Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.14
K. Gajewski, Aleksander Skrzypiec, Mateusz Swierczek, T. Turlej
Currently, many emphases are placed on the possibility of limiting excavation works in the event of water pipelines or sewage systems failure. For this purpose, various types of inspection and repair robots/manipulators are used, which can enter the installation's interior without the need to get into the pipe physically (e.g. with an excavator). Mobile robots allow you to diagnose the problem (or provide information on which section the failure occurred) and in some cases, to repair (unplug) the installation without needing heavy machinery. Unfortunately, the limitation of this type of mobile manipulator is the ability to move along relatively flat sections and the adaptation of the robot's geometry to the variable diameter of the pipe. The article presents the concept and construction of a robot prototype that allows it to move along sloping pipes. The design of the robot has been equipped with a variable geometry of the drive, enabling the appropriate coefficient of friction when working in an inclined pipeline. The design solutions used were presented, as well as the test results of the prototype made. The presented solution can successfully reduce the need to use heavy equipment to monitor the quality of water supply and sewage systems. The article shows the potential benefits of using mobile inspection robots to reduce the adverse human impact on the environment (following the principles of sustainable development)
{"title":"MOBILE MANIPULATOR-ROBOT FOR INSPECTION OF INCLINED WATER PIPELINES","authors":"K. Gajewski, Aleksander Skrzypiec, Mateusz Swierczek, T. Turlej","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.14","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, many emphases are placed on the possibility of limiting excavation works in the event of water pipelines or sewage systems failure. For this purpose, various types of inspection and repair robots/manipulators are used, which can enter the installation's interior without the need to get into the pipe physically (e.g. with an excavator). Mobile robots allow you to diagnose the problem (or provide information on which section the failure occurred) and in some cases, to repair (unplug) the installation without needing heavy machinery. Unfortunately, the limitation of this type of mobile manipulator is the ability to move along relatively flat sections and the adaptation of the robot's geometry to the variable diameter of the pipe. The article presents the concept and construction of a robot prototype that allows it to move along sloping pipes. The design of the robot has been equipped with a variable geometry of the drive, enabling the appropriate coefficient of friction when working in an inclined pipeline. The design solutions used were presented, as well as the test results of the prototype made. The presented solution can successfully reduce the need to use heavy equipment to monitor the quality of water supply and sewage systems. The article shows the potential benefits of using mobile inspection robots to reduce the adverse human impact on the environment (following the principles of sustainable development)","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":"235 1-2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120923813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.48
M. Moreno-García, R. Ordonez-Fernandez, Rosa Maria Carbonell Bojollo, Francisco Perez Serrano, Antonio Rodriguez Lizana
This study aims to observe the spatial distribution of the arthropods biodiversity inhabiting the soil surface of olive groves. For this purpose, a sampling campaign has been carried out in a 15.1 ha plot of this crop. This plot is located in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. The study comprised a total of 65 sampling stations for epigean arthropods. Each station consisted of two drop traps, one located under the canopy of the olive tree and the other in the middle of the strip. With the arthropod catch data from each sampling station, the Shannon biodiversity index per sampling unit was calculated. The average of the 65 stations amounts to a biodiversity value of 1.66 for this index. It can therefore be considered to have a relatively low diversity. This is a normal result in cultivated systems. A study of this biodiversity index has also been carried out for the three most important orders of soil-dwelling arthropods: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Araneae. In these orders, very low biodiversity values were found, as the number of species counted was reduced. Respectively, the results were 0.49, 0.68 and 0.61. Subsequently, a kriging study was carried out to study the distribution patterns of the results obtained at the sampling stations. The patterns show a general enrichment in biodiversity from the highest and steepest enclaves to areas of lower altitude and lower slope. With respect to biodiversity within the three orders studied, the patterns have not been as evident. Particularly in the case of Araneae.
{"title":"SPATIAL BIODIVERSITY OF EPIGEAN ARTHROPODS IN AN OLIVE GROVE IN SOUTHERN IBERIA","authors":"M. Moreno-García, R. Ordonez-Fernandez, Rosa Maria Carbonell Bojollo, Francisco Perez Serrano, Antonio Rodriguez Lizana","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.48","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to observe the spatial distribution of the arthropods biodiversity inhabiting the soil surface of olive groves. For this purpose, a sampling campaign has been carried out in a 15.1 ha plot of this crop. This plot is located in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. The study comprised a total of 65 sampling stations for epigean arthropods. Each station consisted of two drop traps, one located under the canopy of the olive tree and the other in the middle of the strip. \u0000With the arthropod catch data from each sampling station, the Shannon biodiversity index per sampling unit was calculated. The average of the 65 stations amounts to a biodiversity value of 1.66 for this index. It can therefore be considered to have a relatively low diversity. This is a normal result in cultivated systems. \u0000A study of this biodiversity index has also been carried out for the three most important orders of soil-dwelling arthropods: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Araneae. In these orders, very low biodiversity values were found, as the number of species counted was reduced. Respectively, the results were 0.49, 0.68 and 0.61. \u0000Subsequently, a kriging study was carried out to study the distribution patterns of the results obtained at the sampling stations. The patterns show a general enrichment in biodiversity from the highest and steepest enclaves to areas of lower altitude and lower slope. With respect to biodiversity within the three orders studied, the patterns have not been as evident. Particularly in the case of Araneae.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121366842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.01
Vera Horakova, M. Dumbrovsky
The current weather patterns, in the form of more frequent occurrences of hydrological extremes, are increasingly being felt in the Czech Republic. In this context, the paper focuses on the issue of the current management of the landscape, which loses its quality due to these adverse climatic conditions and the influence of man. The aim is to compare selected physical properties and obtained soil moisture data for different uses and cultivation. For sample collections, a site in the Czech Republic in the South Moravian Region in the district of Hodonin in the cadastral territory of Sardice was selected, where land improvements took place in the form of agroforestry systems. Broken and intact samples were taken from sampling sites (a grassy belt with trees and arable land), which were subsequently subjected to the necessary experiments in the laboratory. The data obtained were then evaluated on the basis of individual criteria and compared with each other. Furthermore, humidity and temperature are continuously measured using TOMST moisture sensors, these data are subsequently processed in the form of graphs. The results showed that the way the land is used and cultivated has an impact on the characteristics (quality) of the soil. So, we can influence them both negatively and positively.
{"title":"AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS UNDER LAND IMPROVEMENTS","authors":"Vera Horakova, M. Dumbrovsky","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.01","url":null,"abstract":"The current weather patterns, in the form of more frequent occurrences of hydrological extremes, are increasingly being felt in the Czech Republic. In this context, the paper focuses on the issue of the current management of the landscape, which loses its quality due to these adverse climatic conditions and the influence of man. The aim is to compare selected physical properties and obtained soil moisture data for different uses and cultivation. For sample collections, a site in the Czech Republic in the South Moravian Region in the district of Hodonin in the cadastral territory of Sardice was selected, where land improvements took place in the form of agroforestry systems. Broken and intact samples were taken from sampling sites (a grassy belt with trees and arable land), which were subsequently subjected to the necessary experiments in the laboratory. The data obtained were then evaluated on the basis of individual criteria and compared with each other. Furthermore, humidity and temperature are continuously measured using TOMST moisture sensors, these data are subsequently processed in the form of graphs. The results showed that the way the land is used and cultivated has an impact on the characteristics (quality) of the soil. So, we can influence them both negatively and positively.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125579077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.39
Dana Kollarova, Alexandra Nagyová
In the current society, the topic of global environmental problems that people face in their everyday lives is becoming more frequent. The consumption lifestyle of people has a negative impact on the environment, which causes reduced quality of life on Earth. One of the most important tasks of education is leading children toward sustainable living. The study is focused on a specific pedagogical-didactical approach � Forest pedagogy as one of the options for environmental education as well as building a relationship towards sustainable development in the primary level of education. Forest pedagogy is focused on teaching about the forest ecosystem and children forming a positive relationship towards the protection of the environment on examples tied to the forest. Forest pedagogy introduces programs that are realized by forest pedagogues at school within formal education based on the condition set by the Slovak Republic. These programs lead towards the education of environmental thinking and a positive approach of a child towards the environment. The study features partial outcomes of the research on how the programs of forest pedagogy influence the development of children�s knowledge about forests and their protection.
{"title":"EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS OF FOREST PEDAGOGY AS A STARTING POINT FOR A SUSTAINABLE PROGRESS","authors":"Dana Kollarova, Alexandra Nagyová","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.39","url":null,"abstract":"In the current society, the topic of global environmental problems that people face in their everyday lives is becoming more frequent. The consumption lifestyle of people has a negative impact on the environment, which causes reduced quality of life on Earth. One of the most important tasks of education is leading children toward sustainable living. The study is focused on a specific pedagogical-didactical approach � Forest pedagogy as one of the options for environmental education as well as building a relationship towards sustainable development in the primary level of education. Forest pedagogy is focused on teaching about the forest ecosystem and children forming a positive relationship towards the protection of the environment on examples tied to the forest. Forest pedagogy introduces programs that are realized by forest pedagogues at school within formal education based on the condition set by the Slovak Republic. These programs lead towards the education of environmental thinking and a positive approach of a child towards the environment. The study features partial outcomes of the research on how the programs of forest pedagogy influence the development of children�s knowledge about forests and their protection.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134440504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.37
J. A. Campos, J. Villena, J. Peco, M. Moreno, F. García-Navarro, P. Higueras
The plant soil relation in an extreme environment was studied with the aim of determining the physiological and/or ecological mechanisms involved in overcoming environmental constraints. In our work we have studied different aspects such as diversity, colonization strategies, dynamics, etc. of the vegetation that appears in a mining environment. The alteration of the soil in these places comes from very varied activities in addition to the chemical peculiarities of the extracted minerals. In short, we can consider these spaces as a mosaic of different substrates originating from the contribution of exogenous material, gangue deposits, mining tailings deposits, areas partially altered by the activity of machinery, etc. We distinguished 6 different substrates that respond to different degrees of alteration of the original soil, ranging from total degradation, due to replacement by exogenous materials, to partial degradation where the original soil is more or less altered by different processes. Each of these different substrates has its geochemical peculiarities and the vegetation that develops in each of these areas responds perfectly to the conditions derived from the geochemistry of the substrate on which they grow. If we add to this that we are in a Mediterranean continental climate, with little plubiometry and a severe summer of 5 months of high temperatures and drough, and the presence of high levels of heavy metals, the study of plant cover becomes very interesting.
{"title":"DIVERSITY AND LOCATION OF PLANT SPECIES IN A MINING ENVIRONMENT: A NEW PERSPECTIVE FROM THE GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE SUBSTRATE","authors":"J. A. Campos, J. Villena, J. Peco, M. Moreno, F. García-Navarro, P. Higueras","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.37","url":null,"abstract":"The plant soil relation in an extreme environment was studied with the aim of determining the physiological and/or ecological mechanisms involved in overcoming environmental constraints. \u0000In our work we have studied different aspects such as diversity, colonization strategies, dynamics, etc. of the vegetation that appears in a mining environment. The alteration of the soil in these places comes from very varied activities in addition to the chemical peculiarities of the extracted minerals. In short, we can consider these spaces as a mosaic of different substrates originating from the contribution of exogenous material, gangue deposits, mining tailings deposits, areas partially altered by the activity of machinery, etc. We distinguished 6 different substrates that respond to different degrees of alteration of the original soil, ranging from total degradation, due to replacement by exogenous materials, to partial degradation where the original soil is more or less altered by different processes. Each of these different substrates has its geochemical peculiarities and the vegetation that develops in each of these areas responds perfectly to the conditions derived from the geochemistry of the substrate on which they grow. If we add to this that we are in a Mediterranean continental climate, with little plubiometry and a severe summer of 5 months of high temperatures and drough, and the presence of high levels of heavy metals, the study of plant cover becomes very interesting.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124793388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.34
N. Shuleva, K. Kolev
Bulgarian forests are part of the national wealth and national identity. Their economic, social and ecological functions are important for the sustainable development of society and for improvement of living conditions especially in rural and mountainous regions. To a large extent these functions are irreplaceable not only in a national but also in a global aspect. In this connection in the present paper a structural-functional characterization of Bulgarian forest territories is done. Actual data on the area of forests, wood stock, wood increment and distribution of forests by functions are presented. Regarding the last one, the attention is focused on concise characteristics of forests with water protection functions on the territory of Bulgaria and water resources of the country. On the basis of the above, the guiding hypothesis for the study is formulated, namely: there is a correlation between the area of forest territories in Bulgaria and the territory occupied by water and water bodies. The verification is carried out by means of a correlation analysis, which is based on data from the National Statistical Institute (NSI) on the areas of forest territories and territories occupied by water and water bodies in 23 districts from level NUTS-3 in Bulgaria in 2021. Regarding the area occupied by water and water bodies, it should be clarified that according to NSI it includes plots for watercourses, water bodies and available water facilities.
{"title":"DETECTING THE INFLUENCE OF FORESTS ON WATER RESOURCES IN BULGARIA","authors":"N. Shuleva, K. Kolev","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.34","url":null,"abstract":"Bulgarian forests are part of the national wealth and national identity. Their economic, social and ecological functions are important for the sustainable development of society and for improvement of living conditions especially in rural and mountainous regions. To a large extent these functions are irreplaceable not only in a national but also in a global aspect. In this connection in the present paper a structural-functional characterization of Bulgarian forest territories is done. Actual data on the area of forests, wood stock, wood increment and distribution of forests by functions are presented. Regarding the last one, the attention is focused on concise characteristics of forests with water protection functions on the territory of Bulgaria and water resources of the country. On the basis of the above, the guiding hypothesis for the study is formulated, namely: there is a correlation between the area of forest territories in Bulgaria and the territory occupied by water and water bodies. The verification is carried out by means of a correlation analysis, which is based on data from the National Statistical Institute (NSI) on the areas of forest territories and territories occupied by water and water bodies in 23 districts from level NUTS-3 in Bulgaria in 2021. Regarding the area occupied by water and water bodies, it should be clarified that according to NSI it includes plots for watercourses, water bodies and available water facilities.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125390487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.53
Jakub Karbowski, Jedrzej Minda
Today, drones are already widely used in agriculture and forestry. Drones can help spray plants, take surface measurements, and estimate the damage caused by adverse weather conditions or wild animals. Drones can also be used in caring for the condition of crops. Traditional methods of detecting threats related to plant disease are time-consuming and ineffective. Thanks to the use of drones equipped with appropriate vision systems, it is possible to carry out quick and precise control of the condition of the plants. The article proposes a system for detecting plant pathogens using a drone. The concept of the proposed solution and the methodology of plant monitoring is described. The use of multiple neural network architectures is presented. Credible model performance metrics are described, thanks to the use of various datasets. In addition, the article presents the results of the developed algorithm on the testing ground. The conducted research confirmed the legitimacy and validity of the use of drones in the monitoring of forest crops and ecosystems.
{"title":"USING A DRONE TO DETECT PLANT DISEASE PATHOGENS","authors":"Jakub Karbowski, Jedrzej Minda","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.53","url":null,"abstract":"Today, drones are already widely used in agriculture and forestry. Drones can help spray plants, take surface measurements, and estimate the damage caused by adverse weather conditions or wild animals. Drones can also be used in caring for the condition of crops. Traditional methods of detecting threats related to plant disease are time-consuming and ineffective. Thanks to the use of drones equipped with appropriate vision systems, it is possible to carry out quick and precise control of the condition of the plants. The article proposes a system for detecting plant pathogens using a drone. The concept of the proposed solution and the methodology of plant monitoring is described. The use of multiple neural network architectures is presented. Credible model performance metrics are described, thanks to the use of various datasets. In addition, the article presents the results of the developed algorithm on the testing ground. The conducted research confirmed the legitimacy and validity of the use of drones in the monitoring of forest crops and ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128705022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.09
Ondrej Chaloupka, Michal Kriska - Dunajsky
In recent years, natural wastewater treatment wetland plants have been gaining more attention from researchers and the public due to their low operating costs and efficient way of treating wastewater. Treatment wetland plants with pulse-fed vertical flow filters are one of the most efficient treatment technologies. For optimum operation, intermittent loading of wastewater onto the filter surface is necessary, for which various types of automatic siphons can be used in addition to pumps. This kind of automatic siphons do not require electricity for their operation. The aim of the actual measurements was to specify the hydraulic characteristics of four different types of automatic siphons used in France, Germany, and the Czech Republic. In the course of the laboratory measurements, it was possible to define the basic hydraulic characteristics of the different technical solutions - e.g. maximum water flow, starting and shut-off water level, emptying rate and discharge flow. The measured values then lead to the determination of the total hydraulic losses of the device, while the limits and nature of the individual solutions are shown in comparison with each other. The results can be used for the design of the downstream hydraulic system of the distribution piping that is spread over the filter surface.
{"title":"EXTERNAL INFLUENCES AFFECTING THE HYDRAULICS OF AUTOMATIC SIPHONS FOR VERTICALLY FLOWING FILTERS","authors":"Ondrej Chaloupka, Michal Kriska - Dunajsky","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.09","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, natural wastewater treatment wetland plants have been gaining more attention from researchers and the public due to their low operating costs and efficient way of treating wastewater. Treatment wetland plants with pulse-fed vertical flow filters are one of the most efficient treatment technologies. For optimum operation, intermittent loading of wastewater onto the filter surface is necessary, for which various types of automatic siphons can be used in addition to pumps. This kind of automatic siphons do not require electricity for their operation. The aim of the actual measurements was to specify the hydraulic characteristics of four different types of automatic siphons used in France, Germany, and the Czech Republic. In the course of the laboratory measurements, it was possible to define the basic hydraulic characteristics of the different technical solutions - e.g. maximum water flow, starting and shut-off water level, emptying rate and discharge flow. The measured values then lead to the determination of the total hydraulic losses of the device, while the limits and nature of the individual solutions are shown in comparison with each other. The results can be used for the design of the downstream hydraulic system of the distribution piping that is spread over the filter surface.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128363178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.02
T. Kril
Since the beginning of hostilities in the Ukraine territory, there have been several cases of detonation of dams on reservoirs. These events affected the surrounding areas, leading to a flood of different degrees. One of the significant cases occurred on the dam covering the Irpin river, close to Kyiv. It was built during the Kyiv Reservoir filling to prevent the flooding of the river valley and serves as a bridge. After a part of the dam was broken, water from the Reservoir began to fill the Irpin river. The flood threatened Demidiv and settlements further along the river valley. The study aims to determine the areas and volumes affected by water from the Reservoir, estimated material losses and the development of dangerous engineering and geological processes using remote sensing data. The method of identifying water bodies and, in general, bodies with a certain degree of hydration (vegetation, rivers, lakes, moistened soils) based on many spectral images consists of the calculation of Normalized Differential Water Indices. The water index was calculated from the green and near-infrared bands of space images from the Landsat 8-9 mission in the period from February 24 to April 30. The volume of water that formed the flood was calculated. For this, a digital terrain model was built based on the ALOS PALSAR space image, where each pixel of GeoTiff contains the height value. The flooded area is 16.5 square kilometres per month. The deposits of the first and second on the floodplain terraces, composed of uneven-grained sands, were flooded. The development of engineering-geological processes and the engineering protection of settlements are analyzed. The most common threats are flooding and swamping, erosional and gravitational processes are not observed.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF FLOOD DEVELOPMENT DUE TO THE DESTRUCTION OF DAMS","authors":"T. Kril","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.02","url":null,"abstract":"Since the beginning of hostilities in the Ukraine territory, there have been several cases of detonation of dams on reservoirs. These events affected the surrounding areas, leading to a flood of different degrees. One of the significant cases occurred on the dam covering the Irpin river, close to Kyiv. It was built during the Kyiv Reservoir filling to prevent the flooding of the river valley and serves as a bridge. After a part of the dam was broken, water from the Reservoir began to fill the Irpin river. The flood threatened Demidiv and settlements further along the river valley. The study aims to determine the areas and volumes affected by water from the Reservoir, estimated material losses and the development of dangerous engineering and geological processes using remote sensing data. The method of identifying water bodies and, in general, bodies with a certain degree of hydration (vegetation, rivers, lakes, moistened soils) based on many spectral images consists of the calculation of Normalized Differential Water Indices. The water index was calculated from the green and near-infrared bands of space images from the Landsat 8-9 mission in the period from February 24 to April 30. The volume of water that formed the flood was calculated. For this, a digital terrain model was built based on the ALOS PALSAR space image, where each pixel of GeoTiff contains the height value. The flooded area is 16.5 square kilometres per month. The deposits of the first and second on the floodplain terraces, composed of uneven-grained sands, were flooded. The development of engineering-geological processes and the engineering protection of settlements are analyzed. The most common threats are flooding and swamping, erosional and gravitational processes are not observed.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126373778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.03
J. Malá, Kristína Pániková, Z. Bílková
The use of pesticides has negative effects on the quality of groundwater. The triazine pesticide atrazine has not been applied to soil in agriculturally used areas of the Czech Republic for many years, yet atrazine and its metabolites are detected in groundwater throughout the country. The effect of these substances on the denitrification process that takes place in groundwater is unclear. This study aims to examine the behavior of atrazine under denitrifying conditions and the pesticide�s effect on the denitrification process. 7-day and 28-day laboratory tests at a concentration of 100 ?g/L atrazine were performed to simulate such conditions. A single dose of atrazine was introduced to the samples at the beginning of the tests. No inhibition of the denitrification process was detected in any of the tests. Stimulation of denitrification was measured in the last week of the 28-day test. Adsorption on poplar shavings was the dominant process of the decrease in atrazine concentration during both the 7- and 28-day tests. The biotic loss was 3.9% for the 7-day test. In the 28-day test, there was a total biotic loss of 12.1%. A similar biotic loss of 9.8% was measured also in a 7-day test performed at higher pH. At the end of the 28-day test, the transformation product atrazine-2-hydroxy was detected in the supernatant in very low concentrations. A significant effect of the HgCl2 inhibitor on the instantaneous adsorption rate was observed for all tests.
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