":"Preliminary Toxicity Studies of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Lannea acida A. Rich (Anacardiaceae) in Wistar Rats","authors":"J. Ovosi, B. Bello-Ovosi, A. Zezi, I. Abdu-Aguye","doi":"10.51658/abms.202231.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202231.16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the use of Lannea acida A. Rich for the treatment of many ailments, its safety profile has not been well-elucidated. We aim to determine the acute and subacute oral toxicity of methanol extract of stem bark of L. acida on Wistar rats. Materials and methods: For acute toxicity test, adult female Wistar rats (n = 5) received a single oral dose of 3000 mg/kg of methanol extract of stem back of L. acida by gavage at interval of 48 hours, and were observed for general behavior, adverse effects and mortality for 14 days. For subacute toxicity, 24 adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 6/group; male = female, 1:1). Group one received distilled water at th 10 ml/kg body weight while groups two, three and four received 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight of extract orally for 28 days. On the 29 day, rats were euthanized and morphological, biochemical, and hematological parameters determined. Results: Acute oral dose of 3000 mg/kg body weight did not produce any sign of toxicity or mortality in Wistar rats. Subacute treatment showed a decrease in the relative organ weight percent of the kidney at a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight (P < 0.05); a decrease in the serum potassium across all the doses (P < 0.05), and a rise in serum alanine transaminase at 500 mg/kg (P < 0.05). Histology showed varying degrees of hepatic sinusoidal vascular congestion, peri-portal inflammation; as well as tubulointerstitial inflammation and glomerular necrosis at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Conclusion: The acute oral median lethal dose (LD ) of methanol extract of the stem bark of L. acida is greater than 3000 mg/kg body weight. 50 Twenty-eight day daily oral doses of more than 250 mg/kg may have nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects in Wistar rats. Keywords: Lannea acida, Wistar, toxicity, acute, sub-acute","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122637378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Post-mortem identification of human remains with severe crushing and mutilating skeletal injuries from mass burials and natural disasters, is a challenging forensic procedure. Gender determination from skeletal remains requires a comparison between established ante-mortem data and post-mortem findings from mostly intact, easily recoverable parts of the skeleton, like the skull base sphenoid bone. Computed tomography, being the gold standard for radiological assessment of the paranasal sinuses, offers accurate and precise information about skeletal tissues. The aim of the study was to determine the sex of subjects from measurements of the sphenoid sinus using computerized tomography. Materials and Methods: Computerised tomography images of 323 adult sphenoid sinuses, obtained over a six-year period, from individuals whose ages ranged from 18 to 80 years were recruited, and the study was conducted at the Radiology Department of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, following ethical approval. Images were taken with a GE Brightspeed Multidetector Helical CT Scanner, the anteroposterior, craniocaudal and transverse dimensions were measured on sagittal reformatted, axial and coronal reconstructed CT images respectively, and the volumes were determined. Measurements were taken in millimetres, between the widest points at the middle of the sinus walls from three-dimensional reconstructed images using the RadiAnt Version 4.2 (Medixant, 2017), powered by the Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) viewer software. These images were viewed on bone windows. Results: Sinus volume and the transverse diameter, each correctly classified the sexes of subjects, in 60.4% of cases. However, when all the measured parameters of the sinus were analysed together as a single factor for sex determination, an overall value of 57.6% was obtained. Conclusion: Computerized Tomography measurements of sphenoid sinus dimensions could be useful in support of gender identification in unknown severely damaged human remains with speared sphenoid bone. Keywords: Sex, Sphenoid, CT, Forensic Anthropology
{"title":"Cephalometric Analysis of Sphenoid Sinus Dimensions for Sex Identification: A Radiologic Study","authors":"A. Abdulhameed, A. D. Zagga","doi":"10.51658/abms.202231.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202231.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Post-mortem identification of human remains with severe crushing and mutilating skeletal injuries from mass burials and natural disasters, is a challenging forensic procedure. Gender determination from skeletal remains requires a comparison between established ante-mortem data and post-mortem findings from mostly intact, easily recoverable parts of the skeleton, like the skull base sphenoid bone. Computed tomography, being the gold standard for radiological assessment of the paranasal sinuses, offers accurate and precise information about skeletal tissues. The aim of the study was to determine the sex of subjects from measurements of the sphenoid sinus using computerized tomography. Materials and Methods: Computerised tomography images of 323 adult sphenoid sinuses, obtained over a six-year period, from individuals whose ages ranged from 18 to 80 years were recruited, and the study was conducted at the Radiology Department of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, following ethical approval. Images were taken with a GE Brightspeed Multidetector Helical CT Scanner, the anteroposterior, craniocaudal and transverse dimensions were measured on sagittal reformatted, axial and coronal reconstructed CT images respectively, and the volumes were determined. Measurements were taken in millimetres, between the widest points at the middle of the sinus walls from three-dimensional reconstructed images using the RadiAnt Version 4.2 (Medixant, 2017), powered by the Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) viewer software. These images were viewed on bone windows. Results: Sinus volume and the transverse diameter, each correctly classified the sexes of subjects, in 60.4% of cases. However, when all the measured parameters of the sinus were analysed together as a single factor for sex determination, an overall value of 57.6% was obtained. Conclusion: Computerized Tomography measurements of sphenoid sinus dimensions could be useful in support of gender identification in unknown severely damaged human remains with speared sphenoid bone. Keywords: Sex, Sphenoid, CT, Forensic Anthropology","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122988371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is a common sexually transmitted illness with a large disease burden, with the largest disease burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. Researchers and policymakers can benefit from a source of detailed data on the prevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). Objective: This study determined the seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection among patients presenting with fever at the specialist hospital Sokoto. Methodology: Commercial HSV type-1&-2 specific IgG Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits were used to analyse serum samples from 92 randomly selected patients. The association between infection and socio-demographic characteristics was determined using the Chi-square test using SPSS version 22 (IBM, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was found to be 54.3% (n=50); antibodies to the virus were found in all of the patients. Male patients 21(67.7%) and single patients 23(63.9%) had a higher HSV-2 prevalence than married individuals who constituted 48% of the patients having seropositive HSV (P= 0.141). Those who did not practice protective sex had a higher seroprevalence of HSV-2 (52.8 %: 28/53). Conclusion: HSV-2 infection was found in more than half of the patients. It is therefore recommended that comprehensive, large nationally surveys should be carried out to guide policy and planning. Keywords: Sero-prevalence, HSV-2, Sokoto
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type Two in Patients Attending General Outpatient Clinic in Sokoto","authors":"S. Hudu, N. Hamal","doi":"10.51658/abms.202231.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202231.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is a common sexually transmitted illness with a large disease burden, with the largest disease burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. Researchers and policymakers can benefit from a source of detailed data on the prevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). Objective: This study determined the seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection among patients presenting with fever at the specialist hospital Sokoto. Methodology: Commercial HSV type-1&-2 specific IgG Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits were used to analyse serum samples from 92 randomly selected patients. The association between infection and socio-demographic characteristics was determined using the Chi-square test using SPSS version 22 (IBM, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was found to be 54.3% (n=50); antibodies to the virus were found in all of the patients. Male patients 21(67.7%) and single patients 23(63.9%) had a higher HSV-2 prevalence than married individuals who constituted 48% of the patients having seropositive HSV (P= 0.141). Those who did not practice protective sex had a higher seroprevalence of HSV-2 (52.8 %: 28/53). Conclusion: HSV-2 infection was found in more than half of the patients. It is therefore recommended that comprehensive, large nationally surveys should be carried out to guide policy and planning. Keywords: Sero-prevalence, HSV-2, Sokoto","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125769957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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