Pub Date : 2021-11-27DOI: 10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696946
F. Deeba, S. Patil
For analysis of any health related problems or diseases, on time investigation and accuracy of prediction plays a vital role. Machine learning technology has become the most significant field that has various applications in the healthcare field. The healthcare professionals are looking forward for most advanced and reliable healthcare systems that assist in providing best possible prognosis and treatment to patients with great accuracy in stipulated amount of time. There are various data mining techniques which are being developed so as to extract useful information from the health dataset collected. The main motto behind the development of prediction system using machine learning algorithms is to find the best possible solution for the health related issues during diagnosis. The sample dataset utilized for the implementation consist a record of about 4922 patients'. The prognosis was carried out based on 132 symptoms for prediction of 42 commonly occurring diseases. The paper also discusses the system design required for prediction of common diseases using ML Algorithms where the doctors/clinicians just need to enter the symptoms with which patient is suffering. The best ML Algorithms found so far for implementation in the field of healthcare are Decision Tree, Random Forest Classifier and Naive Bayes Classifier. The paper presents the comparison results between various algorithms. The system model yields a high accuracy rate of 95.12% for prediction of diseases.
{"title":"Utilization of Machine Learning Algorithms for Prediction of Diseases","authors":"F. Deeba, S. Patil","doi":"10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696946","url":null,"abstract":"For analysis of any health related problems or diseases, on time investigation and accuracy of prediction plays a vital role. Machine learning technology has become the most significant field that has various applications in the healthcare field. The healthcare professionals are looking forward for most advanced and reliable healthcare systems that assist in providing best possible prognosis and treatment to patients with great accuracy in stipulated amount of time. There are various data mining techniques which are being developed so as to extract useful information from the health dataset collected. The main motto behind the development of prediction system using machine learning algorithms is to find the best possible solution for the health related issues during diagnosis. The sample dataset utilized for the implementation consist a record of about 4922 patients'. The prognosis was carried out based on 132 symptoms for prediction of 42 commonly occurring diseases. The paper also discusses the system design required for prediction of common diseases using ML Algorithms where the doctors/clinicians just need to enter the symptoms with which patient is suffering. The best ML Algorithms found so far for implementation in the field of healthcare are Decision Tree, Random Forest Classifier and Naive Bayes Classifier. The paper presents the comparison results between various algorithms. The system model yields a high accuracy rate of 95.12% for prediction of diseases.","PeriodicalId":335956,"journal":{"name":"2021 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116136641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-27DOI: 10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696714
Rahul S G, Rajnikant Kushwaha, Sayantan Bhattacharjee, Agniv Aditya, K. S. Reddy, Durri Shahwar
Information and data are two key factors that affect the successful completion of a military operation or military patrols. Along with the ground intelligence, monitoring the health and the position of a soldier plays a crucial role during any active situations or contacts. The heart rate, temperature and the humidity level, GPS position should be constantly monitored in the desired situations to provide quick and active medical or tactical support in case of any kind of emergency. We have proposed a wireless system that will be capable of collecting the vitals and the position of the soldier and send the data directly to a base station for monitoring. The system consists of several sensors for the data acquisition, NavIC as the tracking unit, Cortex M4 as the controlling unit and LoRaWAN-02module as the networking unit. In this paper, we will be discussing implementations, methodologies, architectures and the enhancements of the application of Soldier health monitoring and tracking systems
{"title":"Soldier Strap For Health Monitoring And Tracking A Proposed Solution","authors":"Rahul S G, Rajnikant Kushwaha, Sayantan Bhattacharjee, Agniv Aditya, K. S. Reddy, Durri Shahwar","doi":"10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696714","url":null,"abstract":"Information and data are two key factors that affect the successful completion of a military operation or military patrols. Along with the ground intelligence, monitoring the health and the position of a soldier plays a crucial role during any active situations or contacts. The heart rate, temperature and the humidity level, GPS position should be constantly monitored in the desired situations to provide quick and active medical or tactical support in case of any kind of emergency. We have proposed a wireless system that will be capable of collecting the vitals and the position of the soldier and send the data directly to a base station for monitoring. The system consists of several sensors for the data acquisition, NavIC as the tracking unit, Cortex M4 as the controlling unit and LoRaWAN-02module as the networking unit. In this paper, we will be discussing implementations, methodologies, architectures and the enhancements of the application of Soldier health monitoring and tracking systems","PeriodicalId":335956,"journal":{"name":"2021 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT)","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116544928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-27DOI: 10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696809
Muskaan Arora, B. Nikhil, R. Munipalle, Jishu Mary Gomez, Prabhakar Karthikeyan Shanmugam
Electric vehicles are becoming immensely popular as a sustainable means of transport. Due to this expansion, the need to charge these vehicles will also grow and a sufficient number of charging stations need to be established. This puts forward additional challenges to the stability of the grid. Replicating dozens of charging stations with the physical constraints of the city presents itself as a complex problem. Manual and intuitive solution will fall short in satisfying the parameters and optimizing investment and maximizes benefits. A data-driven, research-backed and mathematical optimization-based solution is needed which will account for multiple realistic scenarios and come up with the best possible recommendation. This paper focuses on a method to enable smart charging to reduce infrastructural costs and consumer level costs. The methodology helps to flatten load in distribution networks, minimize losses in transmission, reduces phase imbalances and maximizes consumption of renewables.
{"title":"Dynamic Charge Allocation of Electric Vehicles Using V2X Communication","authors":"Muskaan Arora, B. Nikhil, R. Munipalle, Jishu Mary Gomez, Prabhakar Karthikeyan Shanmugam","doi":"10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696809","url":null,"abstract":"Electric vehicles are becoming immensely popular as a sustainable means of transport. Due to this expansion, the need to charge these vehicles will also grow and a sufficient number of charging stations need to be established. This puts forward additional challenges to the stability of the grid. Replicating dozens of charging stations with the physical constraints of the city presents itself as a complex problem. Manual and intuitive solution will fall short in satisfying the parameters and optimizing investment and maximizes benefits. A data-driven, research-backed and mathematical optimization-based solution is needed which will account for multiple realistic scenarios and come up with the best possible recommendation. This paper focuses on a method to enable smart charging to reduce infrastructural costs and consumer level costs. The methodology helps to flatten load in distribution networks, minimize losses in transmission, reduces phase imbalances and maximizes consumption of renewables.","PeriodicalId":335956,"journal":{"name":"2021 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122296783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-27DOI: 10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696479
Patel Darsh Devangbhai, Akshat H. Mutta, Arnav V. Jain, Tanmay Motharkar, R. R. Singh
The wind energy industries adapt doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) for their dynamic performance and cost-effectiveness. Despite the relative robustness of this machine, it undergoes several faults that decrease its performance. In this paper, an electromechanical analysis is performed on the DFIG, operating under air-gap eccentricity fault and rotor single phasing fault using Ansys Maxwell software. The eccentricity fault and single phasing fault are formed in Ansys Maxwell at distinct levels and phases. Under these fault conditions, the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the generator, such as torque, rpm, stator currents, and flux, are studied and compared to the stable generator The loss effects of these abnormalities on various generator elements, such as the core and windings, are analyzed and reported. These analyses will help us to examine the dynamic behavior of DFIG under rotor single phasing and air-gap eccentricity faults. This analysis will help the designers to build a robust system.
{"title":"Electromechanical Analysis of DFIG under Single Phasing Fault and Air-Gap Eccentricity Fault","authors":"Patel Darsh Devangbhai, Akshat H. Mutta, Arnav V. Jain, Tanmay Motharkar, R. R. Singh","doi":"10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696479","url":null,"abstract":"The wind energy industries adapt doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) for their dynamic performance and cost-effectiveness. Despite the relative robustness of this machine, it undergoes several faults that decrease its performance. In this paper, an electromechanical analysis is performed on the DFIG, operating under air-gap eccentricity fault and rotor single phasing fault using Ansys Maxwell software. The eccentricity fault and single phasing fault are formed in Ansys Maxwell at distinct levels and phases. Under these fault conditions, the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the generator, such as torque, rpm, stator currents, and flux, are studied and compared to the stable generator The loss effects of these abnormalities on various generator elements, such as the core and windings, are analyzed and reported. These analyses will help us to examine the dynamic behavior of DFIG under rotor single phasing and air-gap eccentricity faults. This analysis will help the designers to build a robust system.","PeriodicalId":335956,"journal":{"name":"2021 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122945402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A modified flip flop for high speed and low power digital applications is designed. The proposed less delay circuit shared static flip flop (LDCS2FF) includes five number of NOR gates and back-to-back inverters. The inverter is given with a clock signal and the following signal is given as input to the NOR gates. The proposed LDCS2FF is a master slave flip flop act as a storage element. The proposed LDCS2FF is simulated on Synopsys tool HSPICE under 32 nm BSIM4 model card for bulk CMOS technology of PTM model. The proposed LDCS2FF as 24 transistors with delay of 0.3 ns at 1 V applied voltage and power dissipation of $59.6 mumathrm{W}$ at 0.8 V applied voltage.
{"title":"Low Power and Less Delay Circuit Shared Static Flip-Flop (LDCSSFF) for Digital Applications","authors":"Prakash Jogi, Rajini Karanam, G. Ravikishore, Ravikiran Biroju, Rajini Akula, Umarani Kunsoth","doi":"10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696452","url":null,"abstract":"A modified flip flop for high speed and low power digital applications is designed. The proposed less delay circuit shared static flip flop (LDCS2FF) includes five number of NOR gates and back-to-back inverters. The inverter is given with a clock signal and the following signal is given as input to the NOR gates. The proposed LDCS2FF is a master slave flip flop act as a storage element. The proposed LDCS2FF is simulated on Synopsys tool HSPICE under 32 nm BSIM4 model card for bulk CMOS technology of PTM model. The proposed LDCS2FF as 24 transistors with delay of 0.3 ns at 1 V applied voltage and power dissipation of $59.6 mumathrm{W}$ at 0.8 V applied voltage.","PeriodicalId":335956,"journal":{"name":"2021 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117027860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The need for a shift in transportation towards emission-free alternatives has never been more pronounced. EV adoption is interdependent on available charging infrastructure and its management. EV charge scheduling is one such management technique. This paper presents a comprehensive discussion on the existing EV scheduling techniques. In order to efficiently solve the problem of EV charging schedules, the Game theory is introduced, and schedules prepared using different types of games are discussed.
{"title":"Game Theory based EV Charge Scheduling: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Zaid Siddique, Supriya Jaiswal, Vaibhav Chaturvedi, Ankur Maheshwari","doi":"10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696445","url":null,"abstract":"The need for a shift in transportation towards emission-free alternatives has never been more pronounced. EV adoption is interdependent on available charging infrastructure and its management. EV charge scheduling is one such management technique. This paper presents a comprehensive discussion on the existing EV scheduling techniques. In order to efficiently solve the problem of EV charging schedules, the Game theory is introduced, and schedules prepared using different types of games are discussed.","PeriodicalId":335956,"journal":{"name":"2021 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117031306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-27DOI: 10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696463
S. Shanmugam, Lakshmanan S A, P. Dhanasekaran, P. Mahalakshmi, A. Sharmila
The implicit message is usually brought to the spectators through activities involving various body parts like hands, face and arms. This is prominently known as Gesture and many such gestures are generally performed through hands in an involuntary manner. Smartness is to keep tabs on these hand gestures and derive purposeful details out of it. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) track these complex movements and help in extracting prime features. In this paper, training and testing were done consecutively with the aid of images to check the effectiveness of CNN and results are presented.
{"title":"Hand Gesture Recognition using Convolutional Neural Network","authors":"S. Shanmugam, Lakshmanan S A, P. Dhanasekaran, P. Mahalakshmi, A. Sharmila","doi":"10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696463","url":null,"abstract":"The implicit message is usually brought to the spectators through activities involving various body parts like hands, face and arms. This is prominently known as Gesture and many such gestures are generally performed through hands in an involuntary manner. Smartness is to keep tabs on these hand gestures and derive purposeful details out of it. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) track these complex movements and help in extracting prime features. In this paper, training and testing were done consecutively with the aid of images to check the effectiveness of CNN and results are presented.","PeriodicalId":335956,"journal":{"name":"2021 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129746503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-27DOI: 10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696750
Bairabathina Saikumar, B. S
In most cases, battery-powered electric vehicles rely heavily on the available power system for their battery charging. This leads to excessive stress on the distribution network of the power system. From the name, grid-independent hybrid electric vehicles run independently by utilizing multiple renewable energy resources by forming hybrid energy systems. In this paper, a dual-input single-output (DISO) non-isolated dc-dc converter with high step-up voltage magnitude is presented for GIHEVs (grid-independent hybrid electric vehicles). Additionally, to improve the output voltage magnitude, voltage multiplier (VM) stages are used with help of diode-capacitor (D-C) combination. Because of this converter, GIHEVs benefit from a minimalist structure, fewer switches, light-weight, high gain, minimal voltage stress, and greater efficiency. To clarify the converter functioning, we stroll via the modelling of a 1000W dual-input single-output model and, also concentrate on the losses and efficiency computations. The fuel cell source of 36V and solar source of 48V is chosen to design the system of 1000W. We uphold the converter design and performance with MATLAB/Simulink model that validates the mathematical computations.
{"title":"Dual-Input Single-Output Non-Isolated DC-DC Converter for GIHEVs","authors":"Bairabathina Saikumar, B. S","doi":"10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696750","url":null,"abstract":"In most cases, battery-powered electric vehicles rely heavily on the available power system for their battery charging. This leads to excessive stress on the distribution network of the power system. From the name, grid-independent hybrid electric vehicles run independently by utilizing multiple renewable energy resources by forming hybrid energy systems. In this paper, a dual-input single-output (DISO) non-isolated dc-dc converter with high step-up voltage magnitude is presented for GIHEVs (grid-independent hybrid electric vehicles). Additionally, to improve the output voltage magnitude, voltage multiplier (VM) stages are used with help of diode-capacitor (D-C) combination. Because of this converter, GIHEVs benefit from a minimalist structure, fewer switches, light-weight, high gain, minimal voltage stress, and greater efficiency. To clarify the converter functioning, we stroll via the modelling of a 1000W dual-input single-output model and, also concentrate on the losses and efficiency computations. The fuel cell source of 36V and solar source of 48V is chosen to design the system of 1000W. We uphold the converter design and performance with MATLAB/Simulink model that validates the mathematical computations.","PeriodicalId":335956,"journal":{"name":"2021 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129653332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-27DOI: 10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696867
G. Muthuselvi, B. Saravanan
This paper proposes curbing peak demand during peak periods using consumer's priority-based load shifting. The response behaviour of each participant in DR is the vital factor of a successful solution to Demand-side management (DSM) problems in the power system. It provides consumption cost savings and smart utilization of electricity. Shifting techniques are the solution that improves the participation factor of the consumer in the DR program and is achieved by making bi-level communication between utility and Consumer. ToU (Time of Use) dynamic pricing schemes are considered for the analysis. Adaptive Differential Evolution Algorithm (ADEA) is used for the optimal scheduling of shiftable appliances efficiently.
{"title":"Priority-based Residential Demand Side Management in Smart Grid Using ToU Pricing","authors":"G. Muthuselvi, B. Saravanan","doi":"10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696867","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes curbing peak demand during peak periods using consumer's priority-based load shifting. The response behaviour of each participant in DR is the vital factor of a successful solution to Demand-side management (DSM) problems in the power system. It provides consumption cost savings and smart utilization of electricity. Shifting techniques are the solution that improves the participation factor of the consumer in the DR program and is achieved by making bi-level communication between utility and Consumer. ToU (Time of Use) dynamic pricing schemes are considered for the analysis. Adaptive Differential Evolution Algorithm (ADEA) is used for the optimal scheduling of shiftable appliances efficiently.","PeriodicalId":335956,"journal":{"name":"2021 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123366884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-27DOI: 10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696854
N. R. Krishnamoorthy, K. Indira, D. Marshiana, T. M. Delsy
Underwater Acoustic Communication (UAC) is a rapidly growing area in the field of research and engineering. It provide performance enhancement for various underwater applications such as climate monitoring, pollution control, gathering of scientific data, deep sea exploration, etc. However, it is much more challenging to communicate in water medium than in air medium. The reverberation effect in the UAC channel causes multipath effects results in larger delay spread. Moreover, the UAC channel undergoes rapid temporal and spatial variation and it poses a great challenge for high data rate communication. The various techniques that are used at radio frequencies do not work in the UAC channel. This is one of the foremost reasons for low data rate and short range communication. To deal with the highly dispersive and time varying characteristics of UAC channel, coherent single carrier modulation can be applied along with the decision feedback equalizer. As the symbol rate increases, the frequency selectivity of the channel leads to high BER. To overcome this, a multicarrier modulation scheme can be used. To achieve a reliable wireless communication in the air medium, Electromagnetic (EM) waves can be used. These waves have been used extensively for long-range communication. For water medium, propagation of EM waves are of not much use. Moreover, these waves can travel only few meters and attenuated more for long range. Another important issue in underwater communication is the validation of data. In this article, a real time simulation toolbox, WATERMARK tool is illustrated clearly to understand about the toolbox and how it can be used for the validation of data in the real time scenario. Three different modulation scheme was applied for the simulation purpose and its Bit Error Rate was compared.
{"title":"WATERMARK - Simulation Toolbox to Validate the Test Signal in Underwater Wireless Communication","authors":"N. R. Krishnamoorthy, K. Indira, D. Marshiana, T. M. Delsy","doi":"10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696854","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater Acoustic Communication (UAC) is a rapidly growing area in the field of research and engineering. It provide performance enhancement for various underwater applications such as climate monitoring, pollution control, gathering of scientific data, deep sea exploration, etc. However, it is much more challenging to communicate in water medium than in air medium. The reverberation effect in the UAC channel causes multipath effects results in larger delay spread. Moreover, the UAC channel undergoes rapid temporal and spatial variation and it poses a great challenge for high data rate communication. The various techniques that are used at radio frequencies do not work in the UAC channel. This is one of the foremost reasons for low data rate and short range communication. To deal with the highly dispersive and time varying characteristics of UAC channel, coherent single carrier modulation can be applied along with the decision feedback equalizer. As the symbol rate increases, the frequency selectivity of the channel leads to high BER. To overcome this, a multicarrier modulation scheme can be used. To achieve a reliable wireless communication in the air medium, Electromagnetic (EM) waves can be used. These waves have been used extensively for long-range communication. For water medium, propagation of EM waves are of not much use. Moreover, these waves can travel only few meters and attenuated more for long range. Another important issue in underwater communication is the validation of data. In this article, a real time simulation toolbox, WATERMARK tool is illustrated clearly to understand about the toolbox and how it can be used for the validation of data in the real time scenario. Three different modulation scheme was applied for the simulation purpose and its Bit Error Rate was compared.","PeriodicalId":335956,"journal":{"name":"2021 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT)","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126398211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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