Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.51544/kimia.v6i2.3492
Vivi Purwandari, M. Harahap, L. Zai, Muhammad Arya Mubarakh
The amount of fuel reserves were getting depleted and has created problems with the occurrence of a fuel crisis, which has resulted in higher prices and the economy of the community has been down. Biomass is a renewable alternative fuel source but still has weaknesses, like high water content, low calorific value and low density and the combustion process requires high temperatures. To overcome this problem, biomass can be processed into biopellets with the aim of increasing its density and increasing the quality of combustion. The research was about the processing of cocoa and candlenut shell waste as an alternative fuel in the manufacture of biopellets using tapioca adhesive. The stages of this research include the preparation of raw materials for cocoa shells and candlenut shells ground to a size of 60 mesh and then added with various adhesives of 5%, 10% and 15%, then printed manually and dried in an oven with a temperature of 60oC for ±3 hours. Furthermore, the biopellets were characterized based on the provisions of SNI 8021:2014 which included density, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, calorific value with the most optimum values, respectively, 1.02 g/cm3, 3.14%, 6 ,25%, 64.56%, 26.05% and 4145.6 cal/g. Biopellets were also tested for effectiveness such as fracture strength and combustion rates with values of 0.14% and 0.11 g/min, respectively. Biopellet with the best quality was found in the type of biopellet with a mixture of raw materials 2:1 and using 10% tapioca adhesive.
{"title":"PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH KULIT KAKAO DAN KEMIRI PADA PEMBUATAN BIOPELET SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF","authors":"Vivi Purwandari, M. Harahap, L. Zai, Muhammad Arya Mubarakh","doi":"10.51544/kimia.v6i2.3492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51544/kimia.v6i2.3492","url":null,"abstract":"The amount of fuel reserves were getting depleted and has created problems with the occurrence of a fuel crisis, which has resulted in higher prices and the economy of the community has been down. Biomass is a renewable alternative fuel source but still has weaknesses, like high water content, low calorific value and low density and the combustion process requires high temperatures. To overcome this problem, biomass can be processed into biopellets with the aim of increasing its density and increasing the quality of combustion. The research was about the processing of cocoa and candlenut shell waste as an alternative fuel in the manufacture of biopellets using tapioca adhesive. The stages of this research include the preparation of raw materials for cocoa shells and candlenut shells ground to a size of 60 mesh and then added with various adhesives of 5%, 10% and 15%, then printed manually and dried in an oven with a temperature of 60oC for ±3 hours. Furthermore, the biopellets were characterized based on the provisions of SNI 8021:2014 which included density, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, calorific value with the most optimum values, respectively, 1.02 g/cm3, 3.14%, 6 ,25%, 64.56%, 26.05% and 4145.6 cal/g. Biopellets were also tested for effectiveness such as fracture strength and combustion rates with values of 0.14% and 0.11 g/min, respectively. Biopellet with the best quality was found in the type of biopellet with a mixture of raw materials 2:1 and using 10% tapioca adhesive.","PeriodicalId":332205,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL KIMIA SAINTEK DAN PENDIDIKAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124396012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Telah dilakukan penelitian optimasi pencampuran jerami padi/batang pisang/Polipropilena/polipropilena-grafthing-maleat anhidrat aplikasi papan partikel (particle board) dalam pencampuran tersebut menggunakan PP-g-Mah sebagai bahan perekat dari hasil yang diperoleh ditemukan permukaan yang lebih homogen pada variasi yang optimum (70:40:10:30) dengan berbagai variasi konsentrasi. Permukaan yang lebih homogen memberikan gambaran hasil yang lebih baik dan berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan sifat mekanik yang diperoleh hasil tersebut juga dapat dilihat pada munculnya puncak (C-H bending) pada panjang gelombang (1453,7 cm).
{"title":"MODIFIKASI JERAMI PADI/BATANG PISANG/PP/PP-g-MAH APLIKASI PAPAN PARTIKEL (PARTICLE BOARD)","authors":"Adiansyah, Salomo Sijabat, Hotromasari Dabukke, Putri Aulia","doi":"10.51544/kimia.v6i2.3729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51544/kimia.v6i2.3729","url":null,"abstract":"Telah dilakukan penelitian optimasi pencampuran jerami padi/batang pisang/Polipropilena/polipropilena-grafthing-maleat anhidrat aplikasi papan partikel (particle board) dalam pencampuran tersebut menggunakan PP-g-Mah sebagai bahan perekat dari hasil yang diperoleh ditemukan permukaan yang lebih homogen pada variasi yang optimum (70:40:10:30) dengan berbagai variasi konsentrasi. Permukaan yang lebih homogen memberikan gambaran hasil yang lebih baik dan berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan sifat mekanik yang diperoleh hasil tersebut juga dapat dilihat pada munculnya puncak (C-H bending) pada panjang gelombang (1453,7 cm).","PeriodicalId":332205,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL KIMIA SAINTEK DAN PENDIDIKAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124005898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.51544/kimia.v6i2.3494
Arfiyanti, Dita Ariyanti
Anak dengan stunting memiliki kemampuan verbal dan IQ rendah, disabilitas kognitif, penurunan kemampuan motorik dan gangguan fungsi imunitas. Perlu pemberian makanan tambahan (PMT) sebagai pendamping program suplementasi pemerintah pada ibu hamil untuk meningkatkan status gizi ibu hamil dan mencegah stunting dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas SDM bagi pertahanan negara. Mendapatkan formulasi fortifikasi cookies yang sesuai kebutuhan ibu hamil untuk mencegah stunting. Formulasi cookies berawal dari pembuatan tepung (tempe, kacang hijau, ikan tuna, pisang), dilanjutkan dengan formulasi tepung komposit. Rancangan metode optimasi tepung komposit RSM mixture design D-optimal, menggunakan software Design Expert 7.0 trial (DX 7 trial). Kandungan zat gizi bahan pangan yang digunakan lalu dibandingkan dengan jumlah zat gizi yang ingin ditambahkan. Formula tepung komposit dipilih berdasarkan kandungan gizi dan rasa. Substitusi tepung beras dengan tepung komposit terpilih pada resep standar. Cookies berbentuk bulat, aroma, rasa, warna, kenampakan sesuai SNI01-2891-1992, BUTIR1.2. Kandungan protein, energi, vitamin A, B12, calsium, pospor, iodium, asam folat memenuhi AKG ibu hamil trimester II dan persyaratan BPOM. 70% ibu hamil trimester II menyukai cookies. Cookies ikan tuna dapat digunakan sebagai PMT ibu hamil pendamping program suplementasi pemerintah untuk mencegah stunting 180 HPK.
{"title":"MAKANAN TAMBAHAN IBU HAMIL UNTUK MENCEGAH STUNTING DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS SDM BAGI PERTAHANAN NEGARA","authors":"Arfiyanti, Dita Ariyanti","doi":"10.51544/kimia.v6i2.3494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51544/kimia.v6i2.3494","url":null,"abstract":"Anak dengan stunting memiliki kemampuan verbal dan IQ rendah, disabilitas kognitif, penurunan kemampuan motorik dan gangguan fungsi imunitas. Perlu pemberian makanan tambahan (PMT) sebagai pendamping program suplementasi pemerintah pada ibu hamil untuk meningkatkan status gizi ibu hamil dan mencegah stunting dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas SDM bagi pertahanan negara. Mendapatkan formulasi fortifikasi cookies yang sesuai kebutuhan ibu hamil untuk mencegah stunting. Formulasi cookies berawal dari pembuatan tepung (tempe, kacang hijau, ikan tuna, pisang), dilanjutkan dengan formulasi tepung komposit. Rancangan metode optimasi tepung komposit RSM mixture design D-optimal, menggunakan software Design Expert 7.0 trial (DX 7 trial). Kandungan zat gizi bahan pangan yang digunakan lalu dibandingkan dengan jumlah zat gizi yang ingin ditambahkan. Formula tepung komposit dipilih berdasarkan kandungan gizi dan rasa. Substitusi tepung beras dengan tepung komposit terpilih pada resep standar. Cookies berbentuk bulat, aroma, rasa, warna, kenampakan sesuai SNI01-2891-1992, BUTIR1.2. Kandungan protein, energi, vitamin A, B12, calsium, pospor, iodium, asam folat memenuhi AKG ibu hamil trimester II dan persyaratan BPOM. 70% ibu hamil trimester II menyukai cookies. Cookies ikan tuna dapat digunakan sebagai PMT ibu hamil pendamping program suplementasi pemerintah untuk mencegah stunting 180 HPK.","PeriodicalId":332205,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL KIMIA SAINTEK DAN PENDIDIKAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123307619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.51544/kimia.v6i2.3521
Pevi Riani, Syafrinal, Muhammad Ikhlas Armin
In this study, a modified polyethylene glycol modified cellulose acetate membrane was made. Cellulose acetate was synthesized from cocoa husk waste (Theobroma cacao L) with several steps, namely isolation of alpha cellulose from cocoa husk waste, synthesis of cellulose acetate from alpha cellulose, preparation of 10% cellulose acetate membrane with the addition of polyethylene glycol 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 & 25% . From the results of the research, it was found that the FT-IR analysis of -cellulose from cocoa shells showed an absorption peak at wave numbers between 3400 – 3500 cm-1 which indicated the presence of O-H stretch groups. At wave numbers 2800-2900 cm-1 indicates C-H stretching, then it can be seen at wave numbers 1160 cm-1 indicates C-O-C stretching, and at 1035-1060 cm-1 indicates C-O stretching. In the fingerprint area, we found absorption peaks at wave numbers around 1300 cm-1 which indicated the presence of C-H bending and around 1400 cm-1 indicating the presence of CH2 bending. The cellulose acetate obtained is white and smooth compared to alpha cellulose. At the membrane preparation stage, the results of the insoluble cellulose acetate & PEG using acetone as a solvent. So it is necessary to do a solubility test and find a suitable solvent to form polyethylene glycol modified cellulose acetate membrane for Pb metal ion filtration.
{"title":"PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE ACETATE MEMBRANE FROM COCOA (THEOBROMA CACAO L) SHELL MODIFIED POLYETHYLENE GLICOL FOR PB METAL ION FILTRATION","authors":"Pevi Riani, Syafrinal, Muhammad Ikhlas Armin","doi":"10.51544/kimia.v6i2.3521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51544/kimia.v6i2.3521","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a modified polyethylene glycol modified cellulose acetate membrane was made. Cellulose acetate was synthesized from cocoa husk waste (Theobroma cacao L) with several steps, namely isolation of alpha cellulose from cocoa husk waste, synthesis of cellulose acetate from alpha cellulose, preparation of 10% cellulose acetate membrane with the addition of polyethylene glycol 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 & 25% . From the results of the research, it was found that the FT-IR analysis of -cellulose from cocoa shells showed an absorption peak at wave numbers between 3400 – 3500 cm-1 which indicated the presence of O-H stretch groups. At wave numbers 2800-2900 cm-1 indicates C-H stretching, then it can be seen at wave numbers 1160 cm-1 indicates C-O-C stretching, and at 1035-1060 cm-1 indicates C-O stretching. In the fingerprint area, we found absorption peaks at wave numbers around 1300 cm-1 which indicated the presence of C-H bending and around 1400 cm-1 indicating the presence of CH2 bending. The cellulose acetate obtained is white and smooth compared to alpha cellulose. At the membrane preparation stage, the results of the insoluble cellulose acetate & PEG using acetone as a solvent. So it is necessary to do a solubility test and find a suitable solvent to form polyethylene glycol modified cellulose acetate membrane for Pb metal ion filtration.","PeriodicalId":332205,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL KIMIA SAINTEK DAN PENDIDIKAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132879173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.51544/kimia.v6i2.3515
Vierto Irennius Girsang, Apriani Novaria Barus, Johansen Hutajulu, L. Siregar
Using pesticides can decrease the population of organisms in plants. A pesticide which the work of cholinesterase enzyme in the body is oregano phosphate; it also has a side effect on the decrease in cholinesterase content. The research used a cross-sectional design which was aimed to find out the influence of using pesticides on the decrease in blood cholinesterase content in farmers who spray their plants with pesticides at Desa Cikaok, Kecamatan Sitellu Talli Urang Julu, Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat. The samples were farmers who sprayed their plants with pesticides. Chi Square statistic test was used to find out the variables which probably decrease in cholinesterase content at p,0,05. It was found that 26,7% of the respondents underwent a normal decrease in cholinesterase content, and 73,3% of the respondents underwent an abnormal decrease. Statistically, there was a significant correlation between the length of spraying pesticides with the decrease in cholinesterase content in the blood of farmers who sprayed their plants with pesticides at Desa Cikaok at p-value = 0,678. It is recommended that the farmers lessen the duration of spraying in order to reduce the risk of exposure to pesticides and use personal protective devices such as gloves, hats masks, glasses, uniforms, and shoes. The regional government should provide protection, counseling, and training about the procedure of using pesticides in order to forestall the incidence of illness in the farmers who sprayed their plants with pesticides.
使用杀虫剂可以减少植物中生物的数量。一种体内胆碱酯酶作用为牛至磷酸盐的农药;对胆碱酯酶含量的降低也有副作用。本研究采用横断设计，目的是找出使用农药对在Desa Cikaok、Kecamatan Sitellu Talli Urang Julu、Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat喷洒农药的农民血液胆碱酯酶含量降低的影响。这些样本是给他们的植物喷洒杀虫剂的农民。采用x方统计检验找出可能降低胆碱酯酶含量的变量，p < 0.05。结果发现，26.7%的应答者胆碱酯酶含量正常下降，73.3%的应答者胆碱酯酶含量异常下降。在统计上，施药时间的长短与施药农民血液中胆碱酯酶含量的下降有显著的相关性，p值= 0.678。建议农民缩短喷洒时间，以减少接触农药的风险，并使用个人防护设备，如手套、帽子、口罩、眼镜、制服和鞋子。地方政府应该提供保护、咨询和关于使用杀虫剂程序的培训，以防止给他们的植物喷洒杀虫剂的农民生病。
{"title":"PENGGUNAAN PESTISIDA DAN KADAR CHOLINESTRASE PADA PETANI PENYEMPROT","authors":"Vierto Irennius Girsang, Apriani Novaria Barus, Johansen Hutajulu, L. Siregar","doi":"10.51544/kimia.v6i2.3515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51544/kimia.v6i2.3515","url":null,"abstract":"Using pesticides can decrease the population of organisms in plants. A pesticide which the work of cholinesterase enzyme in the body is oregano phosphate; it also has a side effect on the decrease in cholinesterase content. The research used a cross-sectional design which was aimed to find out the influence of using pesticides on the decrease in blood cholinesterase content in farmers who spray their plants with pesticides at Desa Cikaok, Kecamatan Sitellu Talli Urang Julu, Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat. The samples were farmers who sprayed their plants with pesticides. Chi Square statistic test was used to find out the variables which probably decrease in cholinesterase content at p,0,05. It was found that 26,7% of the respondents underwent a normal decrease in cholinesterase content, and 73,3% of the respondents underwent an abnormal decrease. Statistically, there was a significant correlation between the length of spraying pesticides with the decrease in cholinesterase content in the blood of farmers who sprayed their plants with pesticides at Desa Cikaok at p-value = 0,678. It is recommended that the farmers lessen the duration of spraying in order to reduce the risk of exposure to pesticides and use personal protective devices such as gloves, hats masks, glasses, uniforms, and shoes. The regional government should provide protection, counseling, and training about the procedure of using pesticides in order to forestall the incidence of illness in the farmers who sprayed their plants with pesticides.","PeriodicalId":332205,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL KIMIA SAINTEK DAN PENDIDIKAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129315836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-24DOI: 10.51544/kimia.v6i1.3012
Maria Peratenta Sembiring, Desi Heltina, Chairul Chairul, Zulfansyah Zulfansyah
Functioning industrial waste as raw material or as a product is an achievement that will continue to be optimized, especially in industries where the amount of waste is significant. Pulp and paper mills produce waste in the form of solid, sludge, liquid and gas. The objective of this research is to extract the element ferrum contained in one of the solid wastes in pulp and paper mills. By using two fatty amine extractor, lauryl amine and stearyl amine with ethanol and n-hexane as solvents. The results showed that the use of stearyl amine as an extractor and n-hexane as a solvent with operating conditions of 4 hours and a dose of 5 grams gave the best results with an extraction yield of 10,964 mg/kg.
{"title":"EKSTRAKSI UNSUR FERRUM DARI LIMBAH PADAT PABRIK PULP DAN KERTAS","authors":"Maria Peratenta Sembiring, Desi Heltina, Chairul Chairul, Zulfansyah Zulfansyah","doi":"10.51544/kimia.v6i1.3012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51544/kimia.v6i1.3012","url":null,"abstract":"Functioning industrial waste as raw material or as a product is an achievement that will continue to be optimized, especially in industries where the amount of waste is significant. Pulp and paper mills produce waste in the form of solid, sludge, liquid and gas. The objective of this research is to extract the element ferrum contained in one of the solid wastes in pulp and paper mills. By using two fatty amine extractor, lauryl amine and stearyl amine with ethanol and n-hexane as solvents. The results showed that the use of stearyl amine as an extractor and n-hexane as a solvent with operating conditions of 4 hours and a dose of 5 grams gave the best results with an extraction yield of 10,964 mg/kg.","PeriodicalId":332205,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL KIMIA SAINTEK DAN PENDIDIKAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116543945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-24DOI: 10.51544/kimia.v6i1.2978
M. Harahap, L. Zai
In this research, cellulose acetate fiber was produced by electrospinning method. Cellulose acetate was dissolved with acetone solvent and then putin to a cooling system torestrain the rate of evaporation of cellulose acetate. The conductivity and evaporation rate of the cellulose acetate solution were tested, and the cellulose acetate fiber sproduced were tested using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The conductivity of the cellulose acetate solutionwas 3.45 S/cm at 15oC and almost doubled at 22oC. The cooling system test was ableto maintain the temperature of the cellulose acetate solution at 15 oC for approximately 2 minutes. In addition, bead fibers are produced due to their low conductivity.
{"title":"PRODUKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOSERAT SELULOSA ASETAT DENGAN METODE ELEKTROSPINING","authors":"M. Harahap, L. Zai","doi":"10.51544/kimia.v6i1.2978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51544/kimia.v6i1.2978","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, cellulose acetate fiber was produced by electrospinning method. Cellulose acetate was dissolved with acetone solvent and then putin to a cooling system torestrain the rate of evaporation of cellulose acetate. The conductivity and evaporation rate of the cellulose acetate solution were tested, and the cellulose acetate fiber sproduced were tested using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The conductivity of the cellulose acetate solutionwas 3.45 S/cm at 15oC and almost doubled at 22oC. The cooling system test was ableto maintain the temperature of the cellulose acetate solution at 15 oC for approximately 2 minutes. In addition, bead fibers are produced due to their low conductivity.","PeriodicalId":332205,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL KIMIA SAINTEK DAN PENDIDIKAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125105580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-24DOI: 10.51544/kimia.v6i1.2975
Indra Surya, Vivi Purwandari, Ani Khodijah
In one coal combustion process, about 80% of fly ash is produced and the rest is bottom ash, which is around 20%. The main components of coal fly ash originating from power plants are silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), and iron oxide (Fe2O3), the rest are carbon, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. Silica is one of the most dominant components of fly ash. Hydrogels obtained without fillers still have a Swelling capacity that is not maximized, it is necessary to process hydrogels with high absorption capabilities. One of the methods used to increase the absorption of hydrogels is to add silica as a voice filler. This study aims to determine the effect of 10, 20, 30, and 40% silica content from coal fly ash as a filler for bacterial cellulose-based hydrogels. Silica was obtained by extracting sodium silicate solution from fly ash followed by the manufacture of silica gel using 3N H2SO4. The resulting silica gel is added to the hydrogel manufacturing process. Hydrogel with silica as a filler which produces water absorption, FTIR, and SEM. The test results show that the silica content of 20% has the highest water absorption capacity of 1290%. With the concentration used, silica precipitation will produce a sharper silica peak in the FTIR results. SEM analysis with the addition of silica with bacterial cellulose produces pores on the HSB surface which can absorb air more quickly. The pores on the surface of the HSB affect the water absorption capacity (hydrophilicity) to increase. The addition of silica precipitated from fly ash waste as a filler in Bacterial Cellulose Hydrogel (HSB) was able to increase the Swelling capacity of HSB
{"title":"PENGARUH KADAR SILIKA DARI FLY ASH BATU BARA SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGISI HIDROGEL BERBAHAN DASAR SELULOSA BAKTERI (HSB)","authors":"Indra Surya, Vivi Purwandari, Ani Khodijah","doi":"10.51544/kimia.v6i1.2975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51544/kimia.v6i1.2975","url":null,"abstract":"In one coal combustion process, about 80% of fly ash is produced and the rest is bottom ash, which is around 20%. The main components of coal fly ash originating from power plants are silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), and iron oxide (Fe2O3), the rest are carbon, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. Silica is one of the most dominant components of fly ash. Hydrogels obtained without fillers still have a Swelling capacity that is not maximized, it is necessary to process hydrogels with high absorption capabilities. One of the methods used to increase the absorption of hydrogels is to add silica as a voice filler. This study aims to determine the effect of 10, 20, 30, and 40% silica content from coal fly ash as a filler for bacterial cellulose-based hydrogels. Silica was obtained by extracting sodium silicate solution from fly ash followed by the manufacture of silica gel using 3N H2SO4. The resulting silica gel is added to the hydrogel manufacturing process. Hydrogel with silica as a filler which produces water absorption, FTIR, and SEM. The test results show that the silica content of 20% has the highest water absorption capacity of 1290%. With the concentration used, silica precipitation will produce a sharper silica peak in the FTIR results. SEM analysis with the addition of silica with bacterial cellulose produces pores on the HSB surface which can absorb air more quickly. The pores on the surface of the HSB affect the water absorption capacity (hydrophilicity) to increase. The addition of silica precipitated from fly ash waste as a filler in Bacterial Cellulose Hydrogel (HSB) was able to increase the Swelling capacity of HSB","PeriodicalId":332205,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL KIMIA SAINTEK DAN PENDIDIKAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125926348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-24DOI: 10.51544/kimia.v6i1.2973
Dyna Grace Romatua Aruan, M. Siahaan
Amphetamines called alpha-methyl-phenethylamine, beta-phenyl-isopropylamine, or benzedrine are a class of simulants used to treat hyperactivity disorder due to inattention in adults and children. Methamphetamine is a drug that belongs to the amphetamine class. It works the same way as amphetamine can increase alertness, concentration, and when taken at high doses can cause euphoria. In general, marijuana is used through cigarettes, including the hallucinogenic drug group and class 1 drugs. The harmful impact of drugs on adolescents and especially for students is that drug use can cause negative effects that will cause mental and behavioral disturbances in a person, resulting in disruption of the neuro-transmitter system in the brain. nerves in the brain. Amphetamine and methampetamine levels were lowest in stems, roots and seeds, while the highest levels were found in flowers, sap and leaves. The type of research carried out is a qualitative analysis with the method of examining samples using ICT (Imunochromatography Test) with amphetamine and methamphetamine strips/sticks. The population in this study were 15 students of class XI SMA "X". The research conducted, took all the urine of class XI students. The urine collection process was carried out at the "X" School and then examined directly at the Science Laboratory in March 2022. The results of the overall urine sample examination were negative for amphetamine and methampetamine.
{"title":"IDENTIFIKASI AMPHETAMINE, METHAMPETAMINE DALAM URINE SISWA SMA “X” METODE STRIP STICK","authors":"Dyna Grace Romatua Aruan, M. Siahaan","doi":"10.51544/kimia.v6i1.2973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51544/kimia.v6i1.2973","url":null,"abstract":"Amphetamines called alpha-methyl-phenethylamine, beta-phenyl-isopropylamine, or benzedrine are a class of simulants used to treat hyperactivity disorder due to inattention in adults and children. Methamphetamine is a drug that belongs to the amphetamine class. It works the same way as amphetamine can increase alertness, concentration, and when taken at high doses can cause euphoria. In general, marijuana is used through cigarettes, including the hallucinogenic drug group and class 1 drugs. The harmful impact of drugs on adolescents and especially for students is that drug use can cause negative effects that will cause mental and behavioral disturbances in a person, resulting in disruption of the neuro-transmitter system in the brain. nerves in the brain. Amphetamine and methampetamine levels were lowest in stems, roots and seeds, while the highest levels were found in flowers, sap and leaves. The type of research carried out is a qualitative analysis with the method of examining samples using ICT (Imunochromatography Test) with amphetamine and methamphetamine strips/sticks. The population in this study were 15 students of class XI SMA \"X\". The research conducted, took all the urine of class XI students. The urine collection process was carried out at the \"X\" School and then examined directly at the Science Laboratory in March 2022. The results of the overall urine sample examination were negative for amphetamine and methampetamine.","PeriodicalId":332205,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL KIMIA SAINTEK DAN PENDIDIKAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115026651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-24DOI: 10.51544/kimia.v6i1.2976
Aulia Prasetia, Sri Ismulyati, Rizki Damayanti
A research has been carried out with the theme "Implementation of CTL-Based Worksheets on Material Changes to Increase Student Learning Motivation in Package B during the Covid-19 Period at SPNF Banda Aceh City". This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the application of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL)-based LKS on material changes used in SPNF SKB Banda Aceh and to determine student responses to the application of Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL)-based LKS on material changes in SPNF SKB. Banda Aceh City. The benefits of this research are for students, the LKS Module can be used as a learning resource, so that it can increase interest in learning chemistry, and can relate the material to the surrounding environment; For teachers, the LKS Module can be used as teaching materials to assist teachers in creating interesting and interactive learning situations; For schools, this research is expected to contribute to improving the conditions of chemistry learning so that it can create a better quality of education in the future. In this research, the method of observation, test (pre-test and post-test) and questionnaire. The results of this study indicate a positive response as evidenced by the data generated.
{"title":"PENERAPAN LKS BERBASIS CTL PADA PERUBAHAN MATERI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA PAKET B DI MASA COVID – 19 PADA SPNF KOTA BANDA ACEH","authors":"Aulia Prasetia, Sri Ismulyati, Rizki Damayanti","doi":"10.51544/kimia.v6i1.2976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51544/kimia.v6i1.2976","url":null,"abstract":"A research has been carried out with the theme \"Implementation of CTL-Based Worksheets on Material Changes to Increase Student Learning Motivation in Package B during the Covid-19 Period at SPNF Banda Aceh City\". This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the application of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL)-based LKS on material changes used in SPNF SKB Banda Aceh and to determine student responses to the application of Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL)-based LKS on material changes in SPNF SKB. Banda Aceh City. The benefits of this research are for students, the LKS Module can be used as a learning resource, so that it can increase interest in learning chemistry, and can relate the material to the surrounding environment; For teachers, the LKS Module can be used as teaching materials to assist teachers in creating interesting and interactive learning situations; For schools, this research is expected to contribute to improving the conditions of chemistry learning so that it can create a better quality of education in the future. In this research, the method of observation, test (pre-test and post-test) and questionnaire. The results of this study indicate a positive response as evidenced by the data generated.","PeriodicalId":332205,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL KIMIA SAINTEK DAN PENDIDIKAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126700930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：