Background: The anabolic effect of physical exercise on osseous tissue is related to mechanical effort, leading to the osteogenic response by causing dynamic changes, which stimulate osteocytes through fluid shifts in their canalicular network. They produce signaling molecules that regulate bone formation and absorption by osteoblast and osteoclasts. Objective: To study the effect of 8-week exercise training programs on the histomorphometry of male rat femur bone including weight, length, thickness and the bone formation biomarker (osteocalcin). Methods: The study was done in the labs of College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, from September 2019 to February 2020. A thirty adult healthy male rat (albino rat), were selected and divided into three groups; the group (A) of rats with exercise training programs of treadmill running, for 8 weeks. The control group, (B) were kept under free movements without exercise. The group (C) was kept under restricted movements in small cages. Tail blood sample were obtained twice from all animals; at zero day and after 8 weeks, for measurement of osteocalcin. Then after 8 weeks all animals were sacrificed and dissected for extraction of femoral bone for measuring bone length, weight, thickness and bone ultrastructure under light microscope by staining with hematoxylin and eosin. Results: The osteocalcin, femoral bone weight, length, thickness, haversian thickness and lamellar thickness showed significant increase in value of group A in comparison to group B and group C which show a significant decrease in femoral bone thickness, haversian thickness, lamellar thickness, and osteocalcin level. Conclusion: Exercise training has an anabolic effect on bone, in contrast to restriction movement that cause catabolic effect on bone. Osteocalcin increases with exercise and could be used as a marker in monitoring the exercise program therapy. Keywords: Femoral bone weight, length, thickness, haversian thickness, lamellar thickness, osteocalcin Citation: Musleh AM, Hashim ZH, Jaafar HA. Effect of 8-week exercise program on bone biomarker osteocalcin and bone histomorphometry features in male rats. Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 145-154. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.9.
{"title":"Effect of 8-Week Exercise Program on Bone Biomarker Osteocalcin and Bone Histomorphometry Features in Male Rats","authors":"A. Musleh, Z. Hashim, Haider Jaafar","doi":"10.22578/ijms.18.2.9.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22578/ijms.18.2.9.","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The anabolic effect of physical exercise on osseous tissue is related to mechanical effort, leading to the osteogenic response by causing dynamic changes, which stimulate osteocytes through fluid shifts in their canalicular network. They produce signaling molecules that regulate bone formation and absorption by osteoblast and osteoclasts. Objective: To study the effect of 8-week exercise training programs on the histomorphometry of male rat femur bone including weight, length, thickness and the bone formation biomarker (osteocalcin). Methods: The study was done in the labs of College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, from September 2019 to February 2020. A thirty adult healthy male rat (albino rat), were selected and divided into three groups; the group (A) of rats with exercise training programs of treadmill running, for 8 weeks. The control group, (B) were kept under free movements without exercise. The group (C) was kept under restricted movements in small cages. Tail blood sample were obtained twice from all animals; at zero day and after 8 weeks, for measurement of osteocalcin. Then after 8 weeks all animals were sacrificed and dissected for extraction of femoral bone for measuring bone length, weight, thickness and bone ultrastructure under light microscope by staining with hematoxylin and eosin. Results: The osteocalcin, femoral bone weight, length, thickness, haversian thickness and lamellar thickness showed significant increase in value of group A in comparison to group B and group C which show a significant decrease in femoral bone thickness, haversian thickness, lamellar thickness, and osteocalcin level. Conclusion: Exercise training has an anabolic effect on bone, in contrast to restriction movement that cause catabolic effect on bone. Osteocalcin increases with exercise and could be used as a marker in monitoring the exercise program therapy. Keywords: Femoral bone weight, length, thickness, haversian thickness, lamellar thickness, osteocalcin Citation: Musleh AM, Hashim ZH, Jaafar HA. Effect of 8-week exercise program on bone biomarker osteocalcin and bone histomorphometry features in male rats. Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 145-154. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.9.","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49621375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ackground: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic refractory inflammatory disease affecting the colon. Several drugs have been developed for it, nevertheless, there are limitations in the therapy due to the inadequate responses and significant undesirable effects. Therefore, novel safer drugs with more therapeutic efficacy are needed. Objective: To investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effects and histological outcome of artemisinin in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Methods: Rats with colitis were received either artemisinin 100 mg/kg or sulfasalazine 100 mg/kg orally for 7 days. Macroscopical and microscopical assessment, the measurement of the colonic cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-4 (IL-4)), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and E-Selectin. Results: Both macroscopical lesion area and histological colonic damage induced by acetic acid were significantly reduced by artemisinin and sulfasalazine accompanied by attenuation of the elevated colonic TNF-α, IL-4, MPO activity and E-Selectin. Conclusion: Artemisinin had an effective role in experimental colitis in rats through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. Keywords: Acetic acid, artemisinin, oxidative stress, E-Selectin, ulcerative colitis, IL-4 Citation: Abdullah HR, Abd AH, Qasim BJ. Artemisinin attenuates inflammation in rats with ulcerative colitis through inhibition of inflammatory biomarkers, oxidative stress and adhesion molecules. Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 155-163. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.10
{"title":"Artemisinin Attenuates Inflammation in Rats with Ulcerative Colitis Through Inhibition of Inflammatory Biomarkers, Oxidative Stress and Adhesion Molecules","authors":"Hanaa N. Abdullah, Abdulkareem H. Abd, B. Qasim","doi":"10.22578/ijms.18.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22578/ijms.18.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"ackground: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic refractory inflammatory disease affecting the colon. Several drugs have been developed for it, nevertheless, there are limitations in the therapy due to the inadequate responses and significant undesirable effects. Therefore, novel safer drugs with more therapeutic efficacy are needed. Objective: To investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effects and histological outcome of artemisinin in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Methods: Rats with colitis were received either artemisinin 100 mg/kg or sulfasalazine 100 mg/kg orally for 7 days. Macroscopical and microscopical assessment, the measurement of the colonic cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-4 (IL-4)), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and E-Selectin. Results: Both macroscopical lesion area and histological colonic damage induced by acetic acid were significantly reduced by artemisinin and sulfasalazine accompanied by attenuation of the elevated colonic TNF-α, IL-4, MPO activity and E-Selectin. Conclusion: Artemisinin had an effective role in experimental colitis in rats through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. Keywords: Acetic acid, artemisinin, oxidative stress, E-Selectin, ulcerative colitis, IL-4 Citation: Abdullah HR, Abd AH, Qasim BJ. Artemisinin attenuates inflammation in rats with ulcerative colitis through inhibition of inflammatory biomarkers, oxidative stress and adhesion molecules. Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 155-163. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.10","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43347547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Febrile seizures are prevalent in children aged between 6 months and 5 years with an incidence of 2-5%. Iron deficiency is the most common hematologic disease of infancy and childhood with a period of incidence that coincides with the time of febrile seizures. Although the most common manifestation of iron deficiency is anemia, it is frequently the source of a neurologic disorders in pediatrics, including developmental delay, seizure, stroke, breath-holding episodes, pseudo tumor cerebri, and cranial nerve palsies. Objective: To investigate the association between iron deficiency and febrile seizures. Methods: Two groups (80 for each) of 6 months to 5 years old febrile children were subjected to the study between 1st of Oct. 2017 to 1st of Oct. 2018. The first group, cases, included children with febrile seizures admitted to the Pediatric Ward in Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimein Medical City, whereas the control group, included febrile children, visited the hospital during the same period for febrile illness. History was taken, physical examination was done. Blood count indices, serum iron, total iron binding capacity and serum ferritin were estimated. Lumber puncture was done in some of the patients. Statistical Analysis was done using t-test and Chi-square test (x2), P-value was considered significant if less than 0.05. Percentages and Odds ratio were estimated. A prevalence of 20-25% among cases is considered clinically relevant. Results: Both groups were comparable for age and gender (17.5±8.81) and (17.6±8.54) months, male: female ratio was (1.75:1 and 1.2:1). Family history of febrile seizure were seen in 25% and 13.75% respectively. Simple febrile seizure was found in (72.5%). The blood indices were lower in patients than the control group and statistically have significant difference in hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, serum iron and serum ferritin level with a P-value less than 0.05. A total of 36 (45%) of the cases had iron deficiency, compared to 12 (15 %) of control respectively with P-value less than 0.05. Conclusion: Iron deficiency was more frequent among children with febrile seizure than those with febrile illness alone. The results suggest that iron deficiency may be a risk factor for febrile seizure. Keywords: Febrile seizure, infants, children, iron deficiency anemia Citation: Shaheed AH, Abbas SA. The association between iron deficiency and febrile seizures in children below 5 years. Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 110-116. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.4
{"title":"The Association Between Iron Deficiency and Febrile Seizures in Children Below 5 Years","authors":"A. Shaheed, S. Abbas","doi":"10.22578/ijms.18.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22578/ijms.18.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Febrile seizures are prevalent in children aged between 6 months and 5 years with an incidence of 2-5%. Iron deficiency is the most common hematologic disease of infancy and childhood with a period of incidence that coincides with the time of febrile seizures. Although the most common manifestation of iron deficiency is anemia, it is frequently the source of a neurologic disorders in pediatrics, including developmental delay, seizure, stroke, breath-holding episodes, pseudo tumor cerebri, and cranial nerve palsies. Objective: To investigate the association between iron deficiency and febrile seizures. Methods: Two groups (80 for each) of 6 months to 5 years old febrile children were subjected to the study between 1st of Oct. 2017 to 1st of Oct. 2018. The first group, cases, included children with febrile seizures admitted to the Pediatric Ward in Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimein Medical City, whereas the control group, included febrile children, visited the hospital during the same period for febrile illness. History was taken, physical examination was done. Blood count indices, serum iron, total iron binding capacity and serum ferritin were estimated. Lumber puncture was done in some of the patients. Statistical Analysis was done using t-test and Chi-square test (x2), P-value was considered significant if less than 0.05. Percentages and Odds ratio were estimated. A prevalence of 20-25% among cases is considered clinically relevant. Results: Both groups were comparable for age and gender (17.5±8.81) and (17.6±8.54) months, male: female ratio was (1.75:1 and 1.2:1). Family history of febrile seizure were seen in 25% and 13.75% respectively. Simple febrile seizure was found in (72.5%). The blood indices were lower in patients than the control group and statistically have significant difference in hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, serum iron and serum ferritin level with a P-value less than 0.05. A total of 36 (45%) of the cases had iron deficiency, compared to 12 (15 %) of control respectively with P-value less than 0.05. Conclusion: Iron deficiency was more frequent among children with febrile seizure than those with febrile illness alone. The results suggest that iron deficiency may be a risk factor for febrile seizure. Keywords: Febrile seizure, infants, children, iron deficiency anemia Citation: Shaheed AH, Abbas SA. The association between iron deficiency and febrile seizures in children below 5 years. Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 110-116. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.4","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42308502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Taher, Mustafa R. Hussein, Asmaa B. Al-obaidi, H. Kadhim
Background: The use of immunosuppressive medications remains the most important challenge in renal transplantation because of the activation of many infections mainly viruses. The study was designed to evaluate the frequency of Torque teno virus (TTV) viremia among renal transplant recipients (RTR). Objective: To detect TTV in a sample of Iraqi RTR, and its association with renal functions. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 80 serum samples collected from RTR and subjected for TTV detection by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Qualitative RT-PCR run gave positive results for TTV in 45 out of 80 (56.25%) RTR, the results showed non-significant association between TTV and allograft rejection (p=0.26). Conclusion: TTV seems not associated with post transplantation renal impairment and/or kidney rejection. Keywords: Torque teno virus, renal transplantation, RTR Citation: Taher NM, Hussein MR, Al-Obaidi AB, Kadhim HS. The possible role of Torque teno virus in kidney allograft recipients in a sample of Iraqi patients. Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 130-137. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.7
{"title":"The Possible Role of Torque teno Virus in Kidney Allograft Recipients in a Sample of Iraqi Patients","authors":"N. Taher, Mustafa R. Hussein, Asmaa B. Al-obaidi, H. Kadhim","doi":"10.22578/ijms.18.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22578/ijms.18.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of immunosuppressive medications remains the most important challenge in renal transplantation because of the activation of many infections mainly viruses. The study was designed to evaluate the frequency of Torque teno virus (TTV) viremia among renal transplant recipients (RTR). Objective: To detect TTV in a sample of Iraqi RTR, and its association with renal functions. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 80 serum samples collected from RTR and subjected for TTV detection by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Qualitative RT-PCR run gave positive results for TTV in 45 out of 80 (56.25%) RTR, the results showed non-significant association between TTV and allograft rejection (p=0.26). Conclusion: TTV seems not associated with post transplantation renal impairment and/or kidney rejection. Keywords: Torque teno virus, renal transplantation, RTR Citation: Taher NM, Hussein MR, Al-Obaidi AB, Kadhim HS. The possible role of Torque teno virus in kidney allograft recipients in a sample of Iraqi patients. Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 130-137. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.7","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48751794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-03DOI: 10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10045-00134
Ashima Sharma, CA Aravind Ranjan, Lubna Tarannum
Pediatric brain is anatomically different from adult brain, and so are the pathophysiology and management of the pediatric head injuries. The physiologically immature brain of a child is more prone to cerebral edema and diffuses axonal injuries. The common delayed complications are formation of leptomeningeal cysts and postconcussion syndrome.1 It is very rare to have posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) as a complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children. Therefore, it was a diagnostic dilemma for us when bilateral occipital, frontal, and parietal hyperintensities on T2-weighted MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) images complicated the recovery of a child after TBI. We shall discuss the salient aspects of management and the role of MRI in pediatric TBI. The cause of PRES and differential diagnosis will also be explored. Key messages: Diagnosis of PRES in children with no known comorbidity requires a high degree of suspicion for early recognition with the use of MRI brain.
{"title":"Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: An Uncommon Complication of Pediatric Head Injury","authors":"Ashima Sharma, CA Aravind Ranjan, Lubna Tarannum","doi":"10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10045-00134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10045-00134","url":null,"abstract":"Pediatric brain is anatomically different from adult brain, and so are the pathophysiology and management of the pediatric head injuries. The physiologically immature brain of a child is more prone to cerebral edema and diffuses axonal injuries. The common delayed complications are formation of leptomeningeal cysts and postconcussion syndrome.1 It is very rare to have posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) as a complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children. Therefore, it was a diagnostic dilemma for us when bilateral occipital, frontal, and parietal hyperintensities on T2-weighted MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) images complicated the recovery of a child after TBI. We shall discuss the salient aspects of management and the role of MRI in pediatric TBI. The cause of PRES and differential diagnosis will also be explored. Key messages: Diagnosis of PRES in children with no known comorbidity requires a high degree of suspicion for early recognition with the use of MRI brain.","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87369819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-03DOI: 10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10045-00135
Ashok Kumar V, N. Ghosh, Nishant K. Malviya
In patients with very low rectal tumors, intersphincteric resection (ISR) helps to preserve anal function. We hereby report our experience of evaluation and successful management in a rare case of rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), wherein we managed a case of rectal GIST with imatinib neoadjuvant followed by surgery and adjuvant therapy.
{"title":"Neoadjuvant Imatinib Therapy Followed by Surgery in a Rare Case of Rectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor","authors":"Ashok Kumar V, N. Ghosh, Nishant K. Malviya","doi":"10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10045-00135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10045-00135","url":null,"abstract":"In patients with very low rectal tumors, intersphincteric resection (ISR) helps to preserve anal function. We hereby report our experience of evaluation and successful management in a rare case of rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), wherein we managed a case of rectal GIST with imatinib neoadjuvant followed by surgery and adjuvant therapy.","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74327515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-03DOI: 10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10045-00133
Rajashree D Godbole, Joyshankar J Jana, Prithviraj Gauri, Amol B Mhetre
{"title":"Cochlear Implantation Surgery in Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome Patients: Our Experience","authors":"Rajashree D Godbole, Joyshankar J Jana, Prithviraj Gauri, Amol B Mhetre","doi":"10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10045-00133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10045-00133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85579995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-03DOI: 10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10045-00132
Priyanka Patil, Rajashree D Godbole, Brishnik Bhattacharya, Tehzeebunnisa Saleem, S. Patil, Rajeshkumar Resoju
Ab s t r Ac t Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine and propofol for hypotensive anesthesia in ENT surgeries in Indian phenotype. Materials and methods: A prospective, randomized, comparative study. The study population of 72 patients of Indian phenotype were randomly taken from random number table and divided into two groups with 36 patients in each group. Group D = dexmedetomidine (dexmedetomidine loading dose of 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine diluted in 10 mL 0.9% saline infused over 10 minutes before induction of anesthesia, followed by infusion of 0.2–0.7 μg/kg/hour). Group P = propofol group (maintenance dose 100–150 μg/kg/hour). The infusions were titrated to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) between 55 and 65 mm Hg and hemodynamic stability. Results: In our study, we did not have hypotension or bradycardia that needed treatment. The heart rate and blood pressure were on the lower side in group D compared to group P. The awakening time was significantly short in group D than group P. The average doses of dexmedetomidine around 0.2 ± 0.04 μg/kg/hour and propofol around 140 ± 41 μg/kg/hour which are at the lowest end of the recommended doses of 0.2–0.7 μg/ kg/hour and 100–300 μg/kg/hour for hypotensive anesthesia. These low doses may be the cause of no complications in the Indian population. Conclusion: In our comparative study done in Indian population, we observed that both dexmedetomidine and propofol have achieved desired hypotension in patients undergoing ENT surgeries to improve the operative field visibility by reducing the blood loss. Although achieved reduction in MAP was statistically nonsignificant, MAP was lower in dexmedetomidine than propofol. A significantly higher Ramsay sedation score in propofol group is suggestive of greater degree of sedation than dexmedetomidine, making it a better choice for hypotensive anesthesia.
{"title":"A Comparative Study between Propofol and Dexmedetomidine for Hypotensive Anesthesia in ENT Surgeries in Indian Phenotype","authors":"Priyanka Patil, Rajashree D Godbole, Brishnik Bhattacharya, Tehzeebunnisa Saleem, S. Patil, Rajeshkumar Resoju","doi":"10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10045-00132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10045-00132","url":null,"abstract":"Ab s t r Ac t Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine and propofol for hypotensive anesthesia in ENT surgeries in Indian phenotype. Materials and methods: A prospective, randomized, comparative study. The study population of 72 patients of Indian phenotype were randomly taken from random number table and divided into two groups with 36 patients in each group. Group D = dexmedetomidine (dexmedetomidine loading dose of 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine diluted in 10 mL 0.9% saline infused over 10 minutes before induction of anesthesia, followed by infusion of 0.2–0.7 μg/kg/hour). Group P = propofol group (maintenance dose 100–150 μg/kg/hour). The infusions were titrated to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) between 55 and 65 mm Hg and hemodynamic stability. Results: In our study, we did not have hypotension or bradycardia that needed treatment. The heart rate and blood pressure were on the lower side in group D compared to group P. The awakening time was significantly short in group D than group P. The average doses of dexmedetomidine around 0.2 ± 0.04 μg/kg/hour and propofol around 140 ± 41 μg/kg/hour which are at the lowest end of the recommended doses of 0.2–0.7 μg/ kg/hour and 100–300 μg/kg/hour for hypotensive anesthesia. These low doses may be the cause of no complications in the Indian population. Conclusion: In our comparative study done in Indian population, we observed that both dexmedetomidine and propofol have achieved desired hypotension in patients undergoing ENT surgeries to improve the operative field visibility by reducing the blood loss. Although achieved reduction in MAP was statistically nonsignificant, MAP was lower in dexmedetomidine than propofol. A significantly higher Ramsay sedation score in propofol group is suggestive of greater degree of sedation than dexmedetomidine, making it a better choice for hypotensive anesthesia.","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74731316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-03DOI: 10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10045-00138
Subhashree Ray, Swarupa Panda, S. Nayak, Sudeshna Behera, S. S. Bhanja, Viyatprajna Acharya
Genomic integrity is required to maintain long life and prevent diseases associated with genomic instability such as “cancer.” The cell cycle is a compilation of well-organized, sequential molecular events, that lead to succession of DNA replication and segregation of replicated chromosomes. Cell cycle checkpoints are the strict regulatory mechanisms that monitor the order, integrity, and fidelity of the main events of the cell cycle. These include growth up to the acceptable cell size, replication, and integrity of the chromosomes, and their accurate segregation in due course of mitosis. Many of these mechanisms are highly conserved, while other studies on higher organisms have shown to control alternative cell fates with a significant impact on tumor suppression. Here, we take into consideration these different checkpoint pathways in a cell cycle and the consequences of their dysfunction on the fate of a cell.
{"title":"A Review on Cell Cycle Checkpoints in Relation to Cancer","authors":"Subhashree Ray, Swarupa Panda, S. Nayak, Sudeshna Behera, S. S. Bhanja, Viyatprajna Acharya","doi":"10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10045-00138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10045-00138","url":null,"abstract":"Genomic integrity is required to maintain long life and prevent diseases associated with genomic instability such as “cancer.” The cell cycle is a compilation of well-organized, sequential molecular events, that lead to succession of DNA replication and segregation of replicated chromosomes. Cell cycle checkpoints are the strict regulatory mechanisms that monitor the order, integrity, and fidelity of the main events of the cell cycle. These include growth up to the acceptable cell size, replication, and integrity of the chromosomes, and their accurate segregation in due course of mitosis. Many of these mechanisms are highly conserved, while other studies on higher organisms have shown to control alternative cell fates with a significant impact on tumor suppression. Here, we take into consideration these different checkpoint pathways in a cell cycle and the consequences of their dysfunction on the fate of a cell.","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"19 73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74226912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-03DOI: 10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10045-00136
N. P. Nagothi, Mehendi K Javali
Ab s t r Ac t Background: Uterine fibroids are histologically benign tumors that originate from smooth muscle cells and usually seen in the genitourinary tract such as in the vulva, ovaries, urethra, and urinary bladder but may arise in nearly any anatomic site. Leiomyomas that become adherent to surrounding structures (e.g., the broad ligament, omentum, or retroperitoneal connective tissue) develop an auxiliary blood supply and lose their original attachment to the uterus, thus becoming “parasitic.” These lesions may manifest as extrauterine pelvic masses that compress the urethra, bladder neck, or ureter and may produce symptoms of varying degrees of urinary outflow obstruction or secondary hydroureteronephrosis. We herewith report the relationship of power morcellation and the development of parasitic fibroids in two patients after laparoscopic hysterectomy. Case description: Case 1: A 30-year-old patient presented to the hospital with an abdominal mass that was progressively increasing over a 2-year period. The histology of the mass showed interlacing bundles of benign smooth muscle fibers consistent with a leiomyoma. Surgical excision of the mass was done. Case 2: A patient of 41 years nulligravida presented to the hospital with complaints of pain in the abdomen, continuous dull aching type of pain that relieved on medication for 2 months, and a palpable mass per abdomen since 1 month. Ultrasound findings showed a large mass in pelvis posterior to uterus, likely indicating parametrial fibroid or ovarian fibroid. Total laparoscopic hysterectomy with open myomectomy treatment was done for the patient. Conclusion: Parasitic leiomyomas are caused following laparoscopic myomectomy or hysterectomy. Given the potential sequelae of retained fragments, careful attention to remove all residual specimens is warranted, and morcellation should be done in a containment bag.
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