Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.05
Roman Molikevych
Kherson region has the largest share of irrigated land among all regions of Ukraine. At the same time, it is the largest arid region with a significant area of drainageless massifs. All this contributes to the occurrence of flooding of territories. The main task of the research is to identify modern factors of flooding of settlements in the Kherson region (Ukraine). The goals of the study were to analyze the hydrogeological conditions in the places of flooding, to identify modern changes in the rainfall regime and their impact on the frequency and intensity of flooding in the region, to determine the role of fluctuations in the water level in the Kakhovsky Reservoir and subsequent fluctuations in the groundwater level in regions with a high risk of flooding. The impact of irrigation and water losses from main irrigation canals on the intensification of flooding processes is also considered. Comparative, cartographic methods and GIS modeling were used in the research. It was established that the main causes of flooding are intense torrential rains in the summer-autumn period, in combination with a rise in the groundwater level due to excessive irrigation and fluctuations in the water level in the adjacent reservoir. The results of the research can be used to prevent flooding both in these territories and in others with a similar regime of hydrogeological conditions and economic use of territories.
{"title":"CURRENT FLOODING CONDITIONS OF SETTLEMENTS IN THE KHERSON REGION (UKRAINE)","authors":"Roman Molikevych","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.05","url":null,"abstract":"Kherson region has the largest share of irrigated land among all regions of Ukraine. At the same time, it is the largest arid region with a significant area of drainageless massifs. All this contributes to the occurrence of flooding of territories. The main task of the research is to identify modern factors of flooding of settlements in the Kherson region (Ukraine). The goals of the study were to analyze the hydrogeological conditions in the places of flooding, to identify modern changes in the rainfall regime and their impact on the frequency and intensity of flooding in the region, to determine the role of fluctuations in the water level in the Kakhovsky Reservoir and subsequent fluctuations in the groundwater level in regions with a high risk of flooding. The impact of irrigation and water losses from main irrigation canals on the intensification of flooding processes is also considered. Comparative, cartographic methods and GIS modeling were used in the research. It was established that the main causes of flooding are intense torrential rains in the summer-autumn period, in combination with a rise in the groundwater level due to excessive irrigation and fluctuations in the water level in the adjacent reservoir. The results of the research can be used to prevent flooding both in these territories and in others with a similar regime of hydrogeological conditions and economic use of territories.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129676271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.23
A. Ene, M. Jomir, C. Mihai
The safety of navigation and life in the risk areas adjacent to the coastal area, represent the central objective of the paper and meet the provisions of the European directive "in force." In this context, for defining the geometry of the autonomous modular system used as physical system for marking the fairway, mathematical prediction models were developed. The prediction of phenomena and functional characteristics for autonomous modular system was possible by using a specialized software, where the calculation conditions were for sea state maximum 6 Beaufort scale. The configurations were round geometric bodies generated by the rotation of a triangle around the straight line containing the largest side and two rectangular trapezoids joined at the large base and rotated around the side perpendicular to the bases, and the constraints were initiated on the submerged side of each system. The post-processing enabled the visualization of the results: the deformation, the Von Mises stress fields and the distribution of displacement vectors. The state of tension was calculated, resulting in values that fall within the range -5.96e+006 to 5.85e+007 N/m2, below the allowable strength of the material, so the composite material with textile matrix will resist to the distributed force imposed. Descriptions of the study, main problematic and used methods are discussed.
{"title":"STRUCTURAL ANALYSES OF THE COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR AUTONOMOUS MODULAR SYSTEM USED AS LATERAL MARK IN BRACKISH WATER HABITAT","authors":"A. Ene, M. Jomir, C. Mihai","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.23","url":null,"abstract":"The safety of navigation and life in the risk areas adjacent to the coastal area, represent the central objective of the paper and meet the provisions of the European directive \"in force.\" In this context, for defining the geometry of the autonomous modular system used as physical system for marking the fairway, mathematical prediction models were developed. The prediction of phenomena and functional characteristics for autonomous modular system was possible by using a specialized software, where the calculation conditions were for sea state maximum 6 Beaufort scale. The configurations were round geometric bodies generated by the rotation of a triangle around the straight line containing the largest side and two rectangular trapezoids joined at the large base and rotated around the side perpendicular to the bases, and the constraints were initiated on the submerged side of each system. The post-processing enabled the visualization of the results: the deformation, the Von Mises stress fields and the distribution of displacement vectors. The state of tension was calculated, resulting in values that fall within the range -5.96e+006 to 5.85e+007 N/m2, below the allowable strength of the material, so the composite material with textile matrix will resist to the distributed force imposed. \u0000Descriptions of the study, main problematic and used methods are discussed.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131127765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.52
G. Popescu, C. Popescu, A. Horablaga, L. Barliba, A. Smuleac
In a common understanding, tailings dumps are represented as categories of engineering constructions where mined underground rocks are stored together with the useful rock represented by underground coal. And the position of tailings dumps, ordinarily, is on the land around the mining operations. For their location, land is chosen that determines the minimum impact on the environment and requires some of the lowest waste disposal costs. Considering that our world is in a continuous ascension, new techniques and methods are present in many fields of engineering, presenting themselves as a modern approach to the conservation, and the greening of the affected areas. In order for greening to be found in the main purpose of the study, it is necessary to arrange, geometrize, weed, and forest the storage area on the studied surface of 3.68 ha. Thus, for better coordination of the works, for aerial determinations a UAV type equipment, namely a Phantom 4 drone, and for ground determinations of the outline of the tailings dump and reference points, a GPS equipment, model Leica GS08, RTK method was used. Such a combination between satellite and photogrammetric methods; led to the creation of a 3D model as true to reality as possible that will be fundamental in the process of afforestation of the tailings dump.
{"title":"THE USE OF GEOMATICS TECHNOLOGIES FOR RENDERING THE TALINGS DUMP IN TO THE FORESTRY CIRCUIT, URICANI MINE, ROMANIA","authors":"G. Popescu, C. Popescu, A. Horablaga, L. Barliba, A. Smuleac","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.52","url":null,"abstract":"In a common understanding, tailings dumps are represented as categories of engineering constructions where mined underground rocks are stored together with the useful rock represented by underground coal. And the position of tailings dumps, ordinarily, is on the land around the mining operations. For their location, land is chosen that determines the minimum impact on the environment and requires some of the lowest waste disposal costs. Considering that our world is in a continuous ascension, new techniques and methods are present in many fields of engineering, presenting themselves as a modern approach to the conservation, and the greening of the affected areas. In order for greening to be found in the main purpose of the study, it is necessary to arrange, geometrize, weed, and forest the storage area on the studied surface of 3.68 ha. Thus, for better coordination of the works, for aerial determinations a UAV type equipment, namely a Phantom 4 drone, and for ground determinations of the outline of the tailings dump and reference points, a GPS equipment, model Leica GS08, RTK method was used. Such a combination between satellite and photogrammetric methods; led to the creation of a 3D model as true to reality as possible that will be fundamental in the process of afforestation of the tailings dump.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133711604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.40
Andra-Cosmina Albulescu, Daniela Larion
Forests rank at the top of the natural assets of Romania, both because of their rich biodiversity, and their livelihood-sustaining role. In the ex-socialist countries that entered the tumultuous early-democratic era and faced many socio-economic adjustments, the monitoring of this valuable biome becomes critical for its sustainable management. This study aims to examine 20 years (2001-2020) of forest canopy loss in the Moldavian counties in Romania, using the spatial dataset provided by the GLAD laboratory and the Global Forest Watch. A GIS-based analysis was performed in order to compute the forest canopy loss and the percentage of this loss in the total forest cover, specific to five time intervals of equal duration. The results are placed on the timeline of major forestry-related legal framework and forest ownership changes, facilitating a context-integrated interpretation. Forest canopy loss in the study area varies between more than 15,270 ha (2001-2004) to more than 24,000 ha (2005-2008), and different evolution trends can be identified at county scale. In addition, a West-East division of the high and low forest canopy loss values was identified, in correlation with natural and administrative factors. These findings add to our understanding of forest cover dynamics in post-socialist countries, also highlighting the influence of the changes in forest ownership and forestry regulation framework triggered by the political and social transition, and by the alignment to the international environmental governance.
森林因其丰富的生物多样性和维持生计的作用，在罗马尼亚的自然资产中名列前茅。在进入动荡的早期民主时代并面临许多社会经济调整的前社会主义国家，监测这一宝贵的生物群落对其可持续管理至关重要。本研究旨在利用GLAD实验室和全球森林观察提供的空间数据集，研究罗马尼亚摩尔达维亚县20年来(2001-2020年)的森林冠层损失情况。进行了基于地理信息系统的分析，以便计算森林冠层的损失及其在森林覆盖总量中所占的百分比，具体到五个相同持续时间的时间间隔。研究结果被放在与林业有关的主要法律框架和森林所有权变化的时间轴上，便于结合具体情况进行解释。研究区林冠损失在15270 ha (2001-2004) ~ 24000 ha(2005-2008)之间变化，在县域尺度上有不同的演变趋势。此外，在自然和行政因素的影响下，林冠损失值的高低呈西向东分布。这些发现增加了我们对后社会主义国家森林覆盖动态的理解，也突出了由政治和社会转型以及与国际环境治理一致引发的森林所有权和林业监管框架变化的影响。
{"title":"FOREST CANOPY LOSS TRENDS (2001-2020) IN THE MOLDAVIAN COUNTIES OF ROMANIA. A GIS-BASED ANALYSIS","authors":"Andra-Cosmina Albulescu, Daniela Larion","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.40","url":null,"abstract":"Forests rank at the top of the natural assets of Romania, both because of their rich biodiversity, and their livelihood-sustaining role. In the ex-socialist countries that entered the tumultuous early-democratic era and faced many socio-economic adjustments, the monitoring of this valuable biome becomes critical for its sustainable management. This study aims to examine 20 years (2001-2020) of forest canopy loss in the Moldavian counties in Romania, using the spatial dataset provided by the GLAD laboratory and the Global Forest Watch. A GIS-based analysis was performed in order to compute the forest canopy loss and the percentage of this loss in the total forest cover, specific to five time intervals of equal duration. The results are placed on the timeline of major forestry-related legal framework and forest ownership changes, facilitating a context-integrated interpretation. Forest canopy loss in the study area varies between more than 15,270 ha (2001-2004) to more than 24,000 ha (2005-2008), and different evolution trends can be identified at county scale. In addition, a West-East division of the high and low forest canopy loss values was identified, in correlation with natural and administrative factors. These findings add to our understanding of forest cover dynamics in post-socialist countries, also highlighting the influence of the changes in forest ownership and forestry regulation framework triggered by the political and social transition, and by the alignment to the international environmental governance.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124756682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.22
M. Gašparović, A. Dapo, B. Pribicevic
Nowadays, remote sensing techniques play an important role in the rapid acquisition of a large amount of spatial environmental data. The development of sensors in the last decade has led to the development of Earth observation satellite missions, e.g., Sentinel, PlanetScope. Numerous machine learning and deep learning methods are used in nowadays research to classify satellite imagery to enable rapid environmental mapping (e.g., land cover and land use, water bodies). Posidonia oceanica is considered the most important and best-studied seagrass species in the Mediterranean Sea. The objective of this preliminary research is to test the applicability of machine learning image classification methods for rapid seagrass mapping based on Sentinel-2 imagery. The research was conducted in the study area located in the north part of Dugi Otok in the central Adriatic in Croatia. Accuracy assessment of the mapped seagrass emphasises that Cart, Random Forest (RF), and Support vector machine (SVM) overperformed Naive Bayes (NB) method. Further, detailed visual analysis of seagrass map and accuracy assessment shows that RF and Cart give the best results. This research was done as part of the project Climate HIDROLAB (KK.01.1.1.04.0053) � Integrated hydrographic system for sustainable development of the marine ecosystem.
{"title":"SEAGRASS MAPPING USING SENTINEL-2 IMAGERY AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES: A CASE STUDY FROM CROATIA","authors":"M. Gašparović, A. Dapo, B. Pribicevic","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.22","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, remote sensing techniques play an important role in the rapid acquisition of a large amount of spatial environmental data. The development of sensors in the last decade has led to the development of Earth observation satellite missions, e.g., Sentinel, PlanetScope. Numerous machine learning and deep learning methods are used in nowadays research to classify satellite imagery to enable rapid environmental mapping (e.g., land cover and land use, water bodies). Posidonia oceanica is considered the most important and best-studied seagrass species in the Mediterranean Sea. The objective of this preliminary research is to test the applicability of machine learning image classification methods for rapid seagrass mapping based on Sentinel-2 imagery. The research was conducted in the study area located in the north part of Dugi Otok in the central Adriatic in Croatia. Accuracy assessment of the mapped seagrass emphasises that Cart, Random Forest (RF), and Support vector machine (SVM) overperformed Naive Bayes (NB) method. Further, detailed visual analysis of seagrass map and accuracy assessment shows that RF and Cart give the best results. This research was done as part of the project Climate HIDROLAB (KK.01.1.1.04.0053) � Integrated hydrographic system for sustainable development of the marine ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125419272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.26
L. Barliba, C. Bârliba, A. Horablaga, I. Samfira, G. Popescu
The Cri?ul-Alb River springs from the Apuseni mountains, and its course crosses many rural and urban towns. In the Cri?ul Alb hollow, there are several tributaries that have a significant contribution to the volume and water flow of the Cri?ul Alb River. Due to the abundant precipitation combined with the melting of the snow during the spring period, high levels of water flow are created, endangering human settlements and other goods isolated by their flooding. The aim of the paper was to present a topographic study that would be the basis for the subsequent preparation of a complex hydrological study. This is the basis of a project to repair the breach as a result of the rupture of the body of the dam, following the high levels of flowing water. By optimizing the flow at high flows, the color of the flow is created through measures to reduce the roughness, to highlight the active erosions from the banks, in the minor bed or in the major bed of the Cri?ul Alb River. The paper also presents the method of carrying out some topographical measurements in the bed of the Cri?ul Alb River, in the area located north of the town of ?ipari, between the CSA terminals with numbers 5 and 43, and the processing of the respective measurements in order to draw up transversal profiles through the bed and a longitudinal profile on the respective portion.
{"title":"TOPOGRAPHICAL TECHNIQUES APPLIED IN THE CRISUL ALB BASIN AS THE BASIS OF COMPLEX HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES","authors":"L. Barliba, C. Bârliba, A. Horablaga, I. Samfira, G. Popescu","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.26","url":null,"abstract":"The Cri?ul-Alb River springs from the Apuseni mountains, and its course crosses many rural and urban towns. In the Cri?ul Alb hollow, there are several tributaries that have a significant contribution to the volume and water flow of the Cri?ul Alb River. Due to the abundant precipitation combined with the melting of the snow during the spring period, high levels of water flow are created, endangering human settlements and other goods isolated by their flooding. \u0000The aim of the paper was to present a topographic study that would be the basis for the subsequent preparation of a complex hydrological study. This is the basis of a project to repair the breach as a result of the rupture of the body of the dam, following the high levels of flowing water. By optimizing the flow at high flows, the color of the flow is created through measures to reduce the roughness, to highlight the active erosions from the banks, in the minor bed or in the major bed of the Cri?ul Alb River. \u0000The paper also presents the method of carrying out some topographical measurements in the bed of the Cri?ul Alb River, in the area located north of the town of ?ipari, between the CSA terminals with numbers 5 and 43, and the processing of the respective measurements in order to draw up transversal profiles through the bed and a longitudinal profile on the respective portion.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121454185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.33
K. Gajewski, Witold Prusak, Jaroslaw Fafara, Aleksander Skrzypiec, T. Turlej
This article presents the concept of using neural networks in the recognition of fungi for use in a mobile forest ecosystem inspection robot. There are many dependencies regarding the occurrence of fungi in the vicinity of specific tree species. The presence of some fungi may be the result of a developing tree disease. The possibility of quick recognition of the fungus species using an autonomous mobile robot will allow for faster detection and prevention of the disease in entire ecosystems. An attempt was made to use neural networks to improve the efficiency of recognizing a specific species of fungus. This paper presents a comparison between our network and the AlexNet method network (created by Alex Krizhevsky) [1] for fungal recognition. This system was designed so that created by our students' science club NewTech AGH mobile inspection robot "RUMCAJS" could map the fungal population over time. Based on the comparison of the neural networks used, the possibility of correct use of the proposed solution for the detection of fungi was shown, as well as a more effective method in this application was indicated. The proposed method can be successfully implemented for the inspection of ecosystems using autonomous robots.
{"title":"ARTIFICIALLY AIDED FUNGI RECOGNITION USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS","authors":"K. Gajewski, Witold Prusak, Jaroslaw Fafara, Aleksander Skrzypiec, T. Turlej","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.33","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the concept of using neural networks in the recognition of fungi for use in a mobile forest ecosystem inspection robot. There are many dependencies regarding the occurrence of fungi in the vicinity of specific tree species. The presence of some fungi may be the result of a developing tree disease. The possibility of quick recognition of the fungus species using an autonomous mobile robot will allow for faster detection and prevention of the disease in entire ecosystems. An attempt was made to use neural networks to improve the efficiency of recognizing a specific species of fungus. This paper presents a comparison between our network and the AlexNet method network (created by Alex Krizhevsky) [1] for fungal recognition. This system was designed so that created by our students' science club NewTech AGH mobile inspection robot \"RUMCAJS\" could map the fungal population over time. Based on the comparison of the neural networks used, the possibility of correct use of the proposed solution for the detection of fungi was shown, as well as a more effective method in this application was indicated. The proposed method can be successfully implemented for the inspection of ecosystems using autonomous robots.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114341049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.50
Antonio Rodriguez Lizana, M. Pereira, Alzira Ramos, Manuel Moreno Garcia, M. Ribeiro
Olive pruning mulch modifies the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. They are an efficient soil and water conservation system, while simultaneously improving the organic matter content of the soil. In any case, their effect on soil properties is a function of the densities provided. In any agricultural field, there can be significant variations in plant size, which can affect the amount of pruning obtained. In this research, a spatial sampling of pruning amount collected in olive trees (n=59) in a 13.1-ha traditional olive grove located in Cordoba (Spain), was conducted to estimate the mean pruning amount and assess its spatial uncertainty. In addition, the projected areas of all trees in the field (n=928) were determined. Tree projected area was found to be well correlated with the amount of pruning (Pearson correlation coefficient value of 0.74). The spatial continuity of the study variables was determined using isotropic variograms with nested spherical models. Direct sequential simulation and cosimulation algorithms were used to generate 125 realizations of each variable and map the spatial uncertainty of the amount of pruning in unsampled areas. The results indicate that pruning amounts exhibit spatial continuity. The projected area of the trees is a useful variable to improve estimates of total amount of pruning.
{"title":"STUDY OF THE UNCERTAINTY OF THE AMOUNT OF PRUNING IN THE OLIVE GROVE USING GEOSTATISTICAL ALGORITHMS","authors":"Antonio Rodriguez Lizana, M. Pereira, Alzira Ramos, Manuel Moreno Garcia, M. Ribeiro","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.50","url":null,"abstract":"Olive pruning mulch modifies the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. They are an efficient soil and water conservation system, while simultaneously improving the organic matter content of the soil. In any case, their effect on soil properties is a function of the densities provided. \u0000In any agricultural field, there can be significant variations in plant size, which can affect the amount of pruning obtained. In this research, a spatial sampling of pruning amount collected in olive trees (n=59) in a 13.1-ha traditional olive grove located in Cordoba (Spain), was conducted to estimate the mean pruning amount and assess its spatial uncertainty. \u0000In addition, the projected areas of all trees in the field (n=928) were determined. Tree projected area was found to be well correlated with the amount of pruning (Pearson correlation coefficient value of 0.74). \u0000The spatial continuity of the study variables was determined using isotropic variograms with nested spherical models. Direct sequential simulation and cosimulation algorithms were used to generate 125 realizations of each variable and map the spatial uncertainty of the amount of pruning in unsampled areas. The results indicate that pruning amounts exhibit spatial continuity. The projected area of the trees is a useful variable to improve estimates of total amount of pruning.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129626784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.27
A. Smuleac, L. Șmuleac, Raul Pascalau, G. Popescu, A. Horablaga
Using aerial vehicles without pilot (UAV-unmanned aerial vehicle) or Drone has seen a rapid development, over the last decade, in order to obtain spatial information of the Earth's surface. This scientific paper was realized for the Hydrotechnical Node of Costei, from Timis County and has as purpose the processing of aerial images, obtained from a Phantom4 Pro device, which is capable to capture video at 4K resolution at 30 frames per second and Full HD 1080p at 120 frames per second for a slow motion with a Sony EXMOR camera that can take photos at 12 megapixels, with a maximum flight speed of 20m/s. The device is equipped with positioning equipment, which connects to both GPS and GLONASS, allowing it to connect faster to satellites and position itself with high accuracy in the air. Phantom 4 automatically records the details of each flight made, so you can check your previous flights. In order to achieve the 3D model, were used oblique and vertical images with the highest accuracy. Nadir imaging was performed at an average height above ground (AGL�Above Ground Level) of approx. 140m. The imaging data was processed with the AgiSoft PhotoScan program using a number of 112 aerial images. For image processing, the software proposes for each processing stage, different parameters that determine the precision and time of the final processing of the Costei Hydrotechnical Node.
{"title":"USING GROUND CONTROL POINTS (GCP) AND UAV POIND CLOUD PROCESSIN� IN WATER MANAGEMENT","authors":"A. Smuleac, L. Șmuleac, Raul Pascalau, G. Popescu, A. Horablaga","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.27","url":null,"abstract":"Using aerial vehicles without pilot (UAV-unmanned aerial vehicle) or Drone has seen a rapid development, over the last decade, in order to obtain spatial information of the Earth's surface. This scientific paper was realized for the Hydrotechnical Node of Costei, from Timis County and has as purpose the processing of aerial images, obtained from a Phantom4 Pro device, which is capable to capture video at 4K resolution at 30 frames per second and Full HD 1080p at 120 frames per second for a slow motion with a Sony EXMOR camera that can take photos at 12 megapixels, with a maximum flight speed of 20m/s. The device is equipped with positioning equipment, which connects to both GPS and GLONASS, allowing it to connect faster to satellites and position itself with high accuracy in the air. Phantom 4 automatically records the details of each flight made, so you can check your previous flights. In order to achieve the 3D model, were used oblique and vertical images with the highest accuracy. Nadir imaging was performed at an average height above ground (AGL�Above Ground Level) of approx. 140m. The imaging data was processed with the AgiSoft PhotoScan program using a number of 112 aerial images. For image processing, the software proposes for each processing stage, different parameters that determine the precision and time of the final processing of the Costei Hydrotechnical Node.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127738147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.47
O. Miezite, B. Jansone, Dace Brizga, L. Sisenis
One of the long-term goals of the certification systems (FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) and PEFC (Program for the Endorsement of Forest Certification)) of sustainably managed forests that provide both social, environmental, and economic benefits is to completely phase out the use of chemical pesticides to protect planting material. It is in the interest of both nurseries and forest owners to find successful alternative, environmentally friendly solutions to safeguard pine saplings against Curculionidae. The studied two-year-old pine stands are located in the Hylocomiosa forest type with a total area of 4.27 ha. In 2016 clear-cutting was carried out, and in the spring of 2018, containerized seedlings were planted in areas with partial soil scarification in three repetitions in each area. Six plots with three variants in each of the repetitions were prepared. The work aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of P.sylvestris protection against damage Curculionidae while comparing untreated (control) lots with the ones treated with the systemic insecticide Actara or wax based on the number of damages and growth of seedlings. The intensity of tree damage and the incidence of damage over two years, depending on the type of seedling treatment, was assessed, and the average tree heights were measured and compared. With an increase in the incidence of weevil damage, the intensity of damage is also observed. At the same time, a significant (p>0.05) difference in lesions between the types of treatment of seedlings has not been established. Within two years, the death of trees due to weevil damage is insignificant - 2 % of all seedlings treated with the systemic insecticide Actara, 5 % of seedlings treated with wax Kvaae, and 6 % of untreated seedlings or control. The treatment of seedlings significantly affected their growth in the first and second years after planting (p less than 0.05). The use of wax Kvaae resulted in higher costs and similar protection effectiveness as the use of chemical means.
{"title":"PROTECTION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. STANDS FROM CURCULIONIDAE DAMAGE","authors":"O. Miezite, B. Jansone, Dace Brizga, L. Sisenis","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.47","url":null,"abstract":"One of the long-term goals of the certification systems (FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) and PEFC (Program for the Endorsement of Forest Certification)) of sustainably managed forests that provide both social, environmental, and economic benefits is to completely phase out the use of chemical pesticides to protect planting material. It is in the interest of both nurseries and forest owners to find successful alternative, environmentally friendly solutions to safeguard pine saplings against Curculionidae. The studied two-year-old pine stands are located in the Hylocomiosa forest type with a total area of 4.27 ha. In 2016 clear-cutting was carried out, and in the spring of 2018, containerized seedlings were planted in areas with partial soil scarification in three repetitions in each area. Six plots with three variants in each of the repetitions were prepared. The work aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of P.sylvestris protection against damage Curculionidae while comparing untreated (control) lots with the ones treated with the systemic insecticide Actara or wax based on the number of damages and growth of seedlings. The intensity of tree damage and the incidence of damage over two years, depending on the type of seedling treatment, was assessed, and the average tree heights were measured and compared. With an increase in the incidence of weevil damage, the intensity of damage is also observed. At the same time, a significant (p>0.05) difference in lesions between the types of treatment of seedlings has not been established. Within two years, the death of trees due to weevil damage is insignificant - 2 % of all seedlings treated with the systemic insecticide Actara, 5 % of seedlings treated with wax Kvaae, and 6 % of untreated seedlings or control. The treatment of seedlings significantly affected their growth in the first and second years after planting (p less than 0.05). The use of wax Kvaae resulted in higher costs and similar protection effectiveness as the use of chemical means.","PeriodicalId":331146,"journal":{"name":"SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127903605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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