Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-56-62
Yu. G. Skvortsova, N. V. Kalinina, T. I. Firsova, G. A. Filenko
The current paper has presented the study results for the period of 2020–2022 to determine the effect of injury on the quality indicators of seed material in primary seed production of winter wheat varieties (‘Stanichnaya’, ‘Etyud’, Asket, ‘Lidiya’ and ‘Ambar’) during harvesting and post-harvest processing of seeds. There has been established that at different stages of technology in agricultural machines and grain cleaning equipment, during grain production, there was damage to the seed material. There have been identified certain types of injuries that most significantly worsen the sowing quality of seeds and reduce winter wheat productivity. The purpose of the study was to estimate the sowing seed qualities of winter bread wheat varieties of different maturity groups developed by the FSBSI «ARC «Donskoy» depending on their injury by the combine harvester and grain cleaning machines in the primary stages of seed production. The estimation of the quality of winter wheat seed material was carried out on the material obtained during winter wheat harvesting, such as manual threshing (control), threshing with the combine ‘Wintersteiger Classic’, after seed cleaning and sorting equipment VIM-1 «Selection» and Petkus K-531 «Gigant». When harvesting with the combine ‘Wintersteiger Classic’, two threshing modes were used: 1) recommended – 1500 rpm-1; 2) with a reduced speed of the threshing drum – 1000 rpm-1. There has been found that the highest level of seed injury was observed when threshing with a grain harvester (33–54 %). There has been determined that, depending on the type of the trial, the germination energy indicators varied from 89 to 98 %, and laboratory germination from 94 to 99 %. Caryopsis with damage in the embryo area had a high germination rate in laboratory conditions. With an increase in microtraumas, field germination has decreased by 4–17 % compared to the control. The maximum injury and reduction in field germination of seeds was observed in the varieties of the early maturing group. Post-harvest processing of seeds has led to an increase in the percentage of their injury by 1–6 %, regardless of the type of equipment used.
{"title":"The effect of injury on the sowing seed qualities of winter bread wheat varieties during harvesting and post-harvest processing","authors":"Yu. G. Skvortsova, N. V. Kalinina, T. I. Firsova, G. A. Filenko","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-56-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-56-62","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper has presented the study results for the period of 2020–2022 to determine the effect of injury on the quality indicators of seed material in primary seed production of winter wheat varieties (‘Stanichnaya’, ‘Etyud’, Asket, ‘Lidiya’ and ‘Ambar’) during harvesting and post-harvest processing of seeds. There has been established that at different stages of technology in agricultural machines and grain cleaning equipment, during grain production, there was damage to the seed material. There have been identified certain types of injuries that most significantly worsen the sowing quality of seeds and reduce winter wheat productivity. The purpose of the study was to estimate the sowing seed qualities of winter bread wheat varieties of different maturity groups developed by the FSBSI «ARC «Donskoy» depending on their injury by the combine harvester and grain cleaning machines in the primary stages of seed production. The estimation of the quality of winter wheat seed material was carried out on the material obtained during winter wheat harvesting, such as manual threshing (control), threshing with the combine ‘Wintersteiger Classic’, after seed cleaning and sorting equipment VIM-1 «Selection» and Petkus K-531 «Gigant». When harvesting with the combine ‘Wintersteiger Classic’, two threshing modes were used: 1) recommended – 1500 rpm-1; 2) with a reduced speed of the threshing drum – 1000 rpm-1. There has been found that the highest level of seed injury was observed when threshing with a grain harvester (33–54 %). There has been determined that, depending on the type of the trial, the germination energy indicators varied from 89 to 98 %, and laboratory germination from 94 to 99 %. Caryopsis with damage in the embryo area had a high germination rate in laboratory conditions. With an increase in microtraumas, field germination has decreased by 4–17 % compared to the control. The maximum injury and reduction in field germination of seeds was observed in the varieties of the early maturing group. Post-harvest processing of seeds has led to an increase in the percentage of their injury by 1–6 %, regardless of the type of equipment used.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" 19","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135292622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-30-38
O. V. Shumskaya, N. N. Vozhzhova, O. S. Zhogaleva, A. Yu. Dubina, P. I. Kostylev
Rice is a valuable crop used for food throughout the world. To develop modern, productive and disease resistant rice varieties, it is necessary to accelerate the breeding process using molecular biology methods. The purpose of the current study was to identify alleles of six blast resistance genes (Pi-1, Pi-2, Pi-33, Pi-40, Pi-ta and Pi-b) in the selected rice samples using MAS (marker-associated selection method). The objects of the study were 446 breeding rice samples sent to the laboratory of cell breeding for analysis by breeders from the laboratory for rice breeding and seed production of the FSBSI «ARC «Donskoy». Identification of genes in them was carried out differentially and was determined by the pedigree of the samples. In order to determine the alleles of the blast resistance genes Pi-1, Pi-2 and Pi-33, all 446 samples were studied, for the Pi-40 gene there were studied 20 samples, for the Pi-ta gene there were studied 316 samples. For DNA extraction, there was used a Russian-made kit ‘DNA-Extran-3’. PCR was performed using specific primers of the target genes. Identification of reaction products was performed on agarosegels after photographing in ultraviolet light. As a result of the study, there were identified the rice samples which carried from 1 to 5 blast resistance genes in various combinations. There have been identified 14 samples that possess a set of 5 resistance genes, such as 2723, 2724, 2727, 2728, 2729, 2730, 2733, 2735, 2736, 5007, 5671, 5673, 5450/2 and 2450/2. The information obtained from the results of the study could then be used by breeders to use valuable genotypes as donors in crosses, as well as to select promising breeding material resistant to blast disease.
{"title":"Identification of rice blast resistance genes Pi-1, Pi-2, Pi-33, Pi-40, Pi-ta, Pi-b","authors":"O. V. Shumskaya, N. N. Vozhzhova, O. S. Zhogaleva, A. Yu. Dubina, P. I. Kostylev","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-30-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-30-38","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is a valuable crop used for food throughout the world. To develop modern, productive and disease resistant rice varieties, it is necessary to accelerate the breeding process using molecular biology methods. The purpose of the current study was to identify alleles of six blast resistance genes (Pi-1, Pi-2, Pi-33, Pi-40, Pi-ta and Pi-b) in the selected rice samples using MAS (marker-associated selection method). The objects of the study were 446 breeding rice samples sent to the laboratory of cell breeding for analysis by breeders from the laboratory for rice breeding and seed production of the FSBSI «ARC «Donskoy». Identification of genes in them was carried out differentially and was determined by the pedigree of the samples. In order to determine the alleles of the blast resistance genes Pi-1, Pi-2 and Pi-33, all 446 samples were studied, for the Pi-40 gene there were studied 20 samples, for the Pi-ta gene there were studied 316 samples. For DNA extraction, there was used a Russian-made kit ‘DNA-Extran-3’. PCR was performed using specific primers of the target genes. Identification of reaction products was performed on agarosegels after photographing in ultraviolet light. As a result of the study, there were identified the rice samples which carried from 1 to 5 blast resistance genes in various combinations. There have been identified 14 samples that possess a set of 5 resistance genes, such as 2723, 2724, 2727, 2728, 2729, 2730, 2733, 2735, 2736, 5007, 5671, 5673, 5450/2 and 2450/2. The information obtained from the results of the study could then be used by breeders to use valuable genotypes as donors in crosses, as well as to select promising breeding material resistant to blast disease.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135292617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-5-11
N. N. Sukhenko, V. V. Kovtunov
The priority direction in grain sorghum breeding is the development of new early maturing, highly productive hybrids adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the region and their introduction into agricultural production. Thus, the use of the heterosis effect in hybrids developed from maternal lines with cytoplasmic male sterility is of particular interest. The current paper has presented the study results of heterosis of grain sorghum hybrids of the first generation, developed on the basis of CMS lines, according to the main quantitative traits. The trials were carried out in the laboratory for grain sorghum breeding and seed production of the FSBSI «Agricultural Research Center «Donskoy» in 2020–2022. The purpose of the current research was to study the heterosis effect of morpho-biological traits of grain sorghum hybrids of the first generation developed from crossing sterile lines with highly productive varieties and samples of various breeding. In most hybrids, true and hypothetical heterosis were identified according to plant height, weight, and number of grains per panicle, and the frequency of high heterosis values was estimated according to weight and number of grains. The maximum effect of heterosis manifestation was established based on the trait ‘protrusion of a panicle stalk’ in the combination of AZSK21 x ZSK 24/20 (H true = 335.0 %; H hyp = 694.4%). According to the length of a vegetation period during 2020–2022, all combinations turned out to be early maturing and the heterosis effectwas absent in most variants. 65 % of hybrids were classified as undersized, and the highest heterosis in the trait ‘plant height’ was 38.9 %. During the trials, the hybrid ‘Jetta x ZSK 217’ (87.35 g) showed an excess in the trait ‘grain weight per panicle’ over the best parental form. There have been identified the samples that are expedient to use in crossings to obtain highly productive hybrids, such as ‘By 112’, ‘ZSK 196/17’, ‘ZSK 217’, ‘Zhemchug № 56’, ‘Zhemchug № 59’ and ‘B-10434’.
{"title":"Study of the heterosis effect of morpho-biological traits of grain sorghum hybrids F<sub>1</sub>","authors":"N. N. Sukhenko, V. V. Kovtunov","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-5-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-5-11","url":null,"abstract":"The priority direction in grain sorghum breeding is the development of new early maturing, highly productive hybrids adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the region and their introduction into agricultural production. Thus, the use of the heterosis effect in hybrids developed from maternal lines with cytoplasmic male sterility is of particular interest. The current paper has presented the study results of heterosis of grain sorghum hybrids of the first generation, developed on the basis of CMS lines, according to the main quantitative traits. The trials were carried out in the laboratory for grain sorghum breeding and seed production of the FSBSI «Agricultural Research Center «Donskoy» in 2020–2022. The purpose of the current research was to study the heterosis effect of morpho-biological traits of grain sorghum hybrids of the first generation developed from crossing sterile lines with highly productive varieties and samples of various breeding. In most hybrids, true and hypothetical heterosis were identified according to plant height, weight, and number of grains per panicle, and the frequency of high heterosis values was estimated according to weight and number of grains. The maximum effect of heterosis manifestation was established based on the trait ‘protrusion of a panicle stalk’ in the combination of AZSK21 x ZSK 24/20 (H true = 335.0 %; H hyp = 694.4%). According to the length of a vegetation period during 2020–2022, all combinations turned out to be early maturing and the heterosis effectwas absent in most variants. 65 % of hybrids were classified as undersized, and the highest heterosis in the trait ‘plant height’ was 38.9 %. During the trials, the hybrid ‘Jetta x ZSK 217’ (87.35 g) showed an excess in the trait ‘grain weight per panicle’ over the best parental form. There have been identified the samples that are expedient to use in crossings to obtain highly productive hybrids, such as ‘By 112’, ‘ZSK 196/17’, ‘ZSK 217’, ‘Zhemchug № 56’, ‘Zhemchug № 59’ and ‘B-10434’.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":"52 s35","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-12-18
S. A. Ignatiev, A. A. Regidin, N. S. Kravchenko, K. N. Goryunov
Prolonged vegetation and changes in weather and climatic conditions according to seasons and vegetation periods result in the loss of sainfoin plants and a decrease in productivity of forage and seeds. The identification of new varieties with high adaptability to the agroclimatic conditions of a particular region of their cultivation, the study of patterns of changes in various economic traits according to a year of life will allow selecting more productive and adapted lines and forms of sainfoin plants. The purpose of current paper was to present the study of plant density of sainfoin varieties and new lines during 3 years of life according to their productivity. The study was carried out in the laboratory for breeding and seed production of perennial grasses of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center «Donskoy». The objects of study in the nursery for preliminary variety testing were 3 varieties and 6 lines of sandy sainfoin that were promising for feed and seed productivity. Conditions in the south of the Rostov region made it possible to obtain seedlings with a plant density of 309–313 pcs/m 2 with a field seed germination rate of 75.2–80.2 %. In the second year of sowing, the plant stand density varied from 198 pcs/m 2 to 251 pcs/m 2 . With such plant density there has been formed a dry mass yield of 6.41–7.17 t/ha. In the third year, the plant density compared to the previous year decreased significantly and varied from 109 pcs/m 2 to 127 pcs/m 2 , while the dry mass yield was formed at 6.25–7.13 t/ha. The number of gen erative shoots in the studied varieties and lines varied over the years from 981 pcs/m 2 to 1244 pcs/m 2 in the second year, while the seed productivity of the best lines was 0.90–0.95 t/ha, and from 415 pcs/m 2 to 525 pcs/m 2 in the third year of life, while the best lines had a seed yield of 0.85–1.09 t/ha.
{"title":"Stand density and productivity of sainfoin","authors":"S. A. Ignatiev, A. A. Regidin, N. S. Kravchenko, K. N. Goryunov","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-12-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-12-18","url":null,"abstract":"Prolonged vegetation and changes in weather and climatic conditions according to seasons and vegetation periods result in the loss of sainfoin plants and a decrease in productivity of forage and seeds. The identification of new varieties with high adaptability to the agroclimatic conditions of a particular region of their cultivation, the study of patterns of changes in various economic traits according to a year of life will allow selecting more productive and adapted lines and forms of sainfoin plants. The purpose of current paper was to present the study of plant density of sainfoin varieties and new lines during 3 years of life according to their productivity. The study was carried out in the laboratory for breeding and seed production of perennial grasses of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center «Donskoy». The objects of study in the nursery for preliminary variety testing were 3 varieties and 6 lines of sandy sainfoin that were promising for feed and seed productivity. Conditions in the south of the Rostov region made it possible to obtain seedlings with a plant density of 309–313 pcs/m 2 with a field seed germination rate of 75.2–80.2 %. In the second year of sowing, the plant stand density varied from 198 pcs/m 2 to 251 pcs/m 2 . With such plant density there has been formed a dry mass yield of 6.41–7.17 t/ha. In the third year, the plant density compared to the previous year decreased significantly and varied from 109 pcs/m 2 to 127 pcs/m 2 , while the dry mass yield was formed at 6.25–7.13 t/ha. The number of gen erative shoots in the studied varieties and lines varied over the years from 981 pcs/m 2 to 1244 pcs/m 2 in the second year, while the seed productivity of the best lines was 0.90–0.95 t/ha, and from 415 pcs/m 2 to 525 pcs/m 2 in the third year of life, while the best lines had a seed yield of 0.85–1.09 t/ha.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":"52 s36","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-24-29
G. Ya. Krivosheev, A. S. Ignatiev
Hybrid maize breeding is carried out based on interline hybridization using heterosis in the first generation. Hybridization efficiency can be increased using parental forms with high combining ability in crosses. The purpose of the study was to identify new self-pollinated lines of maize with high general and specific combining ability, to identify the impact on the accuracy of the estimation of related lines included in the study. The current study was carried out at the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center «Donskoy» in 2021 and 2022. The objects of the study were two testers PD 329, KV 399 and 10 self-pollinated lines, including two lines (KV 410 and DS 22/325) related to tester PD 329, twenty topcross maize hybrids. The method for estimating combining ability was complete topcrosses. Estimation of new self-pollinated lines by the topcross method made it possible to identify the lines ‘KV 498’ and ‘DS 498/203-3’ with a consistently high overall combining ability according to the trait ‘grain productivity’. The specific combining ability was characterized by variability depending on the year of study. Only the line ‘KV 401’ had a high SCR in all years of study. The inclusion of lines related to the testers in the set had no effect or only slightly affected the estimates of the TCS of the remaining unrelated lines. The effect on the SCS was not significant, however, the estimation of the SCS would be more accurate if related lines were excluded from the set. There have been identified such new testcross hybrids with large grain productivity as ‘PD 329 × KV 498’ (3.92 t/ha), ‘KV 399 × KV 498’ (4.71 t/ha),‘KV 399 × KV 401’ (4.80 t/ha), ‘KV 399 × DS 498/203-3’ (4.60 t/ha). They were obtained with the participation of new lines characterized by high general or specific combinative ability, which can be recommended to be included in crossbreeding programs to develop highly heterotic maize hybrids.
{"title":"Selection of maize lines for estimating combining ability in topcrossings","authors":"G. Ya. Krivosheev, A. S. Ignatiev","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-24-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-24-29","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid maize breeding is carried out based on interline hybridization using heterosis in the first generation. Hybridization efficiency can be increased using parental forms with high combining ability in crosses. The purpose of the study was to identify new self-pollinated lines of maize with high general and specific combining ability, to identify the impact on the accuracy of the estimation of related lines included in the study. The current study was carried out at the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center «Donskoy» in 2021 and 2022. The objects of the study were two testers PD 329, KV 399 and 10 self-pollinated lines, including two lines (KV 410 and DS 22/325) related to tester PD 329, twenty topcross maize hybrids. The method for estimating combining ability was complete topcrosses. Estimation of new self-pollinated lines by the topcross method made it possible to identify the lines ‘KV 498’ and ‘DS 498/203-3’ with a consistently high overall combining ability according to the trait ‘grain productivity’. The specific combining ability was characterized by variability depending on the year of study. Only the line ‘KV 401’ had a high SCR in all years of study. The inclusion of lines related to the testers in the set had no effect or only slightly affected the estimates of the TCS of the remaining unrelated lines. The effect on the SCS was not significant, however, the estimation of the SCS would be more accurate if related lines were excluded from the set. There have been identified such new testcross hybrids with large grain productivity as ‘PD 329 × KV 498’ (3.92 t/ha), ‘KV 399 × KV 498’ (4.71 t/ha),‘KV 399 × KV 401’ (4.80 t/ha), ‘KV 399 × DS 498/203-3’ (4.60 t/ha). They were obtained with the participation of new lines characterized by high general or specific combinative ability, which can be recommended to be included in crossbreeding programs to develop highly heterotic maize hybrids.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":"52 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-19-23
L. K. Butkovskaya, O. K. Krylova, V. E. Mudrova
The purpose of the current work was to estimate the effect of sowing dates on a length of a vegetation period and the sowing qualities of spring wheat varieties of different maturity groups. The trials were carried out from 2018 to 2020. There have been studied such six varieties as middle-early varieties ‘Altaiskaya 70’, ‘Novosibirskaya 29’, ‘Tulunskaya 12’, Krasnoyarskaya 12, the middle-maturing variety ‘Kuraginskaya 2’, the middle-late variety ‘Svirel’. There have been studied such two sowing dates as optimal in May 15, and late in May 22. The sowing trials were carried out with a seeder SSFC – 7. Harvesting was carried out with the combine ‘Hege’. The grain was dried, cleaned on ‘Petkus’, and weighed. The germination was estimated according to GOST 12036-66. Grain crops were sown in weedfree fallow. The counting area of the plots was 10 m 2 , with three repetitions. When sown in late dates, the ‘sprouting-ear formation’ period reduced on 4 days for the middle-late wheat variety ‘Svirel’, on 2 days for the middle-maturing varieties ‘Kur aginskaya 2’ and ‘Krasnoyarskaya 12’, for the middle-early varieties ‘Altayskaya 70’, ‘Tulunskaya 12’, ‘Novosibirskaya 29’ this period did not change. The length of the period ‘ear formation-maturity’ period for middle-early wheat varieties was 34–36 days, for middle-maturing varieties it lasted 36 days, and for the middle-late variety ‘Svirel’ it was 40 days. The varieties ‘Tulunskaya 12’, ‘Novosibirskaya 29’ and ‘Altaiskaya 70’ increased their productivity on 0.2–0.6 t/ha at a late sowing date, the middle-maturing varieties ‘Kuraginskaya 2’, ‘Krasnoyarskaya 12’ and the middle-late variety ‘Svirel’ increased their productivity on 0.3–0.5 t/ha at an early sowing date. There should be noted that 1000-grain weight changed similarly to the productivity of varieties. This indicator of the middle-early varieties increased in the late sowing date, and that of middle- and late-maturing varieties in the early sowing date. The recommended period for sowing spring wheat in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory for middle-early varieties for seeds is the beginning of the third ten days of May with a sum of active temperatures of 190 °C; for middle- and late-maturing varieties it is the middle of the second ten days of May at a sum of active temperatures of 150 °C.
{"title":"The effect of sowing dates on a vegetation period of spring wheat varieties of different maturity groups","authors":"L. K. Butkovskaya, O. K. Krylova, V. E. Mudrova","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-19-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-19-23","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the current work was to estimate the effect of sowing dates on a length of a vegetation period and the sowing qualities of spring wheat varieties of different maturity groups. The trials were carried out from 2018 to 2020. There have been studied such six varieties as middle-early varieties ‘Altaiskaya 70’, ‘Novosibirskaya 29’, ‘Tulunskaya 12’, Krasnoyarskaya 12, the middle-maturing variety ‘Kuraginskaya 2’, the middle-late variety ‘Svirel’. There have been studied such two sowing dates as optimal in May 15, and late in May 22. The sowing trials were carried out with a seeder SSFC – 7. Harvesting was carried out with the combine ‘Hege’. The grain was dried, cleaned on ‘Petkus’, and weighed. The germination was estimated according to GOST 12036-66. Grain crops were sown in weedfree fallow. The counting area of the plots was 10 m 2 , with three repetitions. When sown in late dates, the ‘sprouting-ear formation’ period reduced on 4 days for the middle-late wheat variety ‘Svirel’, on 2 days for the middle-maturing varieties ‘Kur aginskaya 2’ and ‘Krasnoyarskaya 12’, for the middle-early varieties ‘Altayskaya 70’, ‘Tulunskaya 12’, ‘Novosibirskaya 29’ this period did not change. The length of the period ‘ear formation-maturity’ period for middle-early wheat varieties was 34–36 days, for middle-maturing varieties it lasted 36 days, and for the middle-late variety ‘Svirel’ it was 40 days. The varieties ‘Tulunskaya 12’, ‘Novosibirskaya 29’ and ‘Altaiskaya 70’ increased their productivity on 0.2–0.6 t/ha at a late sowing date, the middle-maturing varieties ‘Kuraginskaya 2’, ‘Krasnoyarskaya 12’ and the middle-late variety ‘Svirel’ increased their productivity on 0.3–0.5 t/ha at an early sowing date. There should be noted that 1000-grain weight changed similarly to the productivity of varieties. This indicator of the middle-early varieties increased in the late sowing date, and that of middle- and late-maturing varieties in the early sowing date. The recommended period for sowing spring wheat in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory for middle-early varieties for seeds is the beginning of the third ten days of May with a sum of active temperatures of 190 °C; for middle- and late-maturing varieties it is the middle of the second ten days of May at a sum of active temperatures of 150 °C.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":"52 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-87-4-91-101
I. I. Gureev, A. V. Gostev, L. B. Nitchenko, V. A. Lukiyanov, S. V. Khlyupina, I. A. Prushchik
Winter wheat is the main grain crop in the Central Blackearth region. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the effect of basic tillage practices and doses of mineral fertilizers in crop rotations on the productivity, grain quality and economic efficiency of winter wheat grain production in the conditions of the Central Blackearth region. The study was carried out on the experimental field of the FSBSI “Kursk FARC” on the slope of the northern exposure in 2016–2020. The scheme of the trial included crop rotations (grain-fallow, grain-grass-fallow, graingrass), primary tillage methods (plowing, disking, non-moldboard plowing), mineral fertilizers (without fertilizers, single N20Р40К40 and double N40Р80К80 doses). As a result of the study, there has been established productivity advantage of the grain-fallow crop rotation over the grain-grass-fallow and grain-grass crop rotation. Winter wheat productivity in the grain-grass crop rotation has decreased on an average of 10.2 %, in the grain-grass it has reduced on 15.8 %, compared with the grain-fallow crop rotation. The minimization of primary tillage methods in most cases has contributed to a decrease of winter wheat productivity, content of gluten, protein, and grain nature weight, compared with plowing. The introduction of mineral fertilizers has contributed to the improvement of all indicators of winter wheat grain quality. The largest yield of 4.63 t/ha was obtained in a grain-fallow crop rotation when plowing the soil with a fertilizer dose of N40P80K80. Calculations of the economic efficiency of the applied technologies have shown that the cost price of winter wheat grain was lower (4.44 thousand rubles/t) when disking soil in a grain-grass crop rotation with the application of a fertilizer dose N20P40K40. At the same time, the profit has amounted to 19.85 thousand rubles/ha, the level of profitability was 125.2 %. The minimum cost price of winter wheat grain was found in the variant with a fertilizer dose of N32P64K64.
{"title":"Winter wheat productivity and grain quality while minimizing agricultural techniques in the conditions of the Central Blackearth Region","authors":"I. I. Gureev, A. V. Gostev, L. B. Nitchenko, V. A. Lukiyanov, S. V. Khlyupina, I. A. Prushchik","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-87-4-91-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-87-4-91-101","url":null,"abstract":"Winter wheat is the main grain crop in the Central Blackearth region. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the effect of basic tillage practices and doses of mineral fertilizers in crop rotations on the productivity, grain quality and economic efficiency of winter wheat grain production in the conditions of the Central Blackearth region. The study was carried out on the experimental field of the FSBSI “Kursk FARC” on the slope of the northern exposure in 2016–2020. The scheme of the trial included crop rotations (grain-fallow, grain-grass-fallow, graingrass), primary tillage methods (plowing, disking, non-moldboard plowing), mineral fertilizers (without fertilizers, single N20Р40К40 and double N40Р80К80 doses). As a result of the study, there has been established productivity advantage of the grain-fallow crop rotation over the grain-grass-fallow and grain-grass crop rotation. Winter wheat productivity in the grain-grass crop rotation has decreased on an average of 10.2 %, in the grain-grass it has reduced on 15.8 %, compared with the grain-fallow crop rotation. The minimization of primary tillage methods in most cases has contributed to a decrease of winter wheat productivity, content of gluten, protein, and grain nature weight, compared with plowing. The introduction of mineral fertilizers has contributed to the improvement of all indicators of winter wheat grain quality. The largest yield of 4.63 t/ha was obtained in a grain-fallow crop rotation when plowing the soil with a fertilizer dose of N40P80K80. Calculations of the economic efficiency of the applied technologies have shown that the cost price of winter wheat grain was lower (4.44 thousand rubles/t) when disking soil in a grain-grass crop rotation with the application of a fertilizer dose N20P40K40. At the same time, the profit has amounted to 19.85 thousand rubles/ha, the level of profitability was 125.2 %. The minimum cost price of winter wheat grain was found in the variant with a fertilizer dose of N32P64K64.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135880727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-87-4-78-83
O. A. Mitrokhina
The purpose of the current study was to determine the content of mobile forms of microelements in soils with different relief and to establish the correlation between elements and productivity of the main agricultural crops under the conditions of the Central Blackearth Region. The study was carried out on the territory of the Kursk region on the fields of the FSBSI Kursk FARC in the laboratory for agrochemistry and agroecological monitoring in the period from 2006–2016. The subjects of the study were microelements and their quantity. The object of the study was the arable soil and grain crop productivity. There has been established that the slopes of polar exposures have different levels of microelement content. The content of mobile copper has decreased on the slope of the northern exposure and amounted to 0.07 mg/kg and 0.09 mg/kg on the watershed plateau. On the slope of the southern exposure, it has tended to increase (0.10 mg/kg). The highest content of mobile zinc has been determined on the watershed plateau (0.13 mg/kg), the lowest on the southern slope (0.06 mg/kg). The manganese content on the territory of the watershed plateau was relatively higher in comparison with the slopes of polar exposures (17 mg/kg), northern slope (10.8 mg/kg), and southern one (8.0 mg/kg). There has been found that microelements have a different effect on productivity of the studied grain crops according to land relief. On the territory of the northern slope and the watershed plateau, barley productivity has been more influenced by the content of zinc and manganese. Winter wheat productivity was dependent on manganese. On the southern slope, productivity of the studied grain crops was significantly affected by both the content of mobile zinc and manganese.
{"title":"Microelements in the slope agricultural landscape of the Central Blackearth Region and their correlation with grain crop productivity","authors":"O. A. Mitrokhina","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-87-4-78-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-87-4-78-83","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the current study was to determine the content of mobile forms of microelements in soils with different relief and to establish the correlation between elements and productivity of the main agricultural crops under the conditions of the Central Blackearth Region. The study was carried out on the territory of the Kursk region on the fields of the FSBSI Kursk FARC in the laboratory for agrochemistry and agroecological monitoring in the period from 2006–2016. The subjects of the study were microelements and their quantity. The object of the study was the arable soil and grain crop productivity. There has been established that the slopes of polar exposures have different levels of microelement content. The content of mobile copper has decreased on the slope of the northern exposure and amounted to 0.07 mg/kg and 0.09 mg/kg on the watershed plateau. On the slope of the southern exposure, it has tended to increase (0.10 mg/kg). The highest content of mobile zinc has been determined on the watershed plateau (0.13 mg/kg), the lowest on the southern slope (0.06 mg/kg). The manganese content on the territory of the watershed plateau was relatively higher in comparison with the slopes of polar exposures (17 mg/kg), northern slope (10.8 mg/kg), and southern one (8.0 mg/kg). There has been found that microelements have a different effect on productivity of the studied grain crops according to land relief. On the territory of the northern slope and the watershed plateau, barley productivity has been more influenced by the content of zinc and manganese. Winter wheat productivity was dependent on manganese. On the southern slope, productivity of the studied grain crops was significantly affected by both the content of mobile zinc and manganese.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135826237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-87-4-114-118
A. S. Golubev
The current paper has presented the results of a two-year study (2018–2019), the purpose of which was to study the efficiency of the herbicide ‘Axial Cross, EC’ (45 g/l of pinoxaden + 5 g/l of florasulam + 11.25 g/l of antidote cloquintoset-mexil) in 6 regions of the Russian Federation, namely on the crops of winter wheat variety ‘Ershovskaya’ in the Volgograd region, on the crops of winter wheat varieties ‘Skipetr’ (2018) and ‘Snigurka’ (2019) in the Voronezh region, on the crops of spring wheat variety ‘Altaiskaya Zhnitsa’ in the Altai Territory, on the crops of spring wheat variety ‘Uralosibirskaya’ in the Omsk Region, on the crops of spring barley variety ‘Acha’ in the Sverdlovsk Region, on the crops of winter barley variety ‘Rubezh’ in the Krasnodar Territory. The trials were laid on plots of 25 m2 in four sequences. The weed infestation of crops was estimated by a quantitative method before the treatment, in 30 and 5 days after it and before harvesting. The efficiency of the herbicide was calculated in relation to the untreated control. There has been established that the use of ‘Axial Cross, EC’ at application rates of 0.7–0.9–1.1 l/ha has provided a high degree of suppression of both cereals and dicotyledonous weeds. At the maximum rate of application, there was a 100 % efficiency of the herbicide against yellow-foxtail grass, wild oats, green-foxtail grass, blind weed, canker rose and black bindweed, 97.4 % against loose silky bent, 95.6 % against airif (catchweed). There was up to 68.1–77.7 % efficiency against Canadian thistle, corn sow thistle and field bindweed. The greatest yield increase after the use of the herbicide ‘Axial Cross, EC’ was obtained from the winter wheat varieties ‘Skipetr’ (0.88 t/ha) and ‘Snigurka’ (1.65 t/ha) in the Voronezh region.
{"title":"Estimation of the efficiency of the herbicide ‘Axial Cross’ for grain crops","authors":"A. S. Golubev","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-87-4-114-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-87-4-114-118","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper has presented the results of a two-year study (2018–2019), the purpose of which was to study the efficiency of the herbicide ‘Axial Cross, EC’ (45 g/l of pinoxaden + 5 g/l of florasulam + 11.25 g/l of antidote cloquintoset-mexil) in 6 regions of the Russian Federation, namely on the crops of winter wheat variety ‘Ershovskaya’ in the Volgograd region, on the crops of winter wheat varieties ‘Skipetr’ (2018) and ‘Snigurka’ (2019) in the Voronezh region, on the crops of spring wheat variety ‘Altaiskaya Zhnitsa’ in the Altai Territory, on the crops of spring wheat variety ‘Uralosibirskaya’ in the Omsk Region, on the crops of spring barley variety ‘Acha’ in the Sverdlovsk Region, on the crops of winter barley variety ‘Rubezh’ in the Krasnodar Territory. The trials were laid on plots of 25 m2 in four sequences. The weed infestation of crops was estimated by a quantitative method before the treatment, in 30 and 5 days after it and before harvesting. The efficiency of the herbicide was calculated in relation to the untreated control. There has been established that the use of ‘Axial Cross, EC’ at application rates of 0.7–0.9–1.1 l/ha has provided a high degree of suppression of both cereals and dicotyledonous weeds. At the maximum rate of application, there was a 100 % efficiency of the herbicide against yellow-foxtail grass, wild oats, green-foxtail grass, blind weed, canker rose and black bindweed, 97.4 % against loose silky bent, 95.6 % against airif (catchweed). There was up to 68.1–77.7 % efficiency against Canadian thistle, corn sow thistle and field bindweed. The greatest yield increase after the use of the herbicide ‘Axial Cross, EC’ was obtained from the winter wheat varieties ‘Skipetr’ (0.88 t/ha) and ‘Snigurka’ (1.65 t/ha) in the Voronezh region.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135826370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-87-4-109-113
Danil F. Askhadullin, Damir F. Askhadullin, N. Z. Vasilova, M. R. Tazutdinova, I. I. Khusainova, G. R. Gaifullina
Leaf rust is a harmful wheat disease of, which is annually identified in crops in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan. The disease resistance of the varieties is controlled by Lr genes, of which more than 70 are known at present. Most of them have lost their effectiveness. The purpose of the current work was to study the efficiency of 54 leaf rust resistance genes and their combinations from 2011 to 2022. The object of the study was a set of isogenic lines and test-varieties with identified Lr genes. The damage degree by leaf rust was estimated according to the maximum infestation, identified in the period ‘milk – beginning of a kernel wax ripeness’ under conditions of a natural infectious background. The damage degree by leaf rust was determined as a percentage according to the Peterson scale. There has been established that the genes Lr 19, Lr 38, Lr 47, Lr 49, Lr Ag (i), Lr Ku keep showing high efficiency in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. The efficiency of the gene Lr 19 has increased in pyramids with genes Lr 26, Lr 23, Lr 14a, and Lr Bz. Monogenic resistance to leaf rust has been maintained for 12 years in the sample ‘Pavon derivative’ (PI 603918), carrying the gene Lr 47. In the period of 2019–2022 there was identified a decrease in wheat damage degree by leaf rust. Though under such conditions, a field estimation of breeding material for resistance cannot guarantee the development of wheat varieties immune to this disease.
{"title":"Characteristics of the efficiency of leaf rust resistance genes of spring wheat in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan","authors":"Danil F. Askhadullin, Damir F. Askhadullin, N. Z. Vasilova, M. R. Tazutdinova, I. I. Khusainova, G. R. Gaifullina","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-87-4-109-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-87-4-109-113","url":null,"abstract":"Leaf rust is a harmful wheat disease of, which is annually identified in crops in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan. The disease resistance of the varieties is controlled by Lr genes, of which more than 70 are known at present. Most of them have lost their effectiveness. The purpose of the current work was to study the efficiency of 54 leaf rust resistance genes and their combinations from 2011 to 2022. The object of the study was a set of isogenic lines and test-varieties with identified Lr genes. The damage degree by leaf rust was estimated according to the maximum infestation, identified in the period ‘milk – beginning of a kernel wax ripeness’ under conditions of a natural infectious background. The damage degree by leaf rust was determined as a percentage according to the Peterson scale. There has been established that the genes Lr 19, Lr 38, Lr 47, Lr 49, Lr Ag (i), Lr Ku keep showing high efficiency in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. The efficiency of the gene Lr 19 has increased in pyramids with genes Lr 26, Lr 23, Lr 14a, and Lr Bz. Monogenic resistance to leaf rust has been maintained for 12 years in the sample ‘Pavon derivative’ (PI 603918), carrying the gene Lr 47. In the period of 2019–2022 there was identified a decrease in wheat damage degree by leaf rust. Though under such conditions, a field estimation of breeding material for resistance cannot guarantee the development of wheat varieties immune to this disease.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135880723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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