Background: The need to establish the normal parameters of the macular is important for early detection of its changes in various causes of maculopathy. Objectives: To determine the normative values for macular thickness in healthy Nigerian adults in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria and to correlate macular thickness values with gender, age, axial length, refractive errors, and intraocular pressure in adults using Stratus Optical Coherence Tomography. Material and Methods: Consenting 178 (101 males and 77 females) adult Nigerians with normal eyes were recruited and examined using Carl Zeiss Stratus Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) machine Model 3000 software version 4.0 from December 2014 – December 2015. Results: One hundred and seventy-eight (178) eyes of 178 subjects were assessed. Mean age of subjects was 36.4 ± 11.7 years. Mean Total Macular Thickness (MTMT), was found to be 238.03 ± 16.83μm with an average of 240.45 ± 17.34μm in males and 234.84 ± 15.70μm in females. Significant correlation between MTMT with age (P = 0.000) and parity (0.043) was observed but not with ethnicity, axial length and refractive error (P = 0.315, 0.551 and 0.071 respectively).Mean Central Foveal Thickness (MCFT) was found to be 180.30 ± 19.22μm. However, it was 185.73 ± 18.06μm in males and 173.18 ± 18.46μm in females. MCFT was significantly higher in males than females (P = 0.000). Conclusion: Total macular thickness and central foveal thickness measurements in healthy Nigerian adult eyes in Zaria are presented in this study and results are comparable to that reported in previous studies. However, large population study is required in Nigeria six geopolitical zones in order to derive a reference value for the country. Keywords: Eye, Macular, Optical Coherence Tomography
{"title":"Macular Thickness Measurements Using Stratus Optical Coherence Tomography in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria","authors":"F. Garba, Fatima A Mahmud-Ajeigbe, V. Pam","doi":"10.51658/abms.202231.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202231.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The need to establish the normal parameters of the macular is important for early detection of its changes in various causes of maculopathy. Objectives: To determine the normative values for macular thickness in healthy Nigerian adults in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria and to correlate macular thickness values with gender, age, axial length, refractive errors, and intraocular pressure in adults using Stratus Optical Coherence Tomography. Material and Methods: Consenting 178 (101 males and 77 females) adult Nigerians with normal eyes were recruited and examined using Carl Zeiss Stratus Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) machine Model 3000 software version 4.0 from December 2014 – December 2015. Results: One hundred and seventy-eight (178) eyes of 178 subjects were assessed. Mean age of subjects was 36.4 ± 11.7 years. Mean Total Macular Thickness (MTMT), was found to be 238.03 ± 16.83μm with an average of 240.45 ± 17.34μm in males and 234.84 ± 15.70μm in females. Significant correlation between MTMT with age (P = 0.000) and parity (0.043) was observed but not with ethnicity, axial length and refractive error (P = 0.315, 0.551 and 0.071 respectively).Mean Central Foveal Thickness (MCFT) was found to be 180.30 ± 19.22μm. However, it was 185.73 ± 18.06μm in males and 173.18 ± 18.46μm in females. MCFT was significantly higher in males than females (P = 0.000). Conclusion: Total macular thickness and central foveal thickness measurements in healthy Nigerian adult eyes in Zaria are presented in this study and results are comparable to that reported in previous studies. However, large population study is required in Nigeria six geopolitical zones in order to derive a reference value for the country. Keywords: Eye, Macular, Optical Coherence Tomography","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124762238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Nephropathy is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidities among type 2 diabetic patients globally. Early detection through regular screening for micro-albuminuria has proven immense value. This study aims to assess renal function status of type 2 diabetic patients in a tertiary health institution in Nigeria. Method: This study involves 132 type 2 diabetic patients and 50 apparently healthy controls. Blood specimens were used to assay plasma creatinine, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), urea levels and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), while early morning midstream urine was collected for albumin and creatinine. Albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were calculated. Data were analysed using SPSS 15.0. Variables were expressed as mean ±SD. Student T-test was used to compare means, and p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: When compared to controls, diabetic patients had significantly higher (p<0.05) BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, ACR, mean urine albumin excretion, FPG, and HbA1c. However, the estimated glomerular filtration rate in the cases was significantly lower (p<0.05) than in the control. Furthermore, serum creatinine, HbA1c, FPG, and eGFR increased significantly (p<0.05) in normal, micro, and macro-albuminuric type 2 diabetic patients compared to controls. Conclusion: When compared to prior studies, our study found an alarming increase in the incidence of diabetic nephropathy in our sample population. This necessitates immediate intervention in the management of type 2 diabetic patients through early screening for micro- and macro-albuminuria via tight and good glycaemic control techniques. Keywords: type 2 diabetes, renal function, albuminuria
{"title":"Assessment of Renal Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria","authors":"Muhammad B. AbdulRahman, Jibril M. El-Bashir","doi":"10.51658/abms.202231.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202231.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nephropathy is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidities among type 2 diabetic patients globally. Early detection through regular screening for micro-albuminuria has proven immense value. This study aims to assess renal function status of type 2 diabetic patients in a tertiary health institution in Nigeria. Method: This study involves 132 type 2 diabetic patients and 50 apparently healthy controls. Blood specimens were used to assay plasma creatinine, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), urea levels and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), while early morning midstream urine was collected for albumin and creatinine. Albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were calculated. Data were analysed using SPSS 15.0. Variables were expressed as mean ±SD. Student T-test was used to compare means, and p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: When compared to controls, diabetic patients had significantly higher (p<0.05) BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, ACR, mean urine albumin excretion, FPG, and HbA1c. However, the estimated glomerular filtration rate in the cases was significantly lower (p<0.05) than in the control. Furthermore, serum creatinine, HbA1c, FPG, and eGFR increased significantly (p<0.05) in normal, micro, and macro-albuminuric type 2 diabetic patients compared to controls. Conclusion: When compared to prior studies, our study found an alarming increase in the incidence of diabetic nephropathy in our sample population. This necessitates immediate intervention in the management of type 2 diabetic patients through early screening for micro- and macro-albuminuria via tight and good glycaemic control techniques. Keywords: type 2 diabetes, renal function, albuminuria","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129531488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kasimu, A. Mainasara, M. Abdulrahman, A. Bello, A.A. Fakku, A. Abdullahi
Parameters assessing iron stores have been established for years and have helped manage iron-deficiency states. Though, bone marrow examination remained the gold standard for diagnosing iron deficiency. However, several studies have been able to identify the critical role of serum ferritin in the storage of iron. This review explores the physical properties of serum ferritin and its importance as a marker for iron storage. The literature on the subject was searched using manual library search, journal articles, internet search, and conference abstracts in recognized databases of PUBMED, Google Scholar, and AJOL. Serum ferritin was a good marker for iron storage in identifying iron deficiency anaemia in early and late pregnancy and other medical conditions not associated with febrile illness. Several parameters like Hemoglobin (Hb), Mean Cell Volume (MCV), and Transferrin Saturation currently being used as a marker for assessing iron stores have their setback. The serum ferritin concentration correlates well with iron store and red cell indices. However, despite its easy and affordable procedure, serum ferritin concentration is not a routinely requested investigation in the clinic for assessing iron stores in patients, particularly pregnant women in Nigeria. Introducing estimation of serum ferritin into clinical practice will enhance early detection and management of iron deficiency anaemia. Keywords: Iron store, serum ferritin, Haemoglobin.
{"title":"Serum Ferritin - A Marker for Iron Store: A Review","authors":"S. Kasimu, A. Mainasara, M. Abdulrahman, A. Bello, A.A. Fakku, A. Abdullahi","doi":"10.51658/abms.202231.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202231.15","url":null,"abstract":"Parameters assessing iron stores have been established for years and have helped manage iron-deficiency states. Though, bone marrow examination remained the gold standard for diagnosing iron deficiency. However, several studies have been able to identify the critical role of serum ferritin in the storage of iron. This review explores the physical properties of serum ferritin and its importance as a marker for iron storage. The literature on the subject was searched using manual library search, journal articles, internet search, and conference abstracts in recognized databases of PUBMED, Google Scholar, and AJOL. Serum ferritin was a good marker for iron storage in identifying iron deficiency anaemia in early and late pregnancy and other medical conditions not associated with febrile illness. Several parameters like Hemoglobin (Hb), Mean Cell Volume (MCV), and Transferrin Saturation currently being used as a marker for assessing iron stores have their setback. The serum ferritin concentration correlates well with iron store and red cell indices. However, despite its easy and affordable procedure, serum ferritin concentration is not a routinely requested investigation in the clinic for assessing iron stores in patients, particularly pregnant women in Nigeria. Introducing estimation of serum ferritin into clinical practice will enhance early detection and management of iron deficiency anaemia. Keywords: Iron store, serum ferritin, Haemoglobin.","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121342931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD), encompassing gastric and duodenal ulcers is the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorder. The pathophysiology of PUD involves an imbalance between offensive factors like acid, pepsin and defensive factors such as nitric oxide and growth factors. The clinical evaluation of antiulcer drugs showed tolerance, incidence of relapses and side effects that make their efficacy arguable. Local folklore claims showed that Date (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) has a gastric beneficial role in humans. This study was therefore carried out to examine the effects of Dates on stimulated gastric acid secretion (GAS) in the Wister rats. Materials/Methods: Three groups of rats consisting of 5 rats (180- 200g) each were treated with aqueous undialyzed extract of Dates (1.5mg/kg, 2.5mg/kg and 4.0mg/kg) orally for 21 days, while the fourth group were given distilled water for the same number of days. At the last day of the treatment, the rats were fasted for 24 hours, anaesthetized with ketamine. GAS (mEq/l) induced by histamine, carbachol and pentagastrin administration was assessed by continuous perfusion technique. Data were analyzed using student's T-test and ANOVA at p≤ 0.05. Results: The aqueous extract of undialyzed Dates significantly decreased (p≤ 0.05) GAS induced by the histamine, carbachol and pentagastrin in a dose-dependent manner over 80 minutes period in all the treated groups. Conclusion: Date extract exhibited a graded dose-dependent decrease in gastric acid secretion. Keywords: Date, Gastric, Pentagastrin, Histamine and Carbachol
{"title":"Effect of Date (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) on Stimulated Gastric Acid Secretion in Wistar rats","authors":"Ladan K. Abdullahi, O. Chinedu","doi":"10.51658/abms.202231.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202231.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD), encompassing gastric and duodenal ulcers is the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorder. The pathophysiology of PUD involves an imbalance between offensive factors like acid, pepsin and defensive factors such as nitric oxide and growth factors. The clinical evaluation of antiulcer drugs showed tolerance, incidence of relapses and side effects that make their efficacy arguable. Local folklore claims showed that Date (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) has a gastric beneficial role in humans. This study was therefore carried out to examine the effects of Dates on stimulated gastric acid secretion (GAS) in the Wister rats. Materials/Methods: Three groups of rats consisting of 5 rats (180- 200g) each were treated with aqueous undialyzed extract of Dates (1.5mg/kg, 2.5mg/kg and 4.0mg/kg) orally for 21 days, while the fourth group were given distilled water for the same number of days. At the last day of the treatment, the rats were fasted for 24 hours, anaesthetized with ketamine. GAS (mEq/l) induced by histamine, carbachol and pentagastrin administration was assessed by continuous perfusion technique. Data were analyzed using student's T-test and ANOVA at p≤ 0.05. Results: The aqueous extract of undialyzed Dates significantly decreased (p≤ 0.05) GAS induced by the histamine, carbachol and pentagastrin in a dose-dependent manner over 80 minutes period in all the treated groups. Conclusion: Date extract exhibited a graded dose-dependent decrease in gastric acid secretion. Keywords: Date, Gastric, Pentagastrin, Histamine and Carbachol","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129040742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Poor involvement of male partners in maternal health issues has been identified as one of the major contributors of high maternal mortality in developing countries. Women from diverse socio-cultural background have varying opinions on the level of involvement of their male partners in their reproductive health matters. This study assessed the attitude of pregnant women towards the involvement of their male partners in birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) in selected rural communities of Sokoto state, northwest Nigeria. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study design was used to study 268 pregnant women who were selected from two rural communities via a multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23. Results: Mean age of respondents was 26.45 ±6.29 years; majority [202(75.4%)] were of the Hausa ethnic group and only 39(14.6%) had formal education. Up to 178(66.4%) of the women agreed it is important for men to prepare for childbirth, 180(67.2%) agreed male partners should make joint decision with wife on matters concerning pregnancy; however, less than half [116(43.4%)] agreed it is important for women to deliver in the hospital and 35.4% believed it is not important for men to accompany wives to hospital for delivery. Overall, 173(65%) had positive attitude towards husbands' involvement in BPCR and the major influencing factors were literacy, knowledge of danger signs and BPCR (p<0.001) Conclusion/Recommendations: Though up to two-thirds of the respondents had positive attitude, a significant proportion expressed negative attitude towards some male involvement practices. There is need for government to educate more women especially on the importance of male involvement in BPCR. Key words:Attitude, pregnant women, male involvement, birth preparedness, Sokoto
背景:男性伴侣对产妇保健问题参与不足已被确定为发展中国家产妇死亡率高的主要原因之一。来自不同社会文化背景的妇女对其男性伴侣参与其生殖健康事务的程度有不同的看法。本研究评估了尼日利亚西北部索科托州选定农村社区孕妇对其男性伴侣参与分娩准备和并发症准备(BPCR)的态度。材料与方法:采用横断面研究设计，采用多阶段抽样技术，从两个农村社区选取268名孕妇进行研究。采用结构化问卷收集数据，并使用IBM SPSS version 23进行分析。结果:受访者平均年龄26.45±6.29岁;大多数[202人(75.4%)]是豪萨族，只有39人(14.6%)受过正规教育。多达178名(66.4%)妇女同意男性为分娩做准备很重要，180名(67.2%)妇女同意男性伴侣应与妻子共同决定有关怀孕的事宜;然而，不到一半的人[116人(43.4%)]认为女性在医院分娩很重要，35.4%的人认为男性陪妻子去医院分娩并不重要。总体而言，173人(65%)对丈夫参与BPCR持积极态度，主要影响因素是文化程度、危险标志知识和BPCR (p<0.001)。结论/建议:尽管高达三分之二的受访者持积极态度，但相当大比例的受访者对一些男性参与的做法持消极态度。政府需要教育更多的妇女，特别是男性参与BPCR的重要性。关键词:态度，孕妇，男性参与，分娩准备，索科托
{"title":"Attitude of pregnant women towards male involvement in birth preparedness and complication readiness in selected rural communities of Sokoto state, northwest Nigeria","authors":"H. Adamu, O. Oche, A. Kaoje, Fatima Z. Bello","doi":"10.51658/abms.202231.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202231.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Poor involvement of male partners in maternal health issues has been identified as one of the major contributors of high maternal mortality in developing countries. Women from diverse socio-cultural background have varying opinions on the level of involvement of their male partners in their reproductive health matters. This study assessed the attitude of pregnant women towards the involvement of their male partners in birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) in selected rural communities of Sokoto state, northwest Nigeria. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study design was used to study 268 pregnant women who were selected from two rural communities via a multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23. Results: Mean age of respondents was 26.45 ±6.29 years; majority [202(75.4%)] were of the Hausa ethnic group and only 39(14.6%) had formal education. Up to 178(66.4%) of the women agreed it is important for men to prepare for childbirth, 180(67.2%) agreed male partners should make joint decision with wife on matters concerning pregnancy; however, less than half [116(43.4%)] agreed it is important for women to deliver in the hospital and 35.4% believed it is not important for men to accompany wives to hospital for delivery. Overall, 173(65%) had positive attitude towards husbands' involvement in BPCR and the major influencing factors were literacy, knowledge of danger signs and BPCR (p<0.001) Conclusion/Recommendations: Though up to two-thirds of the respondents had positive attitude, a significant proportion expressed negative attitude towards some male involvement practices. There is need for government to educate more women especially on the importance of male involvement in BPCR. Key words:Attitude, pregnant women, male involvement, birth preparedness, Sokoto","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123932623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danimoh M Abdulsalam, S. Idris, A. J. Difa, A. Mohammed, A. Olorukooba, I. I. Ainavi
Introduction: Complementary feeding plays an important role in children's growth and development. Exclusive breastfeeding provides the best source of nutrients at early stage of life but beyond six months, more nutrients are required than are generally available from breast milk alone. This makes the child vulnerable to developing malnutrition. This study aims to assess the knowledge, practices and factors affecting complementary feeding practices among Fulani mothers in Makarfi Local Government Area, Kaduna state. Methods: The study was cross-sectional in design. A sample of 209 respondents (mother/caregiver – child pair) was selected using a multistage sampling technique. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Mothers' knowledge of complementary feeding and the quality of complementary feeding practices were assessed and scored. Bivariate analysis (Chi square and Fishers' exact test) was used to test for association between socio-demographic factors, and mothers' knowledge, and complementary feeding practices. Statistical significance was determined at an alpha level of 0.05. Results: Results revealed that 93.3% of the Fulani mothers had poor knowledge while only 27.5% had good practices of complementary feeding. The pattern of complementary feeding was characterized by poor dietary diversity. There was a significant association between child's age (p < 0.01); fathers' occupation (p = 0.05) and complementary feeding practices. Conclusion and Recommendations: The study showed that the overall knowledge and practice of complementary feeding among the Fulani mothers/caregivers were poor. Therefore, the need for more education by the state ministry of health, targeted at Fulani mothers towards improving knowledge and practices on complementary feeding. Keywords: Infant feeding, Knowledge, Practices, Complementary feeding, Makarfi, Fulan
{"title":"Complementary feeding practices and its determinants among Fulani mothers in rural Kaduna State, Northwest, Nigeria","authors":"Danimoh M Abdulsalam, S. Idris, A. J. Difa, A. Mohammed, A. Olorukooba, I. I. Ainavi","doi":"10.51658/abms.202231.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202231.9","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Complementary feeding plays an important role in children's growth and development. Exclusive breastfeeding provides the best source of nutrients at early stage of life but beyond six months, more nutrients are required than are generally available from breast milk alone. This makes the child vulnerable to developing malnutrition. This study aims to assess the knowledge, practices and factors affecting complementary feeding practices among Fulani mothers in Makarfi Local Government Area, Kaduna state. Methods: The study was cross-sectional in design. A sample of 209 respondents (mother/caregiver – child pair) was selected using a multistage sampling technique. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Mothers' knowledge of complementary feeding and the quality of complementary feeding practices were assessed and scored. Bivariate analysis (Chi square and Fishers' exact test) was used to test for association between socio-demographic factors, and mothers' knowledge, and complementary feeding practices. Statistical significance was determined at an alpha level of 0.05. Results: Results revealed that 93.3% of the Fulani mothers had poor knowledge while only 27.5% had good practices of complementary feeding. The pattern of complementary feeding was characterized by poor dietary diversity. There was a significant association between child's age (p < 0.01); fathers' occupation (p = 0.05) and complementary feeding practices. Conclusion and Recommendations: The study showed that the overall knowledge and practice of complementary feeding among the Fulani mothers/caregivers were poor. Therefore, the need for more education by the state ministry of health, targeted at Fulani mothers towards improving knowledge and practices on complementary feeding. Keywords: Infant feeding, Knowledge, Practices, Complementary feeding, Makarfi, Fulan","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123758207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Yunusa, Muhammed M. Bello, M. Babazhitsu, Abdullahi I. Rini, Bashir S. Sidi, Muhammed H. Taqiyya
Background: Stress is a complex phenomenon, whose underlying causes, manifestations and response strategies vary from person to person. Stress is as much as a psychological issue as it is a physical health problem. Stress manifest itself in various ways including poor cognitive development, poor academic performance and sometimes mental health problems. This study aimed to assess the academic stress and academic performance of medical students in a tertiary institution, Sokoto, Nigeria. Materials/Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between August and September, 2021, among 149 medical students. Students' Academic Stress Scale (SASS) and a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire were used to elicit information from respondents using a web form. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25. Level of significance was set at p = 0.05. Results: Majority (92%), of undergraduate medical trainee perceived the training as stressful. The major stressors identified were examination syllabus (89.2%), difficulty in remembering all that was studied (85.2%) and worrying about examinations (77.1%). The academic performance was pass grade for more than half of respondents 89(59.7%) and credit/distinction for 60(40.3%). Students with no academic stress had a better academic performance (75.5%) as compared to those with academic stress (37.2%), and the difference was statistically 2 significant (χ =13.401, p = 0.034). Conclusion: Majority of the students interviewed perceived their training as stressful. Therefore, there is an urgent need for medical educator to introduce stress management courses or programs into curriculum. Keywords: Stress, Academic performance, Medical students
背景:压力是一种复杂的现象，其潜在的原因、表现和应对策略因人而异。压力既是一个心理问题，也是一个身体健康问题。压力以各种方式表现出来，包括认知能力发展差、学习成绩差，有时还会出现心理健康问题。本研究旨在评估尼日利亚索科托某高等院校医学生的学业压力和学业表现。材料/方法:于2021年8月至9月对149名医学生进行横断面研究。采用学生学业压力量表(SASS)和半结构化自我管理问卷，通过网络形式从被调查者中获取信息。数据分析采用IBM SPSS version 25。p = 0.05为显著性水平。结果:绝大多数(92%)的本科医学实习生认为培训有压力。主要压力源为考试大纲(89.2%)、记忆困难(85.2%)和担心考试(77.1%)。一半以上的人的学业成绩为及格89分(59.7%)，60分(40.3%)。无学业压力学生的学业成绩(75.5%)优于有学业压力学生(37.2%)，差异有统计学意义(χ =13.401, p = 0.034)。结论:大多数受访学生认为他们的训练有压力。因此，医学教育工作者迫切需要在课程中引入压力管理课程或项目。关键词:压力，学习成绩，医学生
{"title":"Assessment of Academic Stress and Academic Performance of Medical Students in a Tertiary Institution in Sokoto, Nigeria","authors":"E. Yunusa, Muhammed M. Bello, M. Babazhitsu, Abdullahi I. Rini, Bashir S. Sidi, Muhammed H. Taqiyya","doi":"10.51658/abms.202231.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202231.17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stress is a complex phenomenon, whose underlying causes, manifestations and response strategies vary from person to person. Stress is as much as a psychological issue as it is a physical health problem. Stress manifest itself in various ways including poor cognitive development, poor academic performance and sometimes mental health problems. This study aimed to assess the academic stress and academic performance of medical students in a tertiary institution, Sokoto, Nigeria. Materials/Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between August and September, 2021, among 149 medical students. Students' Academic Stress Scale (SASS) and a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire were used to elicit information from respondents using a web form. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25. Level of significance was set at p = 0.05. Results: Majority (92%), of undergraduate medical trainee perceived the training as stressful. The major stressors identified were examination syllabus (89.2%), difficulty in remembering all that was studied (85.2%) and worrying about examinations (77.1%). The academic performance was pass grade for more than half of respondents 89(59.7%) and credit/distinction for 60(40.3%). Students with no academic stress had a better academic performance (75.5%) as compared to those with academic stress (37.2%), and the difference was statistically 2 significant (χ =13.401, p = 0.034). Conclusion: Majority of the students interviewed perceived their training as stressful. Therefore, there is an urgent need for medical educator to introduce stress management courses or programs into curriculum. Keywords: Stress, Academic performance, Medical students","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132565501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunusa Abdulmajeed, Oluwasegun E. Ayobami, A. Chika, Jimoh O. Abdulgafar, Tukur U. Muhammed, Adamu A. Adamu, Zauro R. Abubakar, Aluefua O. Fidelis, Bello O. Shaibu
Background: H5N1 avian influenza virus is influenza-A virus subtype that is highly contagious and fatal among birds and humans. Although human-human transmission of H5N1 is rare, but once the virus has acquired this ability, a devastating pandemic may be inevitable. The virus is currently in WHO phase 3 pandemic alerts: A new influenza virus subtype causing disease in humans, but is yet to spread efficiently and sustainably among humans. Oseltamivir is a single most-win WHO recommended drug for the treatment and prophylaxis of H5N1 influenza virus infection. However, several oseltamivir resistant strains of H5N1 have been reported. Methods: In silico molecular docking algorithm and pharmacophore modelling simulations were used to identify a novel H5N1 avian influenza neuraminidase inhibitors. Results: Of the 518-neuraminidase analogue, five (eflornithine, eltrombopag, entecavir, aminosalicylic acid and pregabalin) demonstrated excellent binding affinities against viral neuraminidase similar to that of oseltamivir. Again, these drugs like oseltamivir interact mainly with arginine, tyrosine and glutamine at different positions of the neuraminidase. Similarly, oseltamivir and the five selected drugs superimpose to the active pocket of neuraminidase, further buttressing the previous findings. Furthermore, oseltamivir and the five drugs had common generated pharmacophores. Conclusion: This study was the first to demonstrate the anti-viral neuraminidase effect of eflornithine, eltrombopag, entecavir, aminosalicylic acid and pregabalin. Keywords: Neuraminidase, Oseltamivir, H5N1 avian influenza, Pharmacophore, molecular docking.
{"title":"Insilico Identification of H5N1 Avian Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors","authors":"Yunusa Abdulmajeed, Oluwasegun E. Ayobami, A. Chika, Jimoh O. Abdulgafar, Tukur U. Muhammed, Adamu A. Adamu, Zauro R. Abubakar, Aluefua O. Fidelis, Bello O. Shaibu","doi":"10.51658/abms.202231.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202231.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: H5N1 avian influenza virus is influenza-A virus subtype that is highly contagious and fatal among birds and humans. Although human-human transmission of H5N1 is rare, but once the virus has acquired this ability, a devastating pandemic may be inevitable. The virus is currently in WHO phase 3 pandemic alerts: A new influenza virus subtype causing disease in humans, but is yet to spread efficiently and sustainably among humans. Oseltamivir is a single most-win WHO recommended drug for the treatment and prophylaxis of H5N1 influenza virus infection. However, several oseltamivir resistant strains of H5N1 have been reported. Methods: In silico molecular docking algorithm and pharmacophore modelling simulations were used to identify a novel H5N1 avian influenza neuraminidase inhibitors. Results: Of the 518-neuraminidase analogue, five (eflornithine, eltrombopag, entecavir, aminosalicylic acid and pregabalin) demonstrated excellent binding affinities against viral neuraminidase similar to that of oseltamivir. Again, these drugs like oseltamivir interact mainly with arginine, tyrosine and glutamine at different positions of the neuraminidase. Similarly, oseltamivir and the five selected drugs superimpose to the active pocket of neuraminidase, further buttressing the previous findings. Furthermore, oseltamivir and the five drugs had common generated pharmacophores. Conclusion: This study was the first to demonstrate the anti-viral neuraminidase effect of eflornithine, eltrombopag, entecavir, aminosalicylic acid and pregabalin. Keywords: Neuraminidase, Oseltamivir, H5N1 avian influenza, Pharmacophore, molecular docking.","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129853071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Timothy, J. Abdulazeez, A. Abdulwahab, Hassan-Danboyi Evelyn, Sadiq M. Muazu, Solomon N. Emmanuel, Yakubu B. Billy
Background: The conventional treatments for Parkinson's disease, the most common movement disorder globally, have not been able to halt its progression hence, newer approaches targeting its pathogenesis are being explored. We investigated the effect of vitamins C and E (in combination) on reserpine-induced motor impairment in mice. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five mice were randomly grouped into five groups of five mice each. All the groups except group I (control), were given an alternate days injection of reserpine 0.1 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Groups III and IV were administered vitamin E 200 mg/kg/day (vitamin E group), and vitamin C 250 mg/kg/day (vitamin C group), respectively while group V (co-administered group) was given both vitamins orally. Group II (reserpine group) received nothing in addition to reserpine. All drugs were given concurrently for 28 days. The neurobehavioral assessment was performed using beam walking and open field tasks. Results were presented as mean±SEM and statistical significance was placed at p < 0.05. Results: There were significant increases in a number of foot slips (3.60±0.68; p = 0.002) and the time spent in reaching the 'safe' platform (36.60±5.78 s; p = 0.0001) in the reserpine group, both of which were markedly reduced in the co-administered group (0.25±0.25 and 3.00±0.41s respectively). The co-administered group demonstrated a marked decrease in transfer latency (10.33±1.45s; p = 0.005) and crossed significantly more lines (56.00±13.53 lines; p = 0.0001) in the open field compared to the reserpine group (214.00±64.16s and 4.3±1.67 lines respectively). Conclusion: Co-administration of vitamins C and E protected against motor impairment induced by reserpine in mice.
{"title":"Co-Administration of Vitamins C and E is Protective against Reserpine-induced Motor Impairment in Mice.","authors":"D. Timothy, J. Abdulazeez, A. Abdulwahab, Hassan-Danboyi Evelyn, Sadiq M. Muazu, Solomon N. Emmanuel, Yakubu B. Billy","doi":"10.51658/abms.202122.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202122.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The conventional treatments for Parkinson's disease, the most common movement disorder globally, have not been able to halt its progression hence, newer approaches targeting its pathogenesis are being explored. We investigated the effect of vitamins C and E (in combination) on reserpine-induced motor impairment in mice. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five mice were randomly grouped into five groups of five mice each. All the groups except group I (control), were given an alternate days injection of reserpine 0.1 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Groups III and IV were administered vitamin E 200 mg/kg/day (vitamin E group), and vitamin C 250 mg/kg/day (vitamin C group), respectively while group V (co-administered group) was given both vitamins orally. Group II (reserpine group) received nothing in addition to reserpine. All drugs were given concurrently for 28 days. The neurobehavioral assessment was performed using beam walking and open field tasks. Results were presented as mean±SEM and statistical significance was placed at p < 0.05. Results: There were significant increases in a number of foot slips (3.60±0.68; p = 0.002) and the time spent in reaching the 'safe' platform (36.60±5.78 s; p = 0.0001) in the reserpine group, both of which were markedly reduced in the co-administered group (0.25±0.25 and 3.00±0.41s respectively). The co-administered group demonstrated a marked decrease in transfer latency (10.33±1.45s; p = 0.005) and crossed significantly more lines (56.00±13.53 lines; p = 0.0001) in the open field compared to the reserpine group (214.00±64.16s and 4.3±1.67 lines respectively). Conclusion: Co-administration of vitamins C and E protected against motor impairment induced by reserpine in mice.","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133819857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. O. Isezuo, M. Amodu-Sanni, A. Adamu, B. I. Garba, F. Jiya, Tahir Yusuf Bello, M. Ugege, B. Jibrin
Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) affects more than 20 million children worldwide, and it is highly prevalent in the African region where health systems are also coping with other highly prevalent infectious and non-infectious diseases. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends more research in facilities on treatment outcomes in relation to risk factors and standards of follow up care. This study evaluated the clinical profile at presentation and outcome of treatment of SAM among patients admitted into a tertiary hospital in Sokoto Methods: A retrospective review of records of children aged six months to 5 years who were admitted for SAM over a two-year period. A proforma was used to collect the information on their socio-demographics, type of malnutrition, anthropometric characteristics, packed cell volume, complications, therapy received and outcome. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 25. Results: Out of the 1862 patients admitted during the period, 159 (8.5%) had SAM, and of these, 107 records were available. Most cases were admitted in the rainy months of July to September. The male to female ratio was 1.43:1. The mean age was 21.0 ± 8.6 months. There were 66 (61.7%) cases of non-oedematous SAM and 41 (38.3%) cases of oedematous SAM. Oedematous SAM had lower pack cell volume and higher occipitofrontal circumference than non-oedematous SAM (p=0.03). Nutritional rehabilitation diet given included WHO formula milk and the hospital prepared nutrient kwash pap. Mean weight gain was 14g/kg/day, mortality was 45.8%, recovery rate 17%, and a large proportion 70.6% did not attend follow up. Weight was the only anthropometry documented subsequently till discharge. Conclusions: There was high mortality and poor follow up among the SAM patients. The managing team needs to improve refeeding practices with uniform diet, monitor all anthropometric indicators of recovery and ensure follow up of these patients in the community by appropriate referral.
背景:严重急性营养不良(SAM)影响着全世界2000多万儿童，在非洲地区非常普遍，那里的卫生系统也在应对其他高度流行的传染病和非传染病。世界卫生组织(世卫组织)建议在设施中就风险因素和后续护理标准方面的治疗结果进行更多研究。本研究评估了索科托一家三级医院收治的SAM患者的临床表现和治疗结果。方法:回顾性分析了两年内因SAM入院的6个月至5岁儿童的记录。使用形式表格收集他们的社会人口统计信息、营养不良类型、人体测量特征、堆积细胞体积、并发症、接受的治疗和结果。数据分析采用IBM SPSS version 25。结果:期间收治的1862例患者中，有SAM 159例(8.5%)，其中有记录107例。大多数病例是在7月至9月的雨季入院的。男女比例为1.43:1。平均年龄21.0±8.6个月。非水肿性SAM 66例(61.7%)，水肿性SAM 41例(38.3%)。水肿性SAM的包细胞体积比非水肿性SAM小，枕额围比非水肿性SAM高(p=0.03)。给予的营养康复饮食包括世卫组织配方奶和医院配制的营养kwash pap。平均体重增加14g/kg/d，死亡率为45.8%，康复率为17%，未参加随访的比例高达70.6%。体重是出院前唯一记录的人体测量数据。结论:SAM患者死亡率高，随访差。管理团队需要通过统一的饮食改善再喂养做法，监测康复的所有人体测量指标，并确保通过适当的转诊在社区对这些患者进行随访。
{"title":"Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcome among Patients Managed for Severe Acute Malnutrition in a Tertiary Facility in Sokoto State","authors":"K. O. Isezuo, M. Amodu-Sanni, A. Adamu, B. I. Garba, F. Jiya, Tahir Yusuf Bello, M. Ugege, B. Jibrin","doi":"10.51658/abms.202122.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202122.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) affects more than 20 million children worldwide, and it is highly prevalent in the African region where health systems are also coping with other highly prevalent infectious and non-infectious diseases. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends more research in facilities on treatment outcomes in relation to risk factors and standards of follow up care. This study evaluated the clinical profile at presentation and outcome of treatment of SAM among patients admitted into a tertiary hospital in Sokoto Methods: A retrospective review of records of children aged six months to 5 years who were admitted for SAM over a two-year period. A proforma was used to collect the information on their socio-demographics, type of malnutrition, anthropometric characteristics, packed cell volume, complications, therapy received and outcome. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 25. Results: Out of the 1862 patients admitted during the period, 159 (8.5%) had SAM, and of these, 107 records were available. Most cases were admitted in the rainy months of July to September. The male to female ratio was 1.43:1. The mean age was 21.0 ± 8.6 months. There were 66 (61.7%) cases of non-oedematous SAM and 41 (38.3%) cases of oedematous SAM. Oedematous SAM had lower pack cell volume and higher occipitofrontal circumference than non-oedematous SAM (p=0.03). Nutritional rehabilitation diet given included WHO formula milk and the hospital prepared nutrient kwash pap. Mean weight gain was 14g/kg/day, mortality was 45.8%, recovery rate 17%, and a large proportion 70.6% did not attend follow up. Weight was the only anthropometry documented subsequently till discharge. Conclusions: There was high mortality and poor follow up among the SAM patients. The managing team needs to improve refeeding practices with uniform diet, monitor all anthropometric indicators of recovery and ensure follow up of these patients in the community by appropriate referral.","PeriodicalId":330738,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116936503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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