Pub Date : 1995-03-05DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1995.469059
M.V.M. Villaca, A.J. Perin
This paper introduces a new bidirectional soft commutation switching cell aimed at use in direct AC/AC converters. The proposed technique features no dead time between commutations of different switches and overcurrent protection thanks to the use of the principles of the dual thyristors. Because all the switches are driven at the same time, this cell allows design of a simple gate signal drive circuitry. As a consequence, all types of AC modulations can be used and the bidirectional switches can operate at high frequency of commutation. Another advantage of this technique is that only two power switches are conducting at the same time with no increase of the conduction losses. A prototype of an AC chopper operating at 20 kHz using IGBT was implemented in the laboratory. Analysis and design are also presented in the paper.<>
{"title":"A new bidirectional ZVS switch for direct AC/AC converter applications","authors":"M.V.M. Villaca, A.J. Perin","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1995.469059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1995.469059","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a new bidirectional soft commutation switching cell aimed at use in direct AC/AC converters. The proposed technique features no dead time between commutations of different switches and overcurrent protection thanks to the use of the principles of the dual thyristors. Because all the switches are driven at the same time, this cell allows design of a simple gate signal drive circuitry. As a consequence, all types of AC modulations can be used and the bidirectional switches can operate at high frequency of commutation. Another advantage of this technique is that only two power switches are conducting at the same time with no increase of the conduction losses. A prototype of an AC chopper operating at 20 kHz using IGBT was implemented in the laboratory. Analysis and design are also presented in the paper.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":335367,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC'95","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115182208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-03-05DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1995.468968
M.T. Zhang, M. Jovanovic, F. Lee
Analysis, design, and evaluation of different techniques for the forward converter with distributed magnetics are presented. Specifically, the one-choke interleaving approach is compared with the two-choke interleaving approach. The results of the analysis are verified on two 5 V/20 A, interleaved DC/DC converters. In addition, different methods of achieving and maintaining the desirable current sharing of directly paralleled transformers in a forward converter are described and verified experimentally.<>
{"title":"Analysis, design, and evaluation of forward converter with distributed magnetics-interleaving and transformer paralleling","authors":"M.T. Zhang, M. Jovanovic, F. Lee","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1995.468968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1995.468968","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis, design, and evaluation of different techniques for the forward converter with distributed magnetics are presented. Specifically, the one-choke interleaving approach is compared with the two-choke interleaving approach. The results of the analysis are verified on two 5 V/20 A, interleaved DC/DC converters. In addition, different methods of achieving and maintaining the desirable current sharing of directly paralleled transformers in a forward converter are described and verified experimentally.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":335367,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC'95","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114899985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-03-05DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1995.468986
M. Brkovic, Slobodan Cuk
A novel class of AC-to-DC switching converters use a magnetic amplifier (magamp) as a controllable switch to provide unity power factor on the line in a single power stage. The magamp controls the rectified line current, while the fast output regulation is provided independently through pulse-width modulation (PWM) of the active switch. The overall function of these topologies is to provide light weight and efficient processing of the AC electric power with unity power factor and fast output regulation in a single converter. Experimental results are presented to verify a novel method of input current shaping with a magamp.<>
{"title":"Novel single stage AC-to-DC converters with magnetic amplifiers and high power factor","authors":"M. Brkovic, Slobodan Cuk","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1995.468986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1995.468986","url":null,"abstract":"A novel class of AC-to-DC switching converters use a magnetic amplifier (magamp) as a controllable switch to provide unity power factor on the line in a single power stage. The magamp controls the rectified line current, while the fast output regulation is provided independently through pulse-width modulation (PWM) of the active switch. The overall function of these topologies is to provide light weight and efficient processing of the AC electric power with unity power factor and fast output regulation in a single converter. Experimental results are presented to verify a novel method of input current shaping with a magamp.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":335367,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC'95","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128068506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-03-05DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1995.468972
Ping Han, G. Skutt, Ju Zhang, F. Lee
A calculation method for ferrite core loss by finite element analysis (FEA) is developed based on core loss measurements for sample toroidal cores. Material properties extracted from these tests are then used in an FEA solver to predict core loss in a range of other core shapes. Measured data is used to evaluate the accuracy of the FEA simulations.<>
{"title":"Finite element method for ferrite core loss calculation","authors":"Ping Han, G. Skutt, Ju Zhang, F. Lee","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1995.468972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1995.468972","url":null,"abstract":"A calculation method for ferrite core loss by finite element analysis (FEA) is developed based on core loss measurements for sample toroidal cores. Material properties extracted from these tests are then used in an FEA solver to predict core loss in a range of other core shapes. Measured data is used to evaluate the accuracy of the FEA simulations.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":335367,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC'95","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125979892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-03-05DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1995.468974
G. Callander, A. Gardiner, S. Johnson
The transformer design philosophy presented is based on fundamental principles and facilitates the design of close to optimum transformers, without significant iteration. No new theoretical material is presented, but rather an analytical procedure that accords priority to minimising losses. The power transfer capacity of a transformer is constrained by its allowable operating temperature, a function of the power loss. A single total loss equation is derived consisting of core and winding components. The implicit assumptions are valid where skin depth and winding layers do not introduce significant proximity effect. A practical design example is included.<>
{"title":"Analytical minimal loss design of transformers for high frequency switch mode convertors","authors":"G. Callander, A. Gardiner, S. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1995.468974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1995.468974","url":null,"abstract":"The transformer design philosophy presented is based on fundamental principles and facilitates the design of close to optimum transformers, without significant iteration. No new theoretical material is presented, but rather an analytical procedure that accords priority to minimising losses. The power transfer capacity of a transformer is constrained by its allowable operating temperature, a function of the power loss. A single total loss equation is derived consisting of core and winding components. The implicit assumptions are valid where skin depth and winding layers do not introduce significant proximity effect. A practical design example is included.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":335367,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC'95","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121547820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-03-05DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1995.469006
Nasser H. Kutkut, H. Wiegman, D. M. Divan, Donald W. Novotny
Charge equalization for series connected battery strings has important ramifications on battery life. It enhances the uniformity of the battery cells and hence improves the life of the battery as a whole. A new charge equalization technique for a series string of battery cells has been recently proposed by the authors. The basic technique utilizes a simple isolated DC-to-DC power converter with a capacitive output filter along with a multi-winding transformer. The possibility of integrating the trickle charge function with the charge equalization function is potentially very attractive, as it can lead to an efficient and low cost implementation.<>
{"title":"Design considerations for charge equalization of an electric vehicle battery system","authors":"Nasser H. Kutkut, H. Wiegman, D. M. Divan, Donald W. Novotny","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1995.469006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1995.469006","url":null,"abstract":"Charge equalization for series connected battery strings has important ramifications on battery life. It enhances the uniformity of the battery cells and hence improves the life of the battery as a whole. A new charge equalization technique for a series string of battery cells has been recently proposed by the authors. The basic technique utilizes a simple isolated DC-to-DC power converter with a capacitive output filter along with a multi-winding transformer. The possibility of integrating the trickle charge function with the charge equalization function is potentially very attractive, as it can lead to an efficient and low cost implementation.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":335367,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC'95","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124981631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-03-05DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1995.468971
R.K. Dhawan, P. Davis, R. Naik
A large number of factors go into core selection in the design of high frequency power transformers. An experto-fuzzy system called CoGSA (Core Geometry Selection Aid) has been developed to aid the magnetic designer in selection of a core geometry. The system is based on expert system and fuzzy logic techniques. The various decision components (power, cost, shielding, heating, power density etc.) are taken into account in the form of IF-THEN statements. The fuzzy logic is applied to take into consideration the uncertainty involved with the various factors.<>
{"title":"Applying expert systems and fuzzy logic for core selection for high frequency power transformers","authors":"R.K. Dhawan, P. Davis, R. Naik","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1995.468971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1995.468971","url":null,"abstract":"A large number of factors go into core selection in the design of high frequency power transformers. An experto-fuzzy system called CoGSA (Core Geometry Selection Aid) has been developed to aid the magnetic designer in selection of a core geometry. The system is based on expert system and fuzzy logic techniques. The various decision components (power, cost, shielding, heating, power density etc.) are taken into account in the form of IF-THEN statements. The fuzzy logic is applied to take into consideration the uncertainty involved with the various factors.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":335367,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC'95","volume":"37 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130483523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-03-05DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1995.468993
C.J. McAtee, J. P. Agrawal, H. Moghbelli
This paper presents the analysis, design and experimental data of a power supply based on the boost power converter topology using the zero-voltage switching technique. The topology uses two switches. Zero-voltage turn-on is accomplished on both switches with the capacitor across only one switch. The converter operates at 100 kHz. This power converter has a wide range of zero-voltage switching capability. Theoretical performance is determined by using the state-plane analysis.<>
{"title":"A 100 watt power supply using ZVS boost converter","authors":"C.J. McAtee, J. P. Agrawal, H. Moghbelli","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1995.468993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1995.468993","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the analysis, design and experimental data of a power supply based on the boost power converter topology using the zero-voltage switching technique. The topology uses two switches. Zero-voltage turn-on is accomplished on both switches with the capacitor across only one switch. The converter operates at 100 kHz. This power converter has a wide range of zero-voltage switching capability. Theoretical performance is determined by using the state-plane analysis.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":335367,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC'95","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129578366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-03-05DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1995.469101
H.H. Li, H. Wiegman, N. Kurkut, A. Kurnia, D. Divan, K. Shenai
This paper reports on the experimental and theoretical performances of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) characteristics at elevated temperatures when used in soft- and hard-switching converters. It is shown that di/dt-dependent turn-on voltage spike and dynamic forward voltage saturation occur due to conductivity modulation lag in the drift region. During turn-off, temperature- and dv/dt-dependent elevated current waveforms were measured that are caused by the minority carrier storage and recombination in the drift region of the device. The measured data is shown to be in excellent agreement with the simulated results over the entire range of dv/dt, di/dt and temperature variations. The simulations were performed using an advanced mixed device and circuit simulator in which device carrier dynamics was studied under boundary conditions imposed by circuit operation.<>
{"title":"High-temperature characteristics of IGBTs in soft- and hard-switching converters","authors":"H.H. Li, H. Wiegman, N. Kurkut, A. Kurnia, D. Divan, K. Shenai","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1995.469101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1995.469101","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the experimental and theoretical performances of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) characteristics at elevated temperatures when used in soft- and hard-switching converters. It is shown that di/dt-dependent turn-on voltage spike and dynamic forward voltage saturation occur due to conductivity modulation lag in the drift region. During turn-off, temperature- and dv/dt-dependent elevated current waveforms were measured that are caused by the minority carrier storage and recombination in the drift region of the device. The measured data is shown to be in excellent agreement with the simulated results over the entire range of dv/dt, di/dt and temperature variations. The simulations were performed using an advanced mixed device and circuit simulator in which device carrier dynamics was studied under boundary conditions imposed by circuit operation.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":335367,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC'95","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129726683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-03-05DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1995.469055
J. Perkinson
DC-DC power converters operating in parallel, redundant configurations can produce high availability systems, which can tolerate the failure of one or more of the power converters involved. This paper details a simple but effective method for insuring current sharing in paralleled modules, which can be applied to power convertor modules from many different manufactures.<>
{"title":"Current sharing of redundant DC-DC converters in high availability systems-a simple approach","authors":"J. Perkinson","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1995.469055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1995.469055","url":null,"abstract":"DC-DC power converters operating in parallel, redundant configurations can produce high availability systems, which can tolerate the failure of one or more of the power converters involved. This paper details a simple but effective method for insuring current sharing in paralleled modules, which can be applied to power convertor modules from many different manufactures.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":335367,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC'95","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130652013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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