Pub Date : 1990-06-11DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1990.131271
C. Zhou, R. Ridley, F. Lee
The design of an active unity power factor correction circuit with variable-hysteresis control for off-line switching power supplies is described. Design equations relating the boost indicator current ripple to the boost inductor selection and circuit performances are developed and verified with measurements. A computer-aided design program to select the optimal circuit components is developed. Design guidelines for the low-frequency feedback network are presented using the switch model for the power factor correction circuit. Small-signal transfer functions for open and closed-loop responses are derived.<>
{"title":"Design and analysis of a hysteretic boost power factor correction circuit","authors":"C. Zhou, R. Ridley, F. Lee","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1990.131271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1990.131271","url":null,"abstract":"The design of an active unity power factor correction circuit with variable-hysteresis control for off-line switching power supplies is described. Design equations relating the boost indicator current ripple to the boost inductor selection and circuit performances are developed and verified with measurements. A computer-aided design program to select the optimal circuit components is developed. Design guidelines for the low-frequency feedback network are presented using the switch model for the power factor correction circuit. Small-signal transfer functions for open and closed-loop responses are derived.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":330807,"journal":{"name":"21st Annual IEEE Conference on Power Electronics Specialists","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133646520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-06-11DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1990.131177
G. E. Rittenhouse, M. Schlecht
A power MOSFET suitable for synchronous rectification in 1-10 MHz switching power supplies is presented. Three device structures are compared to find the lowest on-state resistance, off-state capacitance product. The lightly doped drain region typical of most power MOSFETs is removed to give a body diode with a 1 ns reverse recovery time. Both of these types are needed for efficient operation at high frequencies. Process details and experimental results are also discussed.<>
{"title":"A low-voltage power MOSFET with a fast-recovery body diode for synchronous rectification","authors":"G. E. Rittenhouse, M. Schlecht","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1990.131177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1990.131177","url":null,"abstract":"A power MOSFET suitable for synchronous rectification in 1-10 MHz switching power supplies is presented. Three device structures are compared to find the lowest on-state resistance, off-state capacitance product. The lightly doped drain region typical of most power MOSFETs is removed to give a body diode with a 1 ns reverse recovery time. Both of these types are needed for efficient operation at high frequencies. Process details and experimental results are also discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":330807,"journal":{"name":"21st Annual IEEE Conference on Power Electronics Specialists","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114205476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-06-11DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1990.131256
Sam Ben-Y Aakov, Yair Amran, Vgi
Analysis and simulation of the voltages and currents in the secondary windings of multiple output flyback power converters reveal that they are affected by the choice of output capacitors. Poor selection of the capacitor values may cause a pseudo-discontinuous behavior in a converter which operates, as a whole, in the continuous conduction mode. The implication of these results for output ripple and small signal response are discussed, and design guidelines are suggested.<>
{"title":"Multiple output flyback converters: the role of output capacitors in shaping the currents of secondary windings","authors":"Sam Ben-Y Aakov, Yair Amran, Vgi","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1990.131256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1990.131256","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis and simulation of the voltages and currents in the secondary windings of multiple output flyback power converters reveal that they are affected by the choice of output capacitors. Poor selection of the capacitor values may cause a pseudo-discontinuous behavior in a converter which operates, as a whole, in the continuous conduction mode. The implication of these results for output ripple and small signal response are discussed, and design guidelines are suggested.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":330807,"journal":{"name":"21st Annual IEEE Conference on Power Electronics Specialists","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124723707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-06-11DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1990.131238
J. Balda, S. Ang
The authors evaluate two adaptive control methods for vector-controlled AC drives under parameter variations, namely a minimum variance controller (MVC) and a model reference exact-matching (MREM) method. They compare them to a nonadaptive model reference complementary controller (MRCC) and address their potential impact on designing PWM (pulse width modulation) inverters. Digital simulation results indicate that although all the methods considered had similar responses for nominal conditions, the MVC and MREM exhibited a higher performance than the MRCC under variations of the rotor time constant. However, the MVC PWM signal placed a more severe burden on the PWM stage. It is concluded that a comprehensive solution for the problem of parameter variations should include a combination of an identification method for the rotor parameters and adaptive control method to meet the desired specifications (rise time, bandwidth, speed range, etc.).<>
{"title":"A feasibility study of two adaptive-control methods for vector-controlled induction motor drives","authors":"J. Balda, S. Ang","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1990.131238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1990.131238","url":null,"abstract":"The authors evaluate two adaptive control methods for vector-controlled AC drives under parameter variations, namely a minimum variance controller (MVC) and a model reference exact-matching (MREM) method. They compare them to a nonadaptive model reference complementary controller (MRCC) and address their potential impact on designing PWM (pulse width modulation) inverters. Digital simulation results indicate that although all the methods considered had similar responses for nominal conditions, the MVC and MREM exhibited a higher performance than the MRCC under variations of the rotor time constant. However, the MVC PWM signal placed a more severe burden on the PWM stage. It is concluded that a comprehensive solution for the problem of parameter variations should include a combination of an identification method for the rotor parameters and adaptive control method to meet the desired specifications (rise time, bandwidth, speed range, etc.).<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":330807,"journal":{"name":"21st Annual IEEE Conference on Power Electronics Specialists","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115875737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-06-11DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1990.131183
G. Busatto, G. Vitale, G. Ferla, A. Galluzzo, M. Melito
A comparison between bipolar Darlington, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), bipolar mode field effect transistor (BMFET), and power MOS devices is presented based on an experimental investigation performed on devices with similar geometrical characteristics and blocking voltage capabilities. The main device characteristics (conduction characteristics, switching performances, power dissipation, power ratings, etc.) are presented and compared in order to obtain comprehensive guidelines for finding their fields of application. It is shown that, for higher frequency switching application, MOS devices are the most suitable, but they are very expensive in terms of silicon area used. For frequencies less than 20 kHZ, BMFETs have better performance than IGBTs in terms of power losses. On the other hand, the IGBT is a voltage-controlled device and thus has fewer problems with its driving circuit.<>
{"title":"Comparative analysis of power bipolar devices","authors":"G. Busatto, G. Vitale, G. Ferla, A. Galluzzo, M. Melito","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1990.131183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1990.131183","url":null,"abstract":"A comparison between bipolar Darlington, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), bipolar mode field effect transistor (BMFET), and power MOS devices is presented based on an experimental investigation performed on devices with similar geometrical characteristics and blocking voltage capabilities. The main device characteristics (conduction characteristics, switching performances, power dissipation, power ratings, etc.) are presented and compared in order to obtain comprehensive guidelines for finding their fields of application. It is shown that, for higher frequency switching application, MOS devices are the most suitable, but they are very expensive in terms of silicon area used. For frequencies less than 20 kHZ, BMFETs have better performance than IGBTs in terms of power losses. On the other hand, the IGBT is a voltage-controlled device and thus has fewer problems with its driving circuit.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":330807,"journal":{"name":"21st Annual IEEE Conference on Power Electronics Specialists","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127418049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-06-11DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1990.131168
A. Kelly, F. P. Symonds
The basic properties of a distributed-air-gap magnetic material for manufacture of inductor cores are described. A principal attraction of this material is easy fabrication of inductor cores either by injection molding or by machining of the bulk material. Iron powder and a nonmagnetic polymer binder are mixed to produce a distributed-air-gap material whose properties are a function of the relative proportions of iron powder and binder. Laboratory measurements of mass density, permeability, and saturation flux density for four different proportions of iron powder and binder are reported. Empirical analytical relationships for these properties as a function of the proportions of iron powder and binder are developed. Several applications for this material are demonstrated, and, based on the material properties, potential applications are suggested.<>
{"title":"Plastic-iron-powder distributed-air-gap magnetic material","authors":"A. Kelly, F. P. Symonds","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1990.131168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1990.131168","url":null,"abstract":"The basic properties of a distributed-air-gap magnetic material for manufacture of inductor cores are described. A principal attraction of this material is easy fabrication of inductor cores either by injection molding or by machining of the bulk material. Iron powder and a nonmagnetic polymer binder are mixed to produce a distributed-air-gap material whose properties are a function of the relative proportions of iron powder and binder. Laboratory measurements of mass density, permeability, and saturation flux density for four different proportions of iron powder and binder are reported. Empirical analytical relationships for these properties as a function of the proportions of iron powder and binder are developed. Several applications for this material are demonstrated, and, based on the material properties, potential applications are suggested.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":330807,"journal":{"name":"21st Annual IEEE Conference on Power Electronics Specialists","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126634989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1990.131212
K. Mahabir, G. Verghese, J. Thottuvelil, A. Heyman
It is shown that the large signal behavior of a popular family of high power factor AC-to-DC power conditioners can be analyzed via linear models, by using squared output voltage as the state variable. The state equation for a general (constant power plus resistive) load is obtained by a simple dynamic power balance. Time-invariant or periodically varying controllers acting at the time scales of the line or switching periods, respectively, can then be designed from the resulting averaged or sampled data models. Simulations and experiments corroborate the results.<>
{"title":"Linear averaged and sampled data models for large signal control of high power factor AC-DC converters","authors":"K. Mahabir, G. Verghese, J. Thottuvelil, A. Heyman","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1990.131212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1990.131212","url":null,"abstract":"It is shown that the large signal behavior of a popular family of high power factor AC-to-DC power conditioners can be analyzed via linear models, by using squared output voltage as the state variable. The state equation for a general (constant power plus resistive) load is obtained by a simple dynamic power balance. Time-invariant or periodically varying controllers acting at the time scales of the line or switching periods, respectively, can then be designed from the resulting averaged or sampled data models. Simulations and experiments corroborate the results.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":330807,"journal":{"name":"21st Annual IEEE Conference on Power Electronics Specialists","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117028923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1990.131208
G. Wester
The effects of time delays and slew-rate limits on the steady-state operating points and performance of a free-running ripple regulator are evaluated using describing-function analysis. The describing function of an ideal comparator (no time delays or slew rate limits) has no phase shift and is independent of frequency. It is found that turn-on delay and turn-off delay have different effects on gain and phase and cannot be combined. Comparator hysteresis affects both gain and phase; likewise, time delays generally affect both gain and phase. It is found that the effective time delay around the feedback loop is one half the sum of turn-on and turn-off delays, regardless of whether the delays are caused by storage time or slew rate limits. Expressions are formulated for the switching frequency, switch duty ratio, DC output, and output ripple. For the case of no hysteresis, a simple graphical solution for the switching frequency is possible, and the resulting switching frequency is independent of first-order variations of input or load.<>
{"title":"Describing-function analysis of a ripple regulator with slew-rate limits and time delays","authors":"G. Wester","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1990.131208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1990.131208","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of time delays and slew-rate limits on the steady-state operating points and performance of a free-running ripple regulator are evaluated using describing-function analysis. The describing function of an ideal comparator (no time delays or slew rate limits) has no phase shift and is independent of frequency. It is found that turn-on delay and turn-off delay have different effects on gain and phase and cannot be combined. Comparator hysteresis affects both gain and phase; likewise, time delays generally affect both gain and phase. It is found that the effective time delay around the feedback loop is one half the sum of turn-on and turn-off delays, regardless of whether the delays are caused by storage time or slew rate limits. Expressions are formulated for the switching frequency, switch duty ratio, DC output, and output ripple. For the case of no hysteresis, a simple graphical solution for the switching frequency is possible, and the resulting switching frequency is independent of first-order variations of input or load.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":330807,"journal":{"name":"21st Annual IEEE Conference on Power Electronics Specialists","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117344658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1990.131247
R. L. Pickrell, I. Lazbin
NASA plans to orbit a permanently manned space station in the late 1990s, which requires development and assembly of a photovoltaic (PV) power source system to supply up to 75 kW of electrical power average during the orbital period. The electrical power requirements are to be met by a combination of PV source, storage, and control elements for the Sun and eclipse periods. The authors discuss the application of power electronics and controls to manage the generation, storage, and distribution of power to meet the station loads, as well as the computer models used for analysis and simulation of the PV power system. The requirements for power source integrated controls to adjust storage charge power during the insolation period current limiting, breaker interrupt current values, and the electrical fault protection approach are defined. Based on these requirements, operating concepts have been defined which then become drivers for specific system and element design.<>
{"title":"Power electronic applications for Space Station Freedom","authors":"R. L. Pickrell, I. Lazbin","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1990.131247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1990.131247","url":null,"abstract":"NASA plans to orbit a permanently manned space station in the late 1990s, which requires development and assembly of a photovoltaic (PV) power source system to supply up to 75 kW of electrical power average during the orbital period. The electrical power requirements are to be met by a combination of PV source, storage, and control elements for the Sun and eclipse periods. The authors discuss the application of power electronics and controls to manage the generation, storage, and distribution of power to meet the station loads, as well as the computer models used for analysis and simulation of the PV power system. The requirements for power source integrated controls to adjust storage charge power during the insolation period current limiting, breaker interrupt current values, and the electrical fault protection approach are defined. Based on these requirements, operating concepts have been defined which then become drivers for specific system and element design.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":330807,"journal":{"name":"21st Annual IEEE Conference on Power Electronics Specialists","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128325346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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