Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.26565/2220-7929-2022-61-05
T. Perga
The article explorers the activity of the joint-stock company «Ukrutilzbir», which during 1923 – the 1930s was one of the largest waste collectors in the Ukrainian SSR and during period under study successfully competed with such state agencies as Gostorg, Rusavstorg, Rudmetaltorg, Ukrbumtrest, etc. This topic has not been studied in domestic and foreign historiography. The article is based on the analysis of archival materials, which were at first put into scientific circulation. It has been shown that the emergence of the non-state actor was stimulated by the growing demand of industrial enterprises, which in the 1920s have experienced resource hunger in raw materials as well as the large capacity of the Ukrainian waste market. It was found that the first charitable motives of the company’s establishment were soon changed by the commercial interest in waste collection and recycling, but this did not diminish the importance of its activities for the development of waste management policies in the 1920s. The article reveals the main activities of the company (collection and sale of paper, scrap of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, rags, bones, rubber, and glass), its achievements, and problems. It was concluded that «Ukrutilzbir» has managed to build relevant infrastructure as well as an effective network, attracting to cooperation a wide range of both state and non-state actors, consumer cooperation societies, private waste collectors. It has not only taken up a significant share of the waste-collection market, influencing its formation but has also contributed to the development of standards of their utilization and recycling (collection, sorting, storage, and transportation) and preparing the skilled workers. However, with the establishment of the socialist economic system, the organization found itself in a situation of unequal competition with state actors, which had different preferences and access to financial resources. This led to its exclusion from the market and closure.
{"title":"Non-state Actor in Waste Disposal in the USSR: Activities of “Ukrutilzbir” in the 1920s","authors":"T. Perga","doi":"10.26565/2220-7929-2022-61-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2220-7929-2022-61-05","url":null,"abstract":"The article explorers the activity of the joint-stock company «Ukrutilzbir», which during 1923 – the 1930s was one of the largest waste collectors in the Ukrainian SSR and during period under study successfully competed with such state agencies as Gostorg, Rusavstorg, Rudmetaltorg, Ukrbumtrest, etc. This topic has not been studied in domestic and foreign historiography. The article is based on the analysis of archival materials, which were at first put into scientific circulation. It has been shown that the emergence of the non-state actor was stimulated by the growing demand of industrial enterprises, which in the 1920s have experienced resource hunger in raw materials as well as the large capacity of the Ukrainian waste market. It was found that the first charitable motives of the company’s establishment were soon changed by the commercial interest in waste collection and recycling, but this did not diminish the importance of its activities for the development of waste management policies in the 1920s. The article reveals the main activities of the company (collection and sale of paper, scrap of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, rags, bones, rubber, and glass), its achievements, and problems. It was concluded that «Ukrutilzbir» has managed to build relevant infrastructure as well as an effective network, attracting to cooperation a wide range of both state and non-state actors, consumer cooperation societies, private waste collectors. It has not only taken up a significant share of the waste-collection market, influencing its formation but has also contributed to the development of standards of their utilization and recycling (collection, sorting, storage, and transportation) and preparing the skilled workers. However, with the establishment of the socialist economic system, the organization found itself in a situation of unequal competition with state actors, which had different preferences and access to financial resources. This led to its exclusion from the market and closure.","PeriodicalId":33522,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogo universitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Ekonomika","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85885405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.26565/2220-7929-2022-61-10
Oleksandr Kaplin, G. Goncharov
The article is concerned with the consideration, perception and interpretation by first-wave Russian émigrés (in the 1920s) of Slavophilism as well as ‘classical’ and ‘true’ Slavophiles and their heritage. This study is aimed at providing an insight in the historical conditions in which Russian émigrés found themselves, namely the philosophical, historical and political views of those who wrote about Slavophiles as well as the reasons Slavophiles’ heritage attracted their interest. The article uses a method first and foremost requiring that detailed consideration be given to the spiritual and religious perspectives from which Slavophiles were viewed. The relationship between Slavophilism and Eurasianism has been established. Particular attention has been paid to Slavophiles’ works published in Russian and foreign languages in European countries. Also analyzed is the chronology of publications on Slavophiles produced by Russian émigrés, including chronological peaks predominantly associated with anniversary dates. The authors have determined the major areas of activities carried out by Russian émigrés to familiarize the audiences in the host countries with Russian Orthodoxy and Slavophiles as non-clerical Russian Orthodox thinkers, and have revealed the reasons behind the interest in Slavophiles’ heritage. The authors have come to the conclusion that first-wave Russian émigrés in the 1920s continued the traditions of the 19th century and the early 20th century in almost every respect. As before, the spiritual and political views of the writers played a significant role in the study of Slavophilism. At the same time, under the influence of the tragic events of the civil war and the new situation in Europe and across the globe, the connection between works in emigration and pre-revolutionary studies led to the emergence of some new perspectives in emigration that revised the previous understanding of Slavophilism. When these publications are compared with the Soviet historiography of Slavophilism of the 1920s, the latter appears to be of no scientific interest.
{"title":"‘Classical’, ‘True’ Slavophiles and Slavophilism as Depicted, Interpreted and Perceived in Works by Russian Émigrés (In the 1920s)","authors":"Oleksandr Kaplin, G. Goncharov","doi":"10.26565/2220-7929-2022-61-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2220-7929-2022-61-10","url":null,"abstract":"The article is concerned with the consideration, perception and interpretation by first-wave Russian émigrés (in the 1920s) of Slavophilism as well as ‘classical’ and ‘true’ Slavophiles and their heritage. This study is aimed at providing an insight in the historical conditions in which Russian émigrés found themselves, namely the philosophical, historical and political views of those who wrote about Slavophiles as well as the reasons Slavophiles’ heritage attracted their interest. The article uses a method first and foremost requiring that detailed consideration be given to the spiritual and religious perspectives from which Slavophiles were viewed. The relationship between Slavophilism and Eurasianism has been established. Particular attention has been paid to Slavophiles’ works published in Russian and foreign languages in European countries. Also analyzed is the chronology of publications on Slavophiles produced by Russian émigrés, including chronological peaks predominantly associated with anniversary dates. The authors have determined the major areas of activities carried out by Russian émigrés to familiarize the audiences in the host countries with Russian Orthodoxy and Slavophiles as non-clerical Russian Orthodox thinkers, and have revealed the reasons behind the interest in Slavophiles’ heritage. The authors have come to the conclusion that first-wave Russian émigrés in the 1920s continued the traditions of the 19th century and the early 20th century in almost every respect. As before, the spiritual and political views of the writers played a significant role in the study of Slavophilism. At the same time, under the influence of the tragic events of the civil war and the new situation in Europe and across the globe, the connection between works in emigration and pre-revolutionary studies led to the emergence of some new perspectives in emigration that revised the previous understanding of Slavophilism. When these publications are compared with the Soviet historiography of Slavophilism of the 1920s, the latter appears to be of no scientific interest.","PeriodicalId":33522,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogo universitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Ekonomika","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84556678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.26565/2220-7929-2022-61-01
S. Posokhov
The book entitled “Exploring the Face of the City: Self-Representation Practices of Ukrainian Cities in the Industrial and Post-Industrial Age” (Kharkiv, 2021) was published at the end of 2021. It is devoted to the study of some theoretical and practical issues of urbanism. The main focus is on the symbolic spaces and cultural landscapes of five large cities of Eastern and Southern Ukraine — Dnipro, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, Odesa, and Kharkiv. The authors of the book are participants of the scientific project “CityFace: Practices of self-representation of multinational cities in the industrial and post-industrial age” (https://cityface.org.ua/), which was supported by the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. They consider these cities as centers of socio-cultural interaction and various innovations, as dynamic systems that are constantly changing, searching for their own relevant “face.” The central place in the book belongs to the study of the practices of self-representation of cities (the use of symbols and emblems, the formation of a pantheon of local heroes, the celebration of “significant” events, etc.), as well as options for articulating certain achievements, features of the city and its citizens, that is, ideas that are able to rally the urban community around certain ideological constructions (self-stereotypes). In this regard, the authors were interested in places of collective memory, commemorative and ritual practices, the process of symbolic coding and recoding of urban space. This approach allows us to get closer to understanding the specifics of micro-regional identities, which is considered a very relevant scientific task today. The publication is intended for everyone who is interested in the history and current state of socio-cultural processes in Ukraine. In this case, the introduction to this book is published, which has been translated into English, with the hope that this text will attract additional attention of readers to the book.
{"title":"Exploring the Face of the City","authors":"S. Posokhov","doi":"10.26565/2220-7929-2022-61-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2220-7929-2022-61-01","url":null,"abstract":"The book entitled “Exploring the Face of the City: Self-Representation Practices of Ukrainian Cities in the Industrial and Post-Industrial Age” (Kharkiv, 2021) was published at the end of 2021. It is devoted to the study of some theoretical and practical issues of urbanism. The main focus is on the symbolic spaces and cultural landscapes of five large cities of Eastern and Southern Ukraine — Dnipro, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, Odesa, and Kharkiv. The authors of the book are participants of the scientific project “CityFace: Practices of self-representation of multinational cities in the industrial and post-industrial age” (https://cityface.org.ua/), which was supported by the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. They consider these cities as centers of socio-cultural interaction and various innovations, as dynamic systems that are constantly changing, searching for their own relevant “face.” The central place in the book belongs to the study of the practices of self-representation of cities (the use of symbols and emblems, the formation of a pantheon of local heroes, the celebration of “significant” events, etc.), as well as options for articulating certain achievements, features of the city and its citizens, that is, ideas that are able to rally the urban community around certain ideological constructions (self-stereotypes). In this regard, the authors were interested in places of collective memory, commemorative and ritual practices, the process of symbolic coding and recoding of urban space. This approach allows us to get closer to understanding the specifics of micro-regional identities, which is considered a very relevant scientific task today. The publication is intended for everyone who is interested in the history and current state of socio-cultural processes in Ukraine. In this case, the introduction to this book is published, which has been translated into English, with the hope that this text will attract additional attention of readers to the book.","PeriodicalId":33522,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogo universitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Ekonomika","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86950910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.26565/2220-7929-2022-61-08
A. Zelinskyi
In the article, I focused on the fragmentary cuneiform evidence of the Babylonian astronomical diaries from 250/249 BC. It shows how someone unknown had gathered his troops and chariots and departed from Antioch. This evidence contains 4 interrelated questions: 1) Who had gathered the troops? 2) When did it happen? 3) Where were the troops gathering? 4) What was the purpose of the campaign? By now communis opinio was formed as answers to 3 questions: 1) The troops were gathered by the Seleucid king Antiochus II; 2) the event took place between mid-April and mid-July 250 BC; 3) the place of the gathering was Antioch on the Orontes. To this I can add that the stay of Antiochus II in Antioch is indirectly indicated by the agreement between this king and the Cretan polis Lyttus from April 250 BC. Also, this agreement may testify for Antiochus’ short-term interest in the situation in Cyrenaica after the death of its king Magas. Initially, such interest could be caused the gathering of the troops in Antioch too. At the present stage, there are 3 hypotheses regarding the purpose of the royal campaign: 1) the implementation of the European expansion; 2) the assistance Ziaelas – a contender for the Bithynian throne; 3) the pacification of eastern Seleucid regions. An objection to the first two hypotheses is the logistical inexpediency of the summoning troops from Antioch to Northern coast of Asia Minor. Also, the evidence of majority of sources is against the dating of the European expedition of Antiochus to 250 BC; and a military help to Ziaelas did not require a personal participation of the powerful Seleucid. Most likely, the purpose of Antiochus' campaign was to counteract the centrifugal processes that were beginning in the Seleucid Bactria. At least, there are no chronological and logistical objections to this hypothesis.
{"title":"Possible Purpose of the Summoning of the Troops to Antioch on the Orontes in 250 BC","authors":"A. Zelinskyi","doi":"10.26565/2220-7929-2022-61-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2220-7929-2022-61-08","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, I focused on the fragmentary cuneiform evidence of the Babylonian astronomical diaries from 250/249 BC. It shows how someone unknown had gathered his troops and chariots and departed from Antioch. This evidence contains 4 interrelated questions: 1) Who had gathered the troops? 2) When did it happen? 3) Where were the troops gathering? 4) What was the purpose of the campaign? By now communis opinio was formed as answers to 3 questions: 1) The troops were gathered by the Seleucid king Antiochus II; 2) the event took place between mid-April and mid-July 250 BC; 3) the place of the gathering was Antioch on the Orontes. To this I can add that the stay of Antiochus II in Antioch is indirectly indicated by the agreement between this king and the Cretan polis Lyttus from April 250 BC. Also, this agreement may testify for Antiochus’ short-term interest in the situation in Cyrenaica after the death of its king Magas. Initially, such interest could be caused the gathering of the troops in Antioch too. At the present stage, there are 3 hypotheses regarding the purpose of the royal campaign: 1) the implementation of the European expansion; 2) the assistance Ziaelas – a contender for the Bithynian throne; 3) the pacification of eastern Seleucid regions. An objection to the first two hypotheses is the logistical inexpediency of the summoning troops from Antioch to Northern coast of Asia Minor. Also, the evidence of majority of sources is against the dating of the European expedition of Antiochus to 250 BC; and a military help to Ziaelas did not require a personal participation of the powerful Seleucid. Most likely, the purpose of Antiochus' campaign was to counteract the centrifugal processes that were beginning in the Seleucid Bactria. At least, there are no chronological and logistical objections to this hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":33522,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogo universitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Ekonomika","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84940963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.26565/2220-7929-2022-61-11
V. Kulikov, Iryna Skubii
The article aims to analyse recent trends in economic and business history from 2016 to 2020 and identify the factors determining the impact of the research articles. The authors analysed the ten most cited articles published in prestigious international peer-reviewed journals on economic and business history. They summarize the content of every article and explain its contribution to the field. The article defines efficient theoretical instruments for studies in the field of economic and business history. The observations can be useful to researchers concerned about the impact of their publications and those interested in the dynamics of the field. The synthesis of the observations revealed the following most important factors determining the impact of research articles. The proposal of a new theory or concept certainly raises the interest of the academic community. A new representative empirical material is crucial to increase the level of citations in the field of economic history. Alternatively, a good strategy is to present a new efficient method for the analysis of existing datasets. Explicit explanation of how the new data and methods specify conventional perceptions about historical events and processes increases the popularity of publications. An effective way to raise the interest of the readers is to look at the deviations from the “norms” – historical anomalies and paradoxes. A critical synthetic review of the literature on a topic or a problem is usually appreciated by the community of economic historians, but it is especially popular in journals on business history. The final part of the article offers observations on the disciplinary and national diversity of author teams. It concludes that such diversity results in the multidisciplinary character of the studies and increases their value for the sister disciplines.
{"title":"Recent Trends in Economic and Business History: The Analysis of the Most Impactful Articles Published from 2016 to 2020","authors":"V. Kulikov, Iryna Skubii","doi":"10.26565/2220-7929-2022-61-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2220-7929-2022-61-11","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to analyse recent trends in economic and business history from 2016 to 2020 and identify the factors determining the impact of the research articles. The authors analysed the ten most cited articles published in prestigious international peer-reviewed journals on economic and business history. They summarize the content of every article and explain its contribution to the field. The article defines efficient theoretical instruments for studies in the field of economic and business history. The observations can be useful to researchers concerned about the impact of their publications and those interested in the dynamics of the field. The synthesis of the observations revealed the following most important factors determining the impact of research articles. The proposal of a new theory or concept certainly raises the interest of the academic community. A new representative empirical material is crucial to increase the level of citations in the field of economic history. Alternatively, a good strategy is to present a new efficient method for the analysis of existing datasets. Explicit explanation of how the new data and methods specify conventional perceptions about historical events and processes increases the popularity of publications. An effective way to raise the interest of the readers is to look at the deviations from the “norms” – historical anomalies and paradoxes. A critical synthetic review of the literature on a topic or a problem is usually appreciated by the community of economic historians, but it is especially popular in journals on business history. The final part of the article offers observations on the disciplinary and national diversity of author teams. It concludes that such diversity results in the multidisciplinary character of the studies and increases their value for the sister disciplines.","PeriodicalId":33522,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogo universitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Ekonomika","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84250827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-26DOI: 10.26565/2221-5646-2022-95-04
A. Goncharuk
We consider a linear nonhomogeneous $m$-th order differential equation in a ring of formal power series with coefficients from some field of characteristic zero. This equation has infinite many solutions in this ring -- one for each initial condition of the corresponding Cauchy problem. These solutions can be found using classical methods of differential equation theory. Let us suppose the coefficients of the equation and the coefficients of nonhomogeneity belong to some integral domain $K$. We are looking for a solution in the form of a formal power series with coefficients from this integral domain. The methods of classical theory do not allow us to find out whether there exists an initial condition that corresponds to the solution of the coefficients from $K$ and do not allow find this initial condition. To solve this problem, we use the method proposed by U. Broggi. This method allows to find a formal solution of the linear nonhomogeneous differential equation in the form of some special series. In previous articles, sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a solution were found for a certain class of rings $K$ with a non-Archimedean valuation. If these conditions hold, the formal power series obtained using the Broggi’s method is considered. Its coefficients are the sums of series that converge in the non-Archimedean topology considered. It is shown that this series is the solution from $K[[x]]$ of our equation. Note that this equation over a ring of formal power series can be considered as an infinite linear system of equations with respect to the coefficients of unknown formal power series. In this article it is proved that this system can be solved by some analogue of Cramer's method, in which the determinants of infinite matrices are found as limits of some finite determinants in the non-Archimedean topology.
{"title":"Cramer's rule for implicit linear differential equations over a non-Archimedean ring","authors":"A. Goncharuk","doi":"10.26565/2221-5646-2022-95-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2221-5646-2022-95-04","url":null,"abstract":"We consider a linear nonhomogeneous $m$-th order differential equation in a ring of formal power series with coefficients from some field of characteristic zero.\u0000This equation has infinite many solutions in this ring -- one for each initial condition of the corresponding Cauchy problem. These solutions can be found using classical methods of differential equation theory.\u0000\u0000Let us suppose the coefficients of the equation and the coefficients of nonhomogeneity belong to some integral domain $K$. We are looking for a solution in the form of a formal power series with coefficients from this integral domain. The methods of classical theory do not allow us to find out whether there exists an initial condition that corresponds to the solution of the coefficients from $K$ and do not allow find this initial condition.\u0000\u0000To solve this problem, we use the method proposed by U. Broggi. This method allows to find a formal solution of the linear nonhomogeneous differential equation in the form of some special series.\u0000\u0000In previous articles, sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a solution were found for a certain class of rings $K$ with a non-Archimedean valuation. If these conditions hold, the formal power series obtained using the Broggi’s method is considered. Its coefficients are the sums of series that converge in the non-Archimedean topology considered. It is shown that this series is the solution from $K[[x]]$ of our equation.\u0000\u0000Note that this equation over a ring of formal power series can be considered as an infinite linear system of equations with respect to the coefficients of unknown formal power series.\u0000In this article it is proved that this system can be solved by some analogue of Cramer's method, in which the determinants of infinite matrices are found as limits of some finite determinants in the non-Archimedean topology.","PeriodicalId":33522,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogo universitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Ekonomika","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88954534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-18DOI: 10.26565/2221-5646-2022-95-03
O. Makarov, I. Nikolenko
This paper deals with a two-point boundary value problem for pseudodifferential equations and for systems of second order pseudodifferential equations under boundary conditions containing pseudodifferential operators. The need to consider pseudodifferential operators is caused by two reasons, first, such equations appear more and more often in applied problems, and second, by considering such equations, it is possible to achieve the well-posedness of the boundary value problem in the Schwartz space S and in its dual space.First, we consider a scalar pseudodifferential equation with a symbol belonging to the space $C_{-infty}^{infty}$, consists of infinitely differentiable functions of polinomial growth. For this equation it is found of the boundary condition under which a specific type the boundary value problem is well-posed in the space S. In addition, an example of a differential-difference equation and a specific boundary condition with a convolution-type pseudo-differential operator under which this boundary value problem is well-posed in the space S are given.Then we consider a system of two pseudodifferential equations with symbols from the space $C _ {-infty} ^ {infty}$. For this system, we prove the existence of a well posed boundary value problem in the space S. The Fourier transform and the reduction of the system to a triangular form are used in the proof. In this case, we also give an example of a system and a specific boundary condition under which this boundary value problem is correct in the space S.Thus, the work proves that for any pseudo-differential equation, as well as for a system of two pseudo-differential equations, there is always a correct boundary value problem in the $S$ space, while the boundary conditions contain pseudo-differential operators. The algorithm for constructing correct boundary conditions is also indicated. They are pseudo-differential operators whose symbols depend on the symbols of pseudo-differential equations.
{"title":"Two-point boundary value problem for systems of pseudo-differential equations under boundary conditions containing pseudo-differential operators","authors":"O. Makarov, I. Nikolenko","doi":"10.26565/2221-5646-2022-95-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2221-5646-2022-95-03","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with a two-point boundary value problem for pseudodifferential equations and for systems of second order pseudodifferential equations under boundary conditions containing pseudodifferential operators. The need to consider pseudodifferential operators is caused by two reasons, first, such equations appear more and more often in applied problems, and second, by considering such equations, it is possible to achieve the well-posedness of the boundary value problem in the Schwartz space S and in its dual space.First, we consider a scalar pseudodifferential equation with a symbol belonging to the space $C_{-infty}^{infty}$, consists of infinitely differentiable functions of polinomial growth. For this equation it is found of the boundary condition under which a specific type the boundary value problem is well-posed in the space S. In addition, an example of a differential-difference equation and a specific boundary condition with a convolution-type pseudo-differential operator under which this boundary value problem is well-posed in the space S are given.Then we consider a system of two pseudodifferential equations with symbols from the space $C _ {-infty} ^ {infty}$. For this system, we prove the existence of a well posed boundary value problem in the space S. The Fourier transform and the reduction of the system to a triangular form are used in the proof. In this case, we also give an example of a system and a specific boundary condition under which this boundary value problem is correct in the space S.Thus, the work proves that for any pseudo-differential equation, as well as for a system of two pseudo-differential equations, there is always a correct boundary value problem in the $S$ space, while the boundary conditions contain pseudo-differential operators. The algorithm for constructing correct boundary conditions is also indicated. They are pseudo-differential operators whose symbols depend on the symbols of pseudo-differential equations.","PeriodicalId":33522,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogo universitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Ekonomika","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78556593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.26565/2226-0994-2021-65-7
Ihor Minakov
At first, one "naked and lonely" fact: nobody saw that philosophy was over. So, at least by induction, we can argue that philosophy never ends. This is regardless of the fact that throughout the history of philosophy, it is accompanied by announcements of the final conclusion, of the end, of philosophy death. From this point of view, Ludwig Wittgenstein does not seem to me to be a figure of the "past," a figure of the archive ― a figure of historical reconstruction. Moreover, the figure of "internal" conceptual deconstruction ― of an influential and respectful way/means of philosophical work ― analytical philosophy. Just the opposite. Ludwig Wittgenstein seems to be a figure of the future of philosophy, a figure of her pure authentic movement. Symbolic figure, but also, actual figure ― a figure of "never-not-complete" philosophy. A figure who signs not a word, spoken in philosophy. But which signs the point of “potential field voltage” of implementation philosophical displaying ― of not indicating things, but of registering traces of truth in individual states, to the limit brought... It is important to understand that this article is not about the philosophical tradition of analytical philosophy. And not about the philosopher himself, about the philosophy of L. Wittgenstein ― in terms of chronology, doxography, the "history of ideas" or theoretical reconstruction in the context ― one or another ― of the "philosophical present", or even, not about "universal with a signature." In this article, in fact, an attempt is opened to show, that analytical philosophy, as a definite way of acting to realize the event of thinking ― all analytical philosophy, as an attempt, as a beginning, as a movement, as a matter, as an activity, ― is phenomenal "natura naturans." It is such as a "topos of reproduction of thinking" in a purely ontological sense. In exchange with it (topos), in fact, Ludwig Wittgenstein, also, unique and one and only here, again, in a completely ontological sense, "demonstrates," that is, it is the actual, "living," perhaps irreplaceable "key" to the problem of limb, access, philosophical content and act. Perhaps having access is it correctly to put an access problem? Therefore, speaking with the help of Maître himself, philosophy is a work and luck to choose the right examples.
{"title":"BACK TO THE FUTURE: FROM ANALYTICAL PHILOSOPHY TO WITTGENSTEIN ABSTRACT","authors":"Ihor Minakov","doi":"10.26565/2226-0994-2021-65-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2226-0994-2021-65-7","url":null,"abstract":"At first, one \"naked and lonely\" fact: nobody saw that philosophy was over. So, at least by induction, we can argue that philosophy never ends. This is regardless of the fact that throughout the history of philosophy, it is accompanied by announcements of the final conclusion, of the end, of philosophy death. From this point of view, Ludwig Wittgenstein does not seem to me to be a figure of the \"past,\" a figure of the archive ― a figure of historical reconstruction. Moreover, the figure of \"internal\" conceptual deconstruction ― of an influential and respectful way/means of philosophical work ― analytical philosophy. Just the opposite. Ludwig Wittgenstein seems to be a figure of the future of philosophy, a figure of her pure authentic movement. Symbolic figure, but also, actual figure ― a figure of \"never-not-complete\" philosophy. A figure who signs not a word, spoken in philosophy. But which signs the point of “potential field voltage” of implementation philosophical displaying ― of not indicating things, but of registering traces of truth in individual states, to the limit brought... It is important to understand that this article is not about the philosophical tradition of analytical philosophy. And not about the philosopher himself, about the philosophy of L. Wittgenstein ― in terms of chronology, doxography, the \"history of ideas\" or theoretical reconstruction in the context ― one or another ― of the \"philosophical present\", or even, not about \"universal with a signature.\" In this article, in fact, an attempt is opened to show, that analytical philosophy, as a definite way of acting to realize the event of thinking ― all analytical philosophy, as an attempt, as a beginning, as a movement, as a matter, as an activity, ― is phenomenal \"natura naturans.\" It is such as a \"topos of reproduction of thinking\" in a purely ontological sense. In exchange with it (topos), in fact, Ludwig Wittgenstein, also, unique and one and only here, again, in a completely ontological sense, \"demonstrates,\" that is, it is the actual, \"living,\" perhaps irreplaceable \"key\" to the problem of limb, access, philosophical content and act. Perhaps having access is it correctly to put an access problem? Therefore, speaking with the help of Maître himself, philosophy is a work and luck to choose the right examples.","PeriodicalId":33522,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogo universitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Ekonomika","volume":"133 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83447219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.26565/2226-0994-2021-65-4
V. Koval
The article defines the formation of images of the leader through political advertising, analyzes the concepts of "communication", "leader", "social demand", "political advertising", explores the role of social demand for leaders, information factors in the formation of images of the leader. The peculiarities of the formation of the image of a leader in advertising, in particular political, in the process of communicative activity, the essence of the concept of leadership, and ways of its formation are highlighted. The principle of the emergence of a social demand for leadership, the preconditions and consequences of the actions of political advertising in society are studied. Taking into account the qualitative characteristics of society, the attitude of the public to social change, to the leadership of individuals, ways of interacting with each other is determined. The relevance of the article is determined by modern realities in terms of active informatization, politics, socialization and "digitalization" of society in a democracy. The interdependence of society and government, the principles of public formation of politicians, and the effectiveness of their existence in the communicative space, the role of image strategies, political advertising technologies, tasks, components and features of political advertising, other factors influencing the formation of political leader. Understanding political and social advertising in the context of communicative activities provides an understanding of modern social communication processes. Due to social processes, they become more and more complex every year, as new tools of advertising influence and new barriers to the trust of the target audience appear. In particular, voters have their own habits of determining sympathy for certain parties or political leaders, which are difficult to change. However, the rational formation of images of elites makes it possible to form the right messages for society. The problem is that the effectiveness of methods of forming the image of a leader depends on the chosen strategy and characteristics of certain parts of society. Studies of the peculiarities of society, their characteristics and social demands allow you to effectively manage the process of becoming a leader. Given the changing social dynamics of society, in the article we also showed that some leaders no longer meet modern requirements, and then they are replaced by others. The article analyzes the system of counteractions, as a result of which the social dynamics of change of leaders in society is possible.
{"title":"THE ROLE OF POLITICAL ADVERTISING IN COMMUNICATIVE ACTIVITIES AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF IMAGES OF THE LEADER","authors":"V. Koval","doi":"10.26565/2226-0994-2021-65-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2226-0994-2021-65-4","url":null,"abstract":"The article defines the formation of images of the leader through political advertising, analyzes the concepts of \"communication\", \"leader\", \"social demand\", \"political advertising\", explores the role of social demand for leaders, information factors in the formation of images of the leader. The peculiarities of the formation of the image of a leader in advertising, in particular political, in the process of communicative activity, the essence of the concept of leadership, and ways of its formation are highlighted. The principle of the emergence of a social demand for leadership, the preconditions and consequences of the actions of political advertising in society are studied. Taking into account the qualitative characteristics of society, the attitude of the public to social change, to the leadership of individuals, ways of interacting with each other is determined.\u0000\u0000The relevance of the article is determined by modern realities in terms of active informatization, politics, socialization and \"digitalization\" of society in a democracy. The interdependence of society and government, the principles of public formation of politicians, and the effectiveness of their existence in the communicative space, the role of image strategies, political advertising technologies, tasks, components and features of political advertising, other factors influencing the formation of political leader.\u0000\u0000Understanding political and social advertising in the context of communicative activities provides an understanding of modern social communication processes. Due to social processes, they become more and more complex every year, as new tools of advertising influence and new barriers to the trust of the target audience appear. In particular, voters have their own habits of determining sympathy for certain parties or political leaders, which are difficult to change. However, the rational formation of images of elites makes it possible to form the right messages for society.\u0000\u0000The problem is that the effectiveness of methods of forming the image of a leader depends on the chosen strategy and characteristics of certain parts of society. Studies of the peculiarities of society, their characteristics and social demands allow you to effectively manage the process of becoming a leader. Given the changing social dynamics of society, in the article we also showed that some leaders no longer meet modern requirements, and then they are replaced by others. The article analyzes the system of counteractions, as a result of which the social dynamics of change of leaders in society is possible.","PeriodicalId":33522,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogo universitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Ekonomika","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72801572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.26565/2226-0994-2021-65-8
Sofia Leonteva
The task of philosophy according to Adorno is comprehension of universality and normativity. In spite of conceptual thinking debunked in negative philosophy, Adorno remains devoted to modernity project. His original philosophical thinking adherent to modernity presents an interesting constellation of ethical ideas, concepts of moral philosophy, around which a certain model of practical rationality can be constructed. The purpose of this article is the construction of practical philosophy of Adorno. Ideas of his essays on morality are analyzed in the perspective of normativity foundations of critical theory from the first generation of Frankfurt School to discourse ethics and contemporary critical philosophy. The author outlines the divergence between Adorno’s philosophy and discourse ethics in the matter of justification of normativity implemented in formal procedure of communication. Following Kant’s foundation of morality Adorno provides a richer account of controversies which are subject of contemporary critical theory. Adorno’s thinking elucidates the ambiguity of universality in the concept of “inner dialectic of morality”. He rejects the abstract morality and reveals its repressive features. Instead he puts the concept of humanity in the center of his examination. Morality defined as law and equality, justified by procedure of reasoning appears abstract. In contrast Adorno draws attention to moral impulse which invokes moral deed. Dialectic of morality unfolds in the opposition of impulse, solidarity, affection towards others on the one hand, and autonomy and equality underlying external side of moral law – on the other. Thus individuality modus is the source of morality while abstract formalism of universalism is avoided on the basis of reflection of morality with ethical virtues of critical thinking, humility and affection. Moral principles stand for theoretical aspect and justification of normativity, impulsion concerns application of morality. Thus the problem of contradiction of universalism and contextualism is elucidated through reconciliation of right as moral law and ethical good.
{"title":"MORAL PHILOSOPHY OF T. ADORNO: FROM CRITICAL THEORY TO MODERN PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY","authors":"Sofia Leonteva","doi":"10.26565/2226-0994-2021-65-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2226-0994-2021-65-8","url":null,"abstract":"The task of philosophy according to Adorno is comprehension of universality and normativity. In spite of conceptual thinking debunked in negative philosophy, Adorno remains devoted to modernity project. His original philosophical thinking adherent to modernity presents an interesting constellation of ethical ideas, concepts of moral philosophy, around which a certain model of practical rationality can be constructed. The purpose of this article is the construction of practical philosophy of Adorno. Ideas of his essays on morality are analyzed in the perspective of normativity foundations of critical theory from the first generation of Frankfurt School to discourse ethics and contemporary critical philosophy. The author outlines the divergence between Adorno’s philosophy and discourse ethics in the matter of justification of normativity implemented in formal procedure of communication. Following Kant’s foundation of morality Adorno provides a richer account of controversies which are subject of contemporary critical theory. Adorno’s thinking elucidates the ambiguity of universality in the concept of “inner dialectic of morality”. He rejects the abstract morality and reveals its repressive features. Instead he puts the concept of humanity in the center of his examination. Morality defined as law and equality, justified by procedure of reasoning appears abstract. In contrast Adorno draws attention to moral impulse which invokes moral deed. Dialectic of morality unfolds in the opposition of impulse, solidarity, affection towards others on the one hand, and autonomy and equality underlying external side of moral law – on the other. Thus individuality modus is the source of morality while abstract formalism of universalism is avoided on the basis of reflection of morality with ethical virtues of critical thinking, humility and affection. Moral principles stand for theoretical aspect and justification of normativity, impulsion concerns application of morality. Thus the problem of contradiction of universalism and contextualism is elucidated through reconciliation of right as moral law and ethical good.","PeriodicalId":33522,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogo universitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Ekonomika","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74509053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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