Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-66-75
Y. V. Antonov, I. A. Ponomarenko
Background. The density of atmospheric air varies with temperature. Therefore, variations in the atmospheric layer temperature leads the emergence of local gravity anomalies. The amplitude of such anomalies can exceed ±0.1 mGal. The results obtained by the Arti Geophysical Observatory(Yekaterinburg, Russia) on the non-tidal variations of gravity confirm the influence of temperature variations on gravimeter readings, which may significantly exceed the calculated data. Aim. To assess the impact of weather changes on seismic and gravity fields.Materials and methods. At the RAS Bishkek Geodynamic Test Area (Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan), RAS Institute of Geophysics (Yekaterinburg, Russia) and Zapolye Observatory (Vladimir, Russia), gravity was measured by CG-5 AUTOGRAV gravimeters. At the Shults Cape (Vladivostok, Russia), Arti (Yekaterinburg, Russia) and BFO (Black Forest, Germany [10]) observatories, gravimetric measurements were conducted by La Coste & Romberg tidal gravimeters. Results. Variations in the atmospheric layer temperature were found to lead to the emergence of local gravity anomalies. The amplitude of such anomalies can exceed ±0.1 mGal. The results obtained by the Arti Geophysical Observatory (Yekaterinburg, Russia) on the non-tidal variations of gravity confirm the influence of temperature on gravimeter readings, which may significantly exceed the calculated data. Conclusion. Meteorological processes, such as liquid-water content and the Earth’s atmospheric temperature, affect the readings of gravimeters and seismometers. The atmospheric air density varies with temperature. Along with temperature, gravimeters and seismometers are affected by pressure, humidity and water content of the atmosphere. This is related to atmospheric deformations under the influence of the Moon and the Sun. Meteor streams and their impact on the Earth’s atmosphere have the greatest influence on the readings of gravimeters and seismometers.
{"title":"Meteorological impact on gravimeter and seismometer readings","authors":"Y. V. Antonov, I. A. Ponomarenko","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-66-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-66-75","url":null,"abstract":" Background. The density of atmospheric air varies with temperature. Therefore, variations in the atmospheric layer temperature leads the emergence of local gravity anomalies. The amplitude of such anomalies can exceed ±0.1 mGal. The results obtained by the Arti Geophysical Observatory(Yekaterinburg, Russia) on the non-tidal variations of gravity confirm the influence of temperature variations on gravimeter readings, which may significantly exceed the calculated data. Aim. To assess the impact of weather changes on seismic and gravity fields.Materials and methods. At the RAS Bishkek Geodynamic Test Area (Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan), RAS Institute of Geophysics (Yekaterinburg, Russia) and Zapolye Observatory (Vladimir, Russia), gravity was measured by CG-5 AUTOGRAV gravimeters. At the Shults Cape (Vladivostok, Russia), Arti (Yekaterinburg, Russia) and BFO (Black Forest, Germany [10]) observatories, gravimetric measurements were conducted by La Coste & Romberg tidal gravimeters. Results. Variations in the atmospheric layer temperature were found to lead to the emergence of local gravity anomalies. The amplitude of such anomalies can exceed ±0.1 mGal. The results obtained by the Arti Geophysical Observatory (Yekaterinburg, Russia) on the non-tidal variations of gravity confirm the influence of temperature on gravimeter readings, which may significantly exceed the calculated data. Conclusion. Meteorological processes, such as liquid-water content and the Earth’s atmospheric temperature, affect the readings of gravimeters and seismometers. The atmospheric air density varies with temperature. Along with temperature, gravimeters and seismometers are affected by pressure, humidity and water content of the atmosphere. This is related to atmospheric deformations under the influence of the Moon and the Sun. Meteor streams and their impact on the Earth’s atmosphere have the greatest influence on the readings of gravimeters and seismometers.","PeriodicalId":33343,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Geologiia i razvedka","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78867024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-52-65
L. Bondareva, A. V. Osipov
Background. The Cis-Ural trough and its junction area with the West-Ural outer folding zone are known as structures with high oil and gas potential. However, the complexity of the geological structure, due to the wide development of faults of various genesis and morphology, the discrepancy between the structural plans of parts of the sedimentary section, etc., as well as the low quality of the available seismic material and, as a result, unreliable geological models of the object are a deterrent to the development of the resource base of the area under consideration. Aim. To study the formation conditions and to typify oil and gas traps within the junction area of the Cis-Ural trough and the West-Ural outer folding zone. Materials and methods. A series of seismogeological profiles in the sublatitudinal direction was used for the research: No. 2622001-02 ShP in the interpretation of Drozdov V. V., Krasnovishersk-Severouralsk in the interpretation of Popov A. G., No. 15-RS in the interpretation of Makarevich V. N. The technique of structural-kinematic modeling was used, which allows reconstructing the structural evolution of fold-thrust zones. Results. Based on geological and geophysical data and using modern computer modeling technologies, a substantiated conceptual geological model of the formation and structure of the junction area of the Cis-Ural trough and the West-Ural outer folding zone was created. Oil and gas trapswere predicted and their types were determined. Conclusion. Conditions for the formation, preservation and placement of oil and gas traps within the junction area of the Cis-Ural trough and the West-Ural outer folding zone were studied. The types of the traps were determined, which, in conjunction with the analysis of hydrocarbon systems, creates the basis for a scientifically robust assessment of the prospects for oil and gas potential of the studied area.
背景。顺乌拉尔海槽及其与西乌拉尔外褶皱带的交界处是油气潜力较大的构造。然而，由于地质构造的复杂性，各种成因和形态的断层广泛发育，部分沉积剖面的构造平面图之间存在差异等，以及现有地震资料质量低，导致该对象的地质模型不可靠，阻碍了该地区资源基础的开发。的目标。研究顺乌拉尔海槽与西乌拉尔外褶皱带交界区域的形成条件和油气圈闭类型。材料和方法。研究使用了一系列次垂直方向的地震地质剖面:Drozdov V. V.解释中的2622001-02 ShP号，Popov A. G.解释中的Krasnovishersk-Severouralsk号，Makarevich V. N.解释中的15-RS号。利用构造运动学建模技术，可以重建褶皱冲断带的构造演化。结果。根据地质和地球物理资料，运用现代计算机模拟技术，建立了确证的顺乌拉尔海槽与西乌拉尔外褶皱带结合部形成和构造的概念地质模型。对该区油气圈闭进行了预测并确定了圈闭类型。结论。研究了顺乌拉尔海槽与西乌拉尔外褶皱带交界地区油气圈闭的形成、保存和分布条件。圈闭类型的确定，结合对油气系统的分析，为科学可靠地评估研究区域的油气潜力前景奠定了基础。
{"title":"Formation and placement of oil and gas traps within the junction area of Cis-Ural trough and West-Ural outer folding zone","authors":"L. Bondareva, A. V. Osipov","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-52-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-52-65","url":null,"abstract":" Background. The Cis-Ural trough and its junction area with the West-Ural outer folding zone are known as structures with high oil and gas potential. However, the complexity of the geological structure, due to the wide development of faults of various genesis and morphology, the discrepancy between the structural plans of parts of the sedimentary section, etc., as well as the low quality of the available seismic material and, as a result, unreliable geological models of the object are a deterrent to the development of the resource base of the area under consideration. Aim. To study the formation conditions and to typify oil and gas traps within the junction area of the Cis-Ural trough and the West-Ural outer folding zone. Materials and methods. A series of seismogeological profiles in the sublatitudinal direction was used for the research: No. 2622001-02 ShP in the interpretation of Drozdov V. V., Krasnovishersk-Severouralsk in the interpretation of Popov A. G., No. 15-RS in the interpretation of Makarevich V. N. The technique of structural-kinematic modeling was used, which allows reconstructing the structural evolution of fold-thrust zones. Results. Based on geological and geophysical data and using modern computer modeling technologies, a substantiated conceptual geological model of the formation and structure of the junction area of the Cis-Ural trough and the West-Ural outer folding zone was created. Oil and gas trapswere predicted and their types were determined. Conclusion. Conditions for the formation, preservation and placement of oil and gas traps within the junction area of the Cis-Ural trough and the West-Ural outer folding zone were studied. The types of the traps were determined, which, in conjunction with the analysis of hydrocarbon systems, creates the basis for a scientifically robust assessment of the prospects for oil and gas potential of the studied area.","PeriodicalId":33343,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Geologiia i razvedka","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86298929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-28-41
V. B. Svalova
Background. The intensification of natural disasters all over the world requires the development of new approaches to the study of geological processes. This particularly concerns the areas at the boundaries of lithospheric plates, which are characterized by earthquakes, increased seismicity, volcanism, intensive heat flows, geothermal manifestations, landslide processes, tsunamis, and other dangerous natural processes and hazards. The Caucasus-Anatolian-Arabian region is a complex highly-stressed geodynamic structure, characterized by an increased heat flow, seismicity, magmatism, and volcanism. The geodynamics of this region is determined by the collision of the Eurasian and Arabian lithosphere plates, as well as by the evolution of the Alpine-Himalayan belt and surrounding areas. A 7.8 magnitude earthquake hit the South-East Turkey and North-West Syria on February 6, 2023. This was the largest earthquake in Turkey since the 1939 Erzincan earthquake, and the second-strongest since the 1668 North Anatolia earthquake. More than 52,800 deaths were confirmed, with about 46,100 in Turkey and 6,700 in Syria. It is the deadliest natural disaster in Turkey’s modern history with the estimated damage of over $100 billion. Aim. To construct geodynamic models for the deep structure of natural hazard regions, which can contribute to the study of active continental margins. This information is necessary for earthquake forecasting and prognosis, as well as for assessing geoecological risks and preparing the population in the event of natural disasters and catastrophes. Materials and methods. The formation and evolution processes of geological structures in complex geodynamic settings, as well as the forecasting and prognosis of natural hazards, required an analysis of all available geological and geophysical data. The methods of mechanical and mathematical modeling were used to formulate and solve the research problems. Results. Geodynamic models of the regions of hazardous natural processes were constructed with the purpose of forecasting and preventing natural disasters and catastrophes. An algorithm for creating monitoring systems was proposed. Conclusion. In several years (1–10 years), another earthquake near Istanbul can be expected. In the case that no large earthquake occurs in the East Anatolian fault in 1–2 years, this event is likely to occur in 100 years only.
{"title":"Earthquakes in Turkey and Syria in 2023 and geodynamics of the Caucasus-Anatolian region","authors":"V. B. Svalova","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-28-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-28-41","url":null,"abstract":" Background. The intensification of natural disasters all over the world requires the development of new approaches to the study of geological processes. This particularly concerns the areas at the boundaries of lithospheric plates, which are characterized by earthquakes, increased seismicity, volcanism, intensive heat flows, geothermal manifestations, landslide processes, tsunamis, and other dangerous natural processes and hazards. The Caucasus-Anatolian-Arabian region is a complex highly-stressed geodynamic structure, characterized by an increased heat flow, seismicity, magmatism, and volcanism. The geodynamics of this region is determined by the collision of the Eurasian and Arabian lithosphere plates, as well as by the evolution of the Alpine-Himalayan belt and surrounding areas. A 7.8 magnitude earthquake hit the South-East Turkey and North-West Syria on February 6, 2023. This was the largest earthquake in Turkey since the 1939 Erzincan earthquake, and the second-strongest since the 1668 North Anatolia earthquake. More than 52,800 deaths were confirmed, with about 46,100 in Turkey and 6,700 in Syria. It is the deadliest natural disaster in Turkey’s modern history with the estimated damage of over $100 billion. Aim. To construct geodynamic models for the deep structure of natural hazard regions, which can contribute to the study of active continental margins. This information is necessary for earthquake forecasting and prognosis, as well as for assessing geoecological risks and preparing the population in the event of natural disasters and catastrophes. Materials and methods. The formation and evolution processes of geological structures in complex geodynamic settings, as well as the forecasting and prognosis of natural hazards, required an analysis of all available geological and geophysical data. The methods of mechanical and mathematical modeling were used to formulate and solve the research problems. Results. Geodynamic models of the regions of hazardous natural processes were constructed with the purpose of forecasting and preventing natural disasters and catastrophes. An algorithm for creating monitoring systems was proposed. Conclusion. In several years (1–10 years), another earthquake near Istanbul can be expected. In the case that no large earthquake occurs in the East Anatolian fault in 1–2 years, this event is likely to occur in 100 years only.","PeriodicalId":33343,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Geologiia i razvedka","volume":"3 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77503753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-87-90
А.Н. Кольчугин, В.П. Морозов, Н.С. Захарова, A. Kolchugin, Vladimir P. Morozov, N. S. Zakharova
We provide a brief description of two editions by Professor Vitaly Germanovich Kuznetsov, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas. These include the textbooks “Lithology” and “Sedimentary rocks and methods for their analysis”, which present particular interest in the context of the lack of educational materials on lithology. The reviewed textbooks will be helpful for geology students mastering lithological disciplines and preparing for graduate examinations in discipline 1.6.5. Lithology.
{"title":"About the textbooks “Lithology” and “Sedimentary rocks and methods for their analysis”","authors":"А.Н. Кольчугин, В.П. Морозов, Н.С. Захарова, A. Kolchugin, Vladimir P. Morozov, N. S. Zakharova","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-87-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-87-90","url":null,"abstract":" We provide a brief description of two editions by Professor Vitaly Germanovich Kuznetsov, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas. These include the textbooks “Lithology” and “Sedimentary rocks and methods for their analysis”, which present particular interest in the context of the lack of educational materials on lithology. The reviewed textbooks will be helpful for geology students mastering lithological disciplines and preparing for graduate examinations in discipline 1.6.5. Lithology.","PeriodicalId":33343,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Geologiia i razvedka","volume":"155 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85178495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-42-51
К.А. Дубровин, О.Е. Вязкова, Kirill A. Dubrovin, O. E. Vyazkova
Background. Tourism is an important economic sector, attracting a large amount of people to historical sites, including architectural and archaeological monuments. At present, the question of their museumification is resolved by considering their historical value and economic expediency. At the same time, the possibility of physically preserving the structures and materials of extant monuments is frequently ignored. Aim. To substantiate the need to study the engineering and geological conditions during museumification of architectural and archaeological monuments to predict their sustainable functioning. Materials and methods. The results of the authors’ long-term field and desktop research into the impact of engineering and geological conditions on the preservation of architectural and archaeological monuments during museumification were generalized and analyzed. Results. Two different scenarios were formulated for carrying out an engineering and geological assessment of the state of not only already museumified monuments, but also those that are supposed to be museumified in order to ensure their long-term, safe and manageable functioning as museums. Conclusion. The need to involve geologists in solving the question of museumification of architectural and archaeological monuments is substantiated. Examples of successful implementation of such a practice, which allowed emergency situations to be avoided, are provided.
{"title":"Engineering and geological aspects in the museumification of architectural and archaeological monuments","authors":"К.А. Дубровин, О.Е. Вязкова, Kirill A. Dubrovin, O. E. Vyazkova","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-42-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-42-51","url":null,"abstract":" Background. Tourism is an important economic sector, attracting a large amount of people to historical sites, including architectural and archaeological monuments. At present, the question of their museumification is resolved by considering their historical value and economic expediency. At the same time, the possibility of physically preserving the structures and materials of extant monuments is frequently ignored. Aim. To substantiate the need to study the engineering and geological conditions during museumification of architectural and archaeological monuments to predict their sustainable functioning. Materials and methods. The results of the authors’ long-term field and desktop research into the impact of engineering and geological conditions on the preservation of architectural and archaeological monuments during museumification were generalized and analyzed. Results. Two different scenarios were formulated for carrying out an engineering and geological assessment of the state of not only already museumified monuments, but also those that are supposed to be museumified in order to ensure their long-term, safe and manageable functioning as museums. Conclusion. The need to involve geologists in solving the question of museumification of architectural and archaeological monuments is substantiated. Examples of successful implementation of such a practice, which allowed emergency situations to be avoided, are provided.","PeriodicalId":33343,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Geologiia i razvedka","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91338991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-76-86
У.С. Серикова, U. S. Serikova
Background. At early evolutionary stages, human societies were characterized by a low level of technological development, therefore referred to as pre-industrial societies. The production process was associated with simple inventions and was based on the muscular strength of animals and humans. The Industrial Revolution marked the advent of industrial societies, the development of which undergoes “technological waves”, or “technological structures”. In total, five “technological structures” can be defined in the evolution of the oil and gas complex in the Caspian region. At present, the oil and gas industry of the countries forming the Caspian region has reached the verge of the sixth technological structure. In this work, the author investigates the prospects and possibilities of an accelerated transition to the sixth technological structure. Aim. To outline the main directions for the transition of the oil and gas industry in the Caspian region to the sixth technological structure. Materials and methods. The methods of retrospective, graphical, statistical, system-structural analysis were used. Results. The main directions for the development of geological exploration, production and processing in the Caspian region were identified, the implementation of which could support the transition to the sixth technological structure.
{"title":"Main directions for the transition of the oil and gas industry to the sixth technological structure in the Caspian region","authors":"У.С. Серикова, U. S. Serikova","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-76-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-76-86","url":null,"abstract":" Background. At early evolutionary stages, human societies were characterized by a low level of technological development, therefore referred to as pre-industrial societies. The production process was associated with simple inventions and was based on the muscular strength of animals and humans. The Industrial Revolution marked the advent of industrial societies, the development of which undergoes “technological waves”, or “technological structures”. In total, five “technological structures” can be defined in the evolution of the oil and gas complex in the Caspian region. At present, the oil and gas industry of the countries forming the Caspian region has reached the verge of the sixth technological structure. In this work, the author investigates the prospects and possibilities of an accelerated transition to the sixth technological structure. Aim. To outline the main directions for the transition of the oil and gas industry in the Caspian region to the sixth technological structure. Materials and methods. The methods of retrospective, graphical, statistical, system-structural analysis were used. Results. The main directions for the development of geological exploration, production and processing in the Caspian region were identified, the implementation of which could support the transition to the sixth technological structure.","PeriodicalId":33343,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Geologiia i razvedka","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84899051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-18-27
M. Alzammar, E. A. Zhegallo
Background. Phosphatized bacteria of various shapes and numerous structures resulting from their vital activity have been found in the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Palmyra phosphorites deposits in Syria. Despite their great importance in the formation of phosphorite deposits, these bacteria have not been previously described in publications on Syrian phosphorites. This fact determines the relevance and originality of this study. Aim. To identify and describe varieties of bacterial microfossils in Syrian phosphorites. Materials and methods. The research material included the authors’ collection of phosphorites from the phosphate layers of the Alsharqiya quarry, thin sections for optical microscopy and samples for electron microscopic analysis. The photos of thin sections were obtained using a MIKMED-5 opticalmicroscope (Russia). A SEM analysis was conducted using a TESCAN VEGA-3, TESCAN VEGA-2 electron microscope (Czech Republic). A semi-quantitative elemental analysis of the sample composition was performed using an EVO-50 Zeiss electron microscope with an INCA Oxford 350 microanalyzer (UK). The samples were sputtered with gold. Results. Five varieties of phosphatized bacteria, and five different structures formed as a result of their vital activity were identified. The internal structure of phosphate grains due to the activity of bacteria was established. Conclusions. In addition to macrobionts (foraminifera, bivalves, bone remains, and other organic remains), a variety of bacteria were involved in the formation of Syrian phosphorites at the stage of sedimentation and diagenesis.
{"title":"Phosphatized bacteria from the cretaceous phosphorites of Syria, Palmyra region","authors":"M. Alzammar, E. A. Zhegallo","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-18-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-18-27","url":null,"abstract":" Background. Phosphatized bacteria of various shapes and numerous structures resulting from their vital activity have been found in the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Palmyra phosphorites deposits in Syria. Despite their great importance in the formation of phosphorite deposits, these bacteria have not been previously described in publications on Syrian phosphorites. This fact determines the relevance and originality of this study. Aim. To identify and describe varieties of bacterial microfossils in Syrian phosphorites. Materials and methods. The research material included the authors’ collection of phosphorites from the phosphate layers of the Alsharqiya quarry, thin sections for optical microscopy and samples for electron microscopic analysis. The photos of thin sections were obtained using a MIKMED-5 opticalmicroscope (Russia). A SEM analysis was conducted using a TESCAN VEGA-3, TESCAN VEGA-2 electron microscope (Czech Republic). A semi-quantitative elemental analysis of the sample composition was performed using an EVO-50 Zeiss electron microscope with an INCA Oxford 350 microanalyzer (UK). The samples were sputtered with gold. Results. Five varieties of phosphatized bacteria, and five different structures formed as a result of their vital activity were identified. The internal structure of phosphate grains due to the activity of bacteria was established. Conclusions. In addition to macrobionts (foraminifera, bivalves, bone remains, and other organic remains), a variety of bacteria were involved in the formation of Syrian phosphorites at the stage of sedimentation and diagenesis.","PeriodicalId":33343,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Geologiia i razvedka","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74315583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-8-17
Д. А. Рубан, Dmitry A. Ruban
Background. In the geological history of the Earth, tsunami events attract particular research attention. Such events are assumed to have taken place already since the Precambrian period. However, the information on Precambrian tsunamis requires systematic generalization. Aim. To generalize the data published on Precambrian tsunamis with a particular focus on their age, distribution, and possible triggers. The character of information about these natural catastrophes also presents interest. Materials and methods. A bibliographical review was conducted based on the developed systematization criteria. The information was collected with the Scopus database. A total of 39 sources (articles in the leading scientific journals) were analyzed. Results. The evidence of tsunami events was obtained for a large part of the Precambrian interval for different regions of the planet. The highest concentrations of the studied catastrophes were established for the end-Early Archean and the Early Proterozoic. Cosmic impacts and earthquakeswere indicated among the triggers. The oldest tsunamis were commonly interpreted by analyzing the composition and textures of rocks. These interpretations frequently proposed no alternative explanations. Discussion. The available information on Precambrian tsunamis lacks completeness. Two hypotheses were formulated, those assuming the influence of the varied frequency of cosmic impacts and the initiation of lithospheric plate tectonics on the occurrence of tsunamis in the Precambrian. Conclusion. Previous studies suggest a wide manifestation of tsunami events in the Precambrian. Further research in this direction seems promising, both for Russian and foreign geologists.
{"title":"Precambrian tsunamis in the light of the modern data","authors":"Д. А. Рубан, Dmitry A. Ruban","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-8-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-3-8-17","url":null,"abstract":" Background. In the geological history of the Earth, tsunami events attract particular research attention. Such events are assumed to have taken place already since the Precambrian period. However, the information on Precambrian tsunamis requires systematic generalization. Aim. To generalize the data published on Precambrian tsunamis with a particular focus on their age, distribution, and possible triggers. The character of information about these natural catastrophes also presents interest. Materials and methods. A bibliographical review was conducted based on the developed systematization criteria. The information was collected with the Scopus database. A total of 39 sources (articles in the leading scientific journals) were analyzed. Results. The evidence of tsunami events was obtained for a large part of the Precambrian interval for different regions of the planet. The highest concentrations of the studied catastrophes were established for the end-Early Archean and the Early Proterozoic. Cosmic impacts and earthquakeswere indicated among the triggers. The oldest tsunamis were commonly interpreted by analyzing the composition and textures of rocks. These interpretations frequently proposed no alternative explanations. Discussion. The available information on Precambrian tsunamis lacks completeness. Two hypotheses were formulated, those assuming the influence of the varied frequency of cosmic impacts and the initiation of lithospheric plate tectonics on the occurrence of tsunamis in the Precambrian. Conclusion. Previous studies suggest a wide manifestation of tsunami events in the Precambrian. Further research in this direction seems promising, both for Russian and foreign geologists.","PeriodicalId":33343,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Geologiia i razvedka","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89314261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-2-74-84
S. Salmanov, Z. Nazarova, Yulia Leonidova
Background. The development and implementation of the life cycle concepts of extracted raw materials seems promising for the sustainable development of mineral resources by a mining company. The practical implementation of such concepts requires a system of theoretical, methodological, analytical, and organizational procedures developed in close collaboration by state officials, researchers, and subsoil users with a particular focus on the responsibility of producers.Aim. To carry out an analysis of the existing theoretical concepts for managing the mineral resource base of mining companies and to assess their implementation prospects. The following objectives were formulated: 1) to analyze the current situation in the field of reproduction of mineral resources; 2) to review the management approaches currently used to reproduce mineral resources; 3) to evaluate the prospects of modern concepts for the management of mineral resources in the mining industry.Materials and methods of research. The authors analyzed the publications of foreign and domestic authors in the field of sustainable development. The complex of studies included an analysis of the theoretical concepts of management of reproduction of the mineral resource base developed to date, grouping of key indicators for assessing the sustainability of a mining enterprise, comparing approaches to management of reproduction of the mineral resource base and others.Results. Specific features of the mechanistic approach to the management of mineral resources, as well as its limitations and drawbacks, were analyzed. Particular attention was paid to a concept of the life cycle of a mining plant. The possibilities and prospects of using a methodology of mineral resource capacity management are described.Conclusions. The transition to modern concepts in the management of mining enterprises can be achieved under the condition of changing the existing orientation to super-profitable gross mining to that balancing social, environmental, and economic considerations.
{"title":"Management concepts for the sustainable development of mineral resources","authors":"S. Salmanov, Z. Nazarova, Yulia Leonidova","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-2-74-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-2-74-84","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The development and implementation of the life cycle concepts of extracted raw materials seems promising for the sustainable development of mineral resources by a mining company. The practical implementation of such concepts requires a system of theoretical, methodological, analytical, and organizational procedures developed in close collaboration by state officials, researchers, and subsoil users with a particular focus on the responsibility of producers.Aim. To carry out an analysis of the existing theoretical concepts for managing the mineral resource base of mining companies and to assess their implementation prospects. The following objectives were formulated: 1) to analyze the current situation in the field of reproduction of mineral resources; 2) to review the management approaches currently used to reproduce mineral resources; 3) to evaluate the prospects of modern concepts for the management of mineral resources in the mining industry.Materials and methods of research. The authors analyzed the publications of foreign and domestic authors in the field of sustainable development. The complex of studies included an analysis of the theoretical concepts of management of reproduction of the mineral resource base developed to date, grouping of key indicators for assessing the sustainability of a mining enterprise, comparing approaches to management of reproduction of the mineral resource base and others.Results. Specific features of the mechanistic approach to the management of mineral resources, as well as its limitations and drawbacks, were analyzed. Particular attention was paid to a concept of the life cycle of a mining plant. The possibilities and prospects of using a methodology of mineral resource capacity management are described.Conclusions. The transition to modern concepts in the management of mining enterprises can be achieved under the condition of changing the existing orientation to super-profitable gross mining to that balancing social, environmental, and economic considerations.","PeriodicalId":33343,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Geologiia i razvedka","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88594041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-2-92-99
V. Kuznetsov
This article is dedicated to the role of L.V. Pustovalov in creating the theoretical foundations of sedimentary research in Russia, including determination and substantiation of the most important regularities governing sedimentary processes and their stages. The constituting stages of sedimentary processes, such as weathering, transport, and deposition, were identified and described. These stages lead to the differentiation of sedimentary material and the formation of sedimentary rocks of different composition and structure. The concepts of the stages of diagenesis and epigenesist (catagenesis) were formulated. For the first time, specific features of sedimentary process evolution were outlined, including sedimentation conditions and formation of individual sedimentary minerals and rocks.
{"title":"L. V. Pustovalov and the establishment of sedimentary research in Russia","authors":"V. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-2-92-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-2-92-99","url":null,"abstract":"This article is dedicated to the role of L.V. Pustovalov in creating the theoretical foundations of sedimentary research in Russia, including determination and substantiation of the most important regularities governing sedimentary processes and their stages. The constituting stages of sedimentary processes, such as weathering, transport, and deposition, were identified and described. These stages lead to the differentiation of sedimentary material and the formation of sedimentary rocks of different composition and structure. The concepts of the stages of diagenesis and epigenesist (catagenesis) were formulated. For the first time, specific features of sedimentary process evolution were outlined, including sedimentation conditions and formation of individual sedimentary minerals and rocks.","PeriodicalId":33343,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Geologiia i razvedka","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82353316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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