Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.26565/2311-2379-2022-103-08
The topic of the standard of living is one of the most relevant in the modern world, because everyone strives for development, improvement and comfort at different social levels, starting from ordinary workers and ending with the presidents of countries. Every country strives to create the highest quality conditions for a better life for its population. But the question arises as to which factors contribute to a better quality of life. Therefore, in the modern world, leading countries and countries with developed economies are trying to research in more detail and develop effective strategies for the development of people's well-being. This work covers the topic of happiness, well-being and the modern perception of the standard of living of the population. The problems of perception of these parameters and their assessment are considered. Socio-economic models were obtained, which are mathematical models of the dependence of the level of happiness on the set of available factors. Based on the data of the global rating of the happiness level of the countries The World Happiness Report, socio-economic models of the quality of life of the population were built and studied using the method of regression analysis of multifactor models, also such methods of building a multifactor model as the method of stepwise inclusion of factors, the method of stepwise exclusion of factors were additionally used and the ridge regression method. According to the results of the constructed models, the structure of the factors in the model and the level of their influence on the explained variable were investigated. The most important indicators, which have the highest frequency in explaining the dependent variable, are highlighted. The dependent variable in the function of the regression model is the happiness rating of the countries, the independent variables affecting this indicator are the following factors: GDP per capita, healthy life expectancy, social support, freedom to make life choices, generosity and perception of corruption. The main stages of the research will be carried out in a special package of Statistica application programs, additional auxiliary calculations will also be performed in Microsoft Excel.
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Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.26565/2227-1864-2022-91-01
N. Havryliuk
The article examines the images and motives of Horace, reinterpreted by Hryhoriy Skovoroda: dangers, a pure heart, a traveler in search of happiness. The mechanism of Ukrainian Socrates transfer of certain elements of Horace's ode «To Aristius Fuscus» and To «Pompey Grosphus» from the ancient soil to the plane of the Holy Scriptures was studied. The 20th canto of «The Garden of Divine Songs» and the ode «To Aristius Fuscus» are shown to unfold the motif of danger in different ways. The Ancient author presents it as physical (wolf, lion), and the Ukrainian philosopher presents it as spiritual (slander, slander). According to both, purity of soul is the key to victory. For Horace, this thesis is superficial, the exoticism of the adventure described in the work is more important to him. According to the Ukrainian Socrates, the purity of the soul is the guarantee of its eternal salvation, to which the named song is dedicated. As for the 24th song of «The Garden of Divine Songs», it echoes Horace's ode «To Pompey Grosf». Both works philosophically interpret the topic of happiness. It is noted that for Horace moderation in wealth is a guarantee of happiness, and for Hryhoriy Skovoroda it is only a condition. In contrast to the ancient thinker, the Ukrainian believes that the key to happiness is a «small soul», not burdened by pride and excessive desires. Hryhoriy Skovoroda unfolds the motives of Horace, keeping the possibility of a double interpretation of the most important passages of the text. The works of the baroque author not only glorify the ideas. They have the direct elements of a song: choruses, rich sound writing and rhymes, and a fixed stanza structure.
{"title":"Skovoroda and Horace in The «Garden of Divine Songs»","authors":"N. Havryliuk","doi":"10.26565/2227-1864-2022-91-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2227-1864-2022-91-01","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the images and motives of Horace, reinterpreted by Hryhoriy Skovoroda: dangers, a pure heart, a traveler in search of happiness. The mechanism of Ukrainian Socrates transfer of certain elements of Horace's ode «To Aristius Fuscus» and To «Pompey Grosphus» from the ancient soil to the plane of the Holy Scriptures was studied.\u0000\u0000The 20th canto of «The Garden of Divine Songs» and the ode «To Aristius Fuscus» are shown to unfold the motif of danger in different ways. The Ancient author presents it as physical (wolf, lion), and the Ukrainian philosopher presents it as spiritual (slander, slander). According to both, purity of soul is the key to victory. For Horace, this thesis is superficial, the exoticism of the adventure described in the work is more important to him. According to the Ukrainian Socrates, the purity of the soul is the guarantee of its eternal salvation, to which the named song is dedicated.\u0000\u0000As for the 24th song of «The Garden of Divine Songs», it echoes Horace's ode «To Pompey Grosf». Both works philosophically interpret the topic of happiness. It is noted that for Horace moderation in wealth is a guarantee of happiness, and for Hryhoriy Skovoroda it is only a condition. In contrast to the ancient thinker, the Ukrainian believes that the key to happiness is a «small soul», not burdened by pride and excessive desires. Hryhoriy Skovoroda unfolds the motives of Horace, keeping the possibility of a double interpretation of the most important passages of the text.\u0000\u0000The works of the baroque author not only glorify the ideas. They have the direct elements of a song: choruses, rich sound writing and rhymes, and a fixed stanza structure.","PeriodicalId":33522,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogo universitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Ekonomika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89908633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.26565/2311-2379-2022-103-05
V. Kostohryz, Y. Zhezherun, I. Korsun
Ukraine has been operating in a VUCA environment for quite a long period of time, which was significantly aggravated under the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic and the beginning of full-scale military operations on the territory of the country. A VUCA environment, as the antipode of stability, is characterized by chaos and unpredictability. In this article, financial stability of the banking sector is considered as its ability to effectively perform its functions and resist the effects of destructive factors of a VUCA environment. The essence and features of a VUCA environment manifestation have been examined in the article. The main challenges of the VUCA environment, which caused destructive changes in macroeconomic indicators and the main indicators of the functioning of the banking sector, have been identified, namely: the impact of the global financial crisis of 2008-2009; destabilization of the political situation, the conduct of the anti-terrorist operation in the east of Ukraine, the annexation of Crimea (since 2014); the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic (since 2020); a full-scale military invasion of Russia into the territory of Ukraine (since February 24, 2022). The country’s economy as a whole and the banking sector in particular have suffered the greatest losses during the studied period precisely as a result of the full-scale military invasion. In response to the challenges of the VUCA environment, it became necessary to develop concepts for countering destructive influences. The strategy of behavior in the VUCA environment is aimed at adaptive behavior, meaningful risk, and active implementation of innovations in the business model. Among the technologies that change business models of banks, acting as tools of digital transformation, providing new approaches to customer service and organization of internal business processes in banks, there are: artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain, biometrics, application programming interfaces, etc.
{"title":"The banking sector of Ukraine in the space of influence of the VUCA environment on financial stability","authors":"V. Kostohryz, Y. Zhezherun, I. Korsun","doi":"10.26565/2311-2379-2022-103-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2311-2379-2022-103-05","url":null,"abstract":"Ukraine has been operating in a VUCA environment for quite a long period of time, which was significantly aggravated under the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic and the beginning of full-scale military operations on the territory of the country. A VUCA environment, as the antipode of stability, is characterized by chaos and unpredictability. In this article, financial stability of the banking sector is considered as its ability to effectively perform its functions and resist the effects of destructive factors of a VUCA environment. The essence and features of a VUCA environment manifestation have been examined in the article. The main challenges of the VUCA environment, which caused destructive changes in macroeconomic indicators and the main indicators of the functioning of the banking sector, have been identified, namely: the impact of the global financial crisis of 2008-2009; destabilization of the political situation, the conduct of the anti-terrorist operation in the east of Ukraine, the annexation of Crimea (since 2014); the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic (since 2020); a full-scale military invasion of Russia into the territory of Ukraine (since February 24, 2022). The country’s economy as a whole and the banking sector in particular have suffered the greatest losses during the studied period precisely as a result of the full-scale military invasion. In response to the challenges of the VUCA environment, it became necessary to develop concepts for countering destructive influences. The strategy of behavior in the VUCA environment is aimed at adaptive behavior, meaningful risk, and active implementation of innovations in the business model. Among the technologies that change business models of banks, acting as tools of digital transformation, providing new approaches to customer service and organization of internal business processes in banks, there are: artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain, biometrics, application programming interfaces, etc.","PeriodicalId":33522,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogo universitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Ekonomika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46456654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.26565/2311-2379-2022-103-06
N. Doroshenko, A. Baklanova
The article is devoted to the analysis of the banking system of Ukraine as of November 2022, namely for 9 months of a full-scale Russian invasion of the territory of an independent state - Ukraine. The war continues, now the terrorist country is targeting the energy and civilian structure of Ukraine. But the main state structures have come out of a state of shock, stabilized and are working in full mode. It should be noted that there are still very few studies on the chosen topic in the Ukrainian scientific community, and their need is growing every day, since practical actions should be based on theoretical grounds. The purpose of the article is to study the activities of the banking sector of Ukraine after the events of February 24, 2022 and to analyze the actions of the NBU, which currently keep the banking system indestructible. The article describes the main measures of the NBU as an organization that conducts monetary policy and keeps the monetary unit - the hryvnia in a balanced state. Actions that led to the stable operation of the banking system after a full-scale Russian invasion and ensure not only the controlled operation of banks, but also keep the information field for customers transparent and eliminates panic among the population. The main limitations for clients of commercial banks and the stages of stabilization of commercial banks are also analyzed. The study traced the dynamics of the dollar, rates on deposits and loans for the future, taking into account the results of the banking system in recent years. The actions of commercial banks regarding the introduction of loan repayment holidays were evaluated. It also proposed steps that will help in the future to carry out a stable banking policy and get closer to reducing the factors on which the country's economy as a whole depends (inflation index, interest rate, credit interest, foreign exchange rates against the dollar). The reasons for the closure of banks are analyzed and recommendations are made to save banking institutions that are on the verge of liquidation by providing subordinated debt by the state. Compared the decision of the National Bank of Ukraine and the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, in terms of restrictions on the provision of loans and deposits, revealed negative aspects of the government's actions regarding the economic condition of the country. The dynamics of changes have been traced and conclusions have been drawn on the indicators of return on assets and equity over the years of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 - 2021) and during the period of full-scale invasion of Ukraine.
{"title":"The banking system of Ukraine during the period of marital status: challenges and achievements","authors":"N. Doroshenko, A. Baklanova","doi":"10.26565/2311-2379-2022-103-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2311-2379-2022-103-06","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the banking system of Ukraine as of November 2022, namely for 9 months of a full-scale Russian invasion of the territory of an independent state - Ukraine. The war continues, now the terrorist country is targeting the energy and civilian structure of Ukraine. But the main state structures have come out of a state of shock, stabilized and are working in full mode. It should be noted that there are still very few studies on the chosen topic in the Ukrainian scientific community, and their need is growing every day, since practical actions should be based on theoretical grounds. The purpose of the article is to study the activities of the banking sector of Ukraine after the events of February 24, 2022 and to analyze the actions of the NBU, which currently keep the banking system indestructible. The article describes the main measures of the NBU as an organization that conducts monetary policy and keeps the monetary unit - the hryvnia in a balanced state. Actions that led to the stable operation of the banking system after a full-scale Russian invasion and ensure not only the controlled operation of banks, but also keep the information field for customers transparent and eliminates panic among the population. The main limitations for clients of commercial banks and the stages of stabilization of commercial banks are also analyzed. The study traced the dynamics of the dollar, rates on deposits and loans for the future, taking into account the results of the banking system in recent years. The actions of commercial banks regarding the introduction of loan repayment holidays were evaluated. It also proposed steps that will help in the future to carry out a stable banking policy and get closer to reducing the factors on which the country's economy as a whole depends (inflation index, interest rate, credit interest, foreign exchange rates against the dollar). The reasons for the closure of banks are analyzed and recommendations are made to save banking institutions that are on the verge of liquidation by providing subordinated debt by the state. Compared the decision of the National Bank of Ukraine and the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, in terms of restrictions on the provision of loans and deposits, revealed negative aspects of the government's actions regarding the economic condition of the country. The dynamics of changes have been traced and conclusions have been drawn on the indicators of return on assets and equity over the years of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 - 2021) and during the period of full-scale invasion of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":33522,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogo universitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Ekonomika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43858789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.26565/2227-1864-2022-91-02
B. Krysa
The image-symbol of mountain, a key image-symbol in Skovoroda’s poetical and philosophical discourse never was an object of special attention, thus making the article relevant.It aims at an attempt to ascertain the semantic and emotional function of this image in H. Skovoroda’s spiritual space, conditioned by the correlation of the Christian written tradition with the signs of its author’s interpretation determined by the advancement towards God as an advancement towards yourself, urging to rise above ordinariness and to relinquish the world’s temptations.And at the same time, the symbol of spiritual summit matches the images of earthly mountains, with spatiality of feelings enabling the emphasis on the commensurability of the visible and the invisible, of the immanent and the transcendental.This correlation makes Skovoroda’s spiritual journey both intensely dramatic and lyrical, earthly and heavenly, and the sign of Christ’s visible Crucifixion coexists with His invisible Resurrection.The image of mountain holds an important position in Skovoroda’s world.Even the affinity or the identity the images of mountain and rock have reveals this characteristic to be the foundation and the summit at the same time, the aim and the way to that aim, to watch the earth and the heaven, the man’s and the God’s.H. Skovoroda perceives the heavenly mountain as the Wisdom of God, the place of revelation, meeting with God, announcement of His will, and the earthly mountain as the visible trace of God.The image of mountain connects the visible to the invisible, becomes an equivalent of the measure of human life. One author’s text opens another one, and all of them together path the way to the Holy Scripture because they grow from it.Along these lines, Skovoroda continues the tradition which united different authors preceding him and touched the summits of Ukrainian literature. Along these lines, Skovoroda continues the tradition which united different authors preceding him and touched the summits of Ukrainian literature. We make a conclusion that talking about mountains in Skovoroda’s sense brings about a certain reverse perspective projected on the general experience of man and the experience of reading in particular.
{"title":"Hryhoriy Skovoroda on heavenly and earthly mountains","authors":"B. Krysa","doi":"10.26565/2227-1864-2022-91-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2227-1864-2022-91-02","url":null,"abstract":"The image-symbol of mountain, a key image-symbol in Skovoroda’s poetical and philosophical discourse never was an object of special attention, thus making the article relevant.It aims at an attempt to ascertain the semantic and emotional function of this image in H. Skovoroda’s spiritual space, conditioned by the correlation of the Christian written tradition with the signs of its author’s interpretation determined by the advancement towards God as an advancement towards yourself, urging to rise above ordinariness and to relinquish the world’s temptations.And at the same time, the symbol of spiritual summit matches the images of earthly mountains, with spatiality of feelings enabling the emphasis on the commensurability of the visible and the invisible, of the immanent and the transcendental.This correlation makes Skovoroda’s spiritual journey both intensely dramatic and lyrical, earthly and heavenly, and the sign of Christ’s visible Crucifixion coexists with His invisible Resurrection.The image of mountain holds an important position in Skovoroda’s world.Even the affinity or the identity the images of mountain and rock have reveals this characteristic to be the foundation and the summit at the same time, the aim and the way to that aim, to watch the earth and the heaven, the man’s and the God’s.H. Skovoroda perceives the heavenly mountain as the Wisdom of God, the place of revelation, meeting with God, announcement of His will, and the earthly mountain as the visible trace of God.The image of mountain connects the visible to the invisible, becomes an equivalent of the measure of human life.\u0000\u0000One author’s text opens another one, and all of them together path the way to the Holy Scripture because they grow from it.Along these lines, Skovoroda continues the tradition which united different authors preceding him and touched the summits of Ukrainian literature.\u0000\u0000Along these lines, Skovoroda continues the tradition which united different authors preceding him and touched the summits of Ukrainian literature.\u0000\u0000We make a conclusion that talking about mountains in Skovoroda’s sense brings about a certain reverse perspective projected on the general experience of man and the experience of reading in particular.","PeriodicalId":33522,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogo universitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Ekonomika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79676705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.26565/2311-2379-2022-103-09
N. Butko
The necessity of compliance with environmental standards in the process of production activities of agricultural business entities in order to ensure their successful functioning is substantiated. It has been studied that the approach to the production of environmental products, is innovative due to the application of measures that cause minimal damage to the environment. Ecologization of agricultural production involves restoring the agro-resource potential of land, preserving the environment and growing quality and safe food. It was found out that ecologization of production in the agricultural sector is formalized in the concept of organic production, which embodies the idea of a healthy lifestyle and nutrition. It is highlighted that organic production ensures the manufacture and sale of organic products that are obtained as a result of certified production within the legally established procedures. It is substantiated that ecologically oriented management is an important direction of innovative development of the agricultural sector enterprises and it is closely related to the environmental aspects of the use of their lands. The study of the indicators of the development of organic production in Ukraine showed the distribution of operators of certified subjects of the organic market of the country by their number and the total area of agricultural land in 2021. The factors that constrain the development of organic production of domestic business entities are shown. It is noted that the production of organic products brings much higher profits to agricultural producers compared to the traditional one and the reasons for the profitability of such ecological systems are described. To ensure the effective ecologization of production, domestic business entities should search for innovative forms of economic and organizational cooperation among themselves. Such interaction will be a priority area for innovative development of agricultural sector enterprises, which will allow to realize ecological balance in agro-ecosystems. The aspects of stimulating the ecologization of production within enterprises that have chosen an innovative way of development are described. These are organizational, managerial, environmental, geographical and economic and legal features of the development of ecologically-oriented business entities.
{"title":"Ecologization of production as an innovative direction for the development of domestic business entities","authors":"N. Butko","doi":"10.26565/2311-2379-2022-103-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2311-2379-2022-103-09","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity of compliance with environmental standards in the process of production activities of agricultural business entities in order to ensure their successful functioning is substantiated. It has been studied that the approach to the production of environmental products, is innovative due to the application of measures that cause minimal damage to the environment. Ecologization of agricultural production involves restoring the agro-resource potential of land, preserving the environment and growing quality and safe food. It was found out that ecologization of production in the agricultural sector is formalized in the concept of organic production, which embodies the idea of a healthy lifestyle and nutrition. It is highlighted that organic production ensures the manufacture and sale of organic products that are obtained as a result of certified production within the legally established procedures. It is substantiated that ecologically oriented management is an important direction of innovative development of the agricultural sector enterprises and it is closely related to the environmental aspects of the use of their lands. The study of the indicators of the development of organic production in Ukraine showed the distribution of operators of certified subjects of the organic market of the country by their number and the total area of agricultural land in 2021. The factors that constrain the development of organic production of domestic business entities are shown. It is noted that the production of organic products brings much higher profits to agricultural producers compared to the traditional one and the reasons for the profitability of such ecological systems are described. To ensure the effective ecologization of production, domestic business entities should search for innovative forms of economic and organizational cooperation among themselves. Such interaction will be a priority area for innovative development of agricultural sector enterprises, which will allow to realize ecological balance in agro-ecosystems. The aspects of stimulating the ecologization of production within enterprises that have chosen an innovative way of development are described. These are organizational, managerial, environmental, geographical and economic and legal features of the development of ecologically-oriented business entities.","PeriodicalId":33522,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogo universitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Ekonomika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42908278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.26565/2311-2379-2022-103-02
B. Bezzubko, Y. Bezzubko
International technical assistance (ITA) is gaining more and more importance in the international economy. International technical assistance becomes an integral element of the international economic system, a significant factor influencing its development. The article identifies factors affecting the effectiveness of international technical assistance. The external factors of influence include: adequacy of the volume and urgency of providing assistance; increasing transparency and awareness of assistance programs; conducting joint analytical work by donors; increasing the amount of assistance provided through programmatic approaches (planning, budgeting, implementation) that exist in Ukraine. Internal factors of influence include: the presence of a strategy of international technical assistance as part of the national development strategy; modernization of the state management system of ITA; improvement of the legal framework; active involvement of civil society in the planning, implementation, monitoring and control of ITA; improvement of the system of monitoring, control and evaluation of the results of implementation of ITA. It was established that the main conditions for increasing the effectiveness of ITA are: the introduction of new tools for assessing the impact of international technical assistance on the socio-economic processes taking place in the country; changes in the methodology and methods of implementation of projects and programs of ITA in accordance with the needs and limitations of the recipient; development of the potential of assistance recipients; transparency and accountability in management; interdepartmental and public-private cooperation and partnership. Increasing the effectiveness of ITA will be facilitated by: the transition to joint financing of solving urgent problems by both donors and recipients; increasing the level of responsibility of recipients for the use of received resources of ITA; constant communication between donors and assistance recipients; availability of highly qualified specialists; constant cooperation with state authorities in the country.
{"title":"Directions for improving the effectiveness of international technical assistance in Ukraine","authors":"B. Bezzubko, Y. Bezzubko","doi":"10.26565/2311-2379-2022-103-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2311-2379-2022-103-02","url":null,"abstract":"International technical assistance (ITA) is gaining more and more importance in the international economy. International technical assistance becomes an integral element of the international economic system, a significant factor influencing its development. The article identifies factors affecting the effectiveness of international technical assistance. The external factors of influence include: adequacy of the volume and urgency of providing assistance; increasing transparency and awareness of assistance programs; conducting joint analytical work by donors; increasing the amount of assistance provided through programmatic approaches (planning, budgeting, implementation) that exist in Ukraine. Internal factors of influence include: the presence of a strategy of international technical assistance as part of the national development strategy; modernization of the state management system of ITA; improvement of the legal framework; active involvement of civil society in the planning, implementation, monitoring and control of ITA; improvement of the system of monitoring, control and evaluation of the results of implementation of ITA. It was established that the main conditions for increasing the effectiveness of ITA are: the introduction of new tools for assessing the impact of international technical assistance on the socio-economic processes taking place in the country; changes in the methodology and methods of implementation of projects and programs of ITA in accordance with the needs and limitations of the recipient; development of the potential of assistance recipients; transparency and accountability in management; interdepartmental and public-private cooperation and partnership. Increasing the effectiveness of ITA will be facilitated by: the transition to joint financing of solving urgent problems by both donors and recipients; increasing the level of responsibility of recipients for the use of received resources of ITA; constant communication between donors and assistance recipients; availability of highly qualified specialists; constant cooperation with state authorities in the country.","PeriodicalId":33522,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogo universitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Ekonomika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45817257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.26565/2311-2379-2022-103-10
O. Hnylianska
In management, there are many management approaches that make it possible to increase the performance indicators of the enterprise. At the same time, the priority direction of the development of enterprises is the implementation of innovative activities. To achieve success in this area, companies are changing management approaches, organizational structures and business models. However, in the conditions of constant aggravation of the competitive struggle, the achievement of high indicators of the enterprise's activity is best ensured by the reengineering of business processes. The innovativeness of reengineering lies in the fact that it combines the use of the prerogatives of computer technologies, human resource management technologies and changes in business processes. In the current economic conditions, the speed of reaction of all subsystems of the enterprise and the efficiency of operations are of particular importance and are a necessary condition for its effective functioning in the conditions of constantly intensifying competition. In this situation, reengineering is the most effective, because it contributes to increasing the efficiency of the enterprise by changing the business model it uses. Therefore, the study of reengineering procedures, its principles and tasks is relevant in today's conditions. The purpose of the study is to generalize theoretical approaches to the main principles, types and tasks of business process reengineering as a tool for effective enterprise management. The methodological basis of the study was the work of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of reengineering and change management of enterprises. Business process reengineering is a thorough rethinking and radical redesign of business processes of enterprises that want to significantly improve their performance. . It is used when it is necessary to make a reasoned decision about the reorganization of activities: radical transformations, business restructuring, replacement of existing management structures with new ones, etc. Thanks to the effective use of business process reengineering tools, it is possible to make the enterprise more flexible to changes in the external environment and more stable in competitive conditions. Thus, the reengineering of business processes involves a decisive, fundamental restructuring of business processes and the foundations of the management organization in order to significantly increase the competitiveness of the enterprise on the market and significantly increase the efficiency of the enterprise as a whole system.
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Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.26565/2311-2379-2022-103-13
M. Litvina
Unemployment is a complex socio-economic phenomenon in which a part of the economically active population does not have a job or income. Unemployment has negative socio-economic consequences, among which the main ones are: the growth of marginal population groups, the criminalization of society, the psychological depression of the unemployed is expressed by suicide, alcoholism, drug addiction, and as a result, a decrease in natural population growth and life expectancy. Such a complex and multifaceted phenomenon as unemployment depends not only on the economic indicators of the countries' development, but also on the indicators of the social development of societies. Therefore, the purpose of the work will be to identify the interrelationships of unemployment and socio-economic indicators of the countries' development. For the analysis, data was obtained from the open databases of 2 organizations "The World Bank" and "The Heritage Foundation". Based on this, 162 countries and 84 indicators of socio-economic development were selected. The data was prepared for modeling, the optimal number of clusters was determined. As a result of simulation, 9 different clusters were obtained. During the analysis of clustering results, it was found that countries with a higher index of economic freedom usually have a lower unemployment rate than countries with a lower level of economic freedom. The indicator of economic freedom is only a reflection of state policy at various levels: citizens' rights, judicial efficiency, tax policy, freedom of labor, business and investment, etc. Therefore, in order to reduce the unemployment rate in the country, it is necessary to introduce laws to prevent the improvement of judicial efficiency. It was also found that countries with a higher ratio of GDP per capita have a lower level of unemployment. A lower level of unemployment in countries is also observed with a lower percentage of the self-employed population. The self-employed population has less and less room for work due to new technologies and a very high entry threshold for many activities, such as production, distribution, etc. Positive migration is also interconnected with a decrease in unemployment. A lower unemployment rate is followed by lower loan rates. Lower interest rates on bank loans stimulate business to expand and develop. Along with the decrease in the percentage of the employed population in agriculture, the decrease in the percentage of unemployment in the country is followed. Rather, it is related to a more general and complex process of development of the industrial system of society and scientific and technical development. The presented results can be the basis for further research. For example, developing a factor analysis or building a regression or multifactor model for the countries of the same cluster.
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Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.26565/2227-1864-2022-91-04
Oleksandr Soletskyi
The paper focuses on the features, origin, and functions of Hryhorii Skovoroda’s (1722–1794) emblematic language (speech) in the dialogue A Colloquy, called “Alphabet,” or “Primer of Peace”. The objective is to study the emblematic arrangements of Hryhorii Skovoroda within the European emblematic literature context, focusing on eventual intertextual relations and striking semiotic interactions. The text of the paper interprets the artistic and stylistic features of the emblematic construction of eide of the Ukrainian writer, their sources, contexts, and the author’s conceptual nominations. Theoretical generalizations are made primarily from the text of Skovoroda’s dialogue A Colloquy, called “Alphabet,” or “Primer of Peace”, as well as from his other works, the scholars’ works, and the European literary context. The structural-semiotic methodology has been employed to trace the identified issues. The main idea of the paper is to highlight the dominance of the emblematic way of meaning stating in Hryhorii Skovoroda, thus, the emblematic code as the core in the sense-modelling activities. Emblematic forms have a special place in the coverage of anthropological, metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic, and hermeneutic eide of the Ukrainian poet and philosopher. Skovoroda considers emblematics as a particularly effective visual-verbal (iconic-conventional) type of signification functioning as a kind of refined meta-language, an ancient arcane semiosis practice of intellectuals. He had his personal insight into the nature, structure, and potential of such an expression, which was elaborated by the long-term, permanent hermeneutics of biblical texts, formed on the logic and metaphysics of ancient philosophers, the context of literary and artistic baroque, European emblematic models. Skovoroda uses significative re-referencing as a means of interpretation, therefore, individual images, embodied in the word, resemble semiotic bunches, concise visual-verbal meaning-making entities, disclosed through associations, comparisons, oppositions, metaphors, and structural-emblematic representation.
本文主要研究了斯科沃罗达(1722-1794)在《对话》中所使用的象征语言(言语)的特点、来源和功能，该语言被称为“字母表”或“和平入门”。目的是在欧洲象征文学语境中研究斯科沃罗达的象征安排，重点是最终的互文关系和引人注目的符号互动。本文阐释了乌克兰作家eide象征性建构的艺术和风格特征，其来源、语境和作者的概念提名。理论概括主要来自于斯科沃罗达的《对话》(A Colloquy)，即《字母表》(Alphabet)或《和平入门》(Primer of Peace)，以及他的其他作品、学者们的作品和欧洲文学背景。结构符号学方法已被用来追踪识别的问题。本文的主要思想是强调在《赫里赫里·斯科沃罗达》中象征意义表达方式的主导地位，从而使象征符码成为意义塑造活动的核心。象征形式在乌克兰诗人和哲学家的人类学、形而上学、伦理学、美学和解释学观点中占有特殊的地位。Skovoroda认为象征性是一种特别有效的视觉-语言(符号-传统)类型的意义，作为一种精致的元语言，一种古老的知识分子神秘的符号学实践。他对这种表达的性质、结构和潜力有自己的见解，这是通过对圣经文本的长期、永久的解释学来阐述的，这种解释学形成于古代哲学家的逻辑和形而上学，文学和艺术巴洛克的背景，欧洲的象征模式。Skovoroda将有意义的再引用作为一种解释手段，因此，体现在单词中的个体图像类似于符号学束，是简洁的视觉语言意义构成实体，通过联想、比较、对立、隐喻和结构象征表征来揭示。
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