Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538886
K. Zong
In this paper, we consider the problem of dynamic multi-channel access in the heterogeneous wireless networks, where multiple independent channels are shared by multiple nodes which have different types. The objective is to find a strategy to maximize the expected long-term probability of successful transmissions. The problem of dynamic multi-channel access can be formulated as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP). In order to deal with this problem, we apply the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach to provide a model-free access method, where the nodes don’t have a prior knowledge of the wireless networks or the ability to exchange messages with other nodes. Specially, we take advantage of the double deep Q-network (DDQN) with DenseNet to learn the wireless network environment and to select the optimal channel at the beginning of each time slot. We investigate the proposed DDQN approach in different environments for both the fixed-pattern scenarios and the time-varying scenarios. The experimental results show that the proposed DDQN with DenseNet can efficiently learn the pattern of channel switch and choose the near optimal action to avoid the collision for every slot. Besides, the proposed DDQN approach can also achieve satisfactory performance to adapt the time-varying scenarios.
{"title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Dynamic MultiChannel Access for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks with DenseNet","authors":"K. Zong","doi":"10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538886","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider the problem of dynamic multi-channel access in the heterogeneous wireless networks, where multiple independent channels are shared by multiple nodes which have different types. The objective is to find a strategy to maximize the expected long-term probability of successful transmissions. The problem of dynamic multi-channel access can be formulated as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP). In order to deal with this problem, we apply the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach to provide a model-free access method, where the nodes don’t have a prior knowledge of the wireless networks or the ability to exchange messages with other nodes. Specially, we take advantage of the double deep Q-network (DDQN) with DenseNet to learn the wireless network environment and to select the optimal channel at the beginning of each time slot. We investigate the proposed DDQN approach in different environments for both the fixed-pattern scenarios and the time-varying scenarios. The experimental results show that the proposed DDQN with DenseNet can efficiently learn the pattern of channel switch and choose the near optimal action to avoid the collision for every slot. Besides, the proposed DDQN approach can also achieve satisfactory performance to adapt the time-varying scenarios.","PeriodicalId":335240,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC Workshops)","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121719112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538888
Dong Wang, Ruiran Su, Shenhu Zhang
End-to-end slicing provides more opportunities for telecommunications in vertical industry. It is able to satisfy the different Service Level Agreement of vertical industry. However, a smarter and more flexible slicing management framework is required to support the deep application of vertical industry in beyond 5G networks. The slicing research and standardization of 3GPP and other SDOs has started to focus on smart slicing. A significant target of smart slicing is to satisfy the users’ intents and requirements. An intent-based network can recognize the users’ intent in real-time and then update the network slicing to guarantee the SLA. In this paper, an intent-based smart slicing framework is proposed to support the applications in vertical industry. It is able to recognize and guarantee the users’ intent by closed-loop management.
{"title":"An Intent-based Smart Slicing Framework for Vertical Industry in B5G Networks","authors":"Dong Wang, Ruiran Su, Shenhu Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538888","url":null,"abstract":"End-to-end slicing provides more opportunities for telecommunications in vertical industry. It is able to satisfy the different Service Level Agreement of vertical industry. However, a smarter and more flexible slicing management framework is required to support the deep application of vertical industry in beyond 5G networks. The slicing research and standardization of 3GPP and other SDOs has started to focus on smart slicing. A significant target of smart slicing is to satisfy the users’ intents and requirements. An intent-based network can recognize the users’ intent in real-time and then update the network slicing to guarantee the SLA. In this paper, an intent-based smart slicing framework is proposed to support the applications in vertical industry. It is able to recognize and guarantee the users’ intent by closed-loop management.","PeriodicalId":335240,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC Workshops)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133834772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538934
Hao Wang, Xiujun Zhang, Shidong Zhou
Massive sporadic access is a crucial scenario in the future wireless communications, where grant-free access is preferred for reducing signaling overhead and latency. To deal with much more active user devices, massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) is introduced to increase the system capacity. However, the length of pilot sequences has to be increased with more users and antennas to perform joint activity detection and channel estimation (JADCE), occupying more radio resource. Thus there is a trade-off in the pilot sequence length to maximize the system capacity, and other parameters such as the base station (BS) antenna number and the active rate of users also influence the optimization results. Therefore, it is necessary to explore how these parameters influence the capacity. Toward this end, this paper conducts simulations of a single-cell grant-free system with massive MIMO. It firstly shows that the capacity loss compared to granted access mainly comes from activity detection rather than channel estimation with non-orthogonal pilot sequences. Then the paper investigates the optimization of the pilot sequence length and the number of active users with different channel assumptions. A noteworthy result is that the capacity grows more slowly than the number of BS antennas does in the massive MIMO regime. Additionally, this paper proposes a modified approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm for the multi-antenna user situations, to maximize the system capacity by adjusting the number of user antennas.
{"title":"Analysis of System Capacity of Grant-free Access with Massive MIMO","authors":"Hao Wang, Xiujun Zhang, Shidong Zhou","doi":"10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538934","url":null,"abstract":"Massive sporadic access is a crucial scenario in the future wireless communications, where grant-free access is preferred for reducing signaling overhead and latency. To deal with much more active user devices, massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) is introduced to increase the system capacity. However, the length of pilot sequences has to be increased with more users and antennas to perform joint activity detection and channel estimation (JADCE), occupying more radio resource. Thus there is a trade-off in the pilot sequence length to maximize the system capacity, and other parameters such as the base station (BS) antenna number and the active rate of users also influence the optimization results. Therefore, it is necessary to explore how these parameters influence the capacity. Toward this end, this paper conducts simulations of a single-cell grant-free system with massive MIMO. It firstly shows that the capacity loss compared to granted access mainly comes from activity detection rather than channel estimation with non-orthogonal pilot sequences. Then the paper investigates the optimization of the pilot sequence length and the number of active users with different channel assumptions. A noteworthy result is that the capacity grows more slowly than the number of BS antennas does in the massive MIMO regime. Additionally, this paper proposes a modified approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm for the multi-antenna user situations, to maximize the system capacity by adjusting the number of user antennas.","PeriodicalId":335240,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC Workshops)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115847633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538880
Liang Qiao, Yun Li, Shanlin Sun, Biaohang Sun, Kai Tian, Zhitian Li, Xingyu Lu
There are two structures in formation control system for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV), such as centralized and distributed structures. Centralized cluster formation brings too much overhead to the master node, and the distributed cluster formation poses a huge challenge to collaborative communication. To address these problems, this paper proposes a hierarchical structure for AUV cluster formation task allocation strategy. The strategy deals with the local cluster information hierarchically, uses priority sampling to sample the hierarchical cluster information and stores it in the experience pool, and then uses the Actor-Critic dual network for evaluation to obtain the optimal strategy. The experimental simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper is consistent between the master and the slave, and the system improves the convergence speed with a smaller number of iterations.
{"title":"Research on Task Assignment Based on Hierarchical Structure for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle","authors":"Liang Qiao, Yun Li, Shanlin Sun, Biaohang Sun, Kai Tian, Zhitian Li, Xingyu Lu","doi":"10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538880","url":null,"abstract":"There are two structures in formation control system for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV), such as centralized and distributed structures. Centralized cluster formation brings too much overhead to the master node, and the distributed cluster formation poses a huge challenge to collaborative communication. To address these problems, this paper proposes a hierarchical structure for AUV cluster formation task allocation strategy. The strategy deals with the local cluster information hierarchically, uses priority sampling to sample the hierarchical cluster information and stores it in the experience pool, and then uses the Actor-Critic dual network for evaluation to obtain the optimal strategy. The experimental simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper is consistent between the master and the slave, and the system improves the convergence speed with a smaller number of iterations.","PeriodicalId":335240,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC Workshops)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131367340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) become increasingly important in various underwater applications, including the real time monitoring of ocean environments, persistent undersea surveillance and disaster prevention etc. UASNs with Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) as mobile nodes have the potential to execute many tasks flexibly, such as the ocean dynamic observation. However, the mobility of UASNs introduces many challenges to the design of network protocols, as well as the acoustic connectivity changes over time due to the ocean environments. Compared to static networks, the temporal networks can reach controllability faster, demand orders of magnitude less control energy, providing a new theory of environmental adaptation for UASNs. Based on the study of network connectivity and statistics from a real sea experiment, we analyzed the dynamic process on time evolution of the network structure. The topology controllability on underwater temporal network is briefly discussed for future studies.
{"title":"Time Evolution of Underwater Acoustic Temporal Networks","authors":"Wei Feng, Mingkai Li, Penghui Pei, Yayuan Zhang, Yuan-xin Xu, Jianlong Li, Wenham Xu","doi":"10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538922","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) become increasingly important in various underwater applications, including the real time monitoring of ocean environments, persistent undersea surveillance and disaster prevention etc. UASNs with Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) as mobile nodes have the potential to execute many tasks flexibly, such as the ocean dynamic observation. However, the mobility of UASNs introduces many challenges to the design of network protocols, as well as the acoustic connectivity changes over time due to the ocean environments. Compared to static networks, the temporal networks can reach controllability faster, demand orders of magnitude less control energy, providing a new theory of environmental adaptation for UASNs. Based on the study of network connectivity and statistics from a real sea experiment, we analyzed the dynamic process on time evolution of the network structure. The topology controllability on underwater temporal network is briefly discussed for future studies.","PeriodicalId":335240,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC Workshops)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125587721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538898
Xue Ding, Ting Jiang, Yi Zhong, Jianfei Yang, Yan Huang, Zhiwei Li
Wi-Fi-based device-free human activity recognition has attracted widespread attention for its remarkable application value ranging from the Internet of Things (IoT) to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Empowering the wireless communication system with the ability for not only communication but also smart sensing is rather fascinating, which is known as Integrated Sensing, Computation and Communication (ISCC). Although the existing attempts have made great achievements, the generalization performance of the methods and systems is still a challenging issue. In practical applications, human activity recognition is seriously affected by the location variations, which is one of the prominent problems to be solved urgently. Previous solutions rely on sufficient data at different locations, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming. To address this concern, in this paper, we present a location-independent human activity recognition system with limited data based on Wi-Fi named WiLISensing. Specifically, inspired by few-shot learning, we propose a prototypical network-based method for activity recognition, which transfer the model well across positions with very few data samples. To fully validate the feasibility of the presented approach, extensive experiments have been conducted in a real office environment with 24 locations. The experimental results demonstrate that our method can achieve promising accuracy.
{"title":"Device-free Location-independent Human Activity Recognition via Few-shot Learning","authors":"Xue Ding, Ting Jiang, Yi Zhong, Jianfei Yang, Yan Huang, Zhiwei Li","doi":"10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538898","url":null,"abstract":"Wi-Fi-based device-free human activity recognition has attracted widespread attention for its remarkable application value ranging from the Internet of Things (IoT) to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Empowering the wireless communication system with the ability for not only communication but also smart sensing is rather fascinating, which is known as Integrated Sensing, Computation and Communication (ISCC). Although the existing attempts have made great achievements, the generalization performance of the methods and systems is still a challenging issue. In practical applications, human activity recognition is seriously affected by the location variations, which is one of the prominent problems to be solved urgently. Previous solutions rely on sufficient data at different locations, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming. To address this concern, in this paper, we present a location-independent human activity recognition system with limited data based on Wi-Fi named WiLISensing. Specifically, inspired by few-shot learning, we propose a prototypical network-based method for activity recognition, which transfer the model well across positions with very few data samples. To fully validate the feasibility of the presented approach, extensive experiments have been conducted in a real office environment with 24 locations. The experimental results demonstrate that our method can achieve promising accuracy.","PeriodicalId":335240,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC Workshops)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115510573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is now envisioned as a promising strategy to enhance the performance of the traditional device-to-device (D2D) communication system. In this paper, taking the relay strategy into consideration, we propose a new mode selection scheme between three communication modes, including amplify-and-forward (AF) relay-assisted D2D communication mode, decode-and-forward (DF) relay-assisted D2D communication mode and RIS-assisted D2D communication mode, which always selects the mode with maximum achievable rate. The switching thresholds between three modes or any two modes are presented by closed-form expressions. The simulation result verifies the accuracy of the selection scheme and illustrates higher achievable rate performance under the proposed scheme.
{"title":"Transmission mode switching for relay/RIS assisted device-to-device communication networks","authors":"Yaxuan Liu, Haitao Zhao, Yiyang Ni, Hui Zhang, Fan Yang, Hongbo Zhu","doi":"10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538863","url":null,"abstract":"Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is now envisioned as a promising strategy to enhance the performance of the traditional device-to-device (D2D) communication system. In this paper, taking the relay strategy into consideration, we propose a new mode selection scheme between three communication modes, including amplify-and-forward (AF) relay-assisted D2D communication mode, decode-and-forward (DF) relay-assisted D2D communication mode and RIS-assisted D2D communication mode, which always selects the mode with maximum achievable rate. The switching thresholds between three modes or any two modes are presented by closed-form expressions. The simulation result verifies the accuracy of the selection scheme and illustrates higher achievable rate performance under the proposed scheme.","PeriodicalId":335240,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC Workshops)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129760856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538930
Youcheng Wang, Jun Tao, Lu Ma, M. Jiang, Wenxuan Chen
Timing and frequency synchronization is critical to the performance of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) underwater acoustic (UWA) communications. In this paper, we propose a joint estimation scheme for fine timing, Doppler scaling factor, and residual doppler or carrier frequency offset (CFO), based on pilot symbols. The estimation problem boils down to an optimization problem over a three-dimension space. As the cost function has no closed form and a brutal search method demands prohibitively-high complexity, an iterative procedure is proposed to find the solution at a reasonable complexity. The joint estimation is performed in a block-by-block fashion and to further save computation, estimation results from a previous block can be used as initializations of the current block. At-sea experimental data collected in the SPACE08 UWA communication experiment was used to verify the performance of the proposed method. Attributed to the joint synchronization, decent detection performance was achieved for data with relative transceiver motion.
{"title":"Joint timing and frequency synchronization for OFDM underwater acoustic communications","authors":"Youcheng Wang, Jun Tao, Lu Ma, M. Jiang, Wenxuan Chen","doi":"10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538930","url":null,"abstract":"Timing and frequency synchronization is critical to the performance of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) underwater acoustic (UWA) communications. In this paper, we propose a joint estimation scheme for fine timing, Doppler scaling factor, and residual doppler or carrier frequency offset (CFO), based on pilot symbols. The estimation problem boils down to an optimization problem over a three-dimension space. As the cost function has no closed form and a brutal search method demands prohibitively-high complexity, an iterative procedure is proposed to find the solution at a reasonable complexity. The joint estimation is performed in a block-by-block fashion and to further save computation, estimation results from a previous block can be used as initializations of the current block. At-sea experimental data collected in the SPACE08 UWA communication experiment was used to verify the performance of the proposed method. Attributed to the joint synchronization, decent detection performance was achieved for data with relative transceiver motion.","PeriodicalId":335240,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC Workshops)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127508838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538924
Y. Qi, Haoyu Deng, Mengmeng Liu, Zhenting Li
The requirements of seamless connection and extensive coverage, especially in rural and isolated areas have dramatically driven the development of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) in 5G New Radio (NR). However, NTN faces some unique challenges such as extremely long propagation delay due to the long distance between satellites and user terminals and the significant Doppler effect caused by the fast movement of satellites. The current 5G NR standards cannot cope with such challenges and thus need to be enhanced to integrate NTN with the terrestrial network of 5G NR. In this paper, we introduce the latest development of 5G standards for NTN including deployment scenarios and system architectures in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). We also investigate the enabling technologies in NTN air-interface design, such as time and frequency synchronization, Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), physical layer procedures, etc., to enhance 5G NR standards. Some evaluations results are provided as well.
{"title":"On the Standardization of Key Enabling Technologies in Non-Terrestrial Network Air-interface Design","authors":"Y. Qi, Haoyu Deng, Mengmeng Liu, Zhenting Li","doi":"10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538924","url":null,"abstract":"The requirements of seamless connection and extensive coverage, especially in rural and isolated areas have dramatically driven the development of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) in 5G New Radio (NR). However, NTN faces some unique challenges such as extremely long propagation delay due to the long distance between satellites and user terminals and the significant Doppler effect caused by the fast movement of satellites. The current 5G NR standards cannot cope with such challenges and thus need to be enhanced to integrate NTN with the terrestrial network of 5G NR. In this paper, we introduce the latest development of 5G standards for NTN including deployment scenarios and system architectures in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). We also investigate the enabling technologies in NTN air-interface design, such as time and frequency synchronization, Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), physical layer procedures, etc., to enhance 5G NR standards. Some evaluations results are provided as well.","PeriodicalId":335240,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC Workshops)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129993685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the capacity lower bound of single-input single-output (SISO) visible light communications (VLC) in next-generation system (6G). The overall noise is assumed to be additive white Gaussian, where its variance is partially dependent on the current input signal strength. The input signal is constrained by the peak and average power. Firstly, the entropy power inequality (EPI) lower bound and the input entropy lower bound are derived based on the maximum entropy distribution. Using this as a benchmark, a comparison is made between different distributions and bounds. Simulation results show that the maximum entropy distribution and EPI bound are not only suitable for high optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) situation, but also valid at low OSNR case. Finally, the impact of signal-dependent noise is analyzed under the normalized noise power case. Simulations show that the signal-dependent noise will have an obvious impact on capacity.
{"title":"Comparison of Signal Distributions and Capacity Bounds in VLC with Signal-Dependent Noise","authors":"Xiaoqian Wang, Liang Xia, Yifei Yuan, Guangyi Liu, Qixing Wang, Jing Jin","doi":"10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538862","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the capacity lower bound of single-input single-output (SISO) visible light communications (VLC) in next-generation system (6G). The overall noise is assumed to be additive white Gaussian, where its variance is partially dependent on the current input signal strength. The input signal is constrained by the peak and average power. Firstly, the entropy power inequality (EPI) lower bound and the input entropy lower bound are derived based on the maximum entropy distribution. Using this as a benchmark, a comparison is made between different distributions and bounds. Simulation results show that the maximum entropy distribution and EPI bound are not only suitable for high optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) situation, but also valid at low OSNR case. Finally, the impact of signal-dependent noise is analyzed under the normalized noise power case. Simulations show that the signal-dependent noise will have an obvious impact on capacity.","PeriodicalId":335240,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC Workshops)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130146372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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