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GLOBAL MARKET OF SPECIAL MACHINERY AND MINING EQUIPMENT IN 2022: WILL CHINA BE ABLE TO PROVIDE SUPPLIES TO RUSSIA? 2022年全球特种机械和矿山设备市场:中国能否向俄罗斯提供供应?
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2227-5568-2022-04-156-172
E. Rastyannikova
The article examines the global market of special machinery and equipment for the mining industry. This market is characterized by a high degree of monopolization and customization. Since the beginning of the 2010s, significant transformations have been observed in this market. International corporations from developed countries producing equipment for the mining industry have increased production volumes in Asian countries. Chinese companies have managed to break in and gain a foothold in this ultra-monopolized area of production. In 2022 due to the disruption of global supply chains and the acute crisis in the countries of the collective West, the role of the China has increased even more. The article analyzes the question to what extent Russia, which is under the sanctions of the collective West, will be able to provide its economy with the necessary special machinery, what is the role of China in the Russian market of imported equipment for the mining industry.
本文考察了全球采矿业专用机械设备市场。这个市场的特点是高度垄断和定制化。自2010年代初以来,这个市场发生了重大变化。为采矿业生产设备的发达国家的国际公司增加了在亚洲国家的产量。中国企业已经成功打入并在这个极度垄断的生产领域站稳了脚跟。在2022年,由于全球供应链的中断和西方集体国家的严重危机,中国的作用更加增强。文章分析了在西方集体制裁下的俄罗斯在多大程度上能够为其经济提供必要的特种机械,以及中国在俄罗斯进口采矿设备市场上的作用。
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引用次数: 0
CHINA'S FOREIGN ECONOMIC PROJECTS IN THE RAILWAY SECTOR 中国对外经济项目在铁路领域
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2227-5568-2022-01-048-066
N. Semenova
China, long before the Belt and Road Initatve was announced, formed a strategic plan for the constructon of internatonal railways. Afer the Chinese government formally proposed a strategy for Chinese high‑speed rail to enter the overseas high‑speed rail market in 2009, the actvity of Chinese railway constructon contnues to grow. The PRC has accelerated the modernizaton of its internal railways and has created the world's most advanced high‑speed rail system. The unifcaton and standardizaton of the constructon process of high‑speed railways, rolling stock, infrastructure facilites and new technologies within the framework of the «Made in China» program has made it possible to create a unique world‑class product – high‑speed railways of the Chinese standard and enter the internatonal market with it. The Belt and Road Initatve not only provided additonal acceleraton, but also created a theoretcal basis for the «prestge» of partcipaton in the initatve. As part of the Belt and Road Initatve, the internatonalizaton of China's railway standards has yielded positve results. Many BRI rail projects have been completed and operatonal. As a rule, not only Chinese technical standards are used in constructon, but also basic engineering materials, rolling stock, engineering and constructon equipment, Chinese builders and maintenance personnel. But the PRC's energetc actons in promotng the Belt and Road Initatve cannot be called unimpeded. Many projects with Chinese partcipaton remain untl the tme in the form of agreements or for various reasons, fnancial, domestc politcal, technical and reasons of "lack of a common vision" are postponed or suspended. The artcle examines the major rail constructon projects with Chinese partcipaton, completed and under constructon, in Eurasia, Africa and South America.
早在“一带一路”倡议提出之前,中国就形成了国际铁路建设的战略规划。自2009年中国政府正式提出中国高铁进入海外高铁市场战略后,中国铁路建设活动持续增长。中国加快了国内铁路的现代化,创造了世界上最先进的高速铁路系统。在“中国制造”框架下,高速铁路、机车车辆、基础设施和新技术建设过程的统一和标准化,使中国标准的高速铁路成为独一无二的世界一流产品,并由此进入国际市场。“一带一路”倡议不仅提供了额外的加速,而且为参与该倡议的“声望”创造了理论基础。作为“一带一路”建设的一部分,中国铁路标准国际化取得了积极成果。许多“一带一路”铁路项目已经建成并投入运营。通常,在施工中不仅使用中国的技术标准,而且还使用基础工程材料、机车车辆、工程和施工设备、中国的施工人员和维修人员。但中国在推动“一带一路”倡议方面的积极行动不能说是畅通无阻的。许多有中国参与的项目一直以协议的形式存在,或者由于各种原因,财政、国内政治、技术和“缺乏共同愿景”的原因,被推迟或暂停。本文考察了中国在欧亚大陆、非洲和南美洲参与的已建成和在建的主要铁路建设项目。
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引用次数: 0
THE DPRK W ILL «ALWAYS STAND IN THE SAME TRENCH WITH THE ARMY AND PEOPLE OF RUSSIA» 朝鲜将永远与俄罗斯军队和人民站在同一条战壕里
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2227-5568-2023-02-054-060
A. Vorontsov
The words quoted in the title of the article, spoken by Kim Yo Jong, the native sister of the DPRK leader Kim Jong Un, the de-facto second person in the state, express as fully and eloquently as possible the essence of North Korea's policy aimed at unconditional support of the Russian special military operation (SMO) in Ukraine. Pyongyang demonstrates an unprecedented degree of support for Moscow in the international arena on key issues. The aforementioned statement of January 27 this year by Kim Yo Jong, the sister of the DPRK leader, was the strongest, but one of many in a chain of similar steps in the DPRK's consistent line of support for Russia in its confrontation with the West. Among these: the establishment in July 2022 of formal diplomatic relations with the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics. The DPRK, having officially recognized on October 4, 2022 the results of referendums in the DPR, LPR, Zaporozhye and Kherson regions about joining Russia and legality of the fact of their joining Russia, became the first and so far the only state in the world, which dared to take such a courageous step. As 02.03.2022, and 23.02.2023, the DPRK voted against the resolutions of the UN GA, which condemned Russia for conducting SMO in Ukraine. Such partners, de facto allies as North Korea, identified at the end of the year since the start of SMO, Russia in the world can be counted on the fingers of one hand.
文章标题中引用的金与正(Kim Yo Jong,朝鲜领导人金正恩的妹妹,朝鲜事实上的第二号人物)的话,尽可能充分和雄辩地表达了朝鲜旨在无条件支持俄罗斯在乌克兰的特别军事行动(SMO)的政策实质。在国际舞台上,平壤在关键问题上对莫斯科表现出前所未有的支持。上述朝鲜领导人的妹妹金与正(Kim Yo Jong)今年1月27日发表的声明是最强硬的,但也是朝鲜在与西方对抗中一贯支持俄罗斯的一系列类似举措中的一个。其中包括:2022年7月与顿涅茨克和卢甘斯克人民共和国建立正式外交关系。朝鲜于2022年10月4日正式承认了在DPRK、LPR、扎波罗热和赫尔松地区举行的关于加入俄罗斯的全民公决结果及其加入俄罗斯事实的合法性,成为世界上第一个也是迄今为止唯一一个敢于迈出这一勇敢步骤的国家。2022年3月2日和2023年2月23日,朝鲜分别对谴责俄罗斯在乌克兰进行军事演习的联合国大会决议投了反对票。在SMO开始后的去年年末,像北韩这样的“事实上的盟友”和俄罗斯这样的伙伴,在世界上可以用一只手的手指来数。
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引用次数: 0
ВЛИЯНИЕ ПАНДЕМИИ COVID‑19 НА ТУРИЗМ В СТРАНАХ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2227-5568-2023-01-009-018
Людмила Aristova
После начала пандемии COVID-19 в 2020 г. в государствах Центральной Азии, как и во многих других странах мира, произошло закрытие многих туристических маршрутов и центров. В настоящее время в странах ЦА принимаются меры по восстановлению отрасли. Разрабатываются новые маршруты и формы развития туризма с учетом текущих реалий.
自2020年爆发以来,中亚国家和世界上许多其他国家一样,许多旅游路线和中心被关闭。目前,在发展中国家正在采取措施恢复该行业。考虑到目前的现实,正在制定新的旅游路线和形式。
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引用次数: 0
PERCEPTION OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN CONFLICT IN PAKISTAN AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR THE COUNTRY 对巴基斯坦的俄乌冲突及其对该国的影响的看法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2227-5568-2023-02-154-162
Irina N. Serenko
In this article, an attempt has been made to consider the consequences of Russia-Ukraine conflict, provoked by USA, not only at the global and regional, but at the country level, as well. By the Pakistan example it has been shown the Washington's attempts to use in the implicit form this new hotbed of tension to remove the unsuitable government of Imran Khan, which led to the polarization of the society social structure, plunged at present stage into deep economic and political crises threatening unpredictable internal and external consequences for the Pakistani state.
在本文中,试图考虑由美国挑起的俄乌冲突的后果,不仅在全球和地区,而且在国家层面。巴基斯坦的例子表明,华盛顿试图以隐含的形式利用这一新的紧张温床来推翻不合适的伊姆兰汗政府,这导致了社会结构的两极分化,在目前阶段陷入深刻的经济和政治危机,威胁到巴基斯坦国家不可预测的内部和外部后果。
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引用次数: 0
ARAB RAILWAYS BEFORE THE CHALLENGES OF TIME 阿拉伯铁路面临着时间的挑战
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2227-5568-2021-01-108-133
A. Filonik
Track lines and rolling stock form a single organism that provides massive cargo transportation over long distances. He has an indisputable role in solving many economic problems, including in the Arab East. However, all national indicators that relate to the topic under consideration are highly differentiated and depend on the conditions in each specific country. Freight rail transport, although it occupies its own niche in the economic infrastructure of a number of countries in the region, is nevertheless underdeveloped or underutilized until now, since it faces competition from road communications of the same profile. Railways has received recently a more definite impetus for the development as an alternative to bus services due to the outstripping rates of population growth and the need to move passenger flows in a short time and over long distances. However, in the last decade, the demand for freight transportation has been growing, as a result of the internationalization of the international economic space and the creation of long transport corridors that connect the places of production with remote processing centers or with seaports through which markets on different continents are supplied. At least at the moment, the relatively developed Arab countries have sufficient railway potential for the implementation of these tasks, although work is already in full swing on projects related to the increase in the length and density of track lines. Arab oil exporters of the Persian Gulf are also striving to become cargo hubs for transshipment of goods and transportation of hydrocarbons and oil products. They are rapidly laying cross-border lines and crossings between the members of the GCC, although before they did not have gauge tracks at all due to short distances and the absence of the need to duplicate oil and product pipelines. Now the Arabs intend to use their geographic advantages and integrate into transport chains required by the world's largest producers.
轨道线路和机车车辆构成一个整体,提供长距离的大量货物运输。他在解决许多经济问题方面发挥着无可争议的作用,包括在阿拉伯东方。但是,与审议中的专题有关的所有国家指标差别很大,取决于每个具体国家的情况。货运铁路运输虽然在本区域一些国家的经济基础设施中占有一席之地,但由于它面临同类型公路交通的竞争,至今仍不发达或利用不足。由于人口增长速度过快,需要在短时间内长途运输客流,铁路作为公共汽车服务的替代方案,最近得到了更明确的发展动力。然而,在过去十年中,由于国际经济空间的国际化和建立了将生产地与远程加工中心或海港连接起来的长运输走廊,对货运的需求一直在增长,通过这些走廊向不同大陆的市场供应货物。至少在目前,相对发达的阿拉伯国家有足够的铁路潜力来执行这些任务,尽管与增加轨道线路长度和密度有关的项目的工作已经全面展开。波斯湾的阿拉伯石油出口国也在努力成为货物转运和碳氢化合物和石油产品运输的货运中心。它们正在海湾合作委员会成员国之间迅速铺设跨境线路和过境点,尽管以前它们根本没有轨距轨道,因为距离短,而且不需要重复铺设石油和产品管道。现在,阿拉伯人打算利用他们的地理优势,融入世界上最大的生产商所要求的运输链。
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引用次数: 0
MONGOLIA’S NEUTRAL POSITION ON RUSSIA’S SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION IN UKRAINE: A YEAR LATER 一年后,蒙古对俄罗斯在乌克兰的特别军事行动持中立立场
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2227-5568-2023-02-074-084
V. Grayvoronskiy
The article discusses the results of the implementation of the official Mongolia's neutral foreign policy and public opinion regarding the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and Russia's Special Military Operation in Ukraine (SMO), analyzes the results of a public opinion poll in Mongolia organized by the Mongolian Public Opinion Foundation «Sant Maral» and the German Konrad Adenauer Foundation, the influence of pro-Western, pro-American, antiRussian information warfare and propaganda on various layers of civil society in Mongolia, especially on young people.
本文论述了蒙古官方对俄乌冲突和俄罗斯在乌克兰的特别军事行动(SMO)的中立外交政策和舆论的实施结果,分析了蒙古民意基金会“Sant Maral”和德国康拉德·阿登纳基金会在蒙古组织的民意调查结果,亲西方、亲美、反俄信息战和对蒙古公民社会各阶层的宣传,尤其是对年轻人。
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引用次数: 0
CAN CHINA HELP RUSSIA TO OVERCOME WEST SANCTION PRESSURE? 中国能帮助俄罗斯克服西方的制裁压力吗?
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2227-5568-2022-03-061-082
E. Borisova
China's support for Russia in its confrontation with Western countries in the form of verbal interventions is obvious. Russian business also expected the strengthening of cooperation with its eastern neighbor in the financial, technological and trade areas. However, the development of interaction in these areas is not so pronounced. The article analyzes the development of bilateral cooperation after the start of Russia's special military operation in Ukraine in the field of trade, finance, logistics, energy and technology.
中国以口头干预的形式支持俄罗斯与西方国家的对抗是显而易见的。俄罗斯商界也期待加强与这个东部邻国在金融、技术和贸易领域的合作。然而,这些领域相互作用的发展并不那么明显。文章分析了俄乌特种军事行动开始后两国在贸易、金融、物流、能源、技术等领域的合作发展情况。
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引用次数: 1
RUSSIA, PAKISTAN AND UZBEKISTAN: NEW TRANSPORT PROJECTS IN EURASIA AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF MULTILATERAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION 俄罗斯、巴基斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦:欧亚大陆的新运输项目和多边经济合作的发展
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2227-5568-2021-02-029-036
A. Vorobyev
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引用次数: 0
BLOCKCHAIN: GLOBAL TRENDS AND APPLICATIONS IN EASTERN COUNTRIES 区块链:全球趋势和在东方国家的应用
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2227-5568-2021-01-067-082
Vitaly G. Kandalintsev
The article deals with current issues of development and application of blockchain as one of the leading technologies that ensure the digital transformation of the economy. The article provides evidence of strengthening the reputation of this technology in the business community and expanding the range of industry-specific blockchain solutions. The article analyzes the experience of Eastern countries, in particular, China and Australia, on the accelerated development of blockchain in the interests of the national economy.
本文讨论了区块链作为确保经济数字化转型的领先技术之一的开发和应用的当前问题。本文提供了加强该技术在商业界的声誉和扩大行业特定区块链解决方案范围的证据。文章分析了东方国家,特别是中国和澳大利亚在加速发展区块链以造福国民经济方面的经验。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Eastern Analytics
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