Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.29
L. Șmuleac, H. Radulescu, F. Imbrea, A. Smuleac, Raul Pascalau
The climate change facing humanity requires two major and immediate solutions: the need to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions on the one hand, and on the other hand the need to adapt to the effects of climate change, given that these effects are already visible and unavoidable due to the inertia of the climate system. Romania is vulnerable to a number of natural climate and geological dangers: floods, droughts, extreme temperatures, the western part of the country registering over time some devastating floods, which caused numerous losses of life and economic losses, such as the flooding with a historical maximum in year 2005. Water being an important resource in people's lives, it is necessary for this resource to be properly managed, as poor water resource management can cause great damage. In the present paper is analyzed the Costei Hydrotechnical Node, which is distinguished by the efficiency of the management of the water flows from the Timis River as well as by the flow regulation on the Bega River. For the efficient management of water resources, water flows and levels were analyzed between 2017-2021, noting that in 2020 it was surplus, and in 2021, the lowest value for water levels and annual flow rates. This indicates a fluctuating nature of the water flow resulting from the global anthropogenic impact on the environment.
{"title":"WATER MANAGEMENT TO REDUCE FLOODS IN THE HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN BEGA-TIMI?","authors":"L. Șmuleac, H. Radulescu, F. Imbrea, A. Smuleac, Raul Pascalau","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.29","url":null,"abstract":"The climate change facing humanity requires two major and immediate solutions: the need to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions on the one hand, and on the other hand the need to adapt to the effects of climate change, given that these effects are already visible and unavoidable due to the inertia of the climate system. Romania is vulnerable to a number of natural climate and geological dangers: floods, droughts, extreme temperatures, the western part of the country registering over time some devastating floods, which caused numerous losses of life and economic losses, such as the flooding with a historical maximum in year 2005. Water being an important resource in people's lives, it is necessary for this resource to be properly managed, as poor water resource management can cause great damage. In the present paper is analyzed the Costei Hydrotechnical Node, which is distinguished by the efficiency of the management of the water flows from the Timis River as well as by the flow regulation on the Bega River. For the efficient management of water resources, water flows and levels were analyzed between 2017-2021, noting that in 2020 it was surplus, and in 2021, the lowest value for water levels and annual flow rates. This indicates a fluctuating nature of the water flow resulting from the global anthropogenic impact on the environment.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121906948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.19
Vladimír Kišš, Andrej Tárník, J. Pagáč, Martin Minařík
Climate change is the most pronounced in the last thirty years. In the world, but also in Slovakia, there are extreme temperatures and frequent periods of drought alternating with torrential precipitation. Neither of these two options is suitable for the country. The aim of this article was to determine the distribution of precipitation in the period 1991- 2020. Using the Mann-Kendall trend analysis, it was determined a statistically significant increase or decrease in precipitation in individual months of the year for 75 stations in Slovakia. The results showed that a statistically significant decrease in precipitation is in April. The lack of precipitation causes low moisture in the soil and thus the growth of agricultural crops is limited. A statistically significant increase in precipitation occurred in January. However, this does not mean an increase in snow cover. On the contrary, due to the higher temperatures in the winter months, the snow cover will not last long, especially in the south. As a result, moisture cannot gradually flow to the soil from the snow cover, but the water in the liquid form will flow away from the land. This result with the lack of precipitation in the spring cause prolonged droughts. Based on the data processed, it is proven that despite the increase in precipitation in January, the decrease in precipitation in April is significant over the last thirty years and it is necessary to create measures to collect water in order to use it in the spring months.
{"title":"PRECIPITATION CONDITIONS EVALUATION IN SLOVAKIA FOR 1991-2020","authors":"Vladimír Kišš, Andrej Tárník, J. Pagáč, Martin Minařík","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.19","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is the most pronounced in the last thirty years. In the world, but also in Slovakia, there are extreme temperatures and frequent periods of drought alternating with torrential precipitation. Neither of these two options is suitable for the country. The aim of this article was to determine the distribution of precipitation in the period 1991- 2020. Using the Mann-Kendall trend analysis, it was determined a statistically significant increase or decrease in precipitation in individual months of the year for 75 stations in Slovakia. The results showed that a statistically significant decrease in precipitation is in April. The lack of precipitation causes low moisture in the soil and thus the growth of agricultural crops is limited. A statistically significant increase in precipitation occurred in January. However, this does not mean an increase in snow cover. On the contrary, due to the higher temperatures in the winter months, the snow cover will not last long, especially in the south. As a result, moisture cannot gradually flow to the soil from the snow cover, but the water in the liquid form will flow away from the land. This result with the lack of precipitation in the spring cause prolonged droughts. Based on the data processed, it is proven that despite the increase in precipitation in January, the decrease in precipitation in April is significant over the last thirty years and it is necessary to create measures to collect water in order to use it in the spring months.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134544676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.15
Lovro Klarić, A. Dapo, B. Pribicevic
This study presents a new approach to optimize the habitat mapping process of the Posidonia oceanica algae on the east coast of the Adriatic Sea. Mapping of underwater and coastal habitats in the Adriatic Sea, until now, was conducted by direct methods (diving, drop-down camera, etc.) in combination with indirect modelling, which in the majority of cases results in data heterogeneity. The mentioned approach has proven unreliable, expensive, and only informative. Modern indirect, remote sensing methods enable an analysis of the dispersion of the return acoustic signal in the entire water column, leading to more detailed and effective habitat mapping. Side-scan echo sounder imagery has been extensively used for habitat mapping due to its good seafloor coverage. However, it still has proven to have some limitations (e.g. need for combining with other instruments to collect precise bathymetric data). Multibeam echo sounder enables full coverage of the seafloor, precise bathymetric data, and backscatter data allowing more detailed analysis. On the other hand, a simultaneous hydrographic survey with side-scan and multibeam echo sounder results in superior imagery, better seafloor coverage, and vast and various data sets. This approach requires optimization of the acoustic instruments for collecting detailed data, which can later result in a more successful classification of the Posidonia oceanica underwater habitat. Such methodology has proven to be less time-consuming, more precise, and cost-benefit for future mapping of large sea areas.
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF ACOUSTIC SURVEY METHODS FOR HABITAT MAPPING OF THE POSIDONIA OCEANICA ALGAE ON THE EASTERN COAST OF THE ADRIATIC","authors":"Lovro Klarić, A. Dapo, B. Pribicevic","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.15","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a new approach to optimize the habitat mapping process of the Posidonia oceanica algae on the east coast of the Adriatic Sea. Mapping of underwater and coastal habitats in the Adriatic Sea, until now, was conducted by direct methods (diving, drop-down camera, etc.) in combination with indirect modelling, which in the majority of cases results in data heterogeneity. The mentioned approach has proven unreliable, expensive, and only informative. Modern indirect, remote sensing methods enable an analysis of the dispersion of the return acoustic signal in the entire water column, leading to more detailed and effective habitat mapping. Side-scan echo sounder imagery has been extensively used for habitat mapping due to its good seafloor coverage. However, it still has proven to have some limitations (e.g. need for combining with other instruments to collect precise bathymetric data). Multibeam echo sounder enables full coverage of the seafloor, precise bathymetric data, and backscatter data allowing more detailed analysis. \u0000On the other hand, a simultaneous hydrographic survey with side-scan and multibeam echo sounder results in superior imagery, better seafloor coverage, and vast and various data sets. This approach requires optimization of the acoustic instruments for collecting detailed data, which can later result in a more successful classification of the Posidonia oceanica underwater habitat. Such methodology has proven to be less time-consuming, more precise, and cost-benefit for future mapping of large sea areas.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133408115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.25
T. Kozel, Pavel Skarecky
One of the ways to manage drought is to use optimization when managing the storage function of reservoirs. Optimizing reservoir management itself requires inflow forecasts. A lot of forecasting models have been created in the world, which according to many authors can be used for the given purpose. The models themselves are generally assessed according to classical criteria. The article therefore attempts to determine whether the quality of the forecast model for the mentioned application can be assessed as a whole (the model must be able to predict the entire interval of occurrence of flows) or whether the local quality of the model is sufficient (the model can predict a defined interval of occurrence of flows with good quality). For this purpose, a fictitious forecasting model was built that makes predictions based on real flow series and white noise. The predictions created in this way are then used to control the real reservoir using the deterministic evolution method. The achieved results are then compared with the results when a directly real series was used for control. The results themselves may be somewhat surprising, as certain combinations of the fictitious model predictions achieved better results than the results obtained using the real values according to the chosen criterion.
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF THE FORECAST MODEL ERROR ON OPTIMIZING THE STORAGE FUNCTION CONTROL OF THE RESERVOIR USING","authors":"T. Kozel, Pavel Skarecky","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.25","url":null,"abstract":"One of the ways to manage drought is to use optimization when managing the storage function of reservoirs. Optimizing reservoir management itself requires inflow forecasts. A lot of forecasting models have been created in the world, which according to many authors can be used for the given purpose. The models themselves are generally assessed according to classical criteria. The article therefore attempts to determine whether the quality of the forecast model for the mentioned application can be assessed as a whole (the model must be able to predict the entire interval of occurrence of flows) or whether the local quality of the model is sufficient (the model can predict a defined interval of occurrence of flows with good quality). For this purpose, a fictitious forecasting model was built that makes predictions based on real flow series and white noise. The predictions created in this way are then used to control the real reservoir using the deterministic evolution method. The achieved results are then compared with the results when a directly real series was used for control. The results themselves may be somewhat surprising, as certain combinations of the fictitious model predictions achieved better results than the results obtained using the real values according to the chosen criterion.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115459471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.04
N. Kiknadze, R. Gotsiridze, Nino Mkheidze, Z. Mikeladze, Zurab Kontselidze
It proved experimentally that for neutralized sea water (removal of microorganisms) may be used electro dialysis device, as its economy and proper quality of sea water are justified. Research data need to refine and continue in this direction. At three locations in the Adjara coastal zone of the Black Sea (Pichvnari, Kvariati, the coast of the Batumi port), as a result of Electro dialysis, recorded more than effective ion removal NH4+ - ions, than NO2- -ions. As a result of electro dialysis, the concentration of both ions in seawater samples is below the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) norms, whereas in the initial samples, the content of these ions is was above the MPC norms. The total number of coliform bacteria is higher than the MPC (maximum permissible concentration) - in the coastal zone of the Batumi port (>11000). After passing through the electro dialysis device, no coliform bacteria were found, in none of the water samples taken from three locations. To neutralize sea water (removal of microorganisms) we recommend applying method of electro dialysis. Based on the large volume of sea water, it is uneconomical use a microfiltration process to clean it. In addition, in this case, complete membrane regeneration is required. Concerning, it is better to use sorption and membrane technologies directly in the vicinity of sources of pollution, and only after that release purified water in the sea.
{"title":"CHEMICAL-BACTERIOLOGICAL DATA MONITORING IN THE BLACK SEA AND ITS CLEARING RECOMMENDATIONS","authors":"N. Kiknadze, R. Gotsiridze, Nino Mkheidze, Z. Mikeladze, Zurab Kontselidze","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.04","url":null,"abstract":"It proved experimentally that for neutralized sea water (removal of microorganisms) may be used electro dialysis device, as its economy and proper quality of sea water are justified. Research data need to refine and continue in this direction. At three locations in the Adjara coastal zone of the Black Sea (Pichvnari, Kvariati, the coast of the Batumi port), as a result of Electro dialysis, recorded more than effective ion removal NH4+ - ions, than NO2- -ions. As a result of electro dialysis, the concentration of both ions in seawater samples is below the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) norms, whereas in the initial samples, the content of these ions is was above the MPC norms. The total number of coliform bacteria is higher than the MPC (maximum permissible concentration) - in the coastal zone of the Batumi port (>11000). After passing through the electro dialysis device, no coliform bacteria were found, in none of the water samples taken from three locations. To neutralize sea water (removal of microorganisms) we recommend applying method of electro dialysis. Based on the large volume of sea water, it is uneconomical use a microfiltration process to clean it. In addition, in this case, complete membrane regeneration is required. Concerning, it is better to use sorption and membrane technologies directly in the vicinity of sources of pollution, and only after that release purified water in the sea.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123328905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.08
Miroslava Plevkova
Hydrological extremes (drought-flood) are a phenomenon that is occurring more and more frequently because of climate change. The human-altered landscape cannot sufficiently withstand these extreme phenomena. For this reason, society feels pressure on the design, and assessment, but especially the implementation of adaptation and mitigation measures in the landscape. For best-designed measures, it is crucial to determine where the given problem arises and what are the possibilities of its solution with subsequent quantification of effectiveness. In the Czech Republic, this problem is solved in the long term by processing flood maps and determining flood areas. In 2009, a methodology was created for the identification of places that are potentially threatened by flash floods [1]. In the interest area of the Dyje basin, 1356 critical points were determined by this methodology. The work's main goal was to evaluate these points and their contributing areas based on current data, and the summary and evaluation of the accessible data that will be used for proposals for measures. All analyses were made by using geographic information systems. It was specifically about evaluating the percentage representation of arable land, as one of the main criteria for determining the critical point. It was found that in almost 42 % of the critical points (or in their contributing areas) there was a decrease in arable land by more than 10 %. Furthermore, the occurrence of recorded erosion events was addressed. According to information from the Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, there were 622 erosion events in the Dyje basin area, and 43 % were in catchment areas of critical points. One of the crucial topics that are currently resonating in society in terms of proposals for measures in the landscape is drainage areas. According to vectorized documents from the Agricultural Water Management Company, these areas are in 57 % of the collection areas of critical points. The evaluation will further enter a multi-criteria analysis for the selection of a priority area, as the Dyje basin is quite extensive for more detailed analyses. Subsequently, protective measures close to nature will be designed and evaluated in the priority area using mathematical modelling.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF CRITICAL POINTS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTING AREAS ACCORDING TO CURRENT LAND USE AS MAIN INPUT FOR DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NATURE-FRIENDLY MEASURES","authors":"Miroslava Plevkova","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.08","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrological extremes (drought-flood) are a phenomenon that is occurring more and more frequently because of climate change. The human-altered landscape cannot sufficiently withstand these extreme phenomena. For this reason, society feels pressure on the design, and assessment, but especially the implementation of adaptation and mitigation measures in the landscape. For best-designed measures, it is crucial to determine where the given problem arises and what are the possibilities of its solution with subsequent quantification of effectiveness. In the Czech Republic, this problem is solved in the long term by processing flood maps and determining flood areas. In 2009, a methodology was created for the identification of places that are potentially threatened by flash floods [1]. In the interest area of the Dyje basin, 1356 critical points were determined by this methodology. The work's main goal was to evaluate these points and their contributing areas based on current data, and the summary and evaluation of the accessible data that will be used for proposals for measures. All analyses were made by using geographic information systems. It was specifically about evaluating the percentage representation of arable land, as one of the main criteria for determining the critical point. It was found that in almost 42 % of the critical points (or in their contributing areas) there was a decrease in arable land by more than 10 %. Furthermore, the occurrence of recorded erosion events was addressed. According to information from the Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, there were 622 erosion events in the Dyje basin area, and 43 % were in catchment areas of critical points. One of the crucial topics that are currently resonating in society in terms of proposals for measures in the landscape is drainage areas. According to vectorized documents from the Agricultural Water Management Company, these areas are in 57 % of the collection areas of critical points. The evaluation will further enter a multi-criteria analysis for the selection of a priority area, as the Dyje basin is quite extensive for more detailed analyses. Subsequently, protective measures close to nature will be designed and evaluated in the priority area using mathematical modelling.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127518992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s06.32
Laila Houd Ben Giuma, Muna Hassan Bek
The production of oil and gas includes drilling a number of wells for exploration or production activities. During drilling operations, large volumes of drilling fluids are used to facilitate the process. In Libya, after completion of drilling operations drill cuttings and waste drilling fluids are typically discharged close to the oil fields without treatment. This can result in negative ecological impacts on the surrounding environment e.g. through infiltration of toxic constituents into soils and underground waters. In this work, the sustainable approaches were examined to test their suitability for use in Libyan Desert. The solidification/ stabilisation of drilling waste via geopolymerisation approach was tested using natural kaolin clay. The ability of the geopolymers to stabilise drilling waste by immobilising heavy metals and encapsulating hydrocarbons was evaluated through systematic experiments employing both macro properties and microstructure studies to assess: (i) the transformation of raw materials into cementitious materials; (ii) changes in physical and mechanical properties, (iii) the role of additives in enhancing the degree of geopolymerisation (iv) the leachability of solidified wastegeopolymers produced. The research has resulted in a number of key conclusions related to the feasibility of using Kaolin based geopolymers to stabilise the drilling waste generated from oil and gas industry in Libya. It is found that (S/S) systems composed from kaolin-waste geopolymer able to reduce the contaminants leachability by both physical (adsorption or encapsulation) and chemical (fixation) means, and it is possible to use Kaolin as a sustainable alternative for Portland cement in S/S system to convert the hazardous waste into inert or nonreactive hazardous waste acceptable for selected in-situ environmental engineering applications. The solidified geopolymer matrix found adequate to the requirements of sustainable waste management options such as safe landfill, reuse and recycle in the place of the generation which offering a sustainable, cost-effective approach that brings environmental and economic benefits.
{"title":"MICROSTRUCTURE, MINERALOGY AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF KAOLIN & METAKAOLIN GEOPOLYMERS USED FOR SOLIDIFICATION AND STABILIZATION OF OIL AND GAS DRILLING WASTE OPERATIONS","authors":"Laila Houd Ben Giuma, Muna Hassan Bek","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s06.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s06.32","url":null,"abstract":"The production of oil and gas includes drilling a number of wells for exploration or production activities. During drilling operations, large volumes of drilling fluids are used to facilitate the process. In Libya, after completion of drilling operations drill cuttings and waste drilling fluids are typically discharged close to the oil fields without treatment. This can result in negative ecological impacts on the surrounding environment e.g. through infiltration of toxic constituents into soils and underground waters. \u0000In this work, the sustainable approaches were examined to test their suitability for use in Libyan Desert. The solidification/ stabilisation of drilling waste via geopolymerisation approach was tested using natural kaolin clay. The ability of the geopolymers to stabilise drilling waste by immobilising heavy metals and encapsulating hydrocarbons was evaluated through systematic experiments employing both macro properties and microstructure studies to assess: (i) the transformation of raw materials into cementitious materials; (ii) changes in physical and mechanical properties, (iii) the role of additives in enhancing the degree of geopolymerisation (iv) the leachability of solidified wastegeopolymers produced. \u0000The research has resulted in a number of key conclusions related to the feasibility of using Kaolin based geopolymers to stabilise the drilling waste generated from oil and gas industry in Libya. \u0000It is found that (S/S) systems composed from kaolin-waste geopolymer able to reduce the contaminants leachability by both physical (adsorption or encapsulation) and chemical (fixation) means, and it is possible to use Kaolin as a sustainable alternative for Portland cement in S/S system to convert the hazardous waste into inert or nonreactive hazardous waste acceptable for selected in-situ environmental engineering applications. The solidified geopolymer matrix found adequate to the requirements of sustainable waste management options such as safe landfill, reuse and recycle in the place of the generation which offering a sustainable, cost-effective approach that brings environmental and economic benefits.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122417777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s06.31
M. Jomir, C. Mihai, A. Ene, Constantin Jomir
Water pollution with oil residues is a particularly important and difficult problem to prevent and solve. The ecological consequences of black tides have proven to be particularly serious and even catastrophic for marine ecosystems. In this sense, the limitation and concentration represent the optimal response action to hydrocarbon pollution. The aim of the work was to digitally design a woven textile reinforcement used as a matrix of the composite material from which the freeboard and skirt of the floating surface boom modules are made, which are used dynamically in the open sea for towing the pollutant film. In order to establish the optimal values of the engineering characteristics of the composite material, respectively: strength and elongation at break in the longitudinal and transverse direction, mass, resistance to the thermal regime of water specific to the closed sea, without communication and to the upwelling phenomenon, a specialized software was used. The reinforcement density values were obtained after calculating the stretching force (Laplace's equation) from the composite structure used in dynamic field (impact multiplier 2) and the tensile strength of the material in shock conditions (Brown's formula).
{"title":"DIGITAL DESIGN OF THE REINFORCEMENT OF THE COMPOSITE MATERIAL NEW OF THE OIL FILM TRAWLING EQUIPMENT LOCATED IN OPEN AQUATIC HABITAT","authors":"M. Jomir, C. Mihai, A. Ene, Constantin Jomir","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s06.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s06.31","url":null,"abstract":"Water pollution with oil residues is a particularly important and difficult problem to prevent and solve. The ecological consequences of black tides have proven to be particularly serious and even catastrophic for marine ecosystems. In this sense, the limitation and concentration represent the optimal response action to hydrocarbon pollution. The aim of the work was to digitally design a woven textile reinforcement used as a matrix of the composite material from which the freeboard and skirt of the floating surface boom modules are made, which are used dynamically in the open sea for towing the pollutant film. In order to establish the optimal values of the engineering characteristics of the composite material, respectively: strength and elongation at break in the longitudinal and transverse direction, mass, resistance to the thermal regime of water specific to the closed sea, without communication and to the upwelling phenomenon, a specialized software was used. The reinforcement density values were obtained after calculating the stretching force (Laplace's equation) from the composite structure used in dynamic field (impact multiplier 2) and the tensile strength of the material in shock conditions (Brown's formula).","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127110364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.48
M. Moreno-García, R. Ordonez-Fernandez, Rosa Maria Carbonell Bojollo, Francisco Perez Serrano, Antonio Rodriguez Lizana
This study aims to observe the spatial distribution of the arthropods biodiversity inhabiting the soil surface of olive groves. For this purpose, a sampling campaign has been carried out in a 15.1 ha plot of this crop. This plot is located in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. The study comprised a total of 65 sampling stations for epigean arthropods. Each station consisted of two drop traps, one located under the canopy of the olive tree and the other in the middle of the strip. With the arthropod catch data from each sampling station, the Shannon biodiversity index per sampling unit was calculated. The average of the 65 stations amounts to a biodiversity value of 1.66 for this index. It can therefore be considered to have a relatively low diversity. This is a normal result in cultivated systems. A study of this biodiversity index has also been carried out for the three most important orders of soil-dwelling arthropods: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Araneae. In these orders, very low biodiversity values were found, as the number of species counted was reduced. Respectively, the results were 0.49, 0.68 and 0.61. Subsequently, a kriging study was carried out to study the distribution patterns of the results obtained at the sampling stations. The patterns show a general enrichment in biodiversity from the highest and steepest enclaves to areas of lower altitude and lower slope. With respect to biodiversity within the three orders studied, the patterns have not been as evident. Particularly in the case of Araneae.
{"title":"SPATIAL BIODIVERSITY OF EPIGEAN ARTHROPODS IN AN OLIVE GROVE IN SOUTHERN IBERIA","authors":"M. Moreno-García, R. Ordonez-Fernandez, Rosa Maria Carbonell Bojollo, Francisco Perez Serrano, Antonio Rodriguez Lizana","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.48","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to observe the spatial distribution of the arthropods biodiversity inhabiting the soil surface of olive groves. For this purpose, a sampling campaign has been carried out in a 15.1 ha plot of this crop. This plot is located in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. The study comprised a total of 65 sampling stations for epigean arthropods. Each station consisted of two drop traps, one located under the canopy of the olive tree and the other in the middle of the strip. \u0000With the arthropod catch data from each sampling station, the Shannon biodiversity index per sampling unit was calculated. The average of the 65 stations amounts to a biodiversity value of 1.66 for this index. It can therefore be considered to have a relatively low diversity. This is a normal result in cultivated systems. \u0000A study of this biodiversity index has also been carried out for the three most important orders of soil-dwelling arthropods: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Araneae. In these orders, very low biodiversity values were found, as the number of species counted was reduced. Respectively, the results were 0.49, 0.68 and 0.61. \u0000Subsequently, a kriging study was carried out to study the distribution patterns of the results obtained at the sampling stations. The patterns show a general enrichment in biodiversity from the highest and steepest enclaves to areas of lower altitude and lower slope. With respect to biodiversity within the three orders studied, the patterns have not been as evident. Particularly in the case of Araneae.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121366842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.21
M. Bednar, D. Marton
Reservoir sedimentation is the gradual accumulation of the incoming sediment load from a river. With the increasing inappropriate usage of agricultural land, the amount of sediment is becoming larger due to erosion. This undesired outcome is supported by changing hydrological and climatological conditions within a river basin. Climate change has wide effects on all processes within the water cycle, which directly affects water resources. Water management in the future must be adapted for oncoming extremes accompanying climate change, such as floods or droughts. Therefore, sediment accumulation is a serious problem with severe consequences for water management, flood control and the production of energy. Unfortunately, sedimentation will be always a problem until anthropogenic activities (which are accompanied by topsoil erosion), such as overgrazing or deforestation, are strictly controlled. We analysed the effect of sedimentation on two reservoirs � Vranov and Znojmo � which are in the Czech Republic, near the border with Austria. The new measurement of each reservoir�s bottom was carried out in 2021 and 2022. Using ArcMap software, two digital models of the reservoir bottoms were developed. One model used the original measured data, and the other the new data from 2021. The storage-area-elevation curves were evaluated for both models and then compared. There was a storage loss of 7.7% for reservoir Vranov and 16.2% for reservoir Znojmo for the maximum operating water level. Since both reservoirs are water supply reservoirs and in cascade, their management has a large impact on the whole system of reservoirs. This impact was tested using a reservoir system model created in HEC-ResSim software, where the change in long-term mean streamflow was observed. The effect of reservoir storage loss was also analysed under conditions of climate change, where three different RCP scenarios were used to simulate climate change during the period from 2021 to 2060. Storage loss for both reservoirs had added an average 1.95% decrease in long-term mean streamflow to another decrease of 28.0% caused by climate change.
{"title":"RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION EFFECT ON WATER SUPPLY UNDER CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE","authors":"M. Bednar, D. Marton","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.21","url":null,"abstract":"Reservoir sedimentation is the gradual accumulation of the incoming sediment load from a river. With the increasing inappropriate usage of agricultural land, the amount of sediment is becoming larger due to erosion. This undesired outcome is supported by changing hydrological and climatological conditions within a river basin. Climate change has wide effects on all processes within the water cycle, which directly affects water resources. Water management in the future must be adapted for oncoming extremes accompanying climate change, such as floods or droughts. Therefore, sediment accumulation is a serious problem with severe consequences for water management, flood control and the production of energy. Unfortunately, sedimentation will be always a problem until anthropogenic activities (which are accompanied by topsoil erosion), such as overgrazing or deforestation, are strictly controlled. We analysed the effect of sedimentation on two reservoirs � Vranov and Znojmo � which are in the Czech Republic, near the border with Austria. The new measurement of each reservoir�s bottom was carried out in 2021 and 2022. Using ArcMap software, two digital models of the reservoir bottoms were developed. One model used the original measured data, and the other the new data from 2021. The storage-area-elevation curves were evaluated for both models and then compared. There was a storage loss of 7.7% for reservoir Vranov and 16.2% for reservoir Znojmo for the maximum operating water level. Since both reservoirs are water supply reservoirs and in cascade, their management has a large impact on the whole system of reservoirs. This impact was tested using a reservoir system model created in HEC-ResSim software, where the change in long-term mean streamflow was observed. The effect of reservoir storage loss was also analysed under conditions of climate change, where three different RCP scenarios were used to simulate climate change during the period from 2021 to 2060. Storage loss for both reservoirs had added an average 1.95% decrease in long-term mean streamflow to another decrease of 28.0% caused by climate change.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116619373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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