Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2018.8469892
B. Illing, S. Naumann, Stefan Klaiber, Oliver Warweg
The integration of renewable energy generation into gross electricity consumption is a major target of the German government. This target causes a need of more flexibility within the energy market and the related market processes. Therefore new approaches for optimized operating strategies for a reliable electricity supply system have to be developed. The approach of the coordinated market and grid operation (CMGO) which was developed within the venture REGEES (REGenerative rEnewable Electricity System) represents such a new process to harmonize market and system interests. The influence of this approach on the energy market mostly depends on technical, economic and social conditions. These conditions are described by scenarios. This paper focusses on developing a methodology to design scenarios. This methodology is applied to a case study. Within the market model FENIA the influence on the market in terms of the spot market price of the year 2035 is calculated. Based on these prices an optimization model [2] is used to analyse the effect of the CMGO.
{"title":"Market Scenarios for Integration of Distribution System Operators within the Scheduling System","authors":"B. Illing, S. Naumann, Stefan Klaiber, Oliver Warweg","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2018.8469892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2018.8469892","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of renewable energy generation into gross electricity consumption is a major target of the German government. This target causes a need of more flexibility within the energy market and the related market processes. Therefore new approaches for optimized operating strategies for a reliable electricity supply system have to be developed. The approach of the coordinated market and grid operation (CMGO) which was developed within the venture REGEES (REGenerative rEnewable Electricity System) represents such a new process to harmonize market and system interests. The influence of this approach on the energy market mostly depends on technical, economic and social conditions. These conditions are described by scenarios. This paper focusses on developing a methodology to design scenarios. This methodology is applied to a case study. Within the market model FENIA the influence on the market in terms of the spot market price of the year 2035 is calculated. Based on these prices an optimization model [2] is used to analyse the effect of the CMGO.","PeriodicalId":334674,"journal":{"name":"2018 15th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134377729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2018.8469977
Jonas K. Sekamane
This paper investigates whether positive forecast errors influence the intraday price differently than negative forecast errors. The regression analysis focuses on the Nordic intraday market. With this paper we show that no price asymmetries exist, and that previous conclusions are non-robust to reanalysis with a different model specification. The model specification in this paper solves the issue with autocorrelation, which have troubled previous studies. Specifically, the order of autoregressive and moving average parts depend on the time of day, since the underlying autocorrelation structure of the price data differs noticeably with the time of day.
{"title":"Reanalysing Price Asymmetries in the Nordic Intraday Market","authors":"Jonas K. Sekamane","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2018.8469977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2018.8469977","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates whether positive forecast errors influence the intraday price differently than negative forecast errors. The regression analysis focuses on the Nordic intraday market. With this paper we show that no price asymmetries exist, and that previous conclusions are non-robust to reanalysis with a different model specification. The model specification in this paper solves the issue with autocorrelation, which have troubled previous studies. Specifically, the order of autoregressive and moving average parts depend on the time of day, since the underlying autocorrelation structure of the price data differs noticeably with the time of day.","PeriodicalId":334674,"journal":{"name":"2018 15th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131517949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2018.8469902
Alexander Dreher, D. Jost, Scott Otterson, Patrick Hochloff
This paper presents an approach to quantify the reliability or security level of a pool of flexibility providing controllable energy units (CEUs). In this pool, a backup unit secures the flexibility capacity of the largest flexibility providing unit. The security level is then applied to determine the flexibility capacity of a common pool of wind farms and CEUs, making use of probabilistic wind forecasts. The paper advances previous research conducted in a joint project with industry partners on Frequency Restoration Reserve (FRR) provision of pools of wind farms and controllable power plants.
{"title":"Pooled Frequency Restoration Reserve Provision by Wind Farms and Controllable Energy Units","authors":"Alexander Dreher, D. Jost, Scott Otterson, Patrick Hochloff","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2018.8469902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2018.8469902","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an approach to quantify the reliability or security level of a pool of flexibility providing controllable energy units (CEUs). In this pool, a backup unit secures the flexibility capacity of the largest flexibility providing unit. The security level is then applied to determine the flexibility capacity of a common pool of wind farms and CEUs, making use of probabilistic wind forecasts. The paper advances previous research conducted in a joint project with industry partners on Frequency Restoration Reserve (FRR) provision of pools of wind farms and controllable power plants.","PeriodicalId":334674,"journal":{"name":"2018 15th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131594500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2018.8469821
Meng Song, M. Amelin, Xue Wang, A. Saleem
Sharing schemes are emerging in residential and business sectors to reduce the purchase and operation cost of individuals. This paper proposes a framework to support the operational management of a shared EV fleet. An optimization algorithm is developed to coordinate the charging and reservation assignment using mixed integer programming. The integration with local PV production and battery storage is taken into account. A booking algorithm is also developed to determine whether a reservation can be accepted or not. Monte Carlo simulation is performed in the case study to demonstrate an application of the proposed framework with the Swedish travel patterns. The result provides an overview about the utilization rate of the fleet with different number of EVs, which can support the investment decision of an EV sharing community. The result also shows that the EVs and battery are effectively coordinated to minimize the total cost, satisfy the reservations and comply with grid limits.
{"title":"Optimized Operational Management of an EV Sharing Community Integrated with Battery Energy Storage and PV Generation","authors":"Meng Song, M. Amelin, Xue Wang, A. Saleem","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2018.8469821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2018.8469821","url":null,"abstract":"Sharing schemes are emerging in residential and business sectors to reduce the purchase and operation cost of individuals. This paper proposes a framework to support the operational management of a shared EV fleet. An optimization algorithm is developed to coordinate the charging and reservation assignment using mixed integer programming. The integration with local PV production and battery storage is taken into account. A booking algorithm is also developed to determine whether a reservation can be accepted or not. Monte Carlo simulation is performed in the case study to demonstrate an application of the proposed framework with the Swedish travel patterns. The result provides an overview about the utilization rate of the fleet with different number of EVs, which can support the investment decision of an EV sharing community. The result also shows that the EVs and battery are effectively coordinated to minimize the total cost, satisfy the reservations and comply with grid limits.","PeriodicalId":334674,"journal":{"name":"2018 15th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130875506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2018.8469832
Sigurd Bjarghov, G. Doorman
The Norwegian regulator has proposed a new grid tariff, based on capacity subscription, where the consumer pays an excess fee whenever he exceeds the subscribed level. We compare this tariff with a variant of capacity subscription where demand is physcially limited to the subscribed level, but where the limitation is activated only when there is grid congestion. The results show that this can be an attractive option if demand can be flexibly controlled to stay below the subscribed limit, which is increasingly possible. Use of a battery is also attractive, but the investment costs are still much too high.
{"title":"Utilizing End-User Flexibility for Demand Management Under Capacity Subscription Tariffs","authors":"Sigurd Bjarghov, G. Doorman","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2018.8469832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2018.8469832","url":null,"abstract":"The Norwegian regulator has proposed a new grid tariff, based on capacity subscription, where the consumer pays an excess fee whenever he exceeds the subscribed level. We compare this tariff with a variant of capacity subscription where demand is physcially limited to the subscribed level, but where the limitation is activated only when there is grid congestion. The results show that this can be an attractive option if demand can be flexibly controlled to stay below the subscribed limit, which is increasingly possible. Use of a battery is also attractive, but the investment costs are still much too high.","PeriodicalId":334674,"journal":{"name":"2018 15th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133548534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2018.8469996
Karolina Bienias, A. Kowalska-Pyzalska
The European Union has agreed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, produce more energy from renewable sources and improve energy efficiency. At the same time, all of the partner countries, including the Polish government, have agreed to collaborate to achieve ambitious targets. The realization of this climate policy will not be possible without the acceptance and engagement of society. One of the potential solutions to emissions-related problems is increasing the use of electric vehicles (EVs) in society. One of the main reasons of the increasing air pollution, especially in cities, is the rise in car traffic. According to the Institute of Citizens' Affairs, flue gas causes about 40% of air pollution in cities, of which 70 % is generated in traffic jams. The suggested solution in this case is to introduce electric vehicles and support their diffusion to a significant frequency on the market. A few countries across Europe have implemented policies that support the sale of EVs. This article describes, analyzes and compares the best practices from Europe with pilot programs in Poland. Based on this comparative analysis and deep studies, some policy recommendations will be proposed. The results of a comparative analysis with the chosen countries will indicate policies that should be implemented on the Polish market in the initial stages. Implementation of the most efficient policies could introduce EVs more effectively.
欧盟同意减少温室气体排放，利用可再生能源生产更多能源，并提高能源效率。与此同时，包括波兰政府在内的所有伙伴国已同意合作实现雄心勃勃的目标。如果没有社会的接受和参与，这一气候政策的实现是不可能的。解决排放相关问题的一个潜在解决方案是增加电动汽车(ev)在社会中的使用。空气污染日益严重的主要原因之一，尤其是在城市，是汽车交通的增加。根据公民事务研究所(Institute of Citizens’Affairs)的数据，城市空气污染的40%是由烟气造成的，其中70%是在交通堵塞时产生的。在这种情况下，建议的解决方案是引入电动汽车，并支持其在市场上的广泛推广。欧洲一些国家已经实施了支持电动汽车销售的政策。本文描述、分析并比较了欧洲的最佳实践与波兰的试点项目。在此比较分析和深入研究的基础上，提出一些政策建议。与选定国家进行比较分析的结果将表明在初期阶段应在波兰市场上实施的政策。实施最有效的政策可以更有效地引入电动汽车。
{"title":"The Role of Electric Vehicles in Sustainable Energy: Applying Experience from Other Countries to Polish Reality","authors":"Karolina Bienias, A. Kowalska-Pyzalska","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2018.8469996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2018.8469996","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union has agreed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, produce more energy from renewable sources and improve energy efficiency. At the same time, all of the partner countries, including the Polish government, have agreed to collaborate to achieve ambitious targets. The realization of this climate policy will not be possible without the acceptance and engagement of society. One of the potential solutions to emissions-related problems is increasing the use of electric vehicles (EVs) in society. One of the main reasons of the increasing air pollution, especially in cities, is the rise in car traffic. According to the Institute of Citizens' Affairs, flue gas causes about 40% of air pollution in cities, of which 70 % is generated in traffic jams. The suggested solution in this case is to introduce electric vehicles and support their diffusion to a significant frequency on the market. A few countries across Europe have implemented policies that support the sale of EVs. This article describes, analyzes and compares the best practices from Europe with pilot programs in Poland. Based on this comparative analysis and deep studies, some policy recommendations will be proposed. The results of a comparative analysis with the chosen countries will indicate policies that should be implemented on the Polish market in the initial stages. Implementation of the most efficient policies could introduce EVs more effectively.","PeriodicalId":334674,"journal":{"name":"2018 15th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"840 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133323275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2018.8469854
Tim Janke, B. Brindley, Tobias Rodemann, Florian Steinke
Energy systems with a large share of generation from renewable sources require a flexible behavior of the demand side. Office buildings can technically contribute by the installation of local generation and storage in combination with energy management systems. However, businesses will only consider the adoption of flexibility options if there is a clear monetary benefit. We evaluate different combinations of flexibility options for a typical medium sized office campus in Germany regarding the incentives provided by different electricity pricing models. We model the campus using a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation and assume perfect foresight. We find that even for the traditional static pricing model the adoption of flexibility options is beneficial. However, dynamic pricing models provide substantially larger incentives while prices close to the wholesale price render the investments unprofitable.
{"title":"Incentivizing the Adoption of Local Flexibility Options: A Quantitative Case Study","authors":"Tim Janke, B. Brindley, Tobias Rodemann, Florian Steinke","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2018.8469854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2018.8469854","url":null,"abstract":"Energy systems with a large share of generation from renewable sources require a flexible behavior of the demand side. Office buildings can technically contribute by the installation of local generation and storage in combination with energy management systems. However, businesses will only consider the adoption of flexibility options if there is a clear monetary benefit. We evaluate different combinations of flexibility options for a typical medium sized office campus in Germany regarding the incentives provided by different electricity pricing models. We model the campus using a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation and assume perfect foresight. We find that even for the traditional static pricing model the adoption of flexibility options is beneficial. However, dynamic pricing models provide substantially larger incentives while prices close to the wholesale price render the investments unprofitable.","PeriodicalId":334674,"journal":{"name":"2018 15th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133324977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2018.8469970
Jonas K. Sekamane
Several papers propose using call options (i.e. a contract to sell energy at a pre-determined price in the future) as a mechanism to insure new investments and adequate capacity in electricity markets. Other papers have since extended on this idea. However, it is cumbersome for newcomers to get an overview of these capacity remuneration mechanism efforts, chiefly because the papers use different names (“reliability options”, “option contracts” and “forward reliability markets” to name a few) for what is the same mechanism in its basic form. This paper provides a review of these papers, presents an intuitive introduction to the basic underlying mechanism, and highlights the differences between the various approaches. In addition, this paper points out where the future research of this topic might be heading.
{"title":"Addressing Adequacy Concerns with Contracts: Review of Past, Present and Possible Future","authors":"Jonas K. Sekamane","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2018.8469970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2018.8469970","url":null,"abstract":"Several papers propose using call options (i.e. a contract to sell energy at a pre-determined price in the future) as a mechanism to insure new investments and adequate capacity in electricity markets. Other papers have since extended on this idea. However, it is cumbersome for newcomers to get an overview of these capacity remuneration mechanism efforts, chiefly because the papers use different names (“reliability options”, “option contracts” and “forward reliability markets” to name a few) for what is the same mechanism in its basic form. This paper provides a review of these papers, presents an intuitive introduction to the basic underlying mechanism, and highlights the differences between the various approaches. In addition, this paper points out where the future research of this topic might be heading.","PeriodicalId":334674,"journal":{"name":"2018 15th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132099363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2018.8469983
B. Breitschopf, A. Baumann
Balancing of electricity supply gets more difficult due to increasing shares of volatile renewable energy. Based on hourly solar and wind power generation and load data, hours with the largest deviation between forecasted and actual load and variable renewable energy power generation are identified. The power system's flexibility is measured at the level of the power system's components: generation, cross-border transfers, market and operation. To depict the still available flexibility in critical times at the component level, the actual use of flexibilities in critical hours is compared to the available flexible potential. The results show that most countries dispose of sufficient generation and transmission flexibility as well as of market and operational flexibility.
{"title":"Do Variable Renewable Energies Endanger the Power System ? - An Approach to Measure Flexibility","authors":"B. Breitschopf, A. Baumann","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2018.8469983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2018.8469983","url":null,"abstract":"Balancing of electricity supply gets more difficult due to increasing shares of volatile renewable energy. Based on hourly solar and wind power generation and load data, hours with the largest deviation between forecasted and actual load and variable renewable energy power generation are identified. The power system's flexibility is measured at the level of the power system's components: generation, cross-border transfers, market and operation. To depict the still available flexibility in critical times at the component level, the actual use of flexibilities in critical hours is compared to the available flexible potential. The results show that most countries dispose of sufficient generation and transmission flexibility as well as of market and operational flexibility.","PeriodicalId":334674,"journal":{"name":"2018 15th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115376554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2018.8469867
Daria Złotecka, K. Sroka, Agnieszka Maćkowiak
Heating plants in many cities in Poland are the key elements of the centralised heating systems, because they ensure security of heat delivery. More and more restrictive air pollution emission levels, presented in the Best Available Techniques (BAT) conclusions, force these plants to invest in costly flue gas treatment systems. In the article the Polish heating sector is described and plants included in the emission regulations are characterised. There is presented the evolution of emission limit values, as well as current pollution emission level from existing plants. From available techniques of flue gas treatment there has been chosen the most suitable ones for the characteristics of the operation of heating plants with grate boilers. Chosen techniques have been subjected to the economic analysis, taking into account investment, operation and environmental costs. Finally, the article assesses how the cost of flue gas treatment plant may affect the change of heat price for the customers.
{"title":"Impact of Escalating Emission Requirements on the Operation of Heating Systems in Poland","authors":"Daria Złotecka, K. Sroka, Agnieszka Maćkowiak","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2018.8469867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2018.8469867","url":null,"abstract":"Heating plants in many cities in Poland are the key elements of the centralised heating systems, because they ensure security of heat delivery. More and more restrictive air pollution emission levels, presented in the Best Available Techniques (BAT) conclusions, force these plants to invest in costly flue gas treatment systems. In the article the Polish heating sector is described and plants included in the emission regulations are characterised. There is presented the evolution of emission limit values, as well as current pollution emission level from existing plants. From available techniques of flue gas treatment there has been chosen the most suitable ones for the characteristics of the operation of heating plants with grate boilers. Chosen techniques have been subjected to the economic analysis, taking into account investment, operation and environmental costs. Finally, the article assesses how the cost of flue gas treatment plant may affect the change of heat price for the customers.","PeriodicalId":334674,"journal":{"name":"2018 15th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116426436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：