Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-2-39-46
A. Makeyev
Background. The value of natural radionuclide content in ores is a fundamental characteristic of any ore deposit, determining the possibility of studying, developing and enriching these ores, as well as manufacturing commercial products on their basis.Aim. To evaluate the content of natural radionuclides in the rocks and ores of the Pizhem titanium deposit and to determine their mineral concentrators.Materials and methods. A study of 15 core samples from wells within the Pizhem titanium deposit was carried out in the laboratories of IGEM RAS and VIMS using an “Ortec-65195-P/DSPecPlus” semiconductor gamma spectrometer.Results. For the first time, a radiation safety assessment was carried out and the concentration of Ra226, Th232 and K40 natural radionuclides in the titanium ores and host rocks of the Pizhemskoye deposit (the Middle Timan) was determined. The mineral concentrators for Ra226, Th232 and K40 were found to be zircon, monazite (kularite) and hydromuscovite-illite, respectively. The lowest content of radionuclides was established for quartz (D2pz) and quartz-kaolinite (PR3mr3) sandstones of glass quality. The titanium ores of the deposit belong to the I class of mineral raw materials (Aeff < 0.74 kBq/kg), thereby being completely harmless to humans.Conclusion. The low content of radionuclides in the studied ores allows them to be safely enriched, and the overburden sandstones of glass quality to be used without restrictions.
{"title":"The content of natural radionuclides Ra226, Th232, K40 in titanium ores and host rocks of the Pizhemskoye deposit","authors":"A. Makeyev","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-2-39-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-2-39-46","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The value of natural radionuclide content in ores is a fundamental characteristic of any ore deposit, determining the possibility of studying, developing and enriching these ores, as well as manufacturing commercial products on their basis.Aim. To evaluate the content of natural radionuclides in the rocks and ores of the Pizhem titanium deposit and to determine their mineral concentrators.Materials and methods. A study of 15 core samples from wells within the Pizhem titanium deposit was carried out in the laboratories of IGEM RAS and VIMS using an “Ortec-65195-P/DSPecPlus” semiconductor gamma spectrometer.Results. For the first time, a radiation safety assessment was carried out and the concentration of Ra226, Th232 and K40 natural radionuclides in the titanium ores and host rocks of the Pizhemskoye deposit (the Middle Timan) was determined. The mineral concentrators for Ra226, Th232 and K40 were found to be zircon, monazite (kularite) and hydromuscovite-illite, respectively. The lowest content of radionuclides was established for quartz (D2pz) and quartz-kaolinite (PR3mr3) sandstones of glass quality. The titanium ores of the deposit belong to the I class of mineral raw materials (Aeff < 0.74 kBq/kg), thereby being completely harmless to humans.Conclusion. The low content of radionuclides in the studied ores allows them to be safely enriched, and the overburden sandstones of glass quality to be used without restrictions.","PeriodicalId":33343,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Geologiia i razvedka","volume":"82 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89588126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-2-31-38
T. P. Morozova , E. V. Karelina, V. E. Markov
Background. Chromium ores are confined to stratified massifs of basic and ultra-basic composition. The Voikaro-Sinyinsky massif is part of the main hyperbasite belt of the Urals. Inside the hyperbasites of this massif, at the boundaries of tectonic flakes in particular, ultra-basic metamorphites are developed, constituting the zones of sharply variable thickness. During survey routes, a mechanical halo of scattering of ore fragments was found. When studying the ore stockpile, ditches opened the Labogeyskoe-2 chromite ore body, which belongs to the Pogureysky block of the Voikaro-Sinyinsky massif. In the ore occurrence area, harzburgites are predominantly developed with thin striped dunite aggregates in a small volume and individual dunite bodies of low thickness. Chromium ores are densely impregnated, medium- to coarse-grained. The amount of chromospinelides in the composition of ores сonstitutes 90—95%, the serpentine of irregular shape as well as the relics of olivine and emerald-green uvorovite grains, along with the single grains of pyrrhotite and magnetite are found in the interstitia (2—5%). Ores are massive, often cataclazed. The experience of studying this ore occurrence can serve as an analogue for a more effective study of similar ore occurrences. Aim. Evaluation of the Labogeyskoye-2 ore occurrence for the application of the information obtained and methods of its study in the study of a similar Levopayersk ore body, which will help save time and finances in the design and more efficient exploration.Materials and methods. During the filming routes, a mechanical halo of scattering of ore fragments was detected. During the study of the ore collapse in 1966, the KM22—KM25 ditches were passed and the Labogeyskoye-2 chromite ore body was uncovered by the KM24 ditch. In 2013, during geological exploration at Labogeyskoye-2, 3 ditches (K50—K52) were passed and detailed gravimagnetic studies of Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Crystal Chemistry of Rare Elements in 2011—2012 were performed.Results. The Levopayerskoe ore body is probably the closest analogue of the Labogeyskoye-2 ore occurrence among the 24 ore occurrences, for which geological plans and calculation sections were compiled based on the results of mining and drilling operations.Conclusions. The closest analogue of the Labogeyskoye-2 ore occurrence is probably the Levopayerskoye ore body. Therefore, further geological and exploration work at the Labogeyskoe-2 site should be carried out taking into account the conditions of occurrence of the similar Levopayerskoe ore body.
{"title":"Forecast of the morphology and occurrence conditions of complex chromite ore bodies (on example of Labogeyskoe-2 site, Polar Urals)","authors":"T. P. Morozova , E. V. Karelina, V. E. Markov","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-2-31-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-2-31-38","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Chromium ores are confined to stratified massifs of basic and ultra-basic composition. The Voikaro-Sinyinsky massif is part of the main hyperbasite belt of the Urals. Inside the hyperbasites of this massif, at the boundaries of tectonic flakes in particular, ultra-basic metamorphites are developed, constituting the zones of sharply variable thickness. During survey routes, a mechanical halo of scattering of ore fragments was found. When studying the ore stockpile, ditches opened the Labogeyskoe-2 chromite ore body, which belongs to the Pogureysky block of the Voikaro-Sinyinsky massif. In the ore occurrence area, harzburgites are predominantly developed with thin striped dunite aggregates in a small volume and individual dunite bodies of low thickness. Chromium ores are densely impregnated, medium- to coarse-grained. The amount of chromospinelides in the composition of ores сonstitutes 90—95%, the serpentine of irregular shape as well as the relics of olivine and emerald-green uvorovite grains, along with the single grains of pyrrhotite and magnetite are found in the interstitia (2—5%). Ores are massive, often cataclazed. The experience of studying this ore occurrence can serve as an analogue for a more effective study of similar ore occurrences. Aim. Evaluation of the Labogeyskoye-2 ore occurrence for the application of the information obtained and methods of its study in the study of a similar Levopayersk ore body, which will help save time and finances in the design and more efficient exploration.Materials and methods. During the filming routes, a mechanical halo of scattering of ore fragments was detected. During the study of the ore collapse in 1966, the KM22—KM25 ditches were passed and the Labogeyskoye-2 chromite ore body was uncovered by the KM24 ditch. In 2013, during geological exploration at Labogeyskoye-2, 3 ditches (K50—K52) were passed and detailed gravimagnetic studies of Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Crystal Chemistry of Rare Elements in 2011—2012 were performed.Results. The Levopayerskoe ore body is probably the closest analogue of the Labogeyskoye-2 ore occurrence among the 24 ore occurrences, for which geological plans and calculation sections were compiled based on the results of mining and drilling operations.Conclusions. The closest analogue of the Labogeyskoye-2 ore occurrence is probably the Levopayerskoye ore body. Therefore, further geological and exploration work at the Labogeyskoe-2 site should be carried out taking into account the conditions of occurrence of the similar Levopayerskoe ore body.","PeriodicalId":33343,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Geologiia i razvedka","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81112018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-2-24-30
V. Aksenov
Background. The article provides arguments for the introduction of the “geophysical electrodynamics” term.Aim. To justify the introduction of a new term “geophysical electrodynamics”.Methods of substantiation. The limits of the applicability of Maxwell’s equations are studied. Additionally, some concepts are introduced, in particular, about a new paradigm in electrodynamics, about new equations in geophysical electrodynamics, about the differences between new electrodynamics and Maxwell’s electrodynamics, about the sources of toroidal and poloidal electromagnetic fields, about toroidal currents in Maxwell’s equations, about non-power electromagnetic fields, about the quantum effect in non-power electromagnetic fields, toroidal fields in the core of the Earth, mathematical achievements in the new paradigm, about the reproduction of sources of the electromagnetic field of the Earth, and effects in classical electrodynamics explained by geophysical electrodynamics.Results. Responses to the above justifications were received.Conclusion. Physical and mathematical justifications for the introduction of the term “geophysical electrodynamics” find confirmation both in the natural electromagnetic field of the Earth, and in a number of long-known classical effects in the standard Maxwell’s electrodynamics. Small but fundamental differences of one electrodynamics from another will reduce the number of effects unexplained from the standpoint of Maxwell’s equations, encountered in both theory and experiments on Earth.
{"title":"Review of rationales for the introduction of the “Geophysical electrodynamics” term","authors":"V. Aksenov","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-2-24-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-2-24-30","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The article provides arguments for the introduction of the “geophysical electrodynamics” term.Aim. To justify the introduction of a new term “geophysical electrodynamics”.Methods of substantiation. The limits of the applicability of Maxwell’s equations are studied. Additionally, some concepts are introduced, in particular, about a new paradigm in electrodynamics, about new equations in geophysical electrodynamics, about the differences between new electrodynamics and Maxwell’s electrodynamics, about the sources of toroidal and poloidal electromagnetic fields, about toroidal currents in Maxwell’s equations, about non-power electromagnetic fields, about the quantum effect in non-power electromagnetic fields, toroidal fields in the core of the Earth, mathematical achievements in the new paradigm, about the reproduction of sources of the electromagnetic field of the Earth, and effects in classical electrodynamics explained by geophysical electrodynamics.Results. Responses to the above justifications were received.Conclusion. Physical and mathematical justifications for the introduction of the term “geophysical electrodynamics” find confirmation both in the natural electromagnetic field of the Earth, and in a number of long-known classical effects in the standard Maxwell’s electrodynamics. Small but fundamental differences of one electrodynamics from another will reduce the number of effects unexplained from the standpoint of Maxwell’s equations, encountered in both theory and experiments on Earth.","PeriodicalId":33343,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Geologiia i razvedka","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91018162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-2-80-91
I. A. Lyamin
Background. The relevance of the study lies in predicting the hydrogeological regime in the process of construction and operation of tailing storage areas. A complex study of the aeration zone and formation conditions of infiltration supply will make it possible to minimize the anthropogenic load on the hydrosphere and to develop measures for a reduction in the negative load on territories imposed to anthropogenic impact.Aim. To determine the amount of infiltration supply in a designed tailing storage area.Materials and methods. The studied territory is the southern part of the Talitsky section of the Verkhnekamsk salt deposit (Russian Federation). The studied objects included infiltration processes, weakly-permeable deposits, and drainage network. The applied methods involved mathematical modelling, mapping, and hydrometric works.Results. The conducted works reflect the regularities characteristic of the drain of small rivers in the region under study. Melted snow waters play a leading role in feeding surface watercourses. The most intensive inflow of rainwater, corresponding to the periods of summer and autumn rain floods, on the rivers of the study area occurred in July 2017 and in October–November 2017. Some differences in the annual volume of the run-off distribution of this water flow are likely to be determined by a change in the characteristics of the water-collecting area occurring as a result of cutting down forests and preparing the territory for construction of a mining and processing plant.
{"title":"Determination of the amount of infiltration supply according to the data of low-water runoff in a tailing storage area","authors":"I. A. Lyamin","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-2-80-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-2-80-91","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The relevance of the study lies in predicting the hydrogeological regime in the process of construction and operation of tailing storage areas. A complex study of the aeration zone and formation conditions of infiltration supply will make it possible to minimize the anthropogenic load on the hydrosphere and to develop measures for a reduction in the negative load on territories imposed to anthropogenic impact.Aim. To determine the amount of infiltration supply in a designed tailing storage area.Materials and methods. The studied territory is the southern part of the Talitsky section of the Verkhnekamsk salt deposit (Russian Federation). The studied objects included infiltration processes, weakly-permeable deposits, and drainage network. The applied methods involved mathematical modelling, mapping, and hydrometric works.Results. The conducted works reflect the regularities characteristic of the drain of small rivers in the region under study. Melted snow waters play a leading role in feeding surface watercourses. The most intensive inflow of rainwater, corresponding to the periods of summer and autumn rain floods, on the rivers of the study area occurred in July 2017 and in October–November 2017. Some differences in the annual volume of the run-off distribution of this water flow are likely to be determined by a change in the characteristics of the water-collecting area occurring as a result of cutting down forests and preparing the territory for construction of a mining and processing plant.","PeriodicalId":33343,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Geologiia i razvedka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74418329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-2-18-23
M. K. Savoyskaya, I. Bayuk
Introduction. Reservoirs composed of thin layers with different elastic properties exhibit the anisotropy of elastic properties. Anisotropic environments are studied using special seismic positioning systems that require large financial and time resources. However, neglecting pronounced anisotropy leads to misinterpretation of the data. Evaluation of the degree of anisotropy of a thin-layer stratum allows researchers to determine whether anisotropy could be neglected by conditionally considering the stratum to be isotropic.Aim. To estimate the anisotropy of carbonate rocks on the scale of seismic surveys based on the data of geophysical well logging and petroelastic simulation.Materials and methods. Models of carbonate rocks with different characteristics of pore space were created based on the Berryman and Backus methods. For these models, an analysis of the degree of anisotropy by Thomsen parameters was carried out. Acoustic and density logging data of a well located in Western Siberia were used for comparison with actual data.Results. A numerical characteristic was found, the analysis of which helped to determine the significance of anisotropy before the application of the Backus method thus significantly reducing the number of necessary computational processes.Conclusion. The obtained parameter of the degree of rock heterogeneity correlates well with Thomsen parameters responsible for anisotropy, which indicates the possibility of its use for assessing the anisotropy of strata.
{"title":"Petroelastic simulation as a method for analysing the anisotropy of elastic properties on the scale of seismic surveys","authors":"M. K. Savoyskaya, I. Bayuk","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-2-18-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-2-18-23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Reservoirs composed of thin layers with different elastic properties exhibit the anisotropy of elastic properties. Anisotropic environments are studied using special seismic positioning systems that require large financial and time resources. However, neglecting pronounced anisotropy leads to misinterpretation of the data. Evaluation of the degree of anisotropy of a thin-layer stratum allows researchers to determine whether anisotropy could be neglected by conditionally considering the stratum to be isotropic.Aim. To estimate the anisotropy of carbonate rocks on the scale of seismic surveys based on the data of geophysical well logging and petroelastic simulation.Materials and methods. Models of carbonate rocks with different characteristics of pore space were created based on the Berryman and Backus methods. For these models, an analysis of the degree of anisotropy by Thomsen parameters was carried out. Acoustic and density logging data of a well located in Western Siberia were used for comparison with actual data.Results. A numerical characteristic was found, the analysis of which helped to determine the significance of anisotropy before the application of the Backus method thus significantly reducing the number of necessary computational processes.Conclusion. The obtained parameter of the degree of rock heterogeneity correlates well with Thomsen parameters responsible for anisotropy, which indicates the possibility of its use for assessing the anisotropy of strata.","PeriodicalId":33343,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Geologiia i razvedka","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88641853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-2-47-56
D. A. Petrochenkov, E. Y. Baraboshkin
Background. Ammonite products are increasingly gaining in popularity. Ammonites are characterised by a variety of colour shades, shapes and sizes, making them suitable for manufacturing a wide range of souvenir and jewellery products. Russia enjoys significant resources of ammonites of interior and jewellery-ornamental quality; however, these materials remain insufficiently studied from the mineralogical point of view. This article presents the mineral composition and gemological characteristics of the Upper Jurassic interior jewellery ammonites of the Samara region for the first time.Aim. To describe the stratigraphic position and mineral composition of interior jewellery ammonites of the Samara region.Materials and methods. Late Jurassic ammonites (45 samples) were collected from a number of their main locations. The characteristic types of ammonites of interior-jewellery quality were distinguished and studied. Experiments included the determination of microhardness (25 determinations), density (12 determinations), luminescence features (10 samples), optical and petrographic analysis (5 thin sections), as well as the quantitative determination of mineral and chemical composition (3 samples), and electron probe studies (2 samples).Results. Ammonites are characterized by the presence of a mother-of-pearl layer with multi-coloured iridescence. The ammonites under study consist mainly of apatite (21—70 wt. %) and calcite (21—87 wt. %) along with quartz, aluminosilicates, gypsum, pyrite, zeolites, goethite, ilmenite and organic matter. The chambers of ammonite shells are made of phosphorite and calcite. The walls and partitions of shells have completely lost their original aragonite composition and consist of apatite and calcite with pyrite inclusions. The increased content of Sr (up to 0.17 wt. %) and Ba (up to 0.01 wt. %) are recorded as trace elements in ammonites. Calcite contains the following trace elements (wt. %): Mg — 0.17, Mn — 0.17, Fe — 1.14, Sr — 0.11, and Y — 0.17.Conclusion. The mineral and chemical (including microinclusions and trace elements) composition of interior-jewellery ammonites was established for the first time. The ammonites of the Samara region are of commercial interest as interior samples. Their shell fragments can be used in jewellery production. The ammonites under study can be collected along the coastal cliffs and beach area of the Volga river, thereby requiring no capital investments and producing no environmental pollution.
背景。菊石产品越来越受欢迎。菊石具有多种颜色、形状和大小的特点，适合制造各种纪念品和珠宝产品。俄罗斯拥有丰富的室内和珠宝装饰品质的菊石资源;然而，从矿物学的角度来看，这些材料的研究还不够充分。本文首次介绍了萨马拉地区上侏罗统内部珠宝菊石的矿物组成和宝石学特征。描述萨马拉地区内部珠宝菊石的地层位置和矿物组成。材料和方法。晚侏罗世菊石(45个样本)从其主要位置采集。对室内珠宝品质的菊石特征类型进行了区分和研究。实验包括显微硬度测定(25个样品)、密度测定(12个样品)、发光特征测定(10个样品)、光学和岩石学分析(5个薄片)、矿物和化学成分定量测定(3个样品)和电子探针研究(2个样品)。菊石的特点是具有多色彩虹色的珍珠母层。所研究的菊石主要由磷灰石(21-70 wt. %)和方解石(21-87 wt. %)以及石英、铝硅酸盐、石膏、黄铁矿、沸石、针铁矿、钛铁矿和有机质组成。菊石壳的腔室由磷矿和方解石构成。贝壳的壁和隔板完全失去了原来的文石成分，由磷灰石、方解石和黄铁矿包裹体组成。其中Sr (0.17 wt. %)和Ba (0.01 wt. %)的含量增加，是菊石中的微量元素。方解石含有以下微量元素(wt. %): Mg - 0.17, Mn - 0.17, Fe - 1.14, Sr - 0.11, Y - 0.17。首次确定了首饰内菊石的矿物和化学组成(包括微包裹体和微量元素)。萨马拉地区的菊石作为内部样品具有商业价值。它们的贝壳碎片可以用来制作珠宝。所研究的菊石可以在伏尔加河沿岸的悬崖和海滩地区采集，不需要任何资本投资，也不会产生环境污染。
{"title":"Mineralogy of interior jewellery ammonites of the Samara region","authors":"D. A. Petrochenkov, E. Y. Baraboshkin","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-2-47-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-2-47-56","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Ammonite products are increasingly gaining in popularity. Ammonites are characterised by a variety of colour shades, shapes and sizes, making them suitable for manufacturing a wide range of souvenir and jewellery products. Russia enjoys significant resources of ammonites of interior and jewellery-ornamental quality; however, these materials remain insufficiently studied from the mineralogical point of view. This article presents the mineral composition and gemological characteristics of the Upper Jurassic interior jewellery ammonites of the Samara region for the first time.Aim. To describe the stratigraphic position and mineral composition of interior jewellery ammonites of the Samara region.Materials and methods. Late Jurassic ammonites (45 samples) were collected from a number of their main locations. The characteristic types of ammonites of interior-jewellery quality were distinguished and studied. Experiments included the determination of microhardness (25 determinations), density (12 determinations), luminescence features (10 samples), optical and petrographic analysis (5 thin sections), as well as the quantitative determination of mineral and chemical composition (3 samples), and electron probe studies (2 samples).Results. Ammonites are characterized by the presence of a mother-of-pearl layer with multi-coloured iridescence. The ammonites under study consist mainly of apatite (21—70 wt. %) and calcite (21—87 wt. %) along with quartz, aluminosilicates, gypsum, pyrite, zeolites, goethite, ilmenite and organic matter. The chambers of ammonite shells are made of phosphorite and calcite. The walls and partitions of shells have completely lost their original aragonite composition and consist of apatite and calcite with pyrite inclusions. The increased content of Sr (up to 0.17 wt. %) and Ba (up to 0.01 wt. %) are recorded as trace elements in ammonites. Calcite contains the following trace elements (wt. %): Mg — 0.17, Mn — 0.17, Fe — 1.14, Sr — 0.11, and Y — 0.17.Conclusion. The mineral and chemical (including microinclusions and trace elements) composition of interior-jewellery ammonites was established for the first time. The ammonites of the Samara region are of commercial interest as interior samples. Their shell fragments can be used in jewellery production. The ammonites under study can be collected along the coastal cliffs and beach area of the Volga river, thereby requiring no capital investments and producing no environmental pollution.","PeriodicalId":33343,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Geologiia i razvedka","volume":"2017 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86787366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-1-30-37
A. Goreva
Background. Hydrogeological analysis is necessary for a comprehensive forecast of oil and gas deposits in any region. Early in the development of petroleum hydrogeology in the 1940–1970s, conditions for hydrocarbon (HC) accumulation were actively examined at depths of about 1–2 km, where meteoric waters often occur. However, for a long time, there was no interest in exploring petroleum basin infiltration systems despite the colossal hydrocarbon resources in West Siberia, Alberta (Canada), the Norwegian-Danish oil and gas basin (Norway) and Jungar Banner (China), which are associated with an infiltration hydrodynamic regime (IHR). The resumption of research into hydrocarbon systems controlled by IHR is advisable for theoretical and advanced applications in the exploration of hydrocarbon deposits, including non-structural hydrocarbon accumulation. This is essential for oil and gas fields with a long well production history, where the resources of hydrocarbon deposits associated with anticline structures have largely been exhausted.Aim. To elaborate on the influence of IHR on the HC accumulation processes, the evolution and preservation of these accumulations in the Northern part of West Siberia.Results. The authors discussed features of the infiltration system of the Northern part of the West Siberian hydrogeological basin and proved its unity within the onshore and offshore regions. It was shown that a specific feature of this basin consists in an internal discharge zone associated with the Gulf of Ob in modern plans. Based on analysis of hydrodynamic potentials within the Albian-Cenomanian complex, local accumulations of hydrocarbons, formed in the absence of control from the structural factor, were revealed.
{"title":"Influence of infiltration regimes on hydrocarbon accumulation processes in Northern part of West Siberia","authors":"A. Goreva","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-1-30-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-1-30-37","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Hydrogeological analysis is necessary for a comprehensive forecast of oil and gas deposits in any region. Early in the development of petroleum hydrogeology in the 1940–1970s, conditions for hydrocarbon (HC) accumulation were actively examined at depths of about 1–2 km, where meteoric waters often occur. However, for a long time, there was no interest in exploring petroleum basin infiltration systems despite the colossal hydrocarbon resources in West Siberia, Alberta (Canada), the Norwegian-Danish oil and gas basin (Norway) and Jungar Banner (China), which are associated with an infiltration hydrodynamic regime (IHR). The resumption of research into hydrocarbon systems controlled by IHR is advisable for theoretical and advanced applications in the exploration of hydrocarbon deposits, including non-structural hydrocarbon accumulation. This is essential for oil and gas fields with a long well production history, where the resources of hydrocarbon deposits associated with anticline structures have largely been exhausted.Aim. To elaborate on the influence of IHR on the HC accumulation processes, the evolution and preservation of these accumulations in the Northern part of West Siberia.Results. The authors discussed features of the infiltration system of the Northern part of the West Siberian hydrogeological basin and proved its unity within the onshore and offshore regions. It was shown that a specific feature of this basin consists in an internal discharge zone associated with the Gulf of Ob in modern plans. Based on analysis of hydrodynamic potentials within the Albian-Cenomanian complex, local accumulations of hydrocarbons, formed in the absence of control from the structural factor, were revealed.","PeriodicalId":33343,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Geologiia i razvedka","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81557087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-1-88-97
D. Korotaev, E. Ivanova
Introduction. The development of modern equipment and technologies for geological exploration and mining processes raises the problem of ensuring the reliability and durability of mechanic units operating under the conditions of elevated temperatures and pressures in the presence of aggressive external environments. In this regard, there is a need to create functional coatings with unique physical, mechanical and operational properties.Aim. To improve the performance of electrospark coatings based on an analysis of a cause-andeffect diagram and a regression study of the technological modes of processing steel units of geological exploration equipment (on the example of hydraulic cylinder rods of drilling pumps).Materials and methods. To harden the steel surfaces of hydraulic equipment parts, the technology of electrospark deposition (ESD) was used on an IMES-1001 mechanized installation using carbide electrodes and various gas media. In order to identify causal relationships between the factors affecting the hardened surface and to establish the most important factors affecting the quality of the formed coating, the Ishikawa diagram method was used and a regression analysis was performed. The adhesion activity of the obtained coatings was assessed by atomic force microscopy on a Solver PRO scanning probe microscope in a semi-contact air scanning mode using NSG10probe sensors with a resonance frequency of 219 kHz and a radius of curvature of the probe tip of 10 nm. When determining the strength of the adhesive interaction of the probe and the surface at one point, the absolute error was 15 nN. Tribological tests were carried out on a 2070-СМТ-1 standard friction machine according to the “disk-shoe” scheme.Results. The obtained cause-and-effect diagram showed that the technological modes of an electrospark deposition installation comprise a determining factor affecting the quality of the formed layers and coatings. In order to identify those process parameters that had the greatest effect, a regression analysis was carried out. The capacitance of the unit capacitors was found to have the greatest impact on the adhesion force formed by the ESD coating. Therefore, in order to reduce the strength of the adhesive interaction of surfaces and, as a result, increase their wear resistance, it is necessary to increase the capacitance of capacitors while reducing the voltage and processing time when implementing the ESD technology. On the basis of tribological tests, it is concluded that the minimum wear rate of coatings can be obtained by alloying the steel surface in an oxygen environment with a carbide electrode based on tungsten carbide with additives of elements that form unlimited solid solutions with the surface material and perform the role of fluxes (Ni-Cr-B-Si).Conclusion. Due to strict requirements to the performance of metal surfaces of units that enter into frictional interaction during the implementation of mining and exploration processes, the
{"title":"Improvement of electrospark deposition technology of steel units for drilling rigs and mining equipment","authors":"D. Korotaev, E. Ivanova","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-1-88-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-1-88-97","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The development of modern equipment and technologies for geological exploration and mining processes raises the problem of ensuring the reliability and durability of mechanic units operating under the conditions of elevated temperatures and pressures in the presence of aggressive external environments. In this regard, there is a need to create functional coatings with unique physical, mechanical and operational properties.Aim. To improve the performance of electrospark coatings based on an analysis of a cause-andeffect diagram and a regression study of the technological modes of processing steel units of geological exploration equipment (on the example of hydraulic cylinder rods of drilling pumps).Materials and methods. To harden the steel surfaces of hydraulic equipment parts, the technology of electrospark deposition (ESD) was used on an IMES-1001 mechanized installation using carbide electrodes and various gas media. In order to identify causal relationships between the factors affecting the hardened surface and to establish the most important factors affecting the quality of the formed coating, the Ishikawa diagram method was used and a regression analysis was performed. The adhesion activity of the obtained coatings was assessed by atomic force microscopy on a Solver PRO scanning probe microscope in a semi-contact air scanning mode using NSG10probe sensors with a resonance frequency of 219 kHz and a radius of curvature of the probe tip of 10 nm. When determining the strength of the adhesive interaction of the probe and the surface at one point, the absolute error was 15 nN. Tribological tests were carried out on a 2070-СМТ-1 standard friction machine according to the “disk-shoe” scheme.Results. The obtained cause-and-effect diagram showed that the technological modes of an electrospark deposition installation comprise a determining factor affecting the quality of the formed layers and coatings. In order to identify those process parameters that had the greatest effect, a regression analysis was carried out. The capacitance of the unit capacitors was found to have the greatest impact on the adhesion force formed by the ESD coating. Therefore, in order to reduce the strength of the adhesive interaction of surfaces and, as a result, increase their wear resistance, it is necessary to increase the capacitance of capacitors while reducing the voltage and processing time when implementing the ESD technology. On the basis of tribological tests, it is concluded that the minimum wear rate of coatings can be obtained by alloying the steel surface in an oxygen environment with a carbide electrode based on tungsten carbide with additives of elements that form unlimited solid solutions with the surface material and perform the role of fluxes (Ni-Cr-B-Si).Conclusion. Due to strict requirements to the performance of metal surfaces of units that enter into frictional interaction during the implementation of mining and exploration processes, the","PeriodicalId":33343,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Geologiia i razvedka","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86657497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-1-61-74
V. Romanov
Introduction. The state of the terminological base used in the field of two-dimensional seismic surveying in the period 1933–2015 is analyzed and proposals to revise some key concepts are made.Aim. An analysis of the existing terminological base of the procedure of two-dimensional seismic surveying and the formation of a new base on the basis of a system approach.Materials and methods. An analysis of the terms used in educational, reference and normative literature on seismic surveying published in 1933–2015, followed by a critical analysis of the revealed terminological bases.Results. The investigated interval was divided into three stages on the basis of the state of terminology applied in seismic surveying. The first stage covered the period from 1933 to 1959, when the fundamental concepts of seismic surveying technology were passing the stage of formation. The quantity of terms at that time was small, many of them were characterised by unwieldiness or uncertainty of the described concept. In the period 1960–1992, the forming terminological base was presented in a state standard. The third stage was characterized by a slow pace of terminology development, when a number of publications showed a return to outdated or unsuccessful terms. The author identified the most stable terms, their unified names and definitions, and provided recommendations for their use. The following definitions of key concepts were proposed for revision: placement removal (distance), taking into account the variety of observation systems used in 2D seismic surveying; new terms inherited from the practice of 3D seismic surveying and group theory, including receiving line, placement removal, template, template step, order. A classification of templates was considered.Conclusion. The state of the terminological base in the field of two-dimensional seismic surveying, including its shortcomings and problems, was analyzed. It is proposed to improve the current terminological base by adding new terms and revising the existing definitions.
{"title":"Analysis of a terminological base in the field of two-dimensional seismic surveying and proposals on its development and unification","authors":"V. Romanov","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-1-61-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-1-61-74","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The state of the terminological base used in the field of two-dimensional seismic surveying in the period 1933–2015 is analyzed and proposals to revise some key concepts are made.Aim. An analysis of the existing terminological base of the procedure of two-dimensional seismic surveying and the formation of a new base on the basis of a system approach.Materials and methods. An analysis of the terms used in educational, reference and normative literature on seismic surveying published in 1933–2015, followed by a critical analysis of the revealed terminological bases.Results. The investigated interval was divided into three stages on the basis of the state of terminology applied in seismic surveying. The first stage covered the period from 1933 to 1959, when the fundamental concepts of seismic surveying technology were passing the stage of formation. The quantity of terms at that time was small, many of them were characterised by unwieldiness or uncertainty of the described concept. In the period 1960–1992, the forming terminological base was presented in a state standard. The third stage was characterized by a slow pace of terminology development, when a number of publications showed a return to outdated or unsuccessful terms. The author identified the most stable terms, their unified names and definitions, and provided recommendations for their use. The following definitions of key concepts were proposed for revision: placement removal (distance), taking into account the variety of observation systems used in 2D seismic surveying; new terms inherited from the practice of 3D seismic surveying and group theory, including receiving line, placement removal, template, template step, order. A classification of templates was considered.Conclusion. The state of the terminological base in the field of two-dimensional seismic surveying, including its shortcomings and problems, was analyzed. It is proposed to improve the current terminological base by adding new terms and revising the existing definitions.","PeriodicalId":33343,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Geologiia i razvedka","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82730474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-1-75-87
V. Makeev, E. A. Pikulik, A. S. Guseltsev
Background. Structural and geodynamic studies are conducted in the region of the middle flow of the Don river.Aim. An identification and evaluation of neotectonic structures, determination of geodynamic conditions for their formation and an analysis of intensive exogenous geological processes in connection with the need to ensure the safety of the Novovoronezh nuclear power plant (NPP) located in this area, the largest in the central part of the Eastern European platform.Materials and methods. According to the concept of deep geodynamic systems, the lithological, structural-geomorphological and neotectonic conditions of the territory were studied. Field observations and publications based on geological survey data were the factual material for the studies.Results. Various types of uplifts and troughs, geodynamically active zones and lineaments were identified. The formation of structures is associated with deep (intracortical) stresses of compression and tension, under the influence of which the tectonic-gravity and suffosion-karst processes negative for the territory of the nuclear power plant are activated. Among the ancient Precambrian faults of the crystalline basement, the latitudinal Sudzhen-Ikorets and submeridional Semiluki-Lipetsky faults are active. The latter is considered as a geodynamically active zone. At the NPP site and in its vicinity, the zones of increased fracturing and permeability were identified, which is consistent with the buried forms of the relief — paleo-reliefs of the Don river and its tributaries. These zones are found to be deeply embedded in the Cretaceous and Devonian carbonate rocks, which is the reason for the increased leaching of these rocks and the removal of fine particles from the fluvioglacial strata. A quantitative assessment of summary and step-by-step amplitudes and speeds of neotectonic movements was carried out.Conclusion. The territory of the Novovoronezh NPP is geodynamically calm, the movement speeds (both calculated and according to instrumental measurements) are relatively low; however, these movements activate exogenous processes, which in turn negatively affect the stability of the Novovoronezh NPP site.
{"title":"Neotectonic structures and modern geodynamics of the middle flow region of the Don river (the territory of the Novovoronezh nuclear power plant)","authors":"V. Makeev, E. A. Pikulik, A. S. Guseltsev","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-1-75-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-1-75-87","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Structural and geodynamic studies are conducted in the region of the middle flow of the Don river.Aim. An identification and evaluation of neotectonic structures, determination of geodynamic conditions for their formation and an analysis of intensive exogenous geological processes in connection with the need to ensure the safety of the Novovoronezh nuclear power plant (NPP) located in this area, the largest in the central part of the Eastern European platform.Materials and methods. According to the concept of deep geodynamic systems, the lithological, structural-geomorphological and neotectonic conditions of the territory were studied. Field observations and publications based on geological survey data were the factual material for the studies.Results. Various types of uplifts and troughs, geodynamically active zones and lineaments were identified. The formation of structures is associated with deep (intracortical) stresses of compression and tension, under the influence of which the tectonic-gravity and suffosion-karst processes negative for the territory of the nuclear power plant are activated. Among the ancient Precambrian faults of the crystalline basement, the latitudinal Sudzhen-Ikorets and submeridional Semiluki-Lipetsky faults are active. The latter is considered as a geodynamically active zone. At the NPP site and in its vicinity, the zones of increased fracturing and permeability were identified, which is consistent with the buried forms of the relief — paleo-reliefs of the Don river and its tributaries. These zones are found to be deeply embedded in the Cretaceous and Devonian carbonate rocks, which is the reason for the increased leaching of these rocks and the removal of fine particles from the fluvioglacial strata. A quantitative assessment of summary and step-by-step amplitudes and speeds of neotectonic movements was carried out.Conclusion. The territory of the Novovoronezh NPP is geodynamically calm, the movement speeds (both calculated and according to instrumental measurements) are relatively low; however, these movements activate exogenous processes, which in turn negatively affect the stability of the Novovoronezh NPP site.","PeriodicalId":33343,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Geologiia i razvedka","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90685751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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