Pub Date : 2023-09-11DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-87-4-35-42
P. I. Kostylev, A. V. Aksenov, E. V. Krasnova
Drought is one of the most important factors hindering the cultivation of rice, resulting in large yield losses, and limiting productivity growth. The purpose of the current study was to determine the drought resistance of rice varieties and samples of various origins under conditions of periodic irrigation with periods of prolonged soil aridity and high air temperature, to identify drought-resistant plants for the selection of upland varieties. There have been studied 68 varieties and samples of upland rice when grown on irrigated and flooded areas (Proletarsk, Rostov region). There has been established that varieties and samples under drought conditions and sufficient water supply formed different grain productivity, which in 2020–2021 with a lack of water amounted to 63.7 % of the norm, and in 2022 to 30.1 %. There has been found that the correlation of rice productivity under dry conditions with that under full moisture supply was weak negative (r = –0.22±0.12), and with the drought resistance index (DRI) it was high positive (r = 0.95±0.04). The values of quantitative traits under drought conditions have changed significantly in comparison with the control. Such traits as plant height (95.7 %), panicle length (73.1%), panicle density (58.7 %), number of harvested plants per 1 m2 (87.3 %), plant weight (42.3 %), panicle weight (25.1 %), total number of spikelets (54.5 %) and grains per panicle (32.4 %), 1000-grain weight (70.4 %) have decreased. Such traits as number of productive stems per 1 m2 (115.2 %), tilling capacity (126.1 %), the number of empty spikelets per panicle (205.1 %) and the percentage of empty grains (339.1 %) have increased. There have been identified such 9 varieties and samples with DRI from 51.1 to 93.7 % as ‘Kontro’, ‘An-Yun-Ho’, ‘Chan-Chun-Man’, ‘Hong-Mo’, ‘8323’, ‘8338’, ‘8337’, ‘ZULK 8’, ‘ZULK 9’, which formed maximum productivity in dry conditions (3.95–5.51 t/ha).
{"title":"Estimation of the productivity of rice samples under severe field drought","authors":"P. I. Kostylev, A. V. Aksenov, E. V. Krasnova","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-87-4-35-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-87-4-35-42","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is one of the most important factors hindering the cultivation of rice, resulting in large yield losses, and limiting productivity growth. The purpose of the current study was to determine the drought resistance of rice varieties and samples of various origins under conditions of periodic irrigation with periods of prolonged soil aridity and high air temperature, to identify drought-resistant plants for the selection of upland varieties. There have been studied 68 varieties and samples of upland rice when grown on irrigated and flooded areas (Proletarsk, Rostov region). There has been established that varieties and samples under drought conditions and sufficient water supply formed different grain productivity, which in 2020–2021 with a lack of water amounted to 63.7 % of the norm, and in 2022 to 30.1 %. There has been found that the correlation of rice productivity under dry conditions with that under full moisture supply was weak negative (r = –0.22±0.12), and with the drought resistance index (DRI) it was high positive (r = 0.95±0.04). The values of quantitative traits under drought conditions have changed significantly in comparison with the control. Such traits as plant height (95.7 %), panicle length (73.1%), panicle density (58.7 %), number of harvested plants per 1 m2 (87.3 %), plant weight (42.3 %), panicle weight (25.1 %), total number of spikelets (54.5 %) and grains per panicle (32.4 %), 1000-grain weight (70.4 %) have decreased. Such traits as number of productive stems per 1 m2 (115.2 %), tilling capacity (126.1 %), the number of empty spikelets per panicle (205.1 %) and the percentage of empty grains (339.1 %) have increased. There have been identified such 9 varieties and samples with DRI from 51.1 to 93.7 % as ‘Kontro’, ‘An-Yun-Ho’, ‘Chan-Chun-Man’, ‘Hong-Mo’, ‘8323’, ‘8338’, ‘8337’, ‘ZULK 8’, ‘ZULK 9’, which formed maximum productivity in dry conditions (3.95–5.51 t/ha).","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136024260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-11DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-87-4-14-20
N. A. Kovtunova, A. E. Romanyukin, V. V. Kovtunov, G. M. Ermolina, E. A. Shishova
The productivity increase of many agricultural crops is associated with the production of heterotic hybrid forms that are more productive than conventional varieties. In order to obtain a heterotic effect and develop hybrid seeds in sorghum breeding practice, the phenomenon of cytoplasmic male sterility is used. The purpose of the current work was to study new sorghum-Sudan hybrids developed on the basis of CMS, and to determine heterosis according to the main economically valuable traits that affect green mass productivity. The study was carried out in theAgricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2020–2022. The objects of the study were the sorghum-Sudanese hybrids studied in the competitive variety testing. Sowing and field observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The meteorological conditions during the years of study (2020–2022) varied significantly, which made it possible to conduct a comprehensive estimation of hybrids in contrasting conditions. According to the study carried out according to the main traits (length of “sprouts-heading stage” period, plant height, length of the 3rd leaf and number of leaves per plant), which affect the productivity of sorghum-Sudan hybrids, there has been established a high heterotic effect. Hybrids developed on the basis of CMS had a green mass productivity of 3557–5949 g/m2 for two cuts. Hypothetical heterosis ranged from 59.8 to 144.3 %, true heterosis was 22.1–95.1 %. According to the green mass productivity, the hybrids ‘APV-1115 x Kudesnitsa’, ‘APV-1115 x Svetloplenchataya 2’, ‘APV-1115 x ChT-22’, ‘Dzhetta x ChT-22’ were the best ones, exceeding the standard on 755–1384 g/m2 or by 16.5–30.3 %. The identified hybrids have confirmed the expediency of using cytoplasmic male sterility to obtain a highly heterotic effect both in terms of green mass productivity and in terms of the main traits that affect productivity.
{"title":"Use of cytoplasmic male sterility in sorghum breeding for productivity","authors":"N. A. Kovtunova, A. E. Romanyukin, V. V. Kovtunov, G. M. Ermolina, E. A. Shishova","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-87-4-14-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-87-4-14-20","url":null,"abstract":"The productivity increase of many agricultural crops is associated with the production of heterotic hybrid forms that are more productive than conventional varieties. In order to obtain a heterotic effect and develop hybrid seeds in sorghum breeding practice, the phenomenon of cytoplasmic male sterility is used. The purpose of the current work was to study new sorghum-Sudan hybrids developed on the basis of CMS, and to determine heterosis according to the main economically valuable traits that affect green mass productivity. The study was carried out in theAgricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2020–2022. The objects of the study were the sorghum-Sudanese hybrids studied in the competitive variety testing. Sowing and field observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The meteorological conditions during the years of study (2020–2022) varied significantly, which made it possible to conduct a comprehensive estimation of hybrids in contrasting conditions. According to the study carried out according to the main traits (length of “sprouts-heading stage” period, plant height, length of the 3rd leaf and number of leaves per plant), which affect the productivity of sorghum-Sudan hybrids, there has been established a high heterotic effect. Hybrids developed on the basis of CMS had a green mass productivity of 3557–5949 g/m2 for two cuts. Hypothetical heterosis ranged from 59.8 to 144.3 %, true heterosis was 22.1–95.1 %. According to the green mass productivity, the hybrids ‘APV-1115 x Kudesnitsa’, ‘APV-1115 x Svetloplenchataya 2’, ‘APV-1115 x ChT-22’, ‘Dzhetta x ChT-22’ were the best ones, exceeding the standard on 755–1384 g/m2 or by 16.5–30.3 %. The identified hybrids have confirmed the expediency of using cytoplasmic male sterility to obtain a highly heterotic effect both in terms of green mass productivity and in terms of the main traits that affect productivity.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136024265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-73-79
G. V. Ermolaeva
The purpose of the current study was to determine changes in the chemical composition of oat plants and the accumulation of the main nutrients when applying mineral and biomodified fertilizers. The study of oats sown after spring barley was carried out on leached heavy loamy chernozem in 2016–2018. The objects of the study were the mineral fertilizer ‘Azofoska’, the biological product ‘BisolbiFit’ (powder form based on live beneficial bacteria Bacillus subtilis Ch-13), the spring oats variety ‘Rysak’. The weather and climatic conditions during the years of study were quite diverse, which made it possible to objectively estimate the study results. There has been found that the oat productivity over the years of study (2016–2018) was at the level of 2.15–2.30 t/ha. The use of the studied fertilizers in the trial, such as ‘Azofoska’ and ‘BisolbiFit’, contributed to oat productivity increase by 2.3–7.0 % compared to the variant without fertilization (control). The maximum productivity increase was obtained in the variant with modified ‘Azofoska’ (AZKm) at a dose of 15 kg/ha a.i., grain yield in this variant was 2.30 t/ha, exceeding the control by 0.15 t/ha. The difference between the variants of the trial was not significant (0.05–0.15 t/ha) with HSR05 = 0.17 t/ha. The coefficient of consumption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by oat plants on average was 63, 39 and 65 %. The use of a microbiological product based on live beneficial bacteria Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 (for the biomodification of ‘Azofoska’) contributed to the maximum increase in the payback of 1 kg of NPK by the yield increase. The highest payback from 1 kg a.i. fertilizers was established when applying ‘Azofoska’ modified with the biological product ‘BisolbiFit’ at a dose of 7.5 kg/ha a.i. (½ AZKm) and amounted to 5.8 kg/kg.
{"title":"Chemical composition change of oat plants and the accumulation of NPK in the yield when applying a mineral fertilizer modified with a biological product","authors":"G. V. Ermolaeva","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-73-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-73-79","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the current study was to determine changes in the chemical composition of oat plants and the accumulation of the main nutrients when applying mineral and biomodified fertilizers. The study of oats sown after spring barley was carried out on leached heavy loamy chernozem in 2016–2018. The objects of the study were the mineral fertilizer ‘Azofoska’, the biological product ‘BisolbiFit’ (powder form based on live beneficial bacteria Bacillus subtilis Ch-13), the spring oats variety ‘Rysak’. The weather and climatic conditions during the years of study were quite diverse, which made it possible to objectively estimate the study results. There has been found that the oat productivity over the years of study (2016–2018) was at the level of 2.15–2.30 t/ha. The use of the studied fertilizers in the trial, such as ‘Azofoska’ and ‘BisolbiFit’, contributed to oat productivity increase by 2.3–7.0 % compared to the variant without fertilization (control). The maximum productivity increase was obtained in the variant with modified ‘Azofoska’ (AZKm) at a dose of 15 kg/ha a.i., grain yield in this variant was 2.30 t/ha, exceeding the control by 0.15 t/ha. The difference between the variants of the trial was not significant (0.05–0.15 t/ha) with HSR05 = 0.17 t/ha. The coefficient of consumption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by oat plants on average was 63, 39 and 65 %. The use of a microbiological product based on live beneficial bacteria Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 (for the biomodification of ‘Azofoska’) contributed to the maximum increase in the payback of 1 kg of NPK by the yield increase. The highest payback from 1 kg a.i. fertilizers was established when applying ‘Azofoska’ modified with the biological product ‘BisolbiFit’ at a dose of 7.5 kg/ha a.i. (½ AZKm) and amounted to 5.8 kg/kg.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47990467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-93-98
G. Ovsyannikova, A. Popov, А. A. Sukharev, I. K. Kopman, Yu. V. Manukyan
The current study was carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region in the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2019–2022. The purpose of the study was to determine the moisture content of the winter common and durum wheat sown after various forecrops. There has been found that during the study, precipitation fell unevenly over the seasons. The amount of useful precipitation during the vegetation period of winter wheat (mean for three years) was 319.80 mm. There has been established that when sown in weedfree fallow, the total moisture consumption both over the years (278.90–445.00 mm) and on average over three years (381.40 mm) exceeded the amount of useful precipitation. On the formation of grain yield winter wheat has spent, in addition to precipitation, the productive moisture accumulated from the soil. There has been found that when sown after non-fallow forecrops, in the absence of reserves of productive moisture in the soil, the productivity formation proceeded mainly due to precipitation. When sowing winter wheat, the total moisture consumption (mean in 2019–2022) was 322.00 mm after peas and 315.50 mm after sunflower. There has been determined that the highest grain yield of the varieties ‘Zodiak’ (7.90 t/ha) and ‘Yantarina’ (6.28 t/ha) was obtained when sown in weedfree fallow, while they spent the least amount of moisture per yield unit, being 487.10 and 649, 70 m3/t respectively. When sown after sunflower, grain yield of the varieties was the lowest, and the total moisture consumption per ton of grain was the highest, being 5.60 t/ha and 599.20 m3 (the variety ‘Zodiak’); 4.02 t/ha and 869.70 m3 (the variety ‘Yantarina’). The forecrop ‘peas’ occupied an intermediate position between weedfree fallow and sunflower both in terms of productivity and total moisture consumption per ton of grain, being 6.36 t/ha and 528.60 m3 (the variety ‘Zodiak’) and 4.92 t/ha 823, 60 m3 (the variety ‘Yantarina’).
{"title":"Moisture supply of the sown winter common and durum wheat","authors":"G. Ovsyannikova, A. Popov, А. A. Sukharev, I. K. Kopman, Yu. V. Manukyan","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-93-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-93-98","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region in the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2019–2022. The purpose of the study was to determine the moisture content of the winter common and durum wheat sown after various forecrops. There has been found that during the study, precipitation fell unevenly over the seasons. The amount of useful precipitation during the vegetation period of winter wheat (mean for three years) was 319.80 mm. There has been established that when sown in weedfree fallow, the total moisture consumption both over the years (278.90–445.00 mm) and on average over three years (381.40 mm) exceeded the amount of useful precipitation. On the formation of grain yield winter wheat has spent, in addition to precipitation, the productive moisture accumulated from the soil. There has been found that when sown after non-fallow forecrops, in the absence of reserves of productive moisture in the soil, the productivity formation proceeded mainly due to precipitation. When sowing winter wheat, the total moisture consumption (mean in 2019–2022) was 322.00 mm after peas and 315.50 mm after sunflower. There has been determined that the highest grain yield of the varieties ‘Zodiak’ (7.90 t/ha) and ‘Yantarina’ (6.28 t/ha) was obtained when sown in weedfree fallow, while they spent the least amount of moisture per yield unit, being 487.10 and 649, 70 m3/t respectively. When sown after sunflower, grain yield of the varieties was the lowest, and the total moisture consumption per ton of grain was the highest, being 5.60 t/ha and 599.20 m3 (the variety ‘Zodiak’); 4.02 t/ha and 869.70 m3 (the variety ‘Yantarina’). The forecrop ‘peas’ occupied an intermediate position between weedfree fallow and sunflower both in terms of productivity and total moisture consumption per ton of grain, being 6.36 t/ha and 528.60 m3 (the variety ‘Zodiak’) and 4.92 t/ha 823, 60 m3 (the variety ‘Yantarina’).","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43942675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-99-107
A. Vereshchagina, E. Gandrabur
The widespread cultivation of highly productive varieties of agricultural crops often leads to the emergence and spread of new intraspecific forms of insects capable of mass reproduction. The control of these processes is of environmental importance and is possible based on monitoring the variability of the phenol appearance of pest populations. There has been carried out a vegetative and field estimation of phenogenetic variability of such pest of grain crops as the bird cherry-grass aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) under nutrition on 15 spring common wheat varieties. There has been conducted an ecological phenotyping of the adaptability of the intrapopulation composition of aphids under vegetative conditions according to abundance and dispersal ability in the offspring of summer morphs (emigrants and wingless viviparas) in three different clones. There has been identified a differentiated interaction of clones and morphs of aphids with varieties of fodder plants for both indicators. There has been shown that the reproduction rates of emigrants and wingless viviparous aphids within clones (14, S and 85) differed (t14 = 3.9, p =.000; Fs = 8.8, p = 0.000; F85 = 7.9, p = 0.000). Clone S was more successful than others in reproducing emigrants and wingless vivipares (F14 = 17.8, p = 0.000; F85 = 3.4; p = 0.03; F'14 = 2.98, p = 0.05; F'85 = 5.3, p = 0.003, respectively). Favorability of individual varieties for clones did not match. When the aphid population was destabilized, compensatory mechanisms included a discrepancy in the reactivity of individual morphs to unfavorable conditions. There has been shown a correlation (r = 0.53; p = 0.04) between the degree of favorableness of varieties for feeding aphids in vegetation (antibiosis) and field conditions (antibiosis and antixenosis), which has confirmed the similarity of the genetic nature of these types of resistance.
{"title":"Diagnosis of intrapopulation adaptation genesis of bird cherry aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) under nutrition conditions on various spring common wheat varieties","authors":"A. Vereshchagina, E. Gandrabur","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-99-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-99-107","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread cultivation of highly productive varieties of agricultural crops often leads to the emergence and spread of new intraspecific forms of insects capable of mass reproduction. The control of these processes is of environmental importance and is possible based on monitoring the variability of the phenol appearance of pest populations. There has been carried out a vegetative and field estimation of phenogenetic variability of such pest of grain crops as the bird cherry-grass aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) under nutrition on 15 spring common wheat varieties. There has been conducted an ecological phenotyping of the adaptability of the intrapopulation composition of aphids under vegetative conditions according to abundance and dispersal ability in the offspring of summer morphs (emigrants and wingless viviparas) in three different clones. There has been identified a differentiated interaction of clones and morphs of aphids with varieties of fodder plants for both indicators. There has been shown that the reproduction rates of emigrants and wingless viviparous aphids within clones (14, S and 85) differed (t14 = 3.9, p =.000; Fs = 8.8, p = 0.000; F85 = 7.9, p = 0.000). Clone S was more successful than others in reproducing emigrants and wingless vivipares (F14 = 17.8, p = 0.000; F85 = 3.4; p = 0.03; F'14 = 2.98, p = 0.05; F'85 = 5.3, p = 0.003, respectively). Favorability of individual varieties for clones did not match. When the aphid population was destabilized, compensatory mechanisms included a discrepancy in the reactivity of individual morphs to unfavorable conditions. There has been shown a correlation (r = 0.53; p = 0.04) between the degree of favorableness of varieties for feeding aphids in vegetation (antibiosis) and field conditions (antibiosis and antixenosis), which has confirmed the similarity of the genetic nature of these types of resistance.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45863212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-87-92
G. Deriglazova
The study of the stability of productivity of the spring barley variety ‘Suzdalets’ was carried out at the FSBSI “Kursk FARC” when cultivating the crop in various crop rotations with the application of mineral fertilizers, in the conditions of the Central Blackearth Region on chernozem soils over 7 rotations of three crop rotations (from 1985 to 2010). Mineral fertilizers for barley were applied in doses of N30Р30К30 and N60Р60К60. The main tillage was plowing. The purpose of the current work was to identify the influence of factors on the stability of spring barley productivity using a comprehensive estimation of the associated data of cultivation technology, weather, and soil conditions. There has been found that the spring barley productivity variation in the trial by 44 % was because of weather conditions, the interaction of weather conditions with the application of mineral fertilizers (20 %) and the interaction of all the studied factors (12 %). The conducted correlation analysis has shown a direct dependence on the HTC (r = 0.51) and an inverse dependence with the sum of active temperatures (r = –0.66). The introduction of a double dose of mineral fertilizers has reduced the dependence of barley productivity on the amount of precipitation during the crop vegetation period. The largest productivity was established in the grain-fallow crop rotation. When fertilizing, it has increased in all crop rotations. With the introduction of grasses in the crop rotation, the stability of productivity has improved. There has been identified that spring barley productivity has a direct correlation with the content of humus and with the content of nitrate nitrogen (r = 0.56–0.69) and ammonium nitrogen (r = 0.50–0.55). There has been established that barley productivity has a direct, moderate and noticeable correlation (r = 0.33–0.63) with a mobility degree of phosphates and potassium. With the help of the obtained mathematical model, knowing the mobility degree of phosphates and potassium in soil, there will be possible to predict spring barley productivity on blackearth soils of the Central Blackearth Region.
{"title":"Estimation of the stability of spring barley productivity under the conditions of the Central Blackearth Region","authors":"G. Deriglazova","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-87-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-87-92","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the stability of productivity of the spring barley variety ‘Suzdalets’ was carried out at the FSBSI “Kursk FARC” when cultivating the crop in various crop rotations with the application of mineral fertilizers, in the conditions of the Central Blackearth Region on chernozem soils over 7 rotations of three crop rotations (from 1985 to 2010). Mineral fertilizers for barley were applied in doses of N30Р30К30 and N60Р60К60. The main tillage was plowing. The purpose of the current work was to identify the influence of factors on the stability of spring barley productivity using a comprehensive estimation of the associated data of cultivation technology, weather, and soil conditions. There has been found that the spring barley productivity variation in the trial by 44 % was because of weather conditions, the interaction of weather conditions with the application of mineral fertilizers (20 %) and the interaction of all the studied factors (12 %). The conducted correlation analysis has shown a direct dependence on the HTC (r = 0.51) and an inverse dependence with the sum of active temperatures (r = –0.66). The introduction of a double dose of mineral fertilizers has reduced the dependence of barley productivity on the amount of precipitation during the crop vegetation period. The largest productivity was established in the grain-fallow crop rotation. When fertilizing, it has increased in all crop rotations. With the introduction of grasses in the crop rotation, the stability of productivity has improved. There has been identified that spring barley productivity has a direct correlation with the content of humus and with the content of nitrate nitrogen (r = 0.56–0.69) and ammonium nitrogen (r = 0.50–0.55). There has been established that barley productivity has a direct, moderate and noticeable correlation (r = 0.33–0.63) with a mobility degree of phosphates and potassium. With the help of the obtained mathematical model, knowing the mobility degree of phosphates and potassium in soil, there will be possible to predict spring barley productivity on blackearth soils of the Central Blackearth Region. ","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46425718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-80-86
L. Oganyan, F. Eroshenko, V. I. Kovtun, I. Storchak
The problem of improving the sustainability and efficiency of grain production, increasing its gross quantity and improving quality is a key one for farmers in the Stavropol region. Due to the lack of financial resources for most agricultural producers, the problem is largely solved by selecting the most effective cultivation technology elements, including new highly productive varieties due to the agrotechnology. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of forecrops, the level of mineral nutrition, sowing dates and seeding rates on productivity, grain quality and economic efficiency of cultivating new winter wheat varieties developed by the FSBSI “North-Caucasus Federal Research Agricultural Center”. As a result of study carried out on winter wheat crops of various varieties developed by the FSBSI “North-Caucasus FRAC”, productivity of the varieties sown in weedfree fallow was 5.71 t/ha, which was 3.41 t/ha more than after cropped fallow. The application of mineral fertilizers contributed to productivity improvement of the varieties sown in weedfree fallow on 1.27 t/ha, and on 1.8 t/ha when sown after winter wheat on average during 2018–2021. The maximum grain yield was identified at the optimal sowing time in September 30 – October 5 (an average of 6.8 % more than at early and late time). Different seeding rates did not have a significant effect on productivity. Based on the estimation of the effect of winter wheat cultivation technologies on productivity, grain quality and economic efficiency of cultivation, there have been given agrotechnological characteristics of the new winter wheat varieties developed by the North-Caucasus FRAC.
{"title":"Cultivation agrotechnologies of winter wheat varieties developed by the North Caucasus FRAC","authors":"L. Oganyan, F. Eroshenko, V. I. Kovtun, I. Storchak","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-80-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-80-86","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of improving the sustainability and efficiency of grain production, increasing its gross quantity and improving quality is a key one for farmers in the Stavropol region. Due to the lack of financial resources for most agricultural producers, the problem is largely solved by selecting the most effective cultivation technology elements, including new highly productive varieties due to the agrotechnology. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of forecrops, the level of mineral nutrition, sowing dates and seeding rates on productivity, grain quality and economic efficiency of cultivating new winter wheat varieties developed by the FSBSI “North-Caucasus Federal Research Agricultural Center”. As a result of study carried out on winter wheat crops of various varieties developed by the FSBSI “North-Caucasus FRAC”, productivity of the varieties sown in weedfree fallow was 5.71 t/ha, which was 3.41 t/ha more than after cropped fallow. The application of mineral fertilizers contributed to productivity improvement of the varieties sown in weedfree fallow on 1.27 t/ha, and on 1.8 t/ha when sown after winter wheat on average during 2018–2021. The maximum grain yield was identified at the optimal sowing time in September 30 – October 5 (an average of 6.8 % more than at early and late time). Different seeding rates did not have a significant effect on productivity. Based on the estimation of the effect of winter wheat cultivation technologies on productivity, grain quality and economic efficiency of cultivation, there have been given agrotechnological characteristics of the new winter wheat varieties developed by the North-Caucasus FRAC.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45344301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-60-64
I. Fadeeva
Winter wheat occupies significant areas in the fields of the Republic of Tatarstan. The purpose of the current paper was to develope a new winter common wheat variety ‘Sultan’ and to identify its ability to produce not only high yields, but also grain quality in the conditions of the Republic. The study was carried out on the fields of the TatRIA, a separate structural subdivision of the FRC KazSC RAS on gray forest soil when sown on bare fallow at the optimal time for this area. The paper has presented the characteristics of the variety according to economically valuable traits during the years of study (2018–2020). The variety was developed by the method of individual selection from a hybrid population (Kazanskaya84 х Moskovskaya39) х Kazanskaya 285. According to the productivity, the new variety ‘Sultan’ has exceeded the standard variety ‘Kazanskaya 560’ by 0.75 t/ha. There has been established that the large productivity of the variety ‘Sultan’ is formed due to the density of the productive stem, large number and weight of grain per ear. The variety is characterized by high frost-winter resistance (90 % on average over three years of trials), can withstand a temperature decrease at the level of the tillering node to minus 20°C in winter. The variety has a high reparation ability in spring. The variety ‘Sultan’ forms well-filled grain with a grain unit of 780–801 g/l. Crude protein in grain is of 14.9–15.6 %, and 26.8–28.5 % of gluten. The variety has high values of rheological properties, namely the specific work of dough deformation according to the alveograph (flour strength) is 275 e.u., the valorimetric value is 60 %. On average, over the three years of the study, the volume yield from 100 g of flour was 576 ml3, the general baking assessment was 4.6 points. The variety can be recommended for cultivation in the south-east of the Republic of Tatarstan.
{"title":"A new winter common wheat VARIETY ‘Sultan’","authors":"I. Fadeeva","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-60-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-60-64","url":null,"abstract":"Winter wheat occupies significant areas in the fields of the Republic of Tatarstan. The purpose of the current paper was to develope a new winter common wheat variety ‘Sultan’ and to identify its ability to produce not only high yields, but also grain quality in the conditions of the Republic. The study was carried out on the fields of the TatRIA, a separate structural subdivision of the FRC KazSC RAS on gray forest soil when sown on bare fallow at the optimal time for this area. The paper has presented the characteristics of the variety according to economically valuable traits during the years of study (2018–2020). The variety was developed by the method of individual selection from a hybrid population (Kazanskaya84 х Moskovskaya39) х Kazanskaya 285. According to the productivity, the new variety ‘Sultan’ has exceeded the standard variety ‘Kazanskaya 560’ by 0.75 t/ha. There has been established that the large productivity of the variety ‘Sultan’ is formed due to the density of the productive stem, large number and weight of grain per ear. The variety is characterized by high frost-winter resistance (90 % on average over three years of trials), can withstand a temperature decrease at the level of the tillering node to minus 20°C in winter. The variety has a high reparation ability in spring. The variety ‘Sultan’ forms well-filled grain with a grain unit of 780–801 g/l. Crude protein in grain is of 14.9–15.6 %, and 26.8–28.5 % of gluten. The variety has high values of rheological properties, namely the specific work of dough deformation according to the alveograph (flour strength) is 275 e.u., the valorimetric value is 60 %. On average, over the three years of the study, the volume yield from 100 g of flour was 576 ml3, the general baking assessment was 4.6 points. The variety can be recommended for cultivation in the south-east of the Republic of Tatarstan. ","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48087777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-54-59
B. I. Sandukhadze, R. Mamedov, V. V. Bugrova, M. S. Krakhmaleva, S. V. Sobolev
Obtaining wheat grain with good baking qualities is an important part of the food security of the Russian Federation. An important link in the production of grain is the development of winter common wheat varieties, which have genetically determined quality characteristics. FSBSI “FRC “Nemchinovka” is a leading institute for the development of strong and valuable winter wheat varieties. In recent years, the most spread varieties of winter common wheat developed by “Nemchinovska” are ‘Moskovskaya 39’, ‘Moskovskaya 56’ and ‘Nemchinovskaya 85’. The purpose of the current work was to study productivity and quality indicators of these varieties during the with years different weather conditions (according to the Competitive Variety Testing in 2015–2022). The most productive variety is ‘Nemchinovskaya 85’, the mean productivity is 7.35 t/ha, exceeding the standard ‘Moskovskaya 39’ on 1.47 t/ha with its maximum of 12.14 t/ha. According to the considered qualitative indicators, there was identified the variety ‘Moskovskaya 39’ with 15.9 % of protein in grain, 34.8 % of gluten in grain, 72.6 u. appr. of IDK, 350 u.a of strength of flour on the alveograph, 72 u.val. of valometric estimation, 1003 cm3 of volumetric yield of bread. The varieties ‘Moskovskaya 56’ and ‘Nemchinovskaya 85’ had quality indicators corresponding to valuable and strong wheat. There was found that the variety ‘Nemchinovskaya 85’ was the most variable over the years of the study (CV 8.0–18.9 %). The strength of flour on the alveograph differed to the greatest extent both according to the factors ‘variety’ and ‘year’ (17.1 %; 15.4 %; 17.6 %). There was identified that the volumetric yield of bread was the least variable indicator (5.5 %; 14.0 %; 8 %). When estimating the correlations, there was established a strong negative relationship between productivity and protein percentage in grain, similar in three varieties, and a mean positive correlation between productivity and IDK.
{"title":"Productivity and grain quality of winter common wheat varieties developed by the “FRC “Nemchinovka”","authors":"B. I. Sandukhadze, R. Mamedov, V. V. Bugrova, M. S. Krakhmaleva, S. V. Sobolev","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-54-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-54-59","url":null,"abstract":"Obtaining wheat grain with good baking qualities is an important part of the food security of the Russian Federation. An important link in the production of grain is the development of winter common wheat varieties, which have genetically determined quality characteristics. FSBSI “FRC “Nemchinovka” is a leading institute for the development of strong and valuable winter wheat varieties. In recent years, the most spread varieties of winter common wheat developed by “Nemchinovska” are ‘Moskovskaya 39’, ‘Moskovskaya 56’ and ‘Nemchinovskaya 85’. The purpose of the current work was to study productivity and quality indicators of these varieties during the with years different weather conditions (according to the Competitive Variety Testing in 2015–2022). The most productive variety is ‘Nemchinovskaya 85’, the mean productivity is 7.35 t/ha, exceeding the standard ‘Moskovskaya 39’ on 1.47 t/ha with its maximum of 12.14 t/ha. According to the considered qualitative indicators, there was identified the variety ‘Moskovskaya 39’ with 15.9 % of protein in grain, 34.8 % of gluten in grain, 72.6 u. appr. of IDK, 350 u.a of strength of flour on the alveograph, 72 u.val. of valometric estimation, 1003 cm3 of volumetric yield of bread. The varieties ‘Moskovskaya 56’ and ‘Nemchinovskaya 85’ had quality indicators corresponding to valuable and strong wheat. There was found that the variety ‘Nemchinovskaya 85’ was the most variable over the years of the study (CV 8.0–18.9 %). The strength of flour on the alveograph differed to the greatest extent both according to the factors ‘variety’ and ‘year’ (17.1 %; 15.4 %; 17.6 %). There was identified that the volumetric yield of bread was the least variable indicator (5.5 %; 14.0 %; 8 %). When estimating the correlations, there was established a strong negative relationship between productivity and protein percentage in grain, similar in three varieties, and a mean positive correlation between productivity and IDK.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46792277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-48-53
P. Kostylev, E. Krasnova, A. Aksenov, М. А. Ladatko, I. А. Zeleneva, B. V. Foliyants
The development of new rice varieties and their fast introduction into production is of great importance for improving productivity and gross grain harvest. In the main rice breeding institutions in Russia (FRC of Rice and “ARC “Donskoy”), there are constantly being developed more productive varieties that are resistant to diseases and stress factors. Each variety has a genetically determined response to differences in the agro-ecological conditions of the area, which affects productivity, and, accordingly, the demand for plant production. The current paper has presented the results of the ecological testing of five rice varieties on the fields of two farms in the Krasnodar Territory in 2021–2022, which demonstrated significant differences in productivity. The results of the ecological testing of rice varieties have shown that the productivity varied significantly depending on the farm, year, forecrop and fertilizer variant in the trials. In the ESP ‘Krasnaya’, on average for 2 years, according to four forecrops and two fertilizer options, the leading variety was ‘Rapan 2’, which produced 8.13 t/ha, the variety ‘Favorit’ was in the second place with 7.59 t/ha, the variety ‘Argamak’ was in the third one with 7.23 t/ha. In the RPZ ‘Krasnoarmeisky’, the variety ‘Argamak’ showed the maximum productivity (8.04 t/ha), sown after rice at a low check, the same productivity with the variety ‘Favorit’ (7.99 t/ha), and larger productivity than that of the variety ‘Rapan 2’ (7.49 t/ha). At a high check, the maximum productivity was formed by the varieties ‘Rapan 2’ (9.05 t/ha) and ‘Favorit’ (8.50 t/ha), and the early-maturing Zernograd variety ‘Virasan’ (8.43 t/ha). The productivity of the studied varieties highly positively correlated with the trait ‘number of spikelets per panicle’ (r = 0.75±0.18), moderately positively correlated with the trait ‘plant height’ (r = 0.47±0.24), ‘panicle length’ (r = 0.40±0.25), ‘number of seeds per panicle’ (r = 0.66±0.20) and ‘seed weight per panicle’ (r = 0.65±0.20). There has been recommended to grow a highly productive rice variety Argamak developed by the ARC “Donskoy” in the Krasnodar Territory.
{"title":"Ecological study of the Zernograd rice varieties in the Kuban floodplain","authors":"P. Kostylev, E. Krasnova, A. Aksenov, М. А. Ladatko, I. А. Zeleneva, B. V. Foliyants","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-48-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-48-53","url":null,"abstract":"The development of new rice varieties and their fast introduction into production is of great importance for improving productivity and gross grain harvest. In the main rice breeding institutions in Russia (FRC of Rice and “ARC “Donskoy”), there are constantly being developed more productive varieties that are resistant to diseases and stress factors. Each variety has a genetically determined response to differences in the agro-ecological conditions of the area, which affects productivity, and, accordingly, the demand for plant production. The current paper has presented the results of the ecological testing of five rice varieties on the fields of two farms in the Krasnodar Territory in 2021–2022, which demonstrated significant differences in productivity. The results of the ecological testing of rice varieties have shown that the productivity varied significantly depending on the farm, year, forecrop and fertilizer variant in the trials. In the ESP ‘Krasnaya’, on average for 2 years, according to four forecrops and two fertilizer options, the leading variety was ‘Rapan 2’, which produced 8.13 t/ha, the variety ‘Favorit’ was in the second place with 7.59 t/ha, the variety ‘Argamak’ was in the third one with 7.23 t/ha. In the RPZ ‘Krasnoarmeisky’, the variety ‘Argamak’ showed the maximum productivity (8.04 t/ha), sown after rice at a low check, the same productivity with the variety ‘Favorit’ (7.99 t/ha), and larger productivity than that of the variety ‘Rapan 2’ (7.49 t/ha). At a high check, the maximum productivity was formed by the varieties ‘Rapan 2’ (9.05 t/ha) and ‘Favorit’ (8.50 t/ha), and the early-maturing Zernograd variety ‘Virasan’ (8.43 t/ha). The productivity of the studied varieties highly positively correlated with the trait ‘number of spikelets per panicle’ (r = 0.75±0.18), moderately positively correlated with the trait ‘plant height’ (r = 0.47±0.24), ‘panicle length’ (r = 0.40±0.25), ‘number of seeds per panicle’ (r = 0.66±0.20) and ‘seed weight per panicle’ (r = 0.65±0.20). There has been recommended to grow a highly productive rice variety Argamak developed by the ARC “Donskoy” in the Krasnodar Territory.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47787984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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