Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed54-44773
T. Ande, Thanuja Makani, Kavya Nannam, S. Velichety, J. Kumar
Background/Aim: Anatomical variations of the gastric vessels during laparoscopic surgeries of the stomach and related viscera frequently impair the surgeon's judgment, extend the duration of surgery and sometimes can lead to accidental surgical injuries, rendering it not possible to assure the safety and effectiveness of the surgical treatment. This research paper aimed to examine the variations of the left gastric artery (LGA), which could have implications for surgical and interventional procedures of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and related organs. Methods: Fifty specimens, of which 22 were dissected from cadavers and 28 were acquired from post-mortems among the Indian population, regardless of age or sex were examined for variant LGA. In addition, the variation of the celiac trunk was observed in 10 patients using 3D-CT images, which were created by reconstructing multiple-slice computed tomography (CT) using 3-dimensional CT simulation software (3D-CT). Results: The classical pattern origin of LGA from the celiac trunk was observed in 96 % specimens. In 2 % gastrophrenic trunk emerged from the abdominal aorta (AA) slightly proximal to the celiac trunk, then it branched into LGA and left and right inferior phrenic arteries. In remaining 2 %, LGA was the branch of the splenic artery. In 10 individuals radiological examination was conducted and found no abnormal pattern of celiac trunk. Conclusion: Observing and reporting the variation in the gastric vessels by different methods has certain clinical value in upper gastrointestinal surgeries and interventions. The duration can be prolonged and the intraoperative blood loss is increased with the vascular variations. Overall, this research paper provides important information on the prevalence of anatomical variations of the LGA, which could help improve the safety and efficacy of upper gastrointestinal procedures.
{"title":"Left gastric artery variants: A cadaveric, postmortem and radiological investigation","authors":"T. Ande, Thanuja Makani, Kavya Nannam, S. Velichety, J. Kumar","doi":"10.5937/scriptamed54-44773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed54-44773","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Anatomical variations of the gastric vessels during laparoscopic surgeries of the stomach and related viscera frequently impair the surgeon's judgment, extend the duration of surgery and sometimes can lead to accidental surgical injuries, rendering it not possible to assure the safety and effectiveness of the surgical treatment. This research paper aimed to examine the variations of the left gastric artery (LGA), which could have implications for surgical and interventional procedures of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and related organs. Methods: Fifty specimens, of which 22 were dissected from cadavers and 28 were acquired from post-mortems among the Indian population, regardless of age or sex were examined for variant LGA. In addition, the variation of the celiac trunk was observed in 10 patients using 3D-CT images, which were created by reconstructing multiple-slice computed tomography (CT) using 3-dimensional CT simulation software (3D-CT). Results: The classical pattern origin of LGA from the celiac trunk was observed in 96 % specimens. In 2 % gastrophrenic trunk emerged from the abdominal aorta (AA) slightly proximal to the celiac trunk, then it branched into LGA and left and right inferior phrenic arteries. In remaining 2 %, LGA was the branch of the splenic artery. In 10 individuals radiological examination was conducted and found no abnormal pattern of celiac trunk. Conclusion: Observing and reporting the variation in the gastric vessels by different methods has certain clinical value in upper gastrointestinal surgeries and interventions. The duration can be prolonged and the intraoperative blood loss is increased with the vascular variations. Overall, this research paper provides important information on the prevalence of anatomical variations of the LGA, which could help improve the safety and efficacy of upper gastrointestinal procedures.","PeriodicalId":33497,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Medica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80077696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed54-43096
Gokhan Cil, M. Yılmaz, Y. Şahin, A. Müslümanoğlu
Background/Aim: European urology guidelines recommend percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) as a treatment modality to remove complex kidney stones over 2 cm in size. Aim of this study was to compare stone scoring systems in predicting stone-free status and complications rate after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) in abnormal kidneys. Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from 94 patients with anatomical abnormalities who underwent PNL for the kidney stones in the Clinic between January 2017 and January 2022 was performed. Sixty-four patients with renal anomalies who underwent PNL were included in the study. Guy, S.T.O.N.E. and CROES nephrolitometry scores were evaluated for each patient by the same researcher using non-contrast computed tomography. The modified Clavien grading system was used to evaluate complications. Results: The mean age and body mass index (BMI) of the patients were 46 ± 11.7 and 28 ± 6 kg/m2, respectively. There was no differences between the groups in terms of operative parameters, renal anomaly categorisation and complications. Compared with the residual stone group, GSS (2.49 vs 3.03; p = 0.001) and S.T.O.N.E. scores (7.26 vs 8.38; p = 0.021) in the stone free group were statistically significantly lower, while the CROES score was lower in the group with residual stones (172 vs 245; p < 0.001). In the Chi-square analysis performed between Clavien complication rating and stone scoring systems, no success was found in predicting the presence of complications in any scoring system. Conclusion: Although nomograms were successful in predicting postoperative stone-free status (SFS) after PNL in abnormal kidneys, they may not predict postoperative complications.
背景/目的:欧洲泌尿外科指南推荐经皮肾镜取石术(PNL)作为一种治疗方式，以去除大小超过2厘米的复杂肾结石。本研究的目的是比较结石评分系统在预测异常肾脏经皮肾镜取石术(PNL)后无结石状态和并发症发生率方面的作用。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月至2022年1月在临床行肾结石PNL的94例解剖异常患者的资料。64例肾异常行PNL的患者被纳入研究。Guy、S.T.O.N.E.和CROES肾结石测量评分由同一研究人员使用非对比计算机断层扫描对每位患者进行评估。采用改良的Clavien分级系统评价并发症。结果:患者的平均年龄和体重指数(BMI)分别为46±11.7和28±6 kg/m2。两组在手术参数、肾异常分类及并发症方面无差异。与残石组相比，GSS (2.49 vs 3.03;p = 0.001)和S.T.O.N.E.评分(7.26 vs 8.38;p = 0.021)，无结石组的CROES评分有统计学意义较低，结石残留组的CROES评分较低(172比245;P < 0.001)。在Clavien并发症评分和结石评分系统之间进行的卡方分析中，没有发现任何评分系统成功预测并发症的存在。结论:虽然x线图能成功预测异常肾脏PNL术后无结石状态(SFS)，但不能预测术后并发症。
{"title":"Comparison of stone scoring systems as predictive tools for percutaneous nephrolithotomy outcome in kidneys with anatomical abnormalities: A retrospective study","authors":"Gokhan Cil, M. Yılmaz, Y. Şahin, A. Müslümanoğlu","doi":"10.5937/scriptamed54-43096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed54-43096","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: European urology guidelines recommend percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) as a treatment modality to remove complex kidney stones over 2 cm in size. Aim of this study was to compare stone scoring systems in predicting stone-free status and complications rate after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) in abnormal kidneys. Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from 94 patients with anatomical abnormalities who underwent PNL for the kidney stones in the Clinic between January 2017 and January 2022 was performed. Sixty-four patients with renal anomalies who underwent PNL were included in the study. Guy, S.T.O.N.E. and CROES nephrolitometry scores were evaluated for each patient by the same researcher using non-contrast computed tomography. The modified Clavien grading system was used to evaluate complications. Results: The mean age and body mass index (BMI) of the patients were 46 ± 11.7 and 28 ± 6 kg/m2, respectively. There was no differences between the groups in terms of operative parameters, renal anomaly categorisation and complications. Compared with the residual stone group, GSS (2.49 vs 3.03; p = 0.001) and S.T.O.N.E. scores (7.26 vs 8.38; p = 0.021) in the stone free group were statistically significantly lower, while the CROES score was lower in the group with residual stones (172 vs 245; p < 0.001). In the Chi-square analysis performed between Clavien complication rating and stone scoring systems, no success was found in predicting the presence of complications in any scoring system. Conclusion: Although nomograms were successful in predicting postoperative stone-free status (SFS) after PNL in abnormal kidneys, they may not predict postoperative complications.","PeriodicalId":33497,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Medica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88531130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed54-45575
Yusuf Sahin, Sergen Sahin, Mehmet Yilmaz, Ahmet Muslumanoglu
Background/Aim: Surgeon experience, which is an important factor in reducing surgical complications, has been underestimated when analysing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) outcomes. Aim of this study was to investigate the impact of annual case volume (ACV) of endourologists and urologists on PNL outcomes including stone-free status (SFS) and complications. Methods: A total of 530 patients who underwent PNL in the Clinic between January 2018 and January 2023 were retrospectively analysed. The patients were divided into two groups: those operated by endourologists (Group 1, n = 324) and by urologists (Group 2, n = 206). The two groups were statistically compared in terms of postoperative SFS and complications. Results: There were two endourologists in Group 1 and four urologists in Group 2. The mean ACV was 73.56 ± 7.43 in Group 1 and 23.81 ± 9.09 in Group 2, indicating a statistically significantly higher rate in Group 1 (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the postoperative SFS rates between the groups (p = 0.064). In the perioperative period, the mean estimated blood loss and nephrostomy dwell time were significantly lower in Group 1 than Group 2 (p = 0.013 and p = 0.008, respectively). In the logistic regression analysis, a cut-off value of > 24 for ACV and CROES scores were the significant predictors of SFS (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively). The complication rate was significantly lower among surgeons with an ACV of > 24 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Results from this study showed that an ACV of > 24 increases SFS rate by 2.13 with lower complication rates in patients undergoing PNL. Further multi-centre, large-scale studies are required to investigate the effect of surgical experience and ACV on postoperative outcomes and to predict PNL outcomes with high accuracy.
{"title":"Endourologists vs urologists: The impact of surgical experience and annual case volume on percutaneous nephrolithotomy outcomes","authors":"Yusuf Sahin, Sergen Sahin, Mehmet Yilmaz, Ahmet Muslumanoglu","doi":"10.5937/scriptamed54-45575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed54-45575","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Surgeon experience, which is an important factor in reducing surgical complications, has been underestimated when analysing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) outcomes. Aim of this study was to investigate the impact of annual case volume (ACV) of endourologists and urologists on PNL outcomes including stone-free status (SFS) and complications. Methods: A total of 530 patients who underwent PNL in the Clinic between January 2018 and January 2023 were retrospectively analysed. The patients were divided into two groups: those operated by endourologists (Group 1, n = 324) and by urologists (Group 2, n = 206). The two groups were statistically compared in terms of postoperative SFS and complications. Results: There were two endourologists in Group 1 and four urologists in Group 2. The mean ACV was 73.56 ± 7.43 in Group 1 and 23.81 ± 9.09 in Group 2, indicating a statistically significantly higher rate in Group 1 (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the postoperative SFS rates between the groups (p = 0.064). In the perioperative period, the mean estimated blood loss and nephrostomy dwell time were significantly lower in Group 1 than Group 2 (p = 0.013 and p = 0.008, respectively). In the logistic regression analysis, a cut-off value of > 24 for ACV and CROES scores were the significant predictors of SFS (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively). The complication rate was significantly lower among surgeons with an ACV of > 24 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Results from this study showed that an ACV of > 24 increases SFS rate by 2.13 with lower complication rates in patients undergoing PNL. Further multi-centre, large-scale studies are required to investigate the effect of surgical experience and ACV on postoperative outcomes and to predict PNL outcomes with high accuracy.","PeriodicalId":33497,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Medica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135843055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed54-44445
Arun Singh, Dhirendra Mahawar, Monica Jain, Rupa Kapadia, Jaya Dadhich
Background/Aim: Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a major cause of morbidity and the leading cause of mortality in either men or women globally. IHD incidence is more common in the elderly and there are multiple well-known risk factors for IHD. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological trend of IHD in North-Western India. This study also evaluated the risk factors of IHD and associated comorbidities. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study for a period of 12 months was conducted in the Cardiology Department of the Tertiary Care Hospital, Jaipur, India. A total of 400 IHD patients were enrolled in this study. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software was used for statistical calculation. Results: The most common age group was 61-80 years (mean age was 57.8 ± 0.66) with men predominated (76.3 %). More patients (56 %) were from urban areas than rural areas (44 %). Among all the patients, 161 (40.3 %) patients were smokers and 42 (10.3 %) were alcoholics. Hypertension (34.8 %) followed by diabetes mellitus (17 %) and obesity (7.3 %) were found to be the predominant risk factors. Conclusion: IHD was more common in elderly patients and in men. Heavy alcohol consumption and smoking were potential risk factors for the development of IHD. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity also significantly contributed to occurrence of IHD. The burden of the IHD can be reduced by the limiting alcohol consumption, smoking cessation and adaptation of healthy lifestyle.
{"title":"Epidemiological study in admitted patients with ischaemic heart disease at a Tertiary Care Hospital in North-Western India","authors":"Arun Singh, Dhirendra Mahawar, Monica Jain, Rupa Kapadia, Jaya Dadhich","doi":"10.5937/scriptamed54-44445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed54-44445","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a major cause of morbidity and the leading cause of mortality in either men or women globally. IHD incidence is more common in the elderly and there are multiple well-known risk factors for IHD. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological trend of IHD in North-Western India. This study also evaluated the risk factors of IHD and associated comorbidities. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study for a period of 12 months was conducted in the Cardiology Department of the Tertiary Care Hospital, Jaipur, India. A total of 400 IHD patients were enrolled in this study. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software was used for statistical calculation. Results: The most common age group was 61-80 years (mean age was 57.8 ± 0.66) with men predominated (76.3 %). More patients (56 %) were from urban areas than rural areas (44 %). Among all the patients, 161 (40.3 %) patients were smokers and 42 (10.3 %) were alcoholics. Hypertension (34.8 %) followed by diabetes mellitus (17 %) and obesity (7.3 %) were found to be the predominant risk factors. Conclusion: IHD was more common in elderly patients and in men. Heavy alcohol consumption and smoking were potential risk factors for the development of IHD. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity also significantly contributed to occurrence of IHD. The burden of the IHD can be reduced by the limiting alcohol consumption, smoking cessation and adaptation of healthy lifestyle.","PeriodicalId":33497,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Medica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135843058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background/Aim: Preventing lower limb diabetic complications begins with identifying those at risk for diabetic foot ulceration (DFU). DFU development is related to abnormal pattern of plantar pressure distribution caused by alterations in foot rollover process due to loss of foot-ankle muscular strength, impaired range of motion (ROM) and nervous function, as their integrity is needed to enable proper load absorption on plantar surface. Objective of study was to determine correlation between biomechanical parameters of lower limb: ankle and foot muscle strength, ROM at ankle joint (AJ), subtalar joint (SJ) and first metatarsophalangeal joint (I MTP) and overall risk for DFU assessed by IWGDF 2019 Guidance risk stratification system. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 100 diabetic patients, both types. Patients were classified into 4 DFU risk categories applying IWGDF Guidelines 2019 stratification risk system. Function of ten foot and ankle muscles was evaluated by manual muscle testing applying Michigan Diabetic Neuropathy Score system and was expressed by muscle score (MS) on dominant leg. ROM at AJ, SJ and I MTP was measured with a goniometer on dominant leg and was expressed by degree (°). Results: Average MS in specified categories were as follows: Category 0: 9.2; Category 1: 13.9; Category 2: 13.3; Category 3: 15.2 and they were significantly different. Average ROM at AJ in specified categories were as follows: Category 0: 49.3°; Category 1: 48.8°; Category 2: 45.5°; Category 3: 44.6° and they were not significantly different. Average ROM at SJ in specified categories were as follows: Category 0: 37.8°; Category 1: 31.3°; Category 2: 35.0°; Category 3: 28.7° and they were significantly different. Average ROM at I MTP in specified categories were as follows: Category 0: 78.60 ; Category 1: 74.4°; Category 2: 65.5°; Category 3: 57.9° and they were significantly different. Conclusions: Risk for DFU ulcer significantly correlates with decreased ankle and foot muscle strength and ROM at SJ and I MTP but does not correlate with ROM at AJ.
{"title":"The correlation between biomechanical parameters of lower limb and overall risk for diabetic foot ulcer","authors":"Snježana Novaković-Bursać, Goran Talić, Nataša Tomić","doi":"10.5937/scriptamed54-43321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed54-43321","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Preventing lower limb diabetic complications begins with identifying those at risk for diabetic foot ulceration (DFU). DFU development is related to abnormal pattern of plantar pressure distribution caused by alterations in foot rollover process due to loss of foot-ankle muscular strength, impaired range of motion (ROM) and nervous function, as their integrity is needed to enable proper load absorption on plantar surface. Objective of study was to determine correlation between biomechanical parameters of lower limb: ankle and foot muscle strength, ROM at ankle joint (AJ), subtalar joint (SJ) and first metatarsophalangeal joint (I MTP) and overall risk for DFU assessed by IWGDF 2019 Guidance risk stratification system. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 100 diabetic patients, both types. Patients were classified into 4 DFU risk categories applying IWGDF Guidelines 2019 stratification risk system. Function of ten foot and ankle muscles was evaluated by manual muscle testing applying Michigan Diabetic Neuropathy Score system and was expressed by muscle score (MS) on dominant leg. ROM at AJ, SJ and I MTP was measured with a goniometer on dominant leg and was expressed by degree (°). Results: Average MS in specified categories were as follows: Category 0: 9.2; Category 1: 13.9; Category 2: 13.3; Category 3: 15.2 and they were significantly different. Average ROM at AJ in specified categories were as follows: Category 0: 49.3°; Category 1: 48.8°; Category 2: 45.5°; Category 3: 44.6° and they were not significantly different. Average ROM at SJ in specified categories were as follows: Category 0: 37.8°; Category 1: 31.3°; Category 2: 35.0°; Category 3: 28.7° and they were significantly different. Average ROM at I MTP in specified categories were as follows: Category 0: 78.60 ; Category 1: 74.4°; Category 2: 65.5°; Category 3: 57.9° and they were significantly different. Conclusions: Risk for DFU ulcer significantly correlates with decreased ankle and foot muscle strength and ROM at SJ and I MTP but does not correlate with ROM at AJ.","PeriodicalId":33497,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Medica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135843290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed54-45541
Ahmet Songur
Romantic love is defined as the early stage of love. As a result of neural and endocrine stimuli, some emotional, physiological and biochemical changes occur in romantic love and as a result, some physical symptoms are observed. Certain chemical and biological changes, called neurotransmitter storm, activate neurons in some parts of the brain in the person in romantic love and make the rest of the body out of control. It is known that romantic love stimulates the reward and motivation system in the brain and causes an increase in Dopamine levels. Dopamine is the neuromodulator responsible for the brain's reward system. In this review, neuroanatomical factors and changes that cause passionate and romantic love are explained. Changes in the brain reward and motivation system, ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus and limbic system were evaluated mainly within the framework of functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography evidence.
{"title":"Neuroanatomy of romantic love","authors":"Ahmet Songur","doi":"10.5937/scriptamed54-45541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed54-45541","url":null,"abstract":"Romantic love is defined as the early stage of love. As a result of neural and endocrine stimuli, some emotional, physiological and biochemical changes occur in romantic love and as a result, some physical symptoms are observed. Certain chemical and biological changes, called neurotransmitter storm, activate neurons in some parts of the brain in the person in romantic love and make the rest of the body out of control. It is known that romantic love stimulates the reward and motivation system in the brain and causes an increase in Dopamine levels. Dopamine is the neuromodulator responsible for the brain's reward system. In this review, neuroanatomical factors and changes that cause passionate and romantic love are explained. Changes in the brain reward and motivation system, ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus and limbic system were evaluated mainly within the framework of functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography evidence.","PeriodicalId":33497,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Medica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135845115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed54-41932
K. Prasad, Kalpana K Bhanumathy
This review focuses on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and its treatment with secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) isolated from flaxseed which is an antioxidant and suppresses phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene expression, a ratelimiting enzyme in the gluconeogenesis in the liver. Role of ROS in the development of type 1 diabetes [diabetic prone Bio Breeding (BBdp) rats and streptozotocin-induced diabetic (STZ) rats and type 2 diabetes (Zucker diabetic fatty female rats, ZDF rats)] has been discussed. Oxidative stress has been assessed by measuring serum and pancreatic malondialdehyde (MDA), pancreatic chemiluminescence (pancreatic-CL) and oxygen radical producing activity of white blood cells (WBCCL). Diagnosis of diabetes was made by hyperglycaemia and glucosuria. Incidence of diabetes was 100 % in SDZ rats, 72 % in BBdp rats and 100 % in ZDF rats by the age of 72 days. Development of diabetes was associated with increases in the serum and pancreatic MDA, WBC-CL and pancreatic-CL and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1 c). SDG prevented the development of diabetes by 75 % in STZ rats, by 71 % in BBdp rats and by 20 % at 72 days of age in ZDF rats. However, 80 % of the rats which did not develop diabetes by 72 days of age, developed diabetes later on, suggesting that SDG treatment delays the development of diabetes in ZDF rats. Treatment with SDG decreased the levels of serum and pancreatic MDA, WBC-CL and pancreatic-CL. In conclusion, development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes is mediated through oxidative stress and the prevention or delay in the development of diabetes with SDG could be due to its antioxidant activity and its suppressant effect on PEPCK enzyme. Lignan complex which contains 34 % to 38 % of SDG is effective in lowering serum glucose and HbA1 c in type 2 diabetes in humans.
{"title":"Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside (SDG) from flaxseed in the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus","authors":"K. Prasad, Kalpana K Bhanumathy","doi":"10.5937/scriptamed54-41932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed54-41932","url":null,"abstract":"This review focuses on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and its treatment with secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) isolated from flaxseed which is an antioxidant and suppresses phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene expression, a ratelimiting enzyme in the gluconeogenesis in the liver. Role of ROS in the development of type 1 diabetes [diabetic prone Bio Breeding (BBdp) rats and streptozotocin-induced diabetic (STZ) rats and type 2 diabetes (Zucker diabetic fatty female rats, ZDF rats)] has been discussed. Oxidative stress has been assessed by measuring serum and pancreatic malondialdehyde (MDA), pancreatic chemiluminescence (pancreatic-CL) and oxygen radical producing activity of white blood cells (WBCCL). Diagnosis of diabetes was made by hyperglycaemia and glucosuria. Incidence of diabetes was 100 % in SDZ rats, 72 % in BBdp rats and 100 % in ZDF rats by the age of 72 days. Development of diabetes was associated with increases in the serum and pancreatic MDA, WBC-CL and pancreatic-CL and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1 c). SDG prevented the development of diabetes by 75 % in STZ rats, by 71 % in BBdp rats and by 20 % at 72 days of age in ZDF rats. However, 80 % of the rats which did not develop diabetes by 72 days of age, developed diabetes later on, suggesting that SDG treatment delays the development of diabetes in ZDF rats. Treatment with SDG decreased the levels of serum and pancreatic MDA, WBC-CL and pancreatic-CL. In conclusion, development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes is mediated through oxidative stress and the prevention or delay in the development of diabetes with SDG could be due to its antioxidant activity and its suppressant effect on PEPCK enzyme. Lignan complex which contains 34 % to 38 % of SDG is effective in lowering serum glucose and HbA1 c in type 2 diabetes in humans.","PeriodicalId":33497,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Medica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84347139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed54-42904
I. Arif, Maarif Rizki, Rifqi Firdaus, Ahsani Nur
Background/Aim: Nicotine content and flavour in electronic cigarette (e-cig) liquids have been demonstrated to cause oxidative stress in acute exposure. However, the chronic effects of using unflavoured and with or without nicotine in e-cigs liquid have not been evaluated. This in vivo study aims to investigate the chronic effect of e-cig exposure with unflavoured liquids at different nicotine concentrations on oxidative stress. Methods: The 24 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six each. Normal, as a control group. Nic 0, Nic 6 and Nic 12 groups were exposed to unflavoured e-cig liquid for eight weeks with different nicotine concentrations: 0, 6 and 12 mg/mL, respectively. E-cig exposure in rats was conducted using an exposure instrument adjusted to real-life exposure to humans. Oxidative stress markers, including plasma, liver and lung malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as plasma catalase (Cat) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were assessed at the end of the study. Results: Unflavoured e-cig liquids induced oxidative stress in a nicotine concentration-dependent manner, in which the nicotine content of 12 mg/mL demonstrated the greatest response. There was a significant increase in plasma, liver and lung MDA and concurrently decreased plasma and selected organs SOD, as well as plasma Cat and GPx in all nicotine concentration exposed groups compared to the Normal group. Conclusions: Chronic unflavoured liquids in e-cig exposure at different nicotine concentrations induced oxidative stress, potentially leading to various oxidative stress-induced diseases.
{"title":"Electronic cigarettes with different nicotine concentrations in unflavoured liquid induce oxidative stress","authors":"I. Arif, Maarif Rizki, Rifqi Firdaus, Ahsani Nur","doi":"10.5937/scriptamed54-42904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed54-42904","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Nicotine content and flavour in electronic cigarette (e-cig) liquids have been demonstrated to cause oxidative stress in acute exposure. However, the chronic effects of using unflavoured and with or without nicotine in e-cigs liquid have not been evaluated. This in vivo study aims to investigate the chronic effect of e-cig exposure with unflavoured liquids at different nicotine concentrations on oxidative stress. Methods: The 24 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six each. Normal, as a control group. Nic 0, Nic 6 and Nic 12 groups were exposed to unflavoured e-cig liquid for eight weeks with different nicotine concentrations: 0, 6 and 12 mg/mL, respectively. E-cig exposure in rats was conducted using an exposure instrument adjusted to real-life exposure to humans. Oxidative stress markers, including plasma, liver and lung malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as plasma catalase (Cat) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were assessed at the end of the study. Results: Unflavoured e-cig liquids induced oxidative stress in a nicotine concentration-dependent manner, in which the nicotine content of 12 mg/mL demonstrated the greatest response. There was a significant increase in plasma, liver and lung MDA and concurrently decreased plasma and selected organs SOD, as well as plasma Cat and GPx in all nicotine concentration exposed groups compared to the Normal group. Conclusions: Chronic unflavoured liquids in e-cig exposure at different nicotine concentrations induced oxidative stress, potentially leading to various oxidative stress-induced diseases.","PeriodicalId":33497,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Medica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79634396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed54-42230
Satriya Pranata, S. Wu, Tsae‐Jyy Wang, S. Liang, Bistara Nobel, Y. Chuang, K. Lu, Atmaja Kusuma
Background/Aim: An evaluation of precision healthcare interventions among patients with diabetes in a small sample through a pilot test before being tested in a larger sample is needed. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a precision healthcare programme. It also assesses the programme's outcome among patients with diabetes in Indonesia. Methods: Data were collected during December 2020. The researchers first gathered data about participant characteristics. Furthermore, the strategies of precision healthcare were implemented in sixty respondents to evaluate the feasibility and outcome of the programme in a month. Results: The participants mentioned that they can follow all procedures of precision healthcare. However, they asked the researcher to provide a guide and monitoring book which provides safe choices information on diet, exercise, glucose monitoring and drug medication. Moreover, participants mentioned that they could complete all questionnaires but needed a company of a research assistant. The benefits of a month of precision healthcare were improved diabetes self-care activity, blood pressure and blood glucose level. However, the body weight, body mass index (BMI), triglyceride, cholesterol and triglyceride glucose index were not significantly improved. Conclusion: A pilot test is needed to ensure the feasibility of the implementation strategy with the culture and background of diabetic patients in Indonesia. Improving diabetes self-care activity stabilised blood pressure and blood glucose during a month, so it can be assumed that precision healthcare approaches were potentially being applied in Indonesia. On the other hand, it is needed more than a month to improve body weight, BMI, triglyceride, cholesterol and triglyceride glucose index. Thus, testing the precision healthcare approach in a larger sample with long time series for patients with diabetes in Indonesia through a randomised controlled trial (RCT) is needed.
{"title":"A pilot test for implementing precision healthcare programme in patients with diabetes in Indonesia","authors":"Satriya Pranata, S. Wu, Tsae‐Jyy Wang, S. Liang, Bistara Nobel, Y. Chuang, K. Lu, Atmaja Kusuma","doi":"10.5937/scriptamed54-42230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed54-42230","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: An evaluation of precision healthcare interventions among patients with diabetes in a small sample through a pilot test before being tested in a larger sample is needed. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a precision healthcare programme. It also assesses the programme's outcome among patients with diabetes in Indonesia. Methods: Data were collected during December 2020. The researchers first gathered data about participant characteristics. Furthermore, the strategies of precision healthcare were implemented in sixty respondents to evaluate the feasibility and outcome of the programme in a month. Results: The participants mentioned that they can follow all procedures of precision healthcare. However, they asked the researcher to provide a guide and monitoring book which provides safe choices information on diet, exercise, glucose monitoring and drug medication. Moreover, participants mentioned that they could complete all questionnaires but needed a company of a research assistant. The benefits of a month of precision healthcare were improved diabetes self-care activity, blood pressure and blood glucose level. However, the body weight, body mass index (BMI), triglyceride, cholesterol and triglyceride glucose index were not significantly improved. Conclusion: A pilot test is needed to ensure the feasibility of the implementation strategy with the culture and background of diabetic patients in Indonesia. Improving diabetes self-care activity stabilised blood pressure and blood glucose during a month, so it can be assumed that precision healthcare approaches were potentially being applied in Indonesia. On the other hand, it is needed more than a month to improve body weight, BMI, triglyceride, cholesterol and triglyceride glucose index. Thus, testing the precision healthcare approach in a larger sample with long time series for patients with diabetes in Indonesia through a randomised controlled trial (RCT) is needed.","PeriodicalId":33497,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Medica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78282803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed54-44663
I. Koshurba, M. Chyzh, F. Hladkykh, Roman Komorovsky, M. Marchenko
Background/Aim: Drug-induced liver injury is one of the major causes of acute liver failure. Under current circumstances of the pandemic of COVID-19, the use of paracetamol which has a proven hepatotoxic effect has increased. This prompts the search for novel agents with hepatoprotective properties. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of cryoextract of the placenta (CEP) on the model of paracetamol-induced hepatitis. Methods: The study was performed on 28 male rats. Acute drug liver damage was modelled by intragastric administration of paracetamol twice at a dose of 1250 mg/kg. Results: The development of paracetamol-induced hepatitis in rats was accompanied by a 71.3 % increase (p < 0.001) in the content of active products of thiobarbituric acid (TBA-AP) in liver homogenates as compared with intact animals. Besides, there was a 2.1-fold (p < 0.001) increase of ALT activity, a 58.8 % increase (p < 0.001) of AST activity and a 4.2-fold (p < 0.001) increase of the concentration of total bilirubin as compared with intact rats. The use of cryopreserved placenta extract showed significant hepatoprotection in a rat model of paracetamol-induced hepatitis. This was demonstrated by a 2.3-fold (p < 0.01) increase of the antioxidant-prooxidant index, a significant (p < 0.001) decrease of activity of ALT (by 44.0 %) and AST (by 29.6 %), as well as by a decrease of direct bilirubin level by 52.5 % (p < 0.001) in animals treated with CEP as compared with rats without treatment. Conclusion: The development of acute paracetamol-induced hepatitis in rats was associated with activation of lipid peroxidation processes in liver tissues, while CEP showed marked hepatoprotective activity in paracetamol-induced hepatitis in rats.
{"title":"Role of cryopreserved placenta extract in prevention and treatment of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats","authors":"I. Koshurba, M. Chyzh, F. Hladkykh, Roman Komorovsky, M. Marchenko","doi":"10.5937/scriptamed54-44663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed54-44663","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Drug-induced liver injury is one of the major causes of acute liver failure. Under current circumstances of the pandemic of COVID-19, the use of paracetamol which has a proven hepatotoxic effect has increased. This prompts the search for novel agents with hepatoprotective properties. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of cryoextract of the placenta (CEP) on the model of paracetamol-induced hepatitis. Methods: The study was performed on 28 male rats. Acute drug liver damage was modelled by intragastric administration of paracetamol twice at a dose of 1250 mg/kg. Results: The development of paracetamol-induced hepatitis in rats was accompanied by a 71.3 % increase (p < 0.001) in the content of active products of thiobarbituric acid (TBA-AP) in liver homogenates as compared with intact animals. Besides, there was a 2.1-fold (p < 0.001) increase of ALT activity, a 58.8 % increase (p < 0.001) of AST activity and a 4.2-fold (p < 0.001) increase of the concentration of total bilirubin as compared with intact rats. The use of cryopreserved placenta extract showed significant hepatoprotection in a rat model of paracetamol-induced hepatitis. This was demonstrated by a 2.3-fold (p < 0.01) increase of the antioxidant-prooxidant index, a significant (p < 0.001) decrease of activity of ALT (by 44.0 %) and AST (by 29.6 %), as well as by a decrease of direct bilirubin level by 52.5 % (p < 0.001) in animals treated with CEP as compared with rats without treatment. Conclusion: The development of acute paracetamol-induced hepatitis in rats was associated with activation of lipid peroxidation processes in liver tissues, while CEP showed marked hepatoprotective activity in paracetamol-induced hepatitis in rats.","PeriodicalId":33497,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Medica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88629081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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