Clocks & Sleep最新文献

We investigated the effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) on blood pressure (BP) and vigilance in taxi drivers with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This pilot study recruited taxi drivers aged ≥60 years to undergo polysomnography. Those diagnosed with OSA underwent 6 months of CPAP therapy. Baseline and follow-up assessments included 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT). Among the 32 participants, 22 (68.8%) were diagnosed with OSA (median age 63.0 [62.0-65.0] years; 21 males). The average CPAP adherence was 3.1 ± 2.3 h per night, with 23.5% using CPAP for more than 4 h per night. There were no significant changes in 24 h mean systolic ABPM (125.9 [116.8-134.9] mmHg to 126.0 [118.3-133.7] mmHg; p = 0.93) or reaction times measured by PVT (2.0 [0.0-3.0] lapses to 2.0 [1.0-3.0] lapses; p = 0.82) after CPAP therapy. A high prevalence of OSA was observed among taxi drivers. CPAP adherence was suboptimal and did not result in significant improvements in BP or vigilance.

Background: Exposure to artificial light at night can lead to circadian disruption and health risks. It can cause mood swings, confusion, and depression. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between the illuminance of urban lighting and the health of residents.

Methods: This study was carried out among residents of two similar towns, one with typical street lighting and a Dark Sky Park characterized by reduced lighting. A total of 272 respondents participated in this study. A self-administered questionnaire and the WHOQOL-BREF were used among the respondents.

Results: People living in the Dark Sky Park were more likely to be satisfied with their sleep (p < 0.001). In fact, 58.7% of Dark Sky Park residents reported no sleep problems. In the control town, only 49.25% did (p = 0.04). The sleep duration was similar in the two towns, but Dark Sky Park residents were statistically less likely to use sleeping pills and window blinds. People exposed to typical street lighting at night reported suffering from eye diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and mood changes more often than those living in the Dark Sky Park. The environmental and physical quality of life, as measured by the WHOQOL-BREF, were significantly higher in the Dark Sky Park residents than in the control town (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: People living in places with limited illuminance declare better health and a higher quality of life in the physical and environmental domains.

It is my pleasure to present this collection of abstracts from the 36th Annual Meeting of the Society for Light, Rhythms, and Circadian Health (SLRCH), held in Boston, Massachusetts, at Simmons University and Brigham and Women's Hospital [...].

Late-night feeding, defined in the present review as feeding after 8:00 pm when evening insulin secretion and sensitivity are low, is increasingly prevalent in Western society and is recognized as a disruptor of metabolic homeostasis. Yet health problems related to late-night feeding are largely ignored in time-restricted feeding studies that generally do not extend past an 8:00 pm feeding window. This paper proposes a novel cascade linking late-night hyperglycemia with sleep disturbances and nasal congestion mediated by renal sodium retention, increased plasma osmolarity, and stress hormone release by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation. The narrative describes the circadian decline in insulin sensitivity, which amplifies postprandial glucose surges following late-night feeding. Elevated glucose levels drive renal glucose reabsorption via sodium-glucose cotransporters, promoting sodium retention independent of insulin. Increased sodium retention raises extracellular osmolarity, activating hypothalamic osmoreceptors and stimulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Cortisol release promotes alertness, while fluid retention and mucosal edema contribute to nasal congestion and early waking. Supine fluid redistribution during sleep further exacerbates airway narrowing, increasing the risk of sleep fragmentation and obstructive sleep apnea. The present paper fills a gap in current time-restricted feeding literature by integrating renal, osmotic, and neuroendocrine pathways that may be overlooked as underlying mechanisms of dysregulated glucose control and hormone dysfunction. Reviewed evidence suggests that symptoms such as nocturnal congestion and sleep disruption are not merely incidental to late-night feeding but frame late night feeding as a risk factor with underlying physiological stressors that could contribute to cardiometabolic risk.

Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (dCBT-I) is an effective alternative to therapist-delivered CBT-I. However, there is a lack of meta-analyses assessing its effects on other sleep-related outcomes. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating dCBT-I in adults with insomnia through polysomnography (PSG) and sleep diary. Systematic searches were performed in PubMed and Web of Science. The outcomes considered were total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), sleep efficiency (SE), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and number of awakenings (NWAK). Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models to compare dCBT-I with active (in-person or telehealth CBT-I) or inactive (waiting list, no treatment, or minimal intervention) control groups. Of the fourteen RCTs included, only three employed an active control. As no trials used PSG, the analyses relied solely on sleep diary data. DCBT-I showed no statistically significant differences from active controls, indicating comparable effects with therapist-delivered CBT-I. In contrast, it demonstrated statistically significant effects against inactive controls; TST increased by 0.20 h, SOL decreased by 15.53 min, SE improved by 7.91%, WASO reduced by 15.61 min, and NWAK decreased by 0.53. Future research should prioritize comparisons with therapist-delivered CBT-I and incorporate PSG for measuring these parameters.

This paper reviews existing research on infant mattress design to promote safe and comfortable sleep and proposes evidence-based design recommendations. Focusing on safety related to Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) and comfort associated with infant development and thermoregulation, we examine mattress firmness, pressure distribution, breathability, and thermal properties. Since infants have difficulty turning over and possess immature thermoregulatory functions, mattress characteristics directly influence sleep quality and safety. Based on international studies, we clarify the requirements for infant mattresses and provide insights into future product development and evaluation standards.

Anticipation of stressful events can impair sleep quality. In a recent study, we reported that anticipating a stressful task before a nap led to negative changes in sleep parameters, particularly at the end of the nap. In our previous study, we compared stress anticipation with the anticipation of relaxation; thus, the observed effects may have been amplified by sleep quality improvements in the relaxation condition. In the current study, we aimed to replicate these findings using an alternative neutral control condition. The data from a newly collected sample (n = 31) were compared with the data from our previous study (n = 33) using identical analyses. The results reveal an opposite pattern from our previous study: participants in the neutral control condition showed poorer sleep (longer sleep onset latency, reduced slow-wave sleep, and lower SWA/beta ratio) compared to those anticipating stress. In a direct comparison of both studies, sleep parameters in the stress conditions were highly similar across the two studies, suggesting that the divergent outcomes are driven by differences in the control conditions. The temporal dynamic changes observed in our previous study could not be replicated. These findings highlight the importance of carefully considering control conditions in experimental sleep research and suggest that even "neutral" instructions can evoke anticipatory effects. Moreover, the observed benefits of anticipating post-sleep relaxation highlight opportunities for relaxation-based interventions to improve sleep quality.

The circadian phase difference between morning and evening types is a fundamental aspect of chronotype. However, results of categorizations into chronotypes based on reported sleep times show low concordance with those based on measurements of the hormonal or physiological or molecular rhythm-markers of the circadian phase. This might be partially explained by the profound individual differences in the phase angle between the sleep-wake cycle and these rhythms that depends on chronotype, age, sex, and other factors. Here, we examined the possibility of using self-reported sleep times in the condition of 5-days-on/2-days-off school/work schedule to estimate circadian phase differences between various chronotypes. In an in silico study, we determined that, for such an estimation, similarities of the compared chronotypes in weekend sleep duration and weekend-weekday gap and in risetime are required. In the following empirical and simulation studies of sleep times reported by 4940 survey participants, we provided examples of the estimation of circadian differences between chronotypes, and the model-based simulations of sleep times in morning and evening types exemplified a way to confirm such estimations. The results of in silico, empirical, and simulation studies underscore the possibility of using bedtimes and risetimes for direct estimation of the circadian phase differences between individuals in real-life situations, such as a 5-days-on/2-days-off school/work schedule. Additionally, the results of these studies on different chronotypes provided further mathematical modeling and empirical evidence for our failure to sleep more on weekends to recover/compensate/pay back/ catch up on lost sleep.

Sleep is essential for child development, influencing cognition, emotional regulation, behavior, and physical health. Recent studies increasingly frame sleep as both a key developmental process and a modifiable factor shaped by, and shaping environmental risks-including digital screen exposure and psychosocial stress. This systematic review synthesized empirical findings from cross-sectional and cohort studies published between 2019 and 2024 on the associations between sleep duration, quality, and patterns and developmental outcomes in typically developing children aged 6-12 years. Searches were conducted in EBSCO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, yielding 99 records, of which 20 met inclusion criteria. Methodological quality was evaluated using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Findings show consistent associations between better sleep and enhanced cognitive performance, emotional well-being, and reduced behavioral problems. Some studies identified sleep as a mediator between screen use and behavioral difficulties, whit additional moderating effects related to gender and socioeconomic status. However, most studies used cross-sectional designs and self-reported measures, limiting causal interpretation. Overall, sleep emerge as a potentially modifiable factor influencing developmental outcomes, based on correlational evidence. Future research should prioritize longitudinal and ecologically valid designs, objective measures, and computational approaches to identify sleep-related risk profiles and guide early interventions.

Objective: An association between sleep apnea and various urological symptoms has been reported in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze sex-related differences in the association between sleep apnea und subsequent urinary incontinence diagnosis.

Methods: This study examined the incidence of urinary incontinence in a matched pair cohort with and without sleep apnea treated in 1293 general practices in Germany between January 2005 and December 2022 (74,453 vs. 372,256 individuals). The five-year cumulative incidence of urinary incontinence in the cohorts with and without sleep apnea was studied using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. Finally, a univariable Cox regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between sleep apnea and urinary incontinence. Stratified analyses were conducted by sex (male/female) and age group (18-50 years, 51-60 years, 61-70 years, >70 years).

Results: Sleep apnea was significantly associated with urinary incontinence as compared to individuals without sleep disorder diagnosis (5.1% vs. 4.3%; p < 0.001), and this association remained robust in females (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.29-1.46), but not in males (HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.96-1.08) In females, the association was strongest in the age group 51-60 years (HR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.71-2.30).

Conclusions: In conclusion, this study reports a significant association between sleep apnea and subsequent urinary incontinence diagnosis. Sex- and age-related differences should be taken into account, as associations were stronger for middle-aged females followed by younger females and no significant association was found regarding males.