Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research最新文献

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A Dialogue on the Demise of Collegiate Aviation Programs 关于大学航空课程消亡的对话

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.58940/2329-258x.1572

W. Foster, D. Smith

(Editor's Note) When I heard of the email correspondence between Dr. Foster and Professor Smith

(编者注)当我听到福斯特博士和史密斯教授之间的电子邮件通信时

引用次数: 0

How Safe is “Safe Enough?” “足够安全”有多安全?

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.58940/2329-258x.1574

C. Howell

引用次数: 0

Desirable Faculty Qualifications as Assessed by Students in the Aeronautical Science Program at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 由安柏瑞德航空大学航空科学课程学生评估的理想教师资格

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.58940/2329-258x.1562

J. Lewis, Donald E. Smith

Over 89% of the sophomore aerodynamics students (182 out of 207) at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University were surveyed during Spring Term 2003 to explore student preferences relative to instructor qualifications in the Aeronautical Science Program. The study was initiated because of the great difficulty that particular department, as in many aviation-focused universities, has had recruiting PhD credentialed faculty with significant professional or military flight experience. To perhaps aid in the hiring process, a tough question was asked: Do students prefer PhD level faculty with limited flight experience or Masters level faculty with significant professional or military flight experience? Results indicated that although students would like to see both PhD credentials and significant profession or military flight experience, when given a choice they prefer faculty with significant professional or military flight experience, even if the faculty member has only obtained a Master's degree. It is speculated that the reason might relate to the evidence that shows, "... students engaged in pursuing collegiate aviation programs are 'different' from traditional college students. Aviation students are not searching for a career; they have found one and are taking steps to realize their dreams. They approach learning as an adult." (Brady, Stolzer, Muller and Schaum, 2001). Aeronautical Science students from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University graduate with a Bachelor of Science degree in Aeronautical Science and a Commercial Pilot's license with multi-engine and instrument ratings. Most also have flight instructor credentials. It is said an Embry-Riddle graduate occupies one of four cockpit seats in the airline industry. These Aeronautical Science students arrive their freshman year focused and remain that way. They are much more conservative than students at traditional universities. They know what they want to do with then* lives and they appreciate the various courses that pertain to their professional future. It was concluded by (Brady, Stolzer, Muller and Schaum, 2001),"... students engaged in pursuing collegiate aviation programs are "different" from traditional college students. Aviation students are not searching for a career, they have found one and are taking steps to realize their dreams. They approach learning as an adult." We thought these students also might feel differently about the value of the academic credentials of their instructors compared to the value of the flight experience of their instructors. An opinion survey was conducted of 207 Aeronautical Science students in seven sections of a relatively technical Aerodynamics course. 182 students (87.9%) completed the survey. They are predominately sophomore year students. JAAER, Fall 2003 Page 9 1 Lewis and Smith: Desirable Faculty Qualifications as Assessed by Students in the A Published by Scholarly Commons, 2003

2003年春季学期，在安柏瑞德航空大学，超过89%的二年级空气动力学专业学生(207名学生中的182名)接受了一项调查，以探讨学生对航空科学专业教员资格的偏好。开展这项研究的原因是，与许多以航空为重点的大学一样，该系在招聘具有重要专业或军事飞行经验的博士学位教师方面遇到了很大困难。为了帮助招聘过程，一个棘手的问题被提了出来:学生们是更喜欢飞行经验有限的博士级别教师，还是拥有丰富专业或军事飞行经验的硕士级别教师?结果表明，尽管学生希望看到博士证书和重要的专业或军事飞行经验，但当给予选择时，他们更喜欢具有重要的专业或军事飞行经验的教师，即使教师仅获得硕士学位。据推测，原因可能与以下证据有关:“……攻读大学航空专业的学生与传统的大学生“不同”。航空专业的学生不是在寻找职业;他们已经找到了一个，并正在采取措施实现他们的梦想。他们像成年人一样对待学习。”(Brady, Stolzer, Muller and Schaum, 2001)。安柏瑞德航空大学航空科学专业的学生毕业后获得航空科学学士学位和商业飞行员执照，拥有多引擎和仪表评级。大多数人还拥有飞行教官证书。据说安柏瑞德大学的毕业生占据了航空业四个驾驶舱中的一个。这些航空科学专业的学生进入他们的大一，专注，并保持这种状态。他们比传统大学的学生保守得多。他们知道自己的人生想要做什么，他们欣赏与自己职业未来相关的各种课程。(Brady, Stolzer, Muller and Schaum, 2001)得出结论:“……从事大学航空专业学习的学生与传统的大学生“不同”。航空专业的学生不是在寻找职业，他们已经找到了，并且正在采取措施实现自己的梦想。他们像成年人一样对待学习。”我们认为，这些学生对教官学历的价值和飞行经验的价值的看法可能也有所不同。一项针对207名航空科学专业学生的意见调查是在一门相对技术性的空气动力学课程的七个部分进行的。182名学生(87.9%)完成调查。他们主要是大二的学生。1 Lewis和Smith:学生评估的理想教师资格，发表于学术共享，2003年

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引用次数: 1

Alternative Paradigms for Structuring Collegiate Flight Programs 构建大学飞行项目的备选范例

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.58940/2329-258x.1573

Rodney O Rogers

引用次数: 0

A Safer Sky: An Examination of Factors Affecting Flight Safety in Taiwan 更安全的天空:台湾飞行安全影响因素之研究

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.58940/2329-258x.1561

Ping I Lee

引用次数: 1

The Role of Educational Institutions for Airport Security 机场保安教育机构的角色

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.58940/2329-258x.1582

S. Young

引用次数: 0

Andragogical Methods for Teaching Advanced Cockpit Flying Skills to Professional Pilots 向专业飞行员教授高级驾驶舱飞行技能的方法

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.58940/2329-258x.1588

P. Ross, Janet Cosman-Ross

This paper is an examination of the adult (andragogical) learning methods required to teach flying skills to pilots of &the-art, computerized aircraft. The concepts of the learning process, andragogical teaching methods, student need-to-know, student motivation, and selfdkcted learning are examined. The paper concludes that andragogical methods must be used in order to transfer the required skills. In the last ten years aircraft cockpits have become increasingly complicated with the introduction of Flight Management Systems, Electronic Instnunent Systems with various display formats, Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning Systems, TratTic Collision and Avoidance Systems, Fly-by-Wire, and Head-Up-Displays. This article is an examination of the adult learning methods required to teach flying skills for advanced cockpits. The following concepts will be examined: The learning process Andragogical (adult) teaching methods Student need-to-know Motivation Self-directed learning. This article concludes that andragogical teaching methods must be used in order for professional pilots to develop the skills required to manage advanced cockpits. LEARNING AS A PROCESS Knowles, Holton, and Swanson (1998) define learning as a process in which the learner gains knowledge andtor expertise. The word process is an important one. Understanding the importance of process can help an instructor become a successful teacher. When the learning process is good, learning objectives will be met. This is described by learning theorist Harris and Schwahn (Knowles et al., 1998) By nurturing a sound learning process, the required training milestones (phase checks and evaluations) become small steps in a building block process that gradually improves the student's flying skills, insight, and selfawareness. If instructors focus on milestones instead of the learning process, the student will not completely develop the necessary insights and mental models required to operate sophisticated aircraft. ANDRAGOGICAL TEACHING METHOD The best way to teach professional pilots is with andragogical teaching methods as opposed to pedagogical teaching methods. Andragogical methods place the instructor in the role of facilitator. Pedagogical methods place the instructor in the role of lecturer or narrator. Pedagogical teaching methods are often used to teach children. Andragogical (adult) methods have the following characteristics: The instructor treats the student as an equal. The instructor and student learn together in a collaborative atmosphere. The instructor encourages the students to ask questions at any time. The instructor creates a relaxed atmosphere. The instructor always considers that the students' experiences and knowledge may have application to the learning process. Andragogical teaching goals should agree with the ones described by Gagne (Knowles et al., 1998). These include motor skills, verbal information intellectual skills, cognitive strategies, and attitudes. : Motor skills These

本文是一个成人(男性)的学习方法，需要教飞行技能的飞行员&艺术，计算机化飞机的检查。学习过程的概念，教学方法，学生需要知道，学生的动机和自主学习进行了检查。本文的结论是，为了转移所需的技能，必须使用教育方法。在过去的十年中，随着飞行管理系统、各种显示格式的电子仪表系统、增强型近地警告系统、交通碰撞和避免系统、电传飞行和平视显示器的引入，飞机驾驶舱变得越来越复杂。本文是对高级驾驶舱飞行技能教学成人学习方法的考察。以下概念将会被考察:学习过程和成人教学方法学生需要知道动机自主学习。本文的结论是，为了使专业飞行员发展管理高级驾驶舱所需的技能，必须采用男女平等的教学方法。诺尔斯、霍尔顿和斯旺森(1998)将学习定义为学习者获得知识和专业技能的过程。单词过程是一个重要的过程。理解过程的重要性可以帮助教师成为一名成功的教师。当学习过程良好时，学习目标就会实现。这是由学习理论家Harris和Schwahn (Knowles et al.， 1998)所描述的。通过培养一个健全的学习过程，所需的训练里程碑(阶段检查和评估)成为一个构建块过程中的小步骤，逐渐提高学生的飞行技能，洞察力和自我意识。如果教师专注于里程碑而不是学习过程，学生将不能完全发展必要的见解和心智模型，需要操作复杂的飞机。教专业飞行员最好的方法是用专业的教学方法，而不是用教学方法。教学方法将教师置于促进者的角色。教学方法将教师置于演讲者或叙述者的角色。教育学的教学方法常用于教育儿童。成人教学法有以下特点:教师平等对待学生。老师和学生在合作的氛围中一起学习。老师鼓励学生随时提问。教练营造了一种轻松的氛围。教师总是考虑到学生的经验和知识可以应用到学习过程中。安道学教学目标应与Gagne (Knowles et al.， 1998)所描述的目标一致。这些技能包括运动技能、语言信息、智力技能、认知策略和态度。运动技能这些技能主要包括在飞机上飞行所需的手眼协调技能。一些口头信息必须在课堂上使用混合的教学和教学方法教授，包括讲座、测验和讨论。这些口头信息提供了通过口试和书面JAAER所需的必要技能，2002年秋季，第9页1 Ross和Cosman-Ross:教授高级驾驶舱飞行技能的方法，ERAU学术公地出版，2002年。用于教学测试。口头信息也提供了对课程的“大局”理解。这些技能是在课堂、模拟器和飞机上教授的，也需要一种混合的、多元的教学方法。学生需要的智力技能包括解决问题的活动，如FMS编程、航线飞行计划更改和机组人员资源管理问题。为了发展认知策略，教师可能会把学生置于困难的情境中，让他们制定一个计划，以便安全地应对这种情况。三维模拟器为这类练习提供了最好的环境。在开发认知策略时，一个完整的和逻辑的方法是最有效的，因为学生以前的飞行经历往往有助于他们的推理过程。态度这也许是最难教给学生的东西了。为了安全飞行，飞行员必须培养以安全为导向的态度。大多数专业飞行员通常都认为良好的安全态度很重要，这是一种可以通过实践培养的技能。Knowles等人(1998)指出，“当成年人的生活环境产生了对知识的需求时，他们就会做好学习的准备”@。144)。这在高级飞行训练中是显而易见的。大多数专业飞行员都有学习飞行的强烈愿望或需要。这种需要是成功的两性学习过程的一个重要方面。专业飞行员喜欢向自己证明他们可以掌握新技能。成年学生必须被激励，才能保持记忆(Knowles et al.， 1998)。学生的积极性越高，他们在模拟器中练习的次数就越多，他们提出的问题就越多，他们似乎也越有乐趣。所有这些都增加了留存率。没有动力的专业飞行员学习速度很慢，不能长时间保留技能或知识，而且在飞机上和教室里，他们经常希望自己在别的地方。有动力的专业飞行员会花额外的时间在学习设施上，倾听其他学生和教练的意见，并尽可能地学习每一点知识。他们学得很快，记住信息，并且乐在其中。卡法雷拉(1993)将自主学习定义为个人对自己的学习承担责任，教师充当促进者或引导者的学习。自主学习是高级驾驶舱学习的一个重要方面。成功的学生必须花时间在训练设施之外学习。例如，有一些针对pc的FMS培训课程。在教学方法中，教师充当引导者和促进者。她允许学生探索和熟悉设备的变幻莫测和特质。这是高级飞行训练的精髓。在学生探索和学习的同时，教师也在学习。教师不能通过检查他们在教学中是否学到了什么来评估他们的教学表现。“教学是一个涉及改变人类行为的职业(Hiatt-Michael, 1999, P. 2)。教专业飞行员如何操作先进的驾驶舱是一个非常严肃的职业。”人们的生活依赖于完整而准确的指导，这些指导将传授非常具体的技能和行为上的改变。为了传授这些技能和行为改变，教师应该考虑以下概念:教师应该认识到一个健全的学习过程将导致一个渴望的学生。这个过程必须包括教师和学生之间良好的双向沟通。在现代哲学教学方法中，教师应扮演引导者的角色。教师应该了解学生求知需求的心理根源。学生的动机应该被理解和培养。应该教学生一种有效的方法来发展自主学习。这将使学生能够自主学习。Freire(2001)讨论了叙述性(教学法)教学方法的缺点，在这种教学方法中，教师叙述，学生被动倾听。弗莱雷认为，在这种情况下，教学内容变得“毫无生气和僵化”。教学(叙事)的教学方法在向专业飞行员教授高级飞机操作方面是完全失败的。事实上，它甚至可能夺去生命。P Page 10 JAAER, 2002年秋季2航空/航天教育与研究杂志，Vol. 12, No. 1 [2002]， Art. 2 http://commons.erau.edu/jaaer/vol12/iss1/2 Andraao的教学方法Patrick Ross获得了安柏瑞德航空大学的航空科学硕士学位和航空科学硕士学位。他是安柏瑞德航空大学(Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University)的兼职讲师，教授管理、航空公司运营、企业飞行运营、机组人员资源管理和航空航天器开发。他也是波音公司飞机操作手册的编辑。他目前是教育学博士。他是加州佩珀代因大学的学生，持有航空运输飞行员证书。Janet Cosman-Ross获得安柏瑞德航空大学航空管理硕士学位。她是艾伯瑞德航空大学的兼职讲师，教授各种商业课程。她也是波音公司的高级会计师。她目前是教育学博士。加州佩珀代因大学的学生。

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引用次数: 0

Data Acquisition in Aviation Maintenance Training 航空维修培训中的数据采集

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.58940/2329-258x.1305

Michael T. Leasure

引用次数: 0

A Quantitative Model of the Amplification of Power through Order and Implications for Defense against Hijackings 秩序中权力放大的定量模型及其对劫机防御的启示

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.58940/2329-258x.1302

E. Tarnow

I propose a simple quanthtive model of how the power of a leader over a group is a m p W when he or she starts to order the group. This model implies that a small well-informed minority can easily govern a previously ordered m a . . such as hijacked passengers. The model s u m the impartance of a new concqt, "group ~ ' ' that may be helpful in preventing fatal hijackings such as the ones that occmed on September 1

我提出了一个简单的定量模型，说明当一个领导者开始对一个群体发号施令时，他对一个群体的权力是多少?这个模型表明，一个消息灵通的少数人可以很容易地统治一个先前井然有序的社会。比如被劫持的乘客。该模型强调了一个新的概念“集团”的重要性，它可能有助于防止类似于9月1日发生的致命劫机事件

引用次数: 0

The Demise of Collegiate Aviation Programs with the Best of Intentions 怀着最好的意图的大学航空项目的消亡

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.58940/2329-258x.1589

Donald E. Smith

Collegiate aviation programs are in jeopardy as administrators laclung aviation experience or understandmg of the aerospace industry attempt to mold these specialized programs into traditional academic programs. Bereft of aviation experience, administrators are simply doing what they know-with the best of intentions. Collegiate aviation programs provide well educated safe and professional pilots for the aviation industry. One ofthe leading universities in the field can boast that one of every four cockpit seats in the airline industry is filled by its graduates. The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) accrediting agency points out collegiate aviation programs should be treated diffe~ntly than traditional academic programs with respect to faculty terminal degrees. The terminal degree criteria for aviation programs is the master's degree. SACS recognizes the strength of a good aviation program lies in instructors who have extensive experience in the aviation industry rather than those with impressive academic credentials. The best aviation programs in the United States have attained and maintained their status by doing just that: hiring aviation professionals with advanced degrees, usually technical master's degrees. This is a very sound practice. Appropriate technical areas are covered well, but not too deeply as would be required in an Aerospace Engineering curriculum. The instructors know what depth of knowledge is required to not only train an aviation professional but also what is required to keep them alive. By word of mouth, information regarding these programs has spread, bringing in thousands of serious aviation oriented students. There is an increasing attempt to mold these successful programs into traditional academic models. These initiatives are usually the consequence of the policies of college or university administration officials with little or no experience in aviation . They speak of attaining status as a mature or traditional university and insist upon hiring faculty with doctorates. It does not seem to matter what type doctoral is hired, as long as there is a D somewhere in the title. This is ironic in that some traditional universities are m-g in the opposite direction realizing that the Ph.D. is not the be all and end all. The first problem with the doctoral approach is the lack of a doctorate degree in the aviation field of study. One could argue a Ph.D. in Aeronautical or Aerospace Engineering could handily teach a pilot oriented Aerodynamics class, but without experience in the field, the approach may tend to be theoretical instead of practical. In addition, one would have to ask why this person would even want to teach in an aviation department when an Aerospace Engineering department would offer greater challenges in his orher field. Suppose an experienced aviation department faculty member took a sabbatical and obtained a technical Ph.D. It is doubtful their approach to teaching pilot oriented Aerodynami

在这些机构中，由经验丰富的教师授课，还是由缺乏法庭经验的律师授课，还是由从未执业过的医生授课，哪种课程更有价值?尽管申请人在专业和学术上有所成长和服务，但管理人员的这种蔑视往往导致他们在航空项目中难以获得晋升和终身职位。坚持聘用博士的行政管理人员甚至拒绝给航空专业的博士提供晋升和终身职位。以这样的业绩，他们期望如何吸引更多的wty ?这些政策和过程是自我毁灭的，从长远来看，这些计划将会枯萎。许多拥有航空项目的领先机构在经济上严重依赖这些招生。在这些破坏性政策盛行的院校，航空入学人数将出现下降。已经有一些大学以某种形式出现了这种情况。在俄克拉荷马州立大学，由于教育部门重组为学校，前航空和空间教育系现在是应用教育研究学院的一部分。人们甚至很难在大学网站上找到关于这个项目的提及。俄亥俄州立大学的一名毕业生讲述了在过去的几十年里，“理论家”如何接管了飞行计划，现在它是曾经的影子。这些有问题的政策不仅会阻止潜在的教师职位申请者，并导致入学率下降;如果不采取这些措施，再加上有缺陷的政策，航空教职员工的数量将会大幅减少。在这些政策下士气大受打击。如果没有明显的晋升或终身职位的希望，现有的教职员工即使没有被解雇，也肯定会在其他领域寻找工作。在这些项目中，应该寻找、雇用和欣赏有经验的航空专业人员。当他们成长为一名盟友并达到他们的项目要求时，他们应该得到晋升和终身教职。重点应该放在&&项目的要求上，而不是文科或航空航天工程项目的要求上。试图在航空项目上贴上传统的学术模版是行不通的。这些程序将会失败。航空业将失去安全、专业飞行员的宝贵资源。由于没有实践经验的博士填补了教学岗位(如果能找到的话)，入学人数减少，大学的预算将受到影响。管理人员确实需要有航空经验。只有这样，航空项目才能重新确立正确的优先次序。如果没有这一点，纯学术背景的管理人员将试图做他们过去经历过的事情:那就是将航空项目转变为传统的学术项目。这是他们所知道的一切，他们这样做是出于最好的意图。Donald Smith持有美国海军研究生院的航空工程理学硕士学位和美国海军学院的海军工程理学学士学位。他毕业于国家战争学院和海军顶级战斗机武器学院。他目前是安柏瑞德航空大学(Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University)的航空科学副教授，在那里他任职于参议院教师发展和福利委员会以及他所在部门的课程、终身教职和战略规划委员会。他是安柏瑞德船员俱乐部的教练。他是佛罗里达州德巴里市的第一任市长。他的飞行经验包括20年的美国海军战斗机飞行经验和东方航空公司波音727的副驾驶经验。他还担任了两年的驻八个西非国家的国防武官，在此期间他驾驶比奇超级金air飞机执行外交任务。J M R, Fall 2002 2航空航天教育与研究，Vol. 12, No. 1 [2002]， Art. 3 https://commons.erau.edu/jaaer/vol12/iss1/3

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