Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.42
Ciprian Buzna, M. Horablaga, M. Herbei, F. Sala
The study analyzed forest vegetation in the "Bazos Dendrological Park" area, Timis County, Romania, in order to describe the seasonal variation of the vegetation through imaging analysis based on satellite images (Sentinel 2). The study took place in the period 2021-2022, and each year 7 sets of images (T1 - T7) were taken between the months of April and August. NDMI, NDVI and NBR indices were calculated from the analysis of satellite images. Among the calculated indices, very strong correlations were found between NBR and NDMI (r=-0.928, year 2021), between NBR and NDVI (r=0.947, year 2021; r=0.928, year 2022). Moderate correlations were found between NDVI and NDMI (r=-0.769, year 2021), and weak correlations were found between NDMI and t (r=-0.655, year 2021), between NDVI and NDMI (r=0.617, year 2022). Other weak intensity correlations were also recorded. The variation of the NDVI indices in relation to NDMI and the NBR index in relation to NDMI or to NDVI was described by polynomial equations of 2nd degree, under statistical safety conditions (p les than 0.001, R2>0.9 for the year 2021; p=0.007, R2 >0.9 in the case of NDVI vs NDMI; p=0.014, R2=0.877 in the case of NBR vs NDVI, respectively p less than 0.001, R2 bigger than 0.9 in the case of NBR vs NDMI for the year 2022). In relation to the time interval (t, days), spline models faithfully described the variation of the calculated indices during the study period, under statistical safety conditions ( ? = .0 0061 in the case of NDMI vs t, ? = 0017.0 in the case of NDVI vs t, ? = 0067.0 in the case of NBR vs t, under the conditions of 2021; ? = 0317.0 in the case of NDMI vs t, ? = 0024.0 in the case of NDVI vs t, ? = 0077.0 in the case of NDMI vs t, under the conditions of 2022).
本研究对罗马尼亚Timis县“Bazos树木公园”地区的森林植被进行了分析，通过基于Sentinel 2卫星图像的成像分析来描述植被的季节变化。研究时间为2021-2022年，每年4月至8月拍摄7组(T1 - T7)图像。通过卫星影像分析计算NDMI、NDVI和NBR指数。计算指标中，NBR与NDMI (r=-0.928, 2021年)、NBR与NDVI (r=0.947, 2021年)呈极强相关性;R =0.928(2022年)。NDVI与NDMI呈中度相关(r=-0.769, 2021年)，NDMI与t呈弱相关(r=-0.655, 2021年)，NDVI与NDMI呈弱相关(r=0.617, 2022年)。其他弱强度相关性也被记录下来。在统计安全条件下，NDVI指数与NDMI、NBR指数与NDMI或NDVI的变化用二阶多项式方程描述(p < 0.001, R2>0.9);NDVI vs NDMI p=0.007, R2 >0.9;NBR与NDVI的p=0.014, R2=0.877，分别p < 0.001, 2022年NBR与NDMI的R2大于0.9)。相对于时间间隔(t，天)，样条模型忠实地描述了在统计安全条件下(?在NDMI vs . t的情况下= 0.0061，?NDVI / t = 0017.0， ?在2021年的条件下，丁腈橡胶对t = 0067.0;？ = 0317.0在NDMI对t的情况下，?在NDVI / t的情况下= 0024.0，?在2022条件下，NDMI vs t = 0077.0)。
{"title":"MODELS FOR DESCRIBING THE DYNAMICS OF FOREST VEGETATION BASED ON REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES","authors":"Ciprian Buzna, M. Horablaga, M. Herbei, F. Sala","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.42","url":null,"abstract":"The study analyzed forest vegetation in the \"Bazos Dendrological Park\" area, Timis County, Romania, in order to describe the seasonal variation of the vegetation through imaging analysis based on satellite images (Sentinel 2). The study took place in the period 2021-2022, and each year 7 sets of images (T1 - T7) were taken between the months of April and August. NDMI, NDVI and NBR indices were calculated from the analysis of satellite images. Among the calculated indices, very strong correlations were found between NBR and NDMI (r=-0.928, year 2021), between NBR and NDVI (r=0.947, year 2021; r=0.928, year 2022). Moderate correlations were found between NDVI and NDMI (r=-0.769, year 2021), and weak correlations were found between NDMI and t (r=-0.655, year 2021), between NDVI and NDMI (r=0.617, year 2022). Other weak intensity correlations were also recorded. The variation of the NDVI indices in relation to NDMI and the NBR index in relation to NDMI or to NDVI was described by polynomial equations of 2nd degree, under statistical safety conditions (p les than 0.001, R2>0.9 for the year 2021; p=0.007, R2 >0.9 in the case of NDVI vs NDMI; p=0.014, R2=0.877 in the case of NBR vs NDVI, respectively p less than 0.001, R2 bigger than 0.9 in the case of NBR vs NDMI for the year 2022). In relation to the time interval (t, days), spline models faithfully described the variation of the calculated indices during the study period, under statistical safety conditions ( ? = .0 0061 in the case of NDMI vs t, ? = 0017.0 in the case of NDVI vs t, ? = 0067.0 in the case of NBR vs t, under the conditions of 2021; ? = 0317.0 in the case of NDMI vs t, ? = 0024.0 in the case of NDVI vs t, ? = 0077.0 in the case of NDMI vs t, under the conditions of 2022).","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124972735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.41
We investigated the changes in element content and distribution in peat profile in a study aimed to monitor the geochemical changes accruing in the process of peat accumulation. Changes in the chemical composition of peat ash and underlying sediments have been studied in the central part of the Ubinskoye bog in the foreststeppe zone of Western Siberia. Two parallel peat cores were sampled to a depth of 310 cm. The upper peat layers are characterized by oxidative environment and increased concentrations of elements with variable valence. In addition, high levels of chalcophilic elements have been recorded here, which are associated with the high anthropogenic load of recent decades. In deeper high-ash peat horizons, with an increase in the reducing environment along the peat bog profile, the content of rock-forming elements increases. For Br, Sr, Zn, Se, Mo and Ag, there is a peak in concentrations at a depth of 150-180 cm as a result of the groundwater inflow in this interval. Early diagenetic processes lead to the deposition of autigenic minerals. Therefore, barite is formed on the redox line, pyrite is found in the reducing environment. With depth, the content of Ca, Mg and Sr increases, which leads to the formation of autigenic carbonates.
{"title":"GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DEPTH PROFILE FROM THE HIGHMOOR PEAT (WESTERN SIBERIA, RUSSIA)","authors":"","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.41","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the changes in element content and distribution in peat profile in a study aimed to monitor the geochemical changes accruing in the process of peat accumulation. Changes in the chemical composition of peat ash and underlying sediments have been studied in the central part of the Ubinskoye bog in the foreststeppe zone of Western Siberia. Two parallel peat cores were sampled to a depth of 310 cm. The upper peat layers are characterized by oxidative environment and increased concentrations of elements with variable valence. In addition, high levels of chalcophilic elements have been recorded here, which are associated with the high anthropogenic load of recent decades. In deeper high-ash peat horizons, with an increase in the reducing environment along the peat bog profile, the content of rock-forming elements increases. For Br, Sr, Zn, Se, Mo and Ag, there is a peak in concentrations at a depth of 150-180 cm as a result of the groundwater inflow in this interval. Early diagenetic processes lead to the deposition of autigenic minerals. Therefore, barite is formed on the redox line, pyrite is found in the reducing environment. With depth, the content of Ca, Mg and Sr increases, which leads to the formation of autigenic carbonates.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122703530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.45
Simona Borisová, Radka Teleková, Dana Kollarova
Schools in many countries implement environmental education to different extents. School as an institution has a significant role in shaping pupil?s attitudes and behaviour towards nature and the environment. School's cooperation with a forest pedagogue is oriented towards the activities of forest pedagogy, the application of which to education in the conditions of Slovak schools represents one of the possibilities of forming pupils' relationship with nature and awareness of forestry. The aim of the research is to find out and show the possibilities of improving the cooperation of forest pedagogue and teacher so that the activities of the forest pedagogy lead to the formation of pupils' relationship with nature and their awareness of the functioning of the forest ecosystem. The main method of data collection is interviews with teachers and forest educators. The results show that the cooperation of experts � teacher and forest pedagogue can significantly improve the application of forest pedagogy methods and thus increase the quality of achieving the goals of forest pedagogy.
{"title":"MUTUAL INSPIRATION OF THE TEACHER AND THE FOREST PEDAGOGUE IN SHAPING THE PUPIL?S AWARENESS OF NATURE PROTECTION","authors":"Simona Borisová, Radka Teleková, Dana Kollarova","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.45","url":null,"abstract":"Schools in many countries implement environmental education to different extents. School as an institution has a significant role in shaping pupil?s attitudes and behaviour towards nature and the environment. School's cooperation with a forest pedagogue is oriented towards the activities of forest pedagogy, the application of which to education in the conditions of Slovak schools represents one of the possibilities of forming pupils' relationship with nature and awareness of forestry. The aim of the research is to find out and show the possibilities of improving the cooperation of forest pedagogue and teacher so that the activities of the forest pedagogy lead to the formation of pupils' relationship with nature and their awareness of the functioning of the forest ecosystem. The main method of data collection is interviews with teachers and forest educators. The results show that the cooperation of experts � teacher and forest pedagogue can significantly improve the application of forest pedagogy methods and thus increase the quality of achieving the goals of forest pedagogy.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124020051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.43
O. Trofymchuk, Vyacheslav Vishnyakov, N. Sheviakina, V. Klymenko, S. Slastin
The article presents the results of remote monitoring of the consequences of armed aggression, namely the occurrence of fires on the territory of protected areas in the combat zone. In combination with "traditional" data, satellite imagery can play a crucial role in protecting protected areas and providing evidence of environmental violations. Plant and animal life are under threat of destruction from enemy shelling by the Russian army. In addition, there is the uncontrolled spread of fire in the combat zone of Ukraine due to limited access the emergency services. Because of hostilities, landmines, and the occupation of Ukrainian territory, Ukrainian rescuers and foresters are not always able to fully prevent and fight fires. To identify the facts of fires, and to determine the coordinates of fires that lead to large-scale fires in the specified conditions, space monitoring by methods of remote sensing of the Earth is effective. Using remote sensing data, the authors present a methodology for monitoring fires as a result of military operations in Ukraine, the scale of fires, tracing the direction of their spread, etc. The help of satellite monitoring determined fires, and the causes of their occurrence making it possible to predict further spread and assess the affected areas. The publication presents the results of research on the use of remote sensing data on determining the thermal anomalies, hotbeds, and fires, and the proposed approach to monitoring of natural areas of Ukraine in the combat zone.
{"title":"MONITORING OF FIRES AND ASSESSMENT OF CHANGES IN THE STATE OF NATURE-PROTECTED TERRITORIES OF UKRAINE AS A RESULT OF MILITARY OPERATIONS","authors":"O. Trofymchuk, Vyacheslav Vishnyakov, N. Sheviakina, V. Klymenko, S. Slastin","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.43","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of remote monitoring of the consequences of armed aggression, namely the occurrence of fires on the territory of protected areas in the combat zone. In combination with \"traditional\" data, satellite imagery can play a crucial role in protecting protected areas and providing evidence of environmental violations. \u0000Plant and animal life are under threat of destruction from enemy shelling by the Russian army. In addition, there is the uncontrolled spread of fire in the combat zone of Ukraine due to limited access the emergency services. Because of hostilities, landmines, and the occupation of Ukrainian territory, Ukrainian rescuers and foresters are not always able to fully prevent and fight fires. To identify the facts of fires, and to determine the coordinates of fires that lead to large-scale fires in the specified conditions, space monitoring by methods of remote sensing of the Earth is effective. \u0000Using remote sensing data, the authors present a methodology for monitoring fires as a result of military operations in Ukraine, the scale of fires, tracing the direction of their spread, etc. The help of satellite monitoring determined fires, and the causes of their occurrence making it possible to predict further spread and assess the affected areas. The publication presents the results of research on the use of remote sensing data on determining the thermal anomalies, hotbeds, and fires, and the proposed approach to monitoring of natural areas of Ukraine in the combat zone.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131323568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.28
A. Queiroz, Vinicius A. Reis, J. L. Diaz de Tuesta, Paulo Brito, A. E. Ribeiro
Adsorption is a treatment process based on accumulation of the adsorbate (pollutant) on the adsorbent surface that has been successful used for the optimization of wastewater treatment plant effluents cleaning. This work will present the main experimental results for the removal of naproxen from water by adsorption using activated carbon obtained from olive stones. Four types of activated carbon material were prepared from olive stones. The batch method was applied to experimentally measure the equilibrium adsorption isotherms. The most significant adsorption parameters were optimized, such as the solution pH, mass of the adsorbent, contact time and temperature. The physicochemical characterization of the pyrolyzed material shows a considerable superficial area of 608 m2/g when compared with other natural biomass-based materials. A removal efficiency of 100% was obtained for 24 h and a pH=4.5. The Langmuir model was used to better describe the adsorption behavior for adsorbent with better removal performance with the highest maximum adsorption capacity value of 35.2 mg naproxen/g adsorbent. The kinetics of the adsorption is well described by a pseudo-second order model. Obtained results in this work clearly show that olive stones, usually a residue from the Portuguese and Mediterranean oliviculture, can be exploited as a promising and lowcost biomass source on the production of adsorbent materials with considerable potential to remove micropollutants, such as the naproxen, from water.
{"title":"VALORIZATION OF OLIVICULTURE RESIDUES TO PRODUCE BIOCHARS FOR THE REMOVAL OF NAPROXEN FROM WATER","authors":"A. Queiroz, Vinicius A. Reis, J. L. Diaz de Tuesta, Paulo Brito, A. E. Ribeiro","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.28","url":null,"abstract":"Adsorption is a treatment process based on accumulation of the adsorbate (pollutant) on the adsorbent surface that has been successful used for the optimization of wastewater treatment plant effluents cleaning. This work will present the main experimental results for the removal of naproxen from water by adsorption using activated carbon obtained from olive stones. Four types of activated carbon material were prepared from olive stones. The batch method was applied to experimentally measure the equilibrium adsorption isotherms. The most significant adsorption parameters were optimized, such as the solution pH, mass of the adsorbent, contact time and temperature. The physicochemical characterization of the pyrolyzed material shows a considerable superficial area of 608 m2/g when compared with other natural biomass-based materials. A removal efficiency of 100% was obtained for 24 h and a pH=4.5. The Langmuir model was used to better describe the adsorption behavior for adsorbent with better removal performance with the highest maximum adsorption capacity value of 35.2 mg naproxen/g adsorbent. The kinetics of the adsorption is well described by a pseudo-second order model. Obtained results in this work clearly show that olive stones, usually a residue from the Portuguese and Mediterranean oliviculture, can be exploited as a promising and lowcost biomass source on the production of adsorbent materials with considerable potential to remove micropollutants, such as the naproxen, from water.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123438097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.44
N. Shuleva, Neno Aleksandrov, K. Kolev, Maya Tsoklinova
In Bulgaria, the number of water sources and facilities for drinking and domestic water supply from surface and underground water is about 7,480. They are surrounded by sanitary protection zones (SPZ). Each SPZ has 3 belts, which are organised according to an accepted methodology. With the help of a designed geographic information system, it was found that in Bulgaria forest territories that belong to SPZ around water sources and water supply facilities for drinking and domestic needs have a total area of 576,117 ha and 49.837 million cubic meters of total growing stock. The importance of sanitary protection zones for water protection, health and life quality of the population is indisputable. Due to this the goal of the present paper is to systemize forests around water sources with protection functions in Bulgaria in homogenous groups. The systematization is done on the basis of K-means cluster analysis, which is applied for coniferous, coppice and high-stem forests for each of the three SPZ in 28 regions from level NUTS-3 in Bulgaria and three variables, which characterize forests, namely � forest area (ha), mean annual increment (m3/ha), total growing stock of forest territories (m3). On this ground it has been established that high-stem, coniferous and coppice forests from the three SPZ can be systemized in 6, 6 and 7 homogenous clusters respectively. The variables, which contribute to a high extent for cluster formation, are as follows: area of high-stem forests from belt 3; area of coniferous forests from belt 2; and area of coppice forests from belt 3.
{"title":"MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODELING OF THE FOREST AREAS AROUND WATER SOURCES IN BULGARIA","authors":"N. Shuleva, Neno Aleksandrov, K. Kolev, Maya Tsoklinova","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.44","url":null,"abstract":"In Bulgaria, the number of water sources and facilities for drinking and domestic water supply from surface and underground water is about 7,480. They are surrounded by sanitary protection zones (SPZ). Each SPZ has 3 belts, which are organised according to an accepted methodology. With the help of a designed geographic information system, it was found that in Bulgaria forest territories that belong to SPZ around water sources and water supply facilities for drinking and domestic needs have a total area of 576,117 ha and 49.837 million cubic meters of total growing stock. The importance of sanitary protection zones for water protection, health and life quality of the population is indisputable. Due to this the goal of the present paper is to systemize forests around water sources with protection functions in Bulgaria in homogenous groups. The systematization is done on the basis of K-means cluster analysis, which is applied for coniferous, coppice and high-stem forests for each of the three SPZ in 28 regions from level NUTS-3 in Bulgaria and three variables, which characterize forests, namely � forest area (ha), mean annual increment (m3/ha), total growing stock of forest territories (m3). On this ground it has been established that high-stem, coniferous and coppice forests from the three SPZ can be systemized in 6, 6 and 7 homogenous clusters respectively. The variables, which contribute to a high extent for cluster formation, are as follows: area of high-stem forests from belt 3; area of coniferous forests from belt 2; and area of coppice forests from belt 3.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128642599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.51
I. Straupe, Edgars Sadauskis
The objects of study are Hylocomiosa forest site forests owned by government and managed by JSC �Latvia�s State Forests�. Research object is a part of forest protection zone around cities. In those protection zones clear-cut is forbidden by law. In order to promote forest growth and mitigate the negative effects of climate change, forests in protected zones also need to be properly managed. The aim of research is to evaluate regeneration success of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L after group selection felling in Hylocomiosa forest site type. The data required for the research were obtained by establishing 25 m2 sample plots in five research objects: three of those research objects are after first step of group selection felling and two objects after the first step of overall selection felling. An annual height increases of Scots pine (starting from the second year) was measured in the sample plots of the first group selection felling openings (0.2 ha) and the number of trees was determined in one four-year-old and two biennial young stands. The heights of Scots pines were measured and compared in the four year old group selection felling site and in two overall selection felling sites by evenly establishing sample plots on the longest diagonal of the research area. The prediction of the next group felling step by registering at least one meter high Scots pine was done. The study found that in the Hylocomiosa forest site by artificial regeneration the area with Scots pine, both - two and four years after regeneration, the number of trees per hectare is sufficient. The increase of the height and annual height of Scots pine in the second year after restoration are similar among sites. It is potential to predict the time period after which the next step of selection felling will be possible. The natural regeneration of Scots pine under canopy of the remaining stand takes twice as long as artificial regeneration in gaps after group selection felling.
{"title":"THE REGENERATION OF SCOTS PINE PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. AFTER SELECTIVE FELLING IN HYLOCOMIOSA FOREST SITE TYPE","authors":"I. Straupe, Edgars Sadauskis","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.51","url":null,"abstract":"The objects of study are Hylocomiosa forest site forests owned by government and managed by JSC �Latvia�s State Forests�. Research object is a part of forest protection zone around cities. In those protection zones clear-cut is forbidden by law. In order to promote forest growth and mitigate the negative effects of climate change, forests in protected zones also need to be properly managed. The aim of research is to evaluate regeneration success of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L after group selection felling in Hylocomiosa forest site type. \u0000The data required for the research were obtained by establishing 25 m2 sample plots in five research objects: three of those research objects are after first step of group selection felling and two objects after the first step of overall selection felling. An annual height increases of Scots pine (starting from the second year) was measured in the sample plots of the first group selection felling openings (0.2 ha) and the number of trees was determined in one four-year-old and two biennial young stands. The heights of Scots pines were measured and compared in the four year old group selection felling site and in two overall selection felling sites by evenly establishing sample plots on the longest diagonal of the research area. The prediction of the next group felling step by registering at least one meter high Scots pine was done. \u0000The study found that in the Hylocomiosa forest site by artificial regeneration the area with Scots pine, both - two and four years after regeneration, the number of trees per hectare is sufficient. The increase of the height and annual height of Scots pine in the second year after restoration are similar among sites. It is potential to predict the time period after which the next step of selection felling will be possible. The natural regeneration of Scots pine under canopy of the remaining stand takes twice as long as artificial regeneration in gaps after group selection felling.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132182953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.07
F. Radu, S. Popescu, A. Cozma, A. Rinovetz, B. Radoi
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the role played by different wastewater treatment technologies in the dairy industry in the context of the challenges of sustainable development: water scarcity and conservation of water resources, the constant growth of the population and the costs of wastewater treatment in centralized systems, increasing constraints and stricter environmental protection regulations. In this sense, the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants belonging to a number of 8 factories was determined. The studied factories were divided into three groups according to the type of wastewater treatment technology, namely: the first group uses only the pretreatment stage; the second uses the mechanical-chemical and biological treatment stages with biogas production; the third group has an aerobic biological treatment coupled with a reverse osmosis module. Water samples were taken weekly from the influent and effluent of each wastewater treatment plant for 6 months (March-August 2022). A number of 8 quality parameters were analyzed for both waste water and treated water, in accordance with the national regulations. The results highlighted the fact that the values of chemical oxygen consumption (COD), five-days biochemical oxygen consumption (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), phosphorus (PTotal), respectively total nitrogen (NTotal), and ammonium nitrogen for all wastewater samples far exceeded the limits of admissibility provided by the national wastewater quality standards. Instead, the pH values and the chloride content were within acceptable limits. The apply of mechanical and biological wastewater treatments determined the decrease of COD, BOD5 and TSS concentrations by more than 95%, respectively by more than 85% in the case of PTotal. The efficiency of the reverse osmosis module was over 95% in the case of ammonium nitrogen elimination. As a result of the onsite implementation of these technologies for the treatment of wastewater from the dairy industry, the values of the quality indicators of the effluents were in accordance with the regulations regarding the discharge of treated water into natural receivers or into the urban sewage network without affecting the environment.
{"title":"EARLY REMEDIATION OF WASTEWATERS FROM ROMANIAN FOOD INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF DAIRY INDUSTRY WASTEWATER","authors":"F. Radu, S. Popescu, A. Cozma, A. Rinovetz, B. Radoi","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.07","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the role played by different wastewater treatment technologies in the dairy industry in the context of the challenges of sustainable development: water scarcity and conservation of water resources, the constant growth of the population and the costs of wastewater treatment in centralized systems, increasing constraints and stricter environmental protection regulations. In this sense, the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants belonging to a number of 8 factories was determined. The studied factories were divided into three groups according to the type of wastewater treatment technology, namely: the first group uses only the pretreatment stage; the second uses the mechanical-chemical and biological treatment stages with biogas production; the third group has an aerobic biological treatment coupled with a reverse osmosis module. Water samples were taken weekly from the influent and effluent of each wastewater treatment plant for 6 months (March-August 2022). A number of 8 quality parameters were analyzed for both waste water and treated water, in accordance with the national regulations. The results highlighted the fact that the values of chemical oxygen consumption (COD), five-days biochemical oxygen consumption (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), phosphorus (PTotal), respectively total nitrogen (NTotal), and ammonium nitrogen for all wastewater samples far exceeded the limits of admissibility provided by the national wastewater quality standards. Instead, the pH values and the chloride content were within acceptable limits. The apply of mechanical and biological wastewater treatments determined the decrease of COD, BOD5 and TSS concentrations by more than 95%, respectively by more than 85% in the case of PTotal. The efficiency of the reverse osmosis module was over 95% in the case of ammonium nitrogen elimination. As a result of the onsite implementation of these technologies for the treatment of wastewater from the dairy industry, the values of the quality indicators of the effluents were in accordance with the regulations regarding the discharge of treated water into natural receivers or into the urban sewage network without affecting the environment.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130576043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.16
A. Queiroz, Paulo Brito, A. E. Ribeiro, Eduardo V. Carneiro, N. S. Foureaux
Estradiol, also designed as 17- ? -estradiol, belongs to the pharmaceutical class of steroid estrogens and was included in the �Watch List� since 2013 the Directive 2013/39/EU due to its potential risk to human health and environment. The low removal efficiency of estrogens by the conventional wastewater treatment plants, becomes a major source of their release into different aquatic matrices. This work presents the optimization of an analytical methodology based on solid phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography using the response surface methodology to detect and quantify 17-?- Estradiol in wastewater treatment plant effluents. From a set of 10 studied solvent/mixture compositions, pure methanol was selected as the better choice to use as mobile phase composition for liquid chromatography. The solid phase extraction step was optimized using a three-level Box-Behnken experimental design with sample volume, sample pH, adsorbent drying time and solvent composition in the washing step, as the four factors to be studied. The sample volume of 500 mL, a sample pH value adjusted to a value of 2, an adsorbent drying time of 60 min and the use of 10% of methanol in the adsorbent washing step were the obtained optimized conditions. The pH value was concluded to be the more significant parameter for average recuperations of estradiol higher than 80%. The method validation was performed by monitoring 17-?-estradiol in real wastewater treatment plant samples, collected from raw affluent, secondary treatment and treated effluent. The methodology was tested successfully, and estradiol was quantified in all the three studied samples.
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF ESTRADIOL MONITORING IN RAW AND TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLES BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY","authors":"A. Queiroz, Paulo Brito, A. E. Ribeiro, Eduardo V. Carneiro, N. S. Foureaux","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.16","url":null,"abstract":"Estradiol, also designed as 17- ? -estradiol, belongs to the pharmaceutical class of steroid estrogens and was included in the �Watch List� since 2013 the Directive 2013/39/EU due to its potential risk to human health and environment. The low removal efficiency of estrogens by the conventional wastewater treatment plants, becomes a major source of their release into different aquatic matrices. This work presents the optimization of an analytical methodology based on solid phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography using the response surface methodology to detect and quantify 17-?- Estradiol in wastewater treatment plant effluents. From a set of 10 studied solvent/mixture compositions, pure methanol was selected as the better choice to use as mobile phase composition for liquid chromatography. The solid phase extraction step was optimized using a three-level Box-Behnken experimental design with sample volume, sample pH, adsorbent drying time and solvent composition in the washing step, as the four factors to be studied. The sample volume of 500 mL, a sample pH value adjusted to a value of 2, an adsorbent drying time of 60 min and the use of 10% of methanol in the adsorbent washing step were the obtained optimized conditions. The pH value was concluded to be the more significant parameter for average recuperations of estradiol higher than 80%. The method validation was performed by monitoring 17-?-estradiol in real wastewater treatment plant samples, collected from raw affluent, secondary treatment and treated effluent. The methodology was tested successfully, and estradiol was quantified in all the three studied samples.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120838612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.11
M. Bednar, D. Marton
Climate change�s effect on nature, the human population and water resources have become a serious issue. It affects the delicate balance between precipitation, evaporation, discharge and other interactions between the atmosphere and surface, which is represented by the water cycle as we know it. The adaptation of water resources to changing hydrological conditions within basins is crucial. However, the uncertainty of climate change makes it difficult for hydrological models to evaluate future conditions. To suppress the uncertainty that stems from the hydrological model itself, we propose a new modified lumped water balance model in monthly time steps to simulate the rainfallrunoff process more precisely, which will help to evaluate the predicted hydrological and climatological conditions under the uncertainty of climate change. Assessment of the effects of climate change is presented on the catchment above the Vir I reservoir on the Svratka River in the Czech Republic in Central Europe. The uncertainty of climate change is represented by an ensemble of future climatological projections using representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios. Two ensembles were generated: the first using RCP 4.5 and the second using RCP 8.5. Both scenarios were coupled with 18 global climate models which are available in LARS-WG 6 software. Analysis of the generated climatological quantities for both ensembles in the 2030s, 2050s, and 2090s periods on annual average relative to baseline values showed an increase in mean temperature of 21.4% (1.4�C), 33.1% (2.2�C) and 55.5% (3.7�C), an increase of potential evapotranspiration of 7.2%, 11.4% and 20.5%, and an increase in precipitation of 4.8%, 5.3% and 5.5%, respectively. Evaluated long-term mean streamflow showed a decrease in the 2030s, 2050s and 2090 of 1.0%, 3.1% and 2.9%, respectively, for RCP 4.5 and an increase of 1.8% in the 2030s but then also a decrease in the 2050s and 2090s of 2.3% and 17.9%, respectively, for RCP 8.5.
{"title":"IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON HYDROLOGICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL QUANTITIES IN WATERSHED SCALE","authors":"M. Bednar, D. Marton","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.11","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change�s effect on nature, the human population and water resources have become a serious issue. It affects the delicate balance between precipitation, evaporation, discharge and other interactions between the atmosphere and surface, which is represented by the water cycle as we know it. The adaptation of water resources to changing hydrological conditions within basins is crucial. However, the uncertainty of climate change makes it difficult for hydrological models to evaluate future conditions. To suppress the uncertainty that stems from the hydrological model itself, we propose a new modified lumped water balance model in monthly time steps to simulate the rainfallrunoff process more precisely, which will help to evaluate the predicted hydrological and climatological conditions under the uncertainty of climate change. Assessment of the effects of climate change is presented on the catchment above the Vir I reservoir on the Svratka River in the Czech Republic in Central Europe. The uncertainty of climate change is represented by an ensemble of future climatological projections using representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios. Two ensembles were generated: the first using RCP 4.5 and the second using RCP 8.5. Both scenarios were coupled with 18 global climate models which are available in LARS-WG 6 software. Analysis of the generated climatological quantities for both ensembles in the 2030s, 2050s, and 2090s periods on annual average relative to baseline values showed an increase in mean temperature of 21.4% (1.4�C), 33.1% (2.2�C) and 55.5% (3.7�C), an increase of potential evapotranspiration of 7.2%, 11.4% and 20.5%, and an increase in precipitation of 4.8%, 5.3% and 5.5%, respectively. Evaluated long-term mean streamflow showed a decrease in the 2030s, 2050s and 2090 of 1.0%, 3.1% and 2.9%, respectively, for RCP 4.5 and an increase of 1.8% in the 2030s but then also a decrease in the 2050s and 2090s of 2.3% and 17.9%, respectively, for RCP 8.5.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120940419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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