Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2022.134241.1251
Baedaa Abdullah, Sabih Askandar, Ruqayah N. Balo
In our work a new type of open sets is introduced and defined as follows: If for each set that is not empty M in 𝑋 , 𝑀 ≠ 𝑋 and 𝑀 ∈ 𝜏 ∝ such that 𝐴 ⊆ int (𝐴 ∪ 𝑀) , then A in (𝑋, 𝜏) is named ℎ ∝ -open set. We also go through the relationship between ℎ ∝ - open sets and a variety of other open set types as h -open sets, open sets, semi-open sets and ∝ -open sets. We proved that each h -open and open set is ℎ ∝ -open and there is no relationship between ∝ -open sets and semi-open sets with ℎ ∝ -open sets. Furthermore, we begin by introducing the concepts of ℎ ∝ -continuous mappings, ℎ ∝ -open mappings, ℎ ∝ -irresolute mappings, and ℎ ∝ -totally continuous mappings, we proved that each h -continuous mapping in any topological space is ℎ ∝ -continuous mapping, each continuous mapping in any topological space is ℎ ∝ -continuous mapping and there is no relationship between ∝ -continuous mappings and semi-continuous mappings with ℎ ∝ -continuous mappings as well as some of its features. Finally, we look at some of the new class's separation axioms.
{"title":"hα-Open Sets in Topological Spaces","authors":"Baedaa Abdullah, Sabih Askandar, Ruqayah N. Balo","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2022.134241.1251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2022.134241.1251","url":null,"abstract":"In our work a new type of open sets is introduced and defined as follows: If for each set that is not empty M in 𝑋 , 𝑀 ≠ 𝑋 and 𝑀 ∈ 𝜏 ∝ such that 𝐴 ⊆ int (𝐴 ∪ 𝑀) , then A in (𝑋, 𝜏) is named ℎ ∝ -open set. We also go through the relationship between ℎ ∝ - open sets and a variety of other open set types as h -open sets, open sets, semi-open sets and ∝ -open sets. We proved that each h -open and open set is ℎ ∝ -open and there is no relationship between ∝ -open sets and semi-open sets with ℎ ∝ -open sets. Furthermore, we begin by introducing the concepts of ℎ ∝ -continuous mappings, ℎ ∝ -open mappings, ℎ ∝ -irresolute mappings, and ℎ ∝ -totally continuous mappings, we proved that each h -continuous mapping in any topological space is ℎ ∝ -continuous mapping, each continuous mapping in any topological space is ℎ ∝ -continuous mapping and there is no relationship between ∝ -continuous mappings and semi-continuous mappings with ℎ ∝ -continuous mappings as well as some of its features. Finally, we look at some of the new class's separation axioms.","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43584039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2022.134059.1246
S. Hasan, S. Sultan
This study includes development of a sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of acetylcysteine in aqueous solution. The method is based on the oxidation of acetylcysteine with a ferric ion, followed by reacting of produced ferrous ion with 2,2 ׳ -bipyridyl to form a pink complex, which is stable and water-soluble and has the highest absorption at a wavelength of 524 nm. The limits of Beer's law were in the concentration range of (5-180) µg of acetylcysteine in a final volume of 20 milliliters (0.25-9.0 µg.ml -1 ) and the molar absorptivity of 8633.28 L. mol -1 .cm -1 , Sandell's sensitivity index of 0.0189 µg.cm -2 . The relative error of -4.28% – 4.98 % and relative standard deviation of ± 0.56% - ± 3.75% depending on the concentration level. The limit of detection limit(LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were calculated and equal to 0.01837 and 0.06124 µg/ml respectively, no inference was observed in the common pharmaceutical excipients. The results obtain by proposed method were in good agreement with those obtain from official British pharmacopoeia using t-test (at 95% confidence limit) which indicates that there is no significant differences between them. The method was successfully applied to determine acetylcysteine in its pharmaceutical preparations.
{"title":"Utility of 2,2׳- Bipyridyl Reagent in Spectrophotometric Assay of Acetylcysteine in Pure Form and in Its Pharmaceutical Preparations","authors":"S. Hasan, S. Sultan","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2022.134059.1246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2022.134059.1246","url":null,"abstract":"This study includes development of a sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of acetylcysteine in aqueous solution. The method is based on the oxidation of acetylcysteine with a ferric ion, followed by reacting of produced ferrous ion with 2,2 ׳ -bipyridyl to form a pink complex, which is stable and water-soluble and has the highest absorption at a wavelength of 524 nm. The limits of Beer's law were in the concentration range of (5-180) µg of acetylcysteine in a final volume of 20 milliliters (0.25-9.0 µg.ml -1 ) and the molar absorptivity of 8633.28 L. mol -1 .cm -1 , Sandell's sensitivity index of 0.0189 µg.cm -2 . The relative error of -4.28% – 4.98 % and relative standard deviation of ± 0.56% - ± 3.75% depending on the concentration level. The limit of detection limit(LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were calculated and equal to 0.01837 and 0.06124 µg/ml respectively, no inference was observed in the common pharmaceutical excipients. The results obtain by proposed method were in good agreement with those obtain from official British pharmacopoeia using t-test (at 95% confidence limit) which indicates that there is no significant differences between them. The method was successfully applied to determine acetylcysteine in its pharmaceutical preparations.","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46331171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-23DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2022.134805.1262
I. Ahmad, Y. Mohammed, Khaldoon N. Abbas
Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is one of the important semiconductor materials which contribute effectively to the development of the semiconductor industry technology. ZnO nanostructures (NSs) were synthesized using thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD) technique under atmospheric pressure at different evaporation boat-substrate distances. ZnO NSs were prepared by oxidizing Znic acetate dihydrate powder within quartz tube instead of its outside. The effect of change evaporation boat-substrate distance (2.5, 4.5, 6.5 and 8.5 cm) on the optical and structural properties of ZnO NSs were studied. ZnO NSs were characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy to evaluate its optical and structural properties. Optical band gap measurement results exhibited a red-shifted from (3.25 eV) to (3.05 eV), as the separation distance increased from (2.5 cm) to (8.5 cm), respectively. XRD technique confirms that metal oxide was ZnO and having hexagonal structure. The average crystallite size of the samples was decreased from 63.4 to 58.3 nm, with the increase in separation distance from 2.5 to 8.5 cm. Also, the sharpness, strong intensity and narrow width of dominant diffraction peak indicate the high crystallinity of the prepared ZnO NSs. The PL spectra of the ZnO NSs revealed a wide deep-level emission for all the prepared samples. ZnO NSs grown by TCVD technique may provide potential applications in nano-photovoltaics and nano-photodetectors.
{"title":"Effect of Evaporation Boat-Substrate Distance on the Formation of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures","authors":"I. Ahmad, Y. Mohammed, Khaldoon N. Abbas","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2022.134805.1262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2022.134805.1262","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is one of the important semiconductor materials which contribute effectively to the development of the semiconductor industry technology. ZnO nanostructures (NSs) were synthesized using thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD) technique under atmospheric pressure at different evaporation boat-substrate distances. ZnO NSs were prepared by oxidizing Znic acetate dihydrate powder within quartz tube instead of its outside. The effect of change evaporation boat-substrate distance (2.5, 4.5, 6.5 and 8.5 cm) on the optical and structural properties of ZnO NSs were studied. ZnO NSs were characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy to evaluate its optical and structural properties. Optical band gap measurement results exhibited a red-shifted from (3.25 eV) to (3.05 eV), as the separation distance increased from (2.5 cm) to (8.5 cm), respectively. XRD technique confirms that metal oxide was ZnO and having hexagonal structure. The average crystallite size of the samples was decreased from 63.4 to 58.3 nm, with the increase in separation distance from 2.5 to 8.5 cm. Also, the sharpness, strong intensity and narrow width of dominant diffraction peak indicate the high crystallinity of the prepared ZnO NSs. The PL spectra of the ZnO NSs revealed a wide deep-level emission for all the prepared samples. ZnO NSs grown by TCVD technique may provide potential applications in nano-photovoltaics and nano-photodetectors.","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42771644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2022.133052.1217
Sugiyarto Surono, N. Siregar
Markov Weighted Fuzzy Time Series is a forecasting method that applies fuzzy logic to form linguistic variables from existing data. The formation of linguistic variables makes it possible for the forecasting process to be more accurate by considering the uncertainty aspect in decision-making. Its formation is started by grouping the data into a certain number of clusters. The next steps are fuzzification, transition matrix formation, and defuzzification for forecasting. In the process of grouping, the existing data will be grouped into several clusters so that it results in the interval length of each cluster. One of the problems of this grouping is the absence of a base standard in the clustering process so it is prone to have a different value in forecasting accuracy. The difference in the number of the class or interval length will result in different accuracy even though the clustering method that is used is the same. In this study, the author proposes the idea of using Particle Swarm Optimization to improve the interval length. The initial interval that is already obtained through the K-means clustering algorithm will be evaluated using the Particle Swarm Optimization method so that it will have a new interval that later will be used in the fuzzification process and forecasting. The accuracy of forecasting can be calculated by using Mean Absolute Percentage Error from Markov Weighted Fuzzy Time Series conventional method and Markov Weighted Fuzzy Time Series method with Particle Swarm Optimization. The result of this study gives an improvement in error value from 8.03% to 5.88%.
{"title":"The New Approach Optimization Markov Weighted Fuzzy Time Series using Particle Swarm Algorithm","authors":"Sugiyarto Surono, N. Siregar","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2022.133052.1217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2022.133052.1217","url":null,"abstract":"Markov Weighted Fuzzy Time Series is a forecasting method that applies fuzzy logic to form linguistic variables from existing data. The formation of linguistic variables makes it possible for the forecasting process to be more accurate by considering the uncertainty aspect in decision-making. Its formation is started by grouping the data into a certain number of clusters. The next steps are fuzzification, transition matrix formation, and defuzzification for forecasting. In the process of grouping, the existing data will be grouped into several clusters so that it results in the interval length of each cluster. One of the problems of this grouping is the absence of a base standard in the clustering process so it is prone to have a different value in forecasting accuracy. The difference in the number of the class or interval length will result in different accuracy even though the clustering method that is used is the same. In this study, the author proposes the idea of using Particle Swarm Optimization to improve the interval length. The initial interval that is already obtained through the K-means clustering algorithm will be evaluated using the Particle Swarm Optimization method so that it will have a new interval that later will be used in the fuzzification process and forecasting. The accuracy of forecasting can be calculated by using Mean Absolute Percentage Error from Markov Weighted Fuzzy Time Series conventional method and Markov Weighted Fuzzy Time Series method with Particle Swarm Optimization. The result of this study gives an improvement in error value from 8.03% to 5.88%.","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49385801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2022.133190.1222
Anfal Mahmood, A. Nori
Smartphones have become widely employed in a range of fields as a result of substantial developments in communication technology, distribution, and the development of numerous types of smart mobile devices. The goal of this research is to secure information sent over mobile phone networks. In this paper, we propose using cryptography to create a more secure application for transmitting confidential information, using encryption to improve security, and depending on the location of the mobile phone user's coordinates, obtained via GPS, to increase security. The XOR process was used between coordinates, the idea was new, the application was implemented, and good results were obtained. The process of converting text into unreadable text is known as ciphering, and in order to achieve it in this paper the Twofish algorithm was used to encrypt confidential information. When sending the coordinates, the RSA algorithm was used to encrypt them as for the Twofish algorithm, the coordinates serve as a key. We conclude that the proposed system used in this study achieved a high level of security.
{"title":"Improving Security Using Cryptography Based on Smartphone User Locations","authors":"Anfal Mahmood, A. Nori","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2022.133190.1222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2022.133190.1222","url":null,"abstract":"Smartphones have become widely employed in a range of fields as a result of substantial developments in communication technology, distribution, and the development of numerous types of smart mobile devices. The goal of this research is to secure information sent over mobile phone networks. In this paper, we propose using cryptography to create a more secure application for transmitting confidential information, using encryption to improve security, and depending on the location of the mobile phone user's coordinates, obtained via GPS, to increase security. The XOR process was used between coordinates, the idea was new, the application was implemented, and good results were obtained. The process of converting text into unreadable text is known as ciphering, and in order to achieve it in this paper the Twofish algorithm was used to encrypt confidential information. When sending the coordinates, the RSA algorithm was used to encrypt them as for the Twofish algorithm, the coordinates serve as a key. We conclude that the proposed system used in this study achieved a high level of security.","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41371095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2022.133181.1221
Mohammed mzeri, L. Ibrahim
: Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been government instructions to citizens to wear a medical mask in crowded places and institutions to prevent or reduce the spread of the pandemic, as the most common method of transmission of COVID-19 is (coughing or sneezing), the spread of infection of this disease can be reduced by wearing a mask Medical , and to ensure that everyone wears a mask is not easy. In this paper, we try to study research in the field of identifying the medical mask and the machine learning algorithms used to build a system capable of detecting the medical mask in faces through images and video in real time. We also explain in this research an overview of the importance of machine learning and deep learning methods, especially Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and the basic steps for creating the system We reveal the medical mask, and we highlight the methods and stages of building the model with its accuracy and get acquainted with the datasets used in building the model and the size of the data set (number of images) used in the training and testing phase of the model and the mechanism by which The researcher worked out to build his own system.
{"title":"Detecting A Medical Mask During The COVID-19 Pandemic Using Machine Learning: A Review Study","authors":"Mohammed mzeri, L. Ibrahim","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2022.133181.1221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2022.133181.1221","url":null,"abstract":": Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been government instructions to citizens to wear a medical mask in crowded places and institutions to prevent or reduce the spread of the pandemic, as the most common method of transmission of COVID-19 is (coughing or sneezing), the spread of infection of this disease can be reduced by wearing a mask Medical , and to ensure that everyone wears a mask is not easy. In this paper, we try to study research in the field of identifying the medical mask and the machine learning algorithms used to build a system capable of detecting the medical mask in faces through images and video in real time. We also explain in this research an overview of the importance of machine learning and deep learning methods, especially Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and the basic steps for creating the system We reveal the medical mask, and we highlight the methods and stages of building the model with its accuracy and get acquainted with the datasets used in building the model and the size of the data set (number of images) used in the training and testing phase of the model and the mechanism by which The researcher worked out to build his own system.","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46161714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2022.133027.1215
A. Dalalbashi, A. Al-Mathidy
: The Present study aims to study the morphological characters of the pollen grains for six Apricot cultivars Prunus armeniaca L. and six cultivars of Plum P. xdomestica L. planted in northern Iraq. Using the Light Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It was found that the pollen grains in all the cultivars were, isopolar tricorporate, and with one-, two-, and four-holes models were found, and their shape in the polar view was either tetra angular, spherical- triangular, or triangular, While in the equatorial view, the pollen shapes were ovoid, spherical or semi-spherical .The surface ornamentation was in several forms, including reticulate, granular, thin longitudinal striped, short transverse striped, granular and striped grains and striped. The quantitative and qualitative morphological characteristics of pollen grains showed a high taxonomic value in separating and isolating the cultivars of the two studied species .
{"title":"Morphological characters the pollen grains of Apricot plant Prunus armeniaca L. and Plum Prunus domestica L. cultivated in northern Iraq","authors":"A. Dalalbashi, A. Al-Mathidy","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2022.133027.1215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2022.133027.1215","url":null,"abstract":": The Present study aims to study the morphological characters of the pollen grains for six Apricot cultivars Prunus armeniaca L. and six cultivars of Plum P. xdomestica L. planted in northern Iraq. Using the Light Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It was found that the pollen grains in all the cultivars were, isopolar tricorporate, and with one-, two-, and four-holes models were found, and their shape in the polar view was either tetra angular, spherical- triangular, or triangular, While in the equatorial view, the pollen shapes were ovoid, spherical or semi-spherical .The surface ornamentation was in several forms, including reticulate, granular, thin longitudinal striped, short transverse striped, granular and striped grains and striped. The quantitative and qualitative morphological characteristics of pollen grains showed a high taxonomic value in separating and isolating the cultivars of the two studied species .","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49026971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2022.132843.1212
M. Al-Jubbori, Noor Al-Jubbori
In this paper, the pulsed ablation laser in liquids (PLAL)method was used to obtain copper nanoparticles from material copper, one of the first signs of nanoparticle production or generation using the pulsed laser is a change in the color of the sample's solution as the concentration of nanoparticles increases. In our study, deionized distilled water with a volume of 5 mL was used to prepare the samples with energy (300, 500) mj. With number of pulsed (50, 100, 150, 200) pulse respectively. We noticed a change in the color of the solution to a dark white color, indicating the presence of silver nanoparticles. In another side study the obsorbancy and transmission by using UV-Visible spectroscopy, the peaks of all samples were at wave length at (250-260) nm. This confirms that nanoparticles have been obtained from silver material. The determined mean energy gab for direct transition allowed of the samples is 2.74 eV.
{"title":"Preparation and study of some physical properties of silver nanoparticles by pulsed laser ablation in liquids technique","authors":"M. Al-Jubbori, Noor Al-Jubbori","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2022.132843.1212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2022.132843.1212","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the pulsed ablation laser in liquids (PLAL)method was used to obtain copper nanoparticles from material copper, one of the first signs of nanoparticle production or generation using the pulsed laser is a change in the color of the sample's solution as the concentration of nanoparticles increases. In our study, deionized distilled water with a volume of 5 mL was used to prepare the samples with energy (300, 500) mj. With number of pulsed (50, 100, 150, 200) pulse respectively. We noticed a change in the color of the solution to a dark white color, indicating the presence of silver nanoparticles. In another side study the obsorbancy and transmission by using UV-Visible spectroscopy, the peaks of all samples were at wave length at (250-260) nm. This confirms that nanoparticles have been obtained from silver material. The determined mean energy gab for direct transition allowed of the samples is 2.74 eV.","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48652071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2022.133550.1233
A. Hameed, A. Mekhlif
Insects have been considered the main source of very useful chemical compounds. Today, the insect ' s innate immunity is a subject of antibiotic alternatives by experimenting with their body extracts. After application of the "Sequential solvent polarity" method. The dry body extract of the Americana cockroach, Periplaneta americana was exhibited had variable growth inhibition between the tasted pathogenic bacteria, the methanol cold extract was more effective than with other (Hexane, Diethyl ether, Ethyl acetate, Methanol) solvents by inhibition zone diameters; (29.0, 22.0,24.0, 22.3) mm for ( Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae ) respectively. In comparison between the antibacterial of the methanol extracts of the cockroach and the paper wasp Polistes watti, extract of the P. americana in more active in the inhibition of all four tested bacteria as follows: ( Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae ) for (7.7, 18.3, 8.7, 6.0) mm respectively. Extract of P. americana have antibacterial activity do to it living in an ecological niche which characterized by organic and bacterial pollution so, the growth of human pathogenic bacteria in more inhibited than the social entomophagous P. watti wasp. The present study had given promise alternative of the personal antibiotics, by as more effective than the standers drugs (Ceftriaxone, Gentamicin) after separation and identification of the active molecules and used as a template for the future manufacturing industry.
{"title":"Comparison of the Inhibitory Antibacterial Activity of Dry Body Extract of Periplaneta americana and Polistes watti","authors":"A. Hameed, A. Mekhlif","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2022.133550.1233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2022.133550.1233","url":null,"abstract":"Insects have been considered the main source of very useful chemical compounds. Today, the insect ' s innate immunity is a subject of antibiotic alternatives by experimenting with their body extracts. After application of the \"Sequential solvent polarity\" method. The dry body extract of the Americana cockroach, Periplaneta americana was exhibited had variable growth inhibition between the tasted pathogenic bacteria, the methanol cold extract was more effective than with other (Hexane, Diethyl ether, Ethyl acetate, Methanol) solvents by inhibition zone diameters; (29.0, 22.0,24.0, 22.3) mm for ( Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae ) respectively. In comparison between the antibacterial of the methanol extracts of the cockroach and the paper wasp Polistes watti, extract of the P. americana in more active in the inhibition of all four tested bacteria as follows: ( Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae ) for (7.7, 18.3, 8.7, 6.0) mm respectively. Extract of P. americana have antibacterial activity do to it living in an ecological niche which characterized by organic and bacterial pollution so, the growth of human pathogenic bacteria in more inhibited than the social entomophagous P. watti wasp. The present study had given promise alternative of the personal antibiotics, by as more effective than the standers drugs (Ceftriaxone, Gentamicin) after separation and identification of the active molecules and used as a template for the future manufacturing industry.","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49080353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2022.133511.1230
O. Jumaah, R. Sultan, M. Assafi
In this study, three isolates of Ensifer fredii bv. fredii were isolated from root nodules of Vigna unguiculata L. (Cowpea) which collected from different cultural areas in Nineveh Governorate/Iraq. The rhizobial colonies were purified and their agronomic and biochemical characteristics were studied. Microscopic examination results showed rod negative Gram stain bacteria, whereas the three isolates showed ability to grow on rhizobial minimal medium (RMM), motility on TY semi-solid medium, gelatin liquefaction, citrate utilization as a sole carbon source, as well as the isolates showed a positive result for Triple Sugar Iron (TSI). Antimicrobial activity study of local rhizobial isolates against fungi showed a clear effect on studied fungi. The filtrate culture of Ensifer fredii bv. fredii ORM1 showed inhibition zone effect with average 12.6, 10.3 and 12.0 mm against Aspergillus niger MR1, Fusarium solani MR2 and Penicillium spp. MR3, respectively, whereas the filtrate culture of Ensifer fredii bv. fredii ORM13 showed inhibition zone effect with average 10.0, 13.3 and 13.0 mm against Aspergillus niger MR1, Fusarium solani MR2 and Penicillium spp. MR3, respectively. A filtrate culture of Ensifer fredii bv. fredii ORM23 showed less effect against each of Aspergillus niger MR1 and Penicillium spp. MR3 which inhibition zone average 8.6 mm, whereas there is no inhibition effect were recorded for culture filtrate against Fusarium solani MR2.
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