Pub Date : 2020-02-03DOI: 10.1163/157338411X12870596615313
J. R. Russell
Unordained clergy make Armenian prayer scrolls, which go back to the amulets against the Child-stealing Witch. They are analogous to the MSS of Ethiopian Christians, made often by charismatic and socially marginal figures. This art found a niche in East Christian society; but none was provided for the appropriately named "outsider" art and the art of the insane in the West, which often expresses religious visions and sentiments that the artistic and mental health establishments—rather than an ecclesiastical order this time!—have forced to the margin of society or beyond it.Despite the early efforts of Frederic Macler, though Armenian magical and talismanic texts have been edited and published there has been little study of the art as such of the manuscripts that contain them. Perhaps because of their greater flamboyance and their situation partially in an African context, it is the analogous material of the Ethiopian Christian tradition that has received art historical attention. And modern avowedly religious art of almost any kind in the West became so generally marginalised in criticism that much of it, including the art of people labelled insane, has come to be studied, if at all, under the rubric of art brut or outsider art. Since the makers of folk-religious-magical art in Armenia (the tirac'u) and in Ethiopia (the debtera) are sometimes marginal figures like outsider artists, I have attempted in this essay to initiate an approach to Armenian magical and talismanic art that employs the comparative method and takes advantage of the insights of studies of outsider art, the art of the psychologically abnormal, and the art of self-taught religious visionaries.
{"title":"The Armenian Magical Scroll and Outsider Art","authors":"J. R. Russell","doi":"10.1163/157338411X12870596615313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157338411X12870596615313","url":null,"abstract":"Unordained clergy make Armenian prayer scrolls, which go back to the amulets against the Child-stealing Witch. They are analogous to the MSS of Ethiopian Christians, made often by charismatic and socially marginal figures. This art found a niche in East Christian society; but none was provided for the appropriately named \"outsider\" art and the art of the insane in the West, which often expresses religious visions and sentiments that the artistic and mental health establishments—rather than an ecclesiastical order this time!—have forced to the margin of society or beyond it.Despite the early efforts of Frederic Macler, though Armenian magical and talismanic texts have been edited and published there has been little study of the art as such of the manuscripts that contain them. Perhaps because of their greater flamboyance and their situation partially in an African context, it is the analogous material of the Ethiopian Christian tradition that has received art historical attention. And modern avowedly religious art of almost any kind in the West became so generally marginalised in criticism that much of it, including the art of people labelled insane, has come to be studied, if at all, under the rubric of art brut or outsider art. Since the makers of folk-religious-magical art in Armenia (the tirac'u) and in Ethiopia (the debtera) are sometimes marginal figures like outsider artists, I have attempted in this essay to initiate an approach to Armenian magical and talismanic art that employs the comparative method and takes advantage of the insights of studies of outsider art, the art of the psychologically abnormal, and the art of self-taught religious visionaries.","PeriodicalId":334643,"journal":{"name":"Poets, Heroes, and their Dragons (2 vols)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123236185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-03DOI: 10.1163/9789004235458_018
J. R. Russell
This chapter approaches that question, albeit with respect to the Prologue to Ruslan and Ludmila ; rather than the larger poem: Is there the possibility of a profound, symbolic, spiritually fulfilling meaning? One starts with a cursory survey of the history of the text, its literary context, and its reception; this is followed by a close reading. One then employs an illustration of the poem after Pushkin's death by the rather obscure artist Ramazanov to establish a visual structure, as though the poem were ekphrastic, travelling from left to right and up and down, onto the temporally sequential scene established by Pushkin. The chapter also explores the work of several visionary Russian writers after Pushkin: Vladimir Nabokov, Velimir Khlebnikov, and Daniil Kharms - who have been inspired by elements of the Prologue . Keywords:Daniil Kharms; Prologue to Ruslan and Ludmila ; Pushkin; Ramazanov; Russian poetic art; Velimir Khlebnikov; Vladimir Nabokov
{"title":"The Curving Shore of Time and Space: Notes on the Prologue to Pushkin’s Ruslan and Ludmila","authors":"J. R. Russell","doi":"10.1163/9789004235458_018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004235458_018","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter approaches that question, albeit with respect to the Prologue to Ruslan and Ludmila ; rather than the larger poem: Is there the possibility of a profound, symbolic, spiritually fulfilling meaning? One starts with a cursory survey of the history of the text, its literary context, and its reception; this is followed by a close reading. One then employs an illustration of the poem after Pushkin's death by the rather obscure artist Ramazanov to establish a visual structure, as though the poem were ekphrastic, travelling from left to right and up and down, onto the temporally sequential scene established by Pushkin. The chapter also explores the work of several visionary Russian writers after Pushkin: Vladimir Nabokov, Velimir Khlebnikov, and Daniil Kharms - who have been inspired by elements of the Prologue . Keywords:Daniil Kharms; Prologue to Ruslan and Ludmila ; Pushkin; Ramazanov; Russian poetic art; Velimir Khlebnikov; Vladimir Nabokov","PeriodicalId":334643,"journal":{"name":"Poets, Heroes, and their Dragons (2 vols)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128588984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-03DOI: 10.1163/9789004460737_029
{"title":"On an Armenian Magical Manuscript","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004460737_029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004460737_029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":334643,"journal":{"name":"Poets, Heroes, and their Dragons (2 vols)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121669525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-03DOI: 10.1163/9789004460737_012
{"title":"Hārūt and Mārūt:","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004460737_012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004460737_012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":334643,"journal":{"name":"Poets, Heroes, and their Dragons (2 vols)","volume":"77 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133636898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-03DOI: 10.1163/9789004460737_037
R. RussellJ.
The question of the authorship of the two Homeric epics — whether there was one Homer, or two — has vexed scholars since the inception of critical literary study. The more bellicose, less inner and mysterious Iliad was by far the more popular poem in antiquity. And although the later Aeneid of Virgil tendentiously fuses together war and nostos (homecoming), it is of arms and a man, not a man of many ways and wiles, that the Roman poet sings. Odysseus is likened, invidiously, to a Canaanite (Phoenician) traveling merchant in his flexibility and adaptability — he, the “rootless cosmopolitan” of his remote age, resonates with the predicament of alienation of modern man and with the psychological depth of the modern literary sensibility, then bellicose, candid, limited Achilles and Aeneas. It is proposed in the article that the Odyssey employs the topos of a man traveling in search of lost members of his family, with a happy resolution, that seems indeed to have been peculiarly popular over many centuries with Phoenicians and Carthaginians. The author suggests indeed that Menaechmus, the name of a character in a play based on this topos with a Punic setting that might even have been performed, in a Northwest Semitic translation in Qart Ḥadašt (Newtown, i.e., Carthage) itself, is merely the very common Hebrew name Menachem. And it is noted that the topos recurs, employed in aid of religious propaganda of the Jewish Christians, in the setting of the PseudoClementine Recognitions.
{"title":"Odysseus and a Phoenician Tale","authors":"R. RussellJ.","doi":"10.1163/9789004460737_037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004460737_037","url":null,"abstract":"The question of the authorship of the two Homeric epics — whether there was one Homer, or two — has vexed scholars since the inception of critical literary study. The more bellicose, less inner and mysterious Iliad was by far the more popular poem in antiquity. And although the later Aeneid of Virgil tendentiously fuses together war and nostos (homecoming), it is of arms and a man, not a man of many ways and wiles, that the Roman poet sings. Odysseus is likened, invidiously, to a Canaanite (Phoenician) traveling merchant in his flexibility and adaptability — he, the “rootless cosmopolitan” of his remote age, resonates with the predicament of alienation of modern man and with the psychological depth of the modern literary sensibility, then bellicose, candid, limited Achilles and Aeneas. It is proposed in the article that the Odyssey employs the topos of a man traveling in search of lost members of his family, with a happy resolution, that seems indeed to have been peculiarly popular over many centuries with Phoenicians and Carthaginians. The author suggests indeed that Menaechmus, the name of a character in a play based on this topos with a Punic setting that might even have been performed, in a Northwest Semitic translation in Qart Ḥadašt (Newtown, i.e., Carthage) itself, is merely the very common Hebrew name Menachem. And it is noted that the topos recurs, employed in aid of religious propaganda of the Jewish Christians, in the setting of the PseudoClementine Recognitions.","PeriodicalId":334643,"journal":{"name":"Poets, Heroes, and their Dragons (2 vols)","volume":"317 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114195233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-03DOI: 10.1163/9789004460737_007
{"title":"The Cross and the Lotus:","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004460737_007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004460737_007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":334643,"journal":{"name":"Poets, Heroes, and their Dragons (2 vols)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121693340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-03DOI: 10.1163/9789004460737_022
{"title":"Misak‘ Medzarents‘: The Calm Before the Storm","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004460737_022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004460737_022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":334643,"journal":{"name":"Poets, Heroes, and their Dragons (2 vols)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131808014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-03DOI: 10.1163/9789004460737_010
{"title":"Heaven Is Here and the Emperor Is Near: A Traveler’s Guide to Heaven","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004460737_010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004460737_010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":334643,"journal":{"name":"Poets, Heroes, and their Dragons (2 vols)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125124530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-03DOI: 10.1163/9789004270268_005
J. R. Russell
This chapter concerns the fourth and last of the great heroes of the line of Sasun, "Little" Mher (Mithra), son of the slain David. Mithra, then, merits particular attention in the discussion of apocalyptic in Armenia. The individual recitations of variant narratives enable one to discover details that the artificial, composite texts obscure. In the midst of this crisis, Naomi Shemer was asked to write a song for the festival to be held in Jerusalem on 15 May, the anniversary in the Western calendar of the founding of the State nineteen years earlier. Apocalypse predicates upon the destruction of world the instauration of eternal life. The variant recitations of Armenian Epic of Sasun mention both, but never do so in a conclusive way. The restored cosmos is simply being at home again in Jerusalem, or Van. Keywords: apocalypse; Armenian epic of Sasun; Jerusalem; Mithra; Van
{"title":"The Epic of Sasun: Armenian Apocalypse","authors":"J. R. Russell","doi":"10.1163/9789004270268_005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004270268_005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter concerns the fourth and last of the great heroes of the line of Sasun, \"Little\" Mher (Mithra), son of the slain David. Mithra, then, merits particular attention in the discussion of apocalyptic in Armenia. The individual recitations of variant narratives enable one to discover details that the artificial, composite texts obscure. In the midst of this crisis, Naomi Shemer was asked to write a song for the festival to be held in Jerusalem on 15 May, the anniversary in the Western calendar of the founding of the State nineteen years earlier. Apocalypse predicates upon the destruction of world the instauration of eternal life. The variant recitations of Armenian Epic of Sasun mention both, but never do so in a conclusive way. The restored cosmos is simply being at home again in Jerusalem, or Van. Keywords: apocalypse; Armenian epic of Sasun; Jerusalem; Mithra; Van","PeriodicalId":334643,"journal":{"name":"Poets, Heroes, and their Dragons (2 vols)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126155968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-03DOI: 10.1163/9789004460737_001
{"title":"Preliminary Material","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004460737_001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004460737_001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":334643,"journal":{"name":"Poets, Heroes, and their Dragons (2 vols)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122849637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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