Pub Date : 1995-03-05DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1995.469051
G.W. Tuymer, H. Ertl
Due to its relatively low environmental pollution, plasma based surface hardening (e.g. of automotive components) is becoming increasingly important. This paper presents a novel 40 kW (20 kW) power supply unit for hardening/chemical vapor deposition (CVD) plants, as one plant can be used for both hardening and CVD, e.g. for coating cutting tools to increase tool life. The topology and the realization of the IGBT output stage, which has to generate voltage pulses with amplitudes up to 1 kV and a maximum repetition rate of 30 kHz (50 kHz with reduced output power) are described in detail. Furthermore, the construction of the high-frequency power transformer (which is necessary for potential separation) is discussed. Finally, measurement results are shown which also demonstrate the high dv/dt-stress of some system components in case an arc discharge occurs.<>
{"title":"A novel 1000 V/40 A IGBT power supply unit for a plasma hardening and chemical vapor deposition plant","authors":"G.W. Tuymer, H. Ertl","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1995.469051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1995.469051","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its relatively low environmental pollution, plasma based surface hardening (e.g. of automotive components) is becoming increasingly important. This paper presents a novel 40 kW (20 kW) power supply unit for hardening/chemical vapor deposition (CVD) plants, as one plant can be used for both hardening and CVD, e.g. for coating cutting tools to increase tool life. The topology and the realization of the IGBT output stage, which has to generate voltage pulses with amplitudes up to 1 kV and a maximum repetition rate of 30 kHz (50 kHz with reduced output power) are described in detail. Furthermore, the construction of the high-frequency power transformer (which is necessary for potential separation) is discussed. Finally, measurement results are shown which also demonstrate the high dv/dt-stress of some system components in case an arc discharge occurs.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":335367,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC'95","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131998647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-03-05DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1995.469035
J. Rajagopalan, B. Cho
This paper presents new power management and control concepts for power converters that interface a photovoltaic (PV) system to an electric utility power system. The interface circuit is a space-vector modulated (SVM), high-frequency, 3/spl phi/, PWM buck-type inverter. Decoupled control of DC voltage for peak power tracking, and the quadrature component of AC output current for reactive power flow control is achieved. The inner current loop maintains a preset flow of reactive power from the power converter to the local load and the utility power system. The peak power tracking loop sets the reference value of the outer voltage loop. Small-signal model of the switching power converter, derived in rotating d-q coordinates is used to design the control loops.<>
{"title":"Space-vector modulated PWM converters for photo-voltaic interface applications: analysis, power management and control issues","authors":"J. Rajagopalan, B. Cho","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1995.469035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1995.469035","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents new power management and control concepts for power converters that interface a photovoltaic (PV) system to an electric utility power system. The interface circuit is a space-vector modulated (SVM), high-frequency, 3/spl phi/, PWM buck-type inverter. Decoupled control of DC voltage for peak power tracking, and the quadrature component of AC output current for reactive power flow control is achieved. The inner current loop maintains a preset flow of reactive power from the power converter to the local load and the utility power system. The peak power tracking loop sets the reference value of the outer voltage loop. Small-signal model of the switching power converter, derived in rotating d-q coordinates is used to design the control loops.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":335367,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC'95","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132034457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-03-05DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1995.469090
T.-H. Yu, H. Huang, T. Wu
Time-domain analyses are given for the electronic ballasts adapted from a self excited half-bridge series resonant parallel loaded inverter operating in either high quality factor (>2.5) or low quality factor (/spl ap/1.0) conditions. The operational principles of the inverter applied as an electronic ballast are described in detail from which the voltage and current stresses imposed on switching devices can be determined analytically, and a systematic design procedure can be, therefore, outlined. In addition, practical considerations taking into account the storage time of the switching devices and the nonlinear characteristics of the saturable core are addressed. The computer simulations and experimental results from a laboratorial prototype are used to verify the theoretical predictions and discussions.<>
{"title":"Self excited half-bridge series resonant parallel loaded fluorescent lamp electronic ballasts","authors":"T.-H. Yu, H. Huang, T. Wu","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1995.469090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1995.469090","url":null,"abstract":"Time-domain analyses are given for the electronic ballasts adapted from a self excited half-bridge series resonant parallel loaded inverter operating in either high quality factor (>2.5) or low quality factor (/spl ap/1.0) conditions. The operational principles of the inverter applied as an electronic ballast are described in detail from which the voltage and current stresses imposed on switching devices can be determined analytically, and a systematic design procedure can be, therefore, outlined. In addition, practical considerations taking into account the storage time of the switching devices and the nonlinear characteristics of the saturable core are addressed. The computer simulations and experimental results from a laboratorial prototype are used to verify the theoretical predictions and discussions.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":335367,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC'95","volume":"59 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114135921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-03-05DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1995.468996
M. Hissem, A. Chériti, P. Sicard, A. Ba-Razzouk
Until now, the injected current method has been applied only to DC-DC power converters. This paper describes how this method can be extended to quasi-resonant power converters. It is shown that quasi-resonant models are easy to obtain since they are derived directly from the PWM power converter models. These new models result in a unified block diagram from which zero voltage switching or zero current switching transfer functions of the basic topologies such as buck, boost and buck-boost operated in half-wave or full-wave are found. As an application of this method, a zero voltage switching boost power converter and a zero current switching boost power converter are fabricated and tested. Experimental results are compared to computer simulations obtained with this method and with the state-space averaging method.<>
{"title":"Application of the current-injected modelling approach to quasi-resonant converters","authors":"M. Hissem, A. Chériti, P. Sicard, A. Ba-Razzouk","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1995.468996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1995.468996","url":null,"abstract":"Until now, the injected current method has been applied only to DC-DC power converters. This paper describes how this method can be extended to quasi-resonant power converters. It is shown that quasi-resonant models are easy to obtain since they are derived directly from the PWM power converter models. These new models result in a unified block diagram from which zero voltage switching or zero current switching transfer functions of the basic topologies such as buck, boost and buck-boost operated in half-wave or full-wave are found. As an application of this method, a zero voltage switching boost power converter and a zero current switching boost power converter are fabricated and tested. Experimental results are compared to computer simulations obtained with this method and with the state-space averaging method.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":335367,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC'95","volume":"316 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133309857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-03-05DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1995.468988
D. Maksimović, R. Erickson
This paper describes new universal-input high-power-factor boost doubler rectifiers (BDR). The new rectifiers can be configured for low-line (90-130 V RMS) or high-line (180-260 V RMS) operation such that component stresses and the rectifier efficiency are approximately the same for both the high-line and the low-line input. As a result, significant efficiency and size improvements can be obtained compared to the conventional boost rectifier designed for universal-input operation. Results are experimentally verified on a 220 W prototype.<>
介绍了一种新型的通用输入高功率因数倍压整流器(BDR)。新的整流器可以配置为低线(90-130 V RMS)或高线(180-260 V RMS)工作，使组件应力和整流器效率在高线和低线输入时大致相同。因此，与设计用于通用输入操作的传统升压整流器相比，可以获得显着的效率和尺寸改进。实验结果在220w的样机上得到了验证
{"title":"Universal-input, high-power-factor, boost doubler rectifiers","authors":"D. Maksimović, R. Erickson","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1995.468988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1995.468988","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes new universal-input high-power-factor boost doubler rectifiers (BDR). The new rectifiers can be configured for low-line (90-130 V RMS) or high-line (180-260 V RMS) operation such that component stresses and the rectifier efficiency are approximately the same for both the high-line and the low-line input. As a result, significant efficiency and size improvements can be obtained compared to the conventional boost rectifier designed for universal-input operation. Results are experimentally verified on a 220 W prototype.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":335367,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC'95","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133313019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-03-05DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1995.468959
C. Leu, Jiunn-Bin Hwang, F. Lee
Employing the transformer leakage inductance and two cross-coupled capacitors, a built-in input filter forward converter (BIFFC) configuration is proposed. Without adding extra components, this configuration can perform core reset, turn-off snubber, voltage-clamped and input filter functions. Consequently, low voltage stress, high efficiency performance and reduced input current ripple can be achieved. In this paper, the circuit operation is analyzed by using the PSpice software. Based on the simulation results, the design guideline is provided and an experimental circuit on a 300 kHz, 50 W converter was breadboarded for performance evaluation.<>
{"title":"A novel forward configuration for DC-DC application: built-in input filter forward converter (BIFFC)","authors":"C. Leu, Jiunn-Bin Hwang, F. Lee","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1995.468959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1995.468959","url":null,"abstract":"Employing the transformer leakage inductance and two cross-coupled capacitors, a built-in input filter forward converter (BIFFC) configuration is proposed. Without adding extra components, this configuration can perform core reset, turn-off snubber, voltage-clamped and input filter functions. Consequently, low voltage stress, high efficiency performance and reduced input current ripple can be achieved. In this paper, the circuit operation is analyzed by using the PSpice software. Based on the simulation results, the design guideline is provided and an experimental circuit on a 300 kHz, 50 W converter was breadboarded for performance evaluation.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":335367,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC'95","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133588742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-03-05DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1995.469034
A. Trzynadlowski, S. Legowski
A principle of integral control of the output voltage in PWM voltage-source inverters is described. The proposed approach is a modification of the known delta modulation technique, and consists in closed-loop control of angle-domain integrals of switching signals for individual phases of the inverter. Integrals of the corresponding modulating functions serve as reference signals. Integral control has several superior features in comparison with traditional PWM techniques. Theoretical considerations, computer simulations, and experimental results are presented.<>
{"title":"Integral control of PWM voltage-source inverters","authors":"A. Trzynadlowski, S. Legowski","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1995.469034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1995.469034","url":null,"abstract":"A principle of integral control of the output voltage in PWM voltage-source inverters is described. The proposed approach is a modification of the known delta modulation technique, and consists in closed-loop control of angle-domain integrals of switching signals for individual phases of the inverter. Integrals of the corresponding modulating functions serve as reference signals. Integral control has several superior features in comparison with traditional PWM techniques. Theoretical considerations, computer simulations, and experimental results are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":335367,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC'95","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133516549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-03-05DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1995.469004
A. Brockschmidt
Power electronic assemblies often come with inherent problems that appear only under certain fault conditions after production begins. Nine examples of various products and their problems and solutions are discussed. Some seem apparent, some are subtle; all are presented to help circuit designers and packagers avoid and solve similar problems. All of the problems discussed occurred during test programs.<>
{"title":"A description of circuit design problems and solutions typical of military, space, and commercial switching power supplies","authors":"A. Brockschmidt","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1995.469004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1995.469004","url":null,"abstract":"Power electronic assemblies often come with inherent problems that appear only under certain fault conditions after production begins. Nine examples of various products and their problems and solutions are discussed. Some seem apparent, some are subtle; all are presented to help circuit designers and packagers avoid and solve similar problems. All of the problems discussed occurred during test programs.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":335367,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC'95","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133214260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-03-05DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1995.469044
Y. Nishida, A. Maeda, H. Tomita
A new instantaneous-current controller for three-phase buck-boost and buck power converters with power factor correction (PFC) operation is proposed. Based on the idea of a three-phase equivalent pulse-current-source with delta-form, the controller simply generates three-phase switching-patterns for PFC operation. Additionally, the controller employs a pulse-space-modulation technique to compensate modulation errors caused by ripples in the DC-inductor current and to reduce the size of the inductor. The modulation technique is further extended to realize a discontinuous-switching scheme to reduce switching losses. The paper describes the theory and the implementations. To show the validity of the theory, experimental waveforms, spectra and static characteristics, obtained by a 3 kW setup are introduced. Finally, conclusions are drawn and abilities and problems for future study are described.<>
{"title":"A new instantaneous-current controller for three-phase buck-boost and buck converters with PFC operation","authors":"Y. Nishida, A. Maeda, H. Tomita","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1995.469044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1995.469044","url":null,"abstract":"A new instantaneous-current controller for three-phase buck-boost and buck power converters with power factor correction (PFC) operation is proposed. Based on the idea of a three-phase equivalent pulse-current-source with delta-form, the controller simply generates three-phase switching-patterns for PFC operation. Additionally, the controller employs a pulse-space-modulation technique to compensate modulation errors caused by ripples in the DC-inductor current and to reduce the size of the inductor. The modulation technique is further extended to realize a discontinuous-switching scheme to reduce switching losses. The paper describes the theory and the implementations. To show the validity of the theory, experimental waveforms, spectra and static characteristics, obtained by a 3 kW setup are introduced. Finally, conclusions are drawn and abilities and problems for future study are described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":335367,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC'95","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130157991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-03-05DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1995.468965
N. Yamashita, N. Murakami, T. Yachi
A compact, highly efficient 50-W power supply module has been developed. It has a power density of 30 W/inch/sup 3/ and an efficiency of up to 90%. Total power loss is reduced by using MOSFET synchronous rectification and choosing the optimum switching frequency. Under forced air convection, this module does not need a heat sink. It is only 8.5 mm high.<>
{"title":"A compact, highly efficient 50-W on-board power supply module for telecommunications systems","authors":"N. Yamashita, N. Murakami, T. Yachi","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1995.468965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1995.468965","url":null,"abstract":"A compact, highly efficient 50-W power supply module has been developed. It has a power density of 30 W/inch/sup 3/ and an efficiency of up to 90%. Total power loss is reduced by using MOSFET synchronous rectification and choosing the optimum switching frequency. Under forced air convection, this module does not need a heat sink. It is only 8.5 mm high.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":335367,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC'95","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130439402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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