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The impact of pedagogical beliefs on the adoption of generative AI in higher education: predictive model from UTAUT2. 教学信念对高等教育中采用生成式人工智能的影响:UTAUT2 的预测模型。
IF 3 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-17 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2024.1497705
Julio Cabero-Almenara, Antonio Palacios-Rodríguez, María Isabel Loaiza-Aguirre, Paola Salomé Andrade-Abarca

Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd) offers advanced tools that can personalize learning experiences and enhance teachers' research capabilities. This paper explores the beliefs of 425 university teachers regarding the integration of generative AI in educational settings, utilizing the UTAUT2 model to predict their acceptance and usage patterns through the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. The findings indicate that performance expectations, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and hedonic motivation all positively impact the intention and behavior related to the use of AIEd. Notably, the study reveals that teachers with constructivist pedagogical beliefs are more inclined to adopt AIEd, underscoring the significance of considering teachers' attitudes and motivations for the effective integration of technology in education. This research provides valuable insights into the factors influencing teachers' decisions to embrace AIEd, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of technology integration in educational contexts. Moreover, the study's results emphasize the critical role of teachers' pedagogical orientations in their acceptance and utilization of AI technologies. Constructivist educators, who emphasize student-centered learning and active engagement, are shown to be more receptive to incorporating AIEd tools compared to their transmissive counterparts, who focus on direct instruction and information dissemination. This distinction highlights the need for tailored professional development programs that address the specific beliefs and needs of different teaching philosophies. Furthermore, the study's comprehensive approach, considering various dimensions of the UTAUT2 model, offers a robust framework for analyzing technology acceptance in education.

教育领域的人工智能(AIEd)提供了先进的工具,可以个性化学习体验,提高教师的研究能力。本文利用UTAUT2模型,通过偏最小二乘法(PLS)预测了425名大学教师对将生成式人工智能融入教育环境的看法。研究结果表明,绩效预期、努力预期、社会影响、便利条件和享乐动机都会对使用人工智能教育的意向和行为产生积极影响。值得注意的是,研究显示,具有建构主义教学信念的教师更倾向于采用人工智能教育技术,这突出了考虑教师的态度和动机对有效整合教育技术的重要意义。这项研究对影响教师决定采用人工智能教育的因素提供了宝贵的见解,从而有助于加深对教育环境中技术整合的理解。此外,研究结果还强调了教师的教学取向对他们接受和使用人工智能技术的关键作用。建构主义教育者强调以学生为中心的学习和主动参与,与注重直接教学和信息传播的传授型教育者相比,他们更容易接受人工智能教育工具。这种区别凸显了针对不同教学理念的具体信念和需求而量身定制专业发展计划的必要性。此外,本研究的综合方法考虑了UTAUT2模型的各个维度,为分析教育领域的技术接受度提供了一个强有力的框架。
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引用次数: 0
The potential of Logistics 4.0 technologies: a case study through business intelligence framing by applying the Delphi method. 物流 4.0 技术的潜力:应用德尔菲法通过商业智能框架进行的案例研究。
IF 3 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-17 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2024.1469958
Joaquim Jorge Vicente, Lurdes Neves, Inês Bernardo

Introduction: The growing competitiveness and the importance of data availability for organizations have created a demand for intelligent information systems capable of analyzing data to support strategy and decision-making. Organizations are generating more and more data due to new technologies associated with Industry 4.0 and Logistics 4.0, making it essential to transform this data into relevant information to streamline decision-making processes. This paper examines the influence of these technologies on gaining a competitive advantage, specifically in a logistics company, which is scarce in the literature.

Methods: A case study was conducted in a Portuguese company using the Delphi method with 61 participants-employees who use the company's integrated BI tool daily. The participants were presented with a questionnaire via the online platform Welphi, requiring qualitative responses to various statements based on the literature review and the results of semi-structured meetings with the company.

Results: The study aimed to identify areas where employees believe more investment/ development is needed to optimize processes and improve the use of the BI tool in the future. The results indicate that BI is a crucial technology when aligned with a company's objectives and needs, highlighting the necessity of top management's involvement in optimizing the BI tool. Encouraging employees to use the BI tool emerged as a significant factor, underscoring the importance of leadership in innovative projects to achieve greater competitive advantage for the company.

Discussion: This study aims to understand the importance of Business Intelligence (BI) and how its functionalities should be adapted according to a company's strategy and objectives to optimize decision-making processes. Thereby, the discussion focused on the essential role of BI technologies in leveraging the company's competitive advantage.

导言:企业的竞争力不断增强,数据可用性对企业的重要性日益凸显,这就对能够分析数据以支持战略和决策的智能信息系统产生了需求。由于与工业 4.0 和物流 4.0 相关的新技术的出现,企业正在生成越来越多的数据,因此将这些数据转化为相关信息以简化决策流程至关重要。本文研究了这些技术对获得竞争优势的影响,特别是对物流公司的影响,这在文献中很少见:方法:采用德尔菲法在一家葡萄牙公司进行了案例研究,共有 61 名参与者,他们都是每天使用公司综合商业智能工具的员工。参与者通过 Welphi 在线平台接受问卷调查,要求对基于文献综述和公司半结构化会议结果的各种陈述做出定性回答:研究旨在确定员工认为今后需要在哪些领域进行更多投资/开发,以优化流程并改进商业智能工具的使用。研究结果表明,如果与公司的目标和需求相一致,商业智能是一项至关重要的技术,这凸显了高层管理人员参与优化商业智能工具的必要性。鼓励员工使用商业智能工具也是一个重要因素,这凸显了领导力在创新项目中的重要性,从而为公司带来更大的竞争优势:本研究旨在了解商业智能(BI)的重要性,以及应如何根据公司战略和目标调整其功能,以优化决策过程。因此,讨论的重点是商业智能技术在利用公司竞争优势方面的重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Intrinsic motivation in cognitive architecture: intellectual curiosity originated from pattern discovery. 认知结构的内在动力:源于模式发现的求知欲。
IF 3 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-17 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2024.1397860
Kazuma Nagashima, Junya Morita, Yugo Takeuchi

Studies on reinforcement learning have developed the representation of curiosity, which is a type of intrinsic motivation that leads to high performance in a certain type of tasks. However, these studies have not thoroughly examined the internal cognitive mechanisms leading to this performance. In contrast to this previous framework, we propose a mechanism of intrinsic motivation focused on pattern discovery from the perspective of human cognition. This study deals with intellectual curiosity as a type of intrinsic motivation, which finds novel compressible patterns in the data. We represented the process of continuation and boredom of tasks driven by intellectual curiosity using "pattern matching," "utility," and "production compilation," which are general functions of the adaptive control of thought-rational (ACT-R) architecture. We implemented three ACT-R models with different levels of thinking to navigate multiple mazes of different sizes in simulations, manipulating the intensity of intellectual curiosity. The results indicate that intellectual curiosity negatively affects task completion rates in models with lower levels of thinking, while positively impacting models with higher levels of thinking. In addition, comparisons with a model developed by a conventional framework of reinforcement learning (intrinsic curiosity module: ICM) indicate the advantage of representing the agent's intention toward a goal in the proposed mechanism. In summary, the reported models, developed using functions linked to a general cognitive architecture, can contribute to our understanding of intrinsic motivation within the broader context of human innovation driven by pattern discovery.

关于强化学习的研究已经发展了好奇心的表征,好奇心是一种内在动机,会导致在某类任务中取得优异成绩。然而,这些研究并没有深入研究导致这种表现的内在认知机制。与以往的研究框架不同,我们从人类认知的角度出发,提出了一种以模式发现为核心的内在动机机制。本研究将求知欲作为内在动机的一种,它能从数据中发现新颖的可压缩模式。我们用 "模式匹配"、"效用 "和 "生产编译 "来表示求知欲驱动的任务的持续和厌倦过程,这些都是思维理性自适应控制(ACT-R)架构的一般功能。我们在模拟中实施了三种具有不同思维水平的 ACT-R 模型,通过操纵求知欲的强度来浏览多个不同大小的迷宫。结果表明,在思维水平较低的模型中,求知欲会对任务完成率产生负面影响,而在思维水平较高的模型中,求知欲则会对任务完成率产生正面影响。此外,与传统强化学习框架(内在好奇心模块:ICM)所开发的模型进行的比较表明,在所提出的机制中代表代理对目标的意图具有优势。总之,所报告的模型是利用与一般认知架构相关联的功能开发的,有助于我们在由模式发现驱动的人类创新的大背景下理解内在动机。
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引用次数: 0
A review on the efficacy of artificial intelligence for managing anxiety disorders. 人工智能管理焦虑症疗效综述。
IF 3 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-16 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2024.1435895
K P Das, P Gavade

Anxiety disorders are psychiatric conditions characterized by prolonged and generalized anxiety experienced by individuals in response to various events or situations. At present, anxiety disorders are regarded as the most widespread psychiatric disorders globally. Medication and different types of psychotherapies are employed as the primary therapeutic modalities in clinical practice for the treatment of anxiety disorders. However, combining these two approaches is known to yield more significant benefits than medication alone. Nevertheless, there is a lack of resources and a limited availability of psychotherapy options in underdeveloped areas. Psychotherapy methods encompass relaxation techniques, controlled breathing exercises, visualization exercises, controlled exposure exercises, and cognitive interventions such as challenging negative thoughts. These methods are vital in the treatment of anxiety disorders, but executing them proficiently can be demanding. Moreover, individuals with distinct anxiety disorders are prescribed medications that may cause withdrawal symptoms in some instances. Additionally, there is inadequate availability of face-to-face psychotherapy and a restricted capacity to predict and monitor the health, behavioral, and environmental aspects of individuals with anxiety disorders during the initial phases. In recent years, there has been notable progress in developing and utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) based applications and environments to improve the precision and sensitivity of diagnosing and treating various categories of anxiety disorders. As a result, this study aims to establish the efficacy of AI-enabled environments in addressing the existing challenges in managing anxiety disorders, reducing reliance on medication, and investigating the potential advantages, issues, and opportunities of integrating AI-assisted healthcare for anxiety disorders and enabling personalized therapy.

焦虑症是一种精神疾病,其特点是患者在面对各种事件或情况时会产生长期和普遍的焦虑。目前,焦虑症被认为是全球最普遍的精神疾病。在临床实践中,药物治疗和不同类型的心理治疗是治疗焦虑症的主要方法。然而,众所周知,将这两种方法结合起来会比单独使用药物治疗产生更显著的疗效。然而,欠发达地区资源匮乏,可供选择的心理疗法有限。心理治疗方法包括放松技巧、控制呼吸练习、可视化练习、控制暴露练习和认知干预,如挑战消极想法。这些方法对焦虑症的治疗至关重要,但要熟练地执行这些方法却要求很高。此外,焦虑症患者会被处方药物,在某些情况下可能会出现戒断症状。此外,面对面的心理治疗不够普及,在初期阶段预测和监测焦虑症患者的健康、行为和环境方面的能力也受到限制。近年来,在开发和利用基于人工智能(AI)的应用程序和环境以提高诊断和治疗各类焦虑症的精确度和灵敏度方面取得了显著进展。因此,本研究旨在确定人工智能环境在应对现有焦虑症管理挑战方面的功效,减少对药物治疗的依赖,并调查整合人工智能辅助焦虑症医疗保健和实现个性化治疗的潜在优势、问题和机遇。
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引用次数: 0
Large language models for whole-learner support: opportunities and challenges. 用于全学习者支持的大型语言模型:机遇与挑战。
IF 3 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-15 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2024.1460364
Amogh Mannekote, Adam Davies, Juan D Pinto, Shan Zhang, Daniel Olds, Noah L Schroeder, Blair Lehman, Diego Zapata-Rivera, ChengXiang Zhai

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have seen rapid advancement and adoption, and are increasingly being used in educational contexts. In this perspective article, we explore the open challenge of leveraging LLMs to create personalized learning environments that support the "whole learner" by modeling and adapting to both cognitive and non-cognitive characteristics. We identify three key challenges toward this vision: (1) improving the interpretability of LLMs' representations of whole learners, (2) implementing adaptive technologies that can leverage such representations to provide tailored pedagogical support, and (3) authoring and evaluating LLM-based educational agents. For interpretability, we discuss approaches for explaining LLM behaviors in terms of their internal representations of learners; for adaptation, we examine how LLMs can be used to provide context-aware feedback and scaffold non-cognitive skills through natural language interactions; and for authoring, we highlight the opportunities and challenges involved in using natural language instructions to specify behaviors of educational agents. Addressing these challenges will enable personalized AI tutors that can enhance learning by accounting for each student's unique background, abilities, motivations, and socioemotional needs.

近年来,大型语言模型(LLMs)得到了快速发展和采用,并越来越多地应用于教育领域。在这篇视角文章中,我们探讨了如何利用 LLMs 创建个性化学习环境,通过对认知和非认知特征进行建模和调整,为 "整个学习者 "提供支持这一公开挑战。我们确定了实现这一愿景的三个关键挑战:(1) 提高 LLM 对整个学习者的表征的可解释性;(2) 实施可利用此类表征提供定制教学支持的自适应技术;(3) 编写和评估基于 LLM 的教育代理。在可解释性方面,我们讨论了根据学习者的内部表征来解释 LLM 行为的方法;在适应性方面,我们研究了如何利用 LLM 通过自然语言交互来提供情境感知反馈和非认知技能支架;在创作方面,我们强调了使用自然语言指令来指定教育代理行为所涉及的机遇和挑战。应对这些挑战将使个性化人工智能导师能够通过考虑每个学生的独特背景、能力、动机和社会情感需求来提高学习效果。
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引用次数: 0
A novel framework for automated warehouse layout generation. 自动生成仓库布局的新型框架。
IF 3 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-15 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2024.1465186
Atefeh Shahroudnejad, Payam Mousavi, Oleksii Perepelytsia, Sahir, David Staszak, Matthew E Taylor, Brent Bawel

Optimizing warehouse layouts is crucial due to its significant impact on efficiency and productivity. We present an AI-driven framework for automated warehouse layout generation. This framework employs constrained beam search to derive optimal layouts within given spatial parameters, adhering to all functional requirements. The feasibility of the generated layouts is verified based on criteria such as item accessibility, required minimum clearances, and aisle connectivity. A scoring function is then used to evaluate the feasible layouts considering the number of storage locations, access points, and accessibility costs. We demonstrate our method's ability to produce feasible, optimal layouts for a variety of warehouse dimensions and shapes, diverse door placements, and interconnections. This approach, currently being prepared for deployment, will enable human designers to rapidly explore and confirm options, facilitating the selection of the most appropriate layout for their use-case.

优化仓库布局对效率和生产率有重大影响,因此至关重要。我们提出了一种人工智能驱动的自动仓库布局生成框架。该框架采用约束波束搜索,在给定的空间参数内生成最优布局,同时满足所有功能要求。生成布局的可行性根据物品可及性、所需最小间隙和通道连通性等标准进行验证。然后,考虑到存储位置、存取点和存取成本的数量,使用评分函数对可行布局进行评估。我们展示了我们的方法能够为各种仓库尺寸和形状、不同的门位置和相互连接产生可行的最佳布局。这种方法目前正准备投入使用,它将使人类设计师能够快速探索和确认各种选项,从而为他们选择最合适的布局方案提供便利。
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引用次数: 0
Forecasting air passenger traffic and market share using deep neural networks with multiple inputs and outputs. 利用具有多输入和输出的深度神经网络预测航空客运量和市场份额。
IF 3 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-10 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2024.1429341
Nahid Jafari, Martin Lewison

Introduction: In this study, we address the challenge of accurate time series forecasting of air passenger demand using historical market demand data from the U.S. commercial aviation industry in the 21st century. Commercial aviation is a major contributor to the U.S. economy, directly or indirectly generating ~US$1.37 trillion annually, or 5% of annual GDP, and supporting more than 10 million jobs (Airlines for America, 2024). Over 1 billion passengers flew through U.S. airports in 2023 (Bureau of Transportation Statistics, 2024a). Using multiple correlated time series inputs predicts future values of multiple interrelated time series and leverages their mutual dependencies to enhance accuracy.

Methods: In this study, we introduce a two-stage algorithm employing a deep neural network for correlated time series forecasting, addressing scenarios where multiple input variables are interrelated. This approach is designed to capture the influence that one time series can exert on another, thereby enhancing prediction accuracy by leveraging these interdependencies. In the first stage, we fit four Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) models to generate accurate univariate forecasts, each functioning as a single input-output model to predict aggregated market demand. The Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model was the top performer for our dataset overall. In the second stage, we apply the best fitted model (GRU Model) from Stage 1 to each individual competitor (disaggregated from the market) and then merge all input tensors using the Concatenate function.

Results and discussion: We hope to contribute to the relevant body of knowledge with a deep neural network framework for forecasting market share among competitors in the U.S. commercial aviation industry, as no similar approach has been documented in the literature. Given the importance of the industry, there is potentially great value in applying sophisticated forecasting techniques to achieve accurate predictions of air passenger demand. Moreover, these techniques may have wider applications and can potentially be employed in other contexts.

导言:在本研究中,我们利用 21 世纪美国商业航空业的历史市场需求数据,解决了准确预测航空客运需求时间序列的难题。商业航空是美国经济的主要贡献者,每年直接或间接创造约 1.37 万亿美元的产值,占年度 GDP 的 5%,并提供超过 1000 万个工作岗位(Airlines for America,2024 年)。2023 年,超过 10 亿乘客飞经美国机场(运输统计局,2024a)。使用多个相关时间序列输入可预测多个相互关联的时间序列的未来值,并利用它们之间的相互依赖性来提高准确性:在本研究中,我们介绍了一种采用深度神经网络进行相关时间序列预测的两阶段算法,以应对多个输入变量相互关联的情况。这种方法旨在捕捉一个时间序列对另一个时间序列的影响,从而利用这些相互依存关系提高预测准确性。在第一阶段,我们拟合了四个循环神经网络(RNN)模型来生成准确的单变量预测,每个模型都作为一个单一的输入输出模型来预测总体市场需求。在我们的数据集中,门控递归单元(GRU)模型整体表现最佳。在第二阶段,我们将第一阶段的最佳拟合模型(GRU 模型)应用于每个竞争者(从市场中分解),然后使用 Concatenate 函数合并所有输入张量:我们希望通过深度神经网络框架预测美国商业航空业竞争者之间的市场份额,为相关知识体系做出贡献,因为文献中还没有类似的方法。鉴于该行业的重要性,应用复杂的预测技术来实现对航空客运需求的准确预测具有潜在的巨大价值。此外,这些技术可能具有更广泛的应用,并有可能在其他情况下使用。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting clinical trial success for Clostridium difficile infections based on preclinical data. 根据临床前数据预测艰难梭菌感染临床试验的成功率。
IF 3 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2024.1487335
Fangzhou Li, Jason Youn, Christian Millsop, Ilias Tagkopoulos

Preclinical models are ubiquitous and essential for drug discovery, yet our understanding of how well they translate to clinical outcomes is limited. In this study, we investigate the translational success of treatments for Clostridium difficile infection from animal models to human patients. Our analysis shows that only 36% of the preclinical and clinical experiment pairs result in translation success. Univariate analysis shows that the sustained response endpoint is correlated with translation failure (SRC = -0.20, p-value = 1.53 × 10-54), and explainability analysis of multi-variate random forest models shows that both sustained response endpoint and subject age are negative predictors of translation success. We have developed a recommendation system to help plan the right preclinical study given factors such as drug dosage, bacterial dosage, and preclinical/clinical endpoint. With an accuracy of 0.76 (F1 score of 0.71) and by using only 7 features (out of 68 total), the proposed system boosts translational efficiency by 25%. The method presented can extend to any disease and can serve as a preclinical to clinical translation decision support system to accelerate drug discovery and de-risk clinical outcomes.

临床前模型无处不在,对药物发现至关重要,但我们对这些模型如何转化为临床结果的了解却很有限。在这项研究中,我们调查了艰难梭菌感染治疗方法从动物模型到人类患者的转化成功率。我们的分析表明,只有 36% 的临床前和临床实验配对取得了转化成功。单变量分析表明,持续反应终点与转化失败相关(SRC = -0.20,p 值 = 1.53 × 10-54),多变量随机森林模型的可解释性分析表明,持续反应终点和受试者年龄都是转化成功的负预测因素。我们开发了一个推荐系统,可根据药物剂量、细菌剂量和临床前/临床终点等因素帮助规划正确的临床前研究。该系统的准确率为 0.76(F1 得分为 0.71),仅使用了 7 个特征(共 68 个),就将转化效率提高了 25%。所提出的方法可扩展到任何疾病,并可作为临床前到临床转化的决策支持系统,以加速药物发现并降低临床结果的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond the stereotypes: Artificial Intelligence image generation and diversity in anesthesiology. 超越刻板印象:人工智能图像生成与麻醉学的多样性。
IF 3 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2024.1462819
Mia Gisselbaek, Laurens Minsart, Ekin Köselerli, Mélanie Suppan, Basak Ceyda Meco, Laurence Seidel, Adelin Albert, Odmara L Barreto Chang, Sarah Saxena, Joana Berger-Estilita

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated into anesthesiology to enhance patient safety, improve efficiency, and streamline various aspects of practice.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate whether AI-generated images accurately depict the demographic racial and ethnic diversity observed in the Anesthesia workforce and to identify inherent social biases in these images.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis was conducted from January to February 2024. Demographic data were collected from the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) and the European Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC). Two AI text-to-image models, ChatGPT DALL-E 2 and Midjourney, generated images of anesthesiologists across various subspecialties. Three independent reviewers assessed and categorized each image based on sex, race/ethnicity, age, and emotional traits.

Results: A total of 1,200 images were analyzed. We found significant discrepancies between AI-generated images and actual demographic data. The models predominantly portrayed anesthesiologists as White, with ChatGPT DALL-E2 at 64.2% and Midjourney at 83.0%. Moreover, male gender was highly associated with White ethnicity by ChatGPT DALL-E2 (79.1%) and with non-White ethnicity by Midjourney (87%). Age distribution also varied significantly, with younger anesthesiologists underrepresented. The analysis also revealed predominant traits such as "masculine, ""attractive, "and "trustworthy" across various subspecialties.

Conclusion: AI models exhibited notable biases in gender, race/ethnicity, and age representation, failing to reflect the actual diversity within the anesthesiologist workforce. These biases highlight the need for more diverse training datasets and strategies to mitigate bias in AI-generated images to ensure accurate and inclusive representations in the medical field.

导言:人工智能(AI)正越来越多地融入麻醉学,以加强患者安全、提高效率并简化实践的各个方面:本研究旨在评估人工智能生成的图像是否准确描述了麻醉工作人员中观察到的人口种族和民族多样性,并找出这些图像中固有的社会偏见:这项横断面分析于 2024 年 1 月至 2 月进行。人口统计学数据收集自美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)和欧洲麻醉学和重症监护协会(ESAIC)。ChatGPT DALL-E 2 和 Midjourney 这两个人工智能文本到图像模型生成了各亚专科麻醉医师的图像。三名独立审查员根据性别、种族/民族、年龄和情感特征对每张图片进行评估和分类:共分析了 1,200 张图片。我们发现人工智能生成的图像与实际人口统计学数据之间存在很大差异。模型主要将麻醉师描绘成白人,其中 ChatGPT DALL-E2 为 64.2%,Midjourney 为 83.0%。此外,在 ChatGPT DALL-E2 中,男性性别与白人种族高度相关(79.1%),在 Midjourney 中,男性性别与非白人种族高度相关(87%)。年龄分布也有很大差异,年轻麻醉医师所占比例较低。分析还显示,"阳刚"、"有魅力 "和 "值得信赖 "等特征在各亚专科中占主导地位:人工智能模型在性别、种族/民族和年龄代表性方面表现出明显的偏差,未能反映麻醉医师队伍的实际多样性。这些偏差凸显出需要更多样化的训练数据集和策略来减少人工智能生成图像中的偏差,以确保医疗领域的准确和包容性表现。
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引用次数: 0
Navigating STEM careers with AI mentors: a new IDP journey. 与人工智能导师一起领航 STEM 职业:新的 IDP 旅程。
IF 3 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-08 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2024.1461137
Chi-Ning Chang, John Hui, Cammie Justus-Smith, Tzu-Wei Wang

Introduction: Mentoring is crucial to the success of STEM higher education. The Individual Development Plan (IDP) is a common career development tool in STEM graduate education that facilitates structured mentor-mentee interactions and goal setting. This study examined the integration of AI mentors into the myIDP framework to provide real-time support and career insights.

Methods: Using Google Gemini as an AI mentor, this study developed and assessed AI prompts within the myIDP framework. Eighteen STEM graduate students, primarily from underrepresented groups, were trained to engage with the AI mentor. Their interactions, feedback, and comments were analyzed using sentiment and thematic analysis.

Results: Participants reported positive experiences with AI mentors, noting benefits, such as immediate responses, up-to-date information, access to multiple AI mentors, enhanced ownership of career development, and time savings. However, concerns about misinformation, bias, privacy, equity, and algorithmic influences have also been raised. The study identified two hybrid human-AI mentoring models-Sequential Integration and Concurrent Collaboration-that combine the unique strengths of human and AI mentors to enhance the mentoring process.

Discussion: This study underscores the potential of AI mentors to enhance IDP practices by providing timely feedback and career information, thereby empowering students in their STEM career development. The proposed human-AI mentoring models show promise in supporting underrepresented minorities, potentially broadening participation in STEM fields.

导言:指导对于 STEM 高等教育的成功至关重要。个人发展计划(IDP)是 STEM 研究生教育中常用的职业发展工具,有助于导师与被指导者之间进行结构化互动和目标设定。本研究探讨了如何将人工智能导师整合到 myIDP 框架中,以提供实时支持和职业见解:本研究使用谷歌双子座作为人工智能导师,在 myIDP 框架内开发并评估了人工智能提示。18名科技、工程和数学系研究生(主要来自代表性不足的群体)接受了与人工智能导师互动的培训。研究采用情感和主题分析法对他们的互动、反馈和评论进行了分析:结果:参与者报告了与人工智能导师合作的积极体验,并指出了其中的益处,如即时回应、最新信息、接触多个人工智能导师、增强职业发展的自主性以及节省时间。然而,人们也提出了对错误信息、偏见、隐私、公平和算法影响的担忧。本研究确定了两种人类与人工智能混合指导模式--"顺序整合 "和 "并行协作",这两种模式结合了人类与人工智能指导者的独特优势,以加强指导过程:讨论:本研究强调了人工智能导师通过提供及时反馈和职业信息来加强IDP实践的潜力,从而增强学生在STEM职业发展中的能力。所提出的人类-人工智能指导模式在支持代表性不足的少数群体方面大有可为,有可能扩大对 STEM 领域的参与。
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Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence
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