This study has started with the foresight that in today's world where economies are intertwined like a spiral on the international level, organic organization structures can lead organizations to become more resilient by providing more effective knowledge management. Although the effect of knowledge management on organizational resilience has been discussed in the international literature, what makes this study different from previous studies is the inclusion of organizational structure in the research. In this context, the main question of the research is whether different organizational structures have an effect on knowledge management and organizational resilience. Turkey's top 500 and second 500 industrial companies, prepared by the Istanbul Chamber of Industry, constitute the population of the research. The survey method was conducted with 246 middle or top level managers of the relevant companies. Results suggest that (i) organic organizational structures positively affect knowledge management processes (ii) knowledge management and organic organizational structures positively affect organizational resilience (iii) knowledge management partially mediates the association between organic organizational structures and organizational resilience. This paper offers new empirical evidence which bolsters the notion that organic organizational structures and knowledge management are important for optimizing organizational resilience. Moreover, the interference between organizational structure, knowledge management, and resilience has been founded which may be a base for a new theory about the survival of businesses.
{"title":"Örgüt Yapısına Göre Bilgi Yönetimi ve Örgütsel Dayanıklılık İlişkisi","authors":"Hatice ÇOBAN KUMBALI, Ayşe İrmi̇ş","doi":"10.24988/ije.1173069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1173069","url":null,"abstract":"This study has started with the foresight that in today's world where economies are intertwined like a spiral on the international level, organic organization structures can lead organizations to become more resilient by providing more effective knowledge management. Although the effect of knowledge management on organizational resilience has been discussed in the international literature, what makes this study different from previous studies is the inclusion of organizational structure in the research. In this context, the main question of the research is whether different organizational structures have an effect on knowledge management and organizational resilience. Turkey's top 500 and second 500 industrial companies, prepared by the Istanbul Chamber of Industry, constitute the population of the research. The survey method was conducted with 246 middle or top level managers of the relevant companies. Results suggest that (i) organic organizational structures positively affect knowledge management processes (ii) knowledge management and organic organizational structures positively affect organizational resilience (iii) knowledge management partially mediates the association between organic organizational structures and organizational resilience. This paper offers new empirical evidence which bolsters the notion that organic organizational structures and knowledge management are important for optimizing organizational resilience. Moreover, the interference between organizational structure, knowledge management, and resilience has been founded which may be a base for a new theory about the survival of businesses.","PeriodicalId":33605,"journal":{"name":"Izmir Iktisat Dergisi","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69306701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, the consequences of globalization and global developments in an area or around the world have harmed monetary transmission channels, creating an axis shift and diminishing the efficiency of monetary policy instruments. There is significant evidence about the influence of foreign monetary policy transfer on the excess supply of credit, according to studies on the subject. As a result, dynamically unbundling different monetary policy channels or comparing the outcomes of various policies is regarded as a crucial observation. The efficiency of the interest rate channel of the monetary transmission mechanism is explored in this study using annual data from the IMF and World Bank databases for the countries included in the MSCI emerging markets index for the years 1995 to 2021. In the study, panel unit root tests, panel cointegration tests with structural breaks, and panel causality tests developed by Kónya (2006) were applied to the variables determined to contain cross-sectional dependence. Within the framework of the panel VAR model established in line with the results obtained from these tests, the efficiency of the interest channel was investigated with the impulse-response functions and variance decomposition methods. While interest rate shocks have no statistically significant impact on loans, they do have a beneficial impact on inflation in the first two years and a negative impact in the subsequent years (up to the 6th year). In conclusion, the findings of this analysis suggest that, while shock rises in interest rates have a modest influence on the gross domestic product, they do promote, albeit slightly, the drop in the inflation rate.
{"title":"The Efficiency of The Interest Channel in The Context of Monetary Policy in Developed Countries","authors":"Taner Taş, K. Yilmaz","doi":"10.24988/ije.1103603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1103603","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the consequences of globalization and global developments in an area or around the world have harmed monetary transmission channels, creating an axis shift and diminishing the efficiency of monetary policy instruments. There is significant evidence about the influence of foreign monetary policy transfer on the excess supply of credit, according to studies on the subject. As a result, dynamically unbundling different monetary policy channels or comparing the outcomes of various policies is regarded as a crucial observation. The efficiency of the interest rate channel of the monetary transmission mechanism is explored in this study using annual data from the IMF and World Bank databases for the countries included in the MSCI emerging markets index for the years 1995 to 2021. In the study, panel unit root tests, panel cointegration tests with structural breaks, and panel causality tests developed by Kónya (2006) were applied to the variables determined to contain cross-sectional dependence. Within the framework of the panel VAR model established in line with the results obtained from these tests, the efficiency of the interest channel was investigated with the impulse-response functions and variance decomposition methods. While interest rate shocks have no statistically significant impact on loans, they do have a beneficial impact on inflation in the first two years and a negative impact in the subsequent years (up to the 6th year). In conclusion, the findings of this analysis suggest that, while shock rises in interest rates have a modest influence on the gross domestic product, they do promote, albeit slightly, the drop in the inflation rate.","PeriodicalId":33605,"journal":{"name":"Izmir Iktisat Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69306941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Economic growth is one of the basic objectives of countries' economic programs, which is influenced by various factors such as the amount of capital available. Attracting capital and foreign direct investment is an important way to accelerate the economy towards development and job creation, which can be considered an engine of economic growth and development. Considering the special importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) in economic growth, this article examines the impact of FDI on economic growth. For this purpose, the data of some countries in the Middle East and North Africa (Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Jordan, Tunisia, Iran, Turkey, and Yemen) were selected for the period from 1980 to 2020. A second-generation panel cointegration method was used to achieve the study's objective. According to the results, the impact of FDI on economic growth in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey, and Yemen during the study period is positive and statistically significant. In Jordan and Iran, FDI was found to have no impact on economic growth. Moreover, the impact of capital stock and labor on the economic growth of member countries is positive and significant, except in Tunisia, Egypt, Jordan, and Yemen.
{"title":"The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in the MENA Region","authors":"F. Ebghaei","doi":"10.24988/ije.1130692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1130692","url":null,"abstract":"Economic growth is one of the basic objectives of countries' economic programs, which is influenced by various factors such as the amount of capital available. Attracting capital and foreign direct investment is an important way to accelerate the economy towards development and job creation, which can be considered an engine of economic growth and development. Considering the special importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) in economic growth, this article examines the impact of FDI on economic growth. For this purpose, the data of some countries in the Middle East and North Africa (Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Jordan, Tunisia, Iran, Turkey, and Yemen) were selected for the period from 1980 to 2020. A second-generation panel cointegration method was used to achieve the study's objective. According to the results, the impact of FDI on economic growth in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey, and Yemen during the study period is positive and statistically significant. In Jordan and Iran, FDI was found to have no impact on economic growth. Moreover, the impact of capital stock and labor on the economic growth of member countries is positive and significant, except in Tunisia, Egypt, Jordan, and Yemen.","PeriodicalId":33605,"journal":{"name":"Izmir Iktisat Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69307036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"SMEs" are economic units or enterprises that employ less than 250 people and have a net revenue or balance sheet of less than 250 billion TL. According to the data for 2020, 99.76% of all firms operating in Turkey are SMEs. Moreover, 72% of all workers in Turkey work there, and they produce 42.75% of all production. This means that SMEs are an engine of the production and economy of Turkey. This study considers the relationship between SME loans and economic growth with the quarterly data from 2007 - 2021. GDP was employed as the dependent variable, while total SME loans in the banking sector in Turkey, other loans, the weighted average interest rate for banks' TL commercial loans, and the financial development rate were employed as independent variables. The method employed in the study is the Robust Least Square Method S-Estimation, as extreme conditions and outliers exist during the study period (e.g., the Global Crisis and COVID-19 Pandemic). A dummy variable was added to the model for these conditions. The analysis results show a positive and statistically meaningful relationship between SME loans and economic growth. Similarly, the relationship between GDP and other loans is positive and statistically meaningful. Moreover, the financial development's relationship with GDP is also statistically meaningful but in a negative direction. These argumentative findings are also reflected in the literature as well. The relationship between GDP and credit interest rate is negative and statistically meaningful. While the negative relationship between the dummy variable and GDP indicates that Global Crisis and COVID-19 Pandemic influenced the economy negatively, the positive relationship between GDP and SME loans indicates that SMEs need to be supported, and it is useful and productive for the Turkish economy.
{"title":"Türkiye’de Kobi Kredileri ve Büyüme İlişkisi (2007-2021)","authors":"Sultan Sari","doi":"10.24988/ije.1136833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1136833","url":null,"abstract":"\"SMEs\" are economic units or enterprises that employ less than 250 people and have a net revenue or balance sheet of less than 250 billion TL. According to the data for 2020, 99.76% of all firms operating in Turkey are SMEs. Moreover, 72% of all workers in Turkey work there, and they produce 42.75% of all production. This means that SMEs are an engine of the production and economy of Turkey. This study considers the relationship between SME loans and economic growth with the quarterly data from 2007 - 2021. GDP was employed as the dependent variable, while total SME loans in the banking sector in Turkey, other loans, the weighted average interest rate for banks' TL commercial loans, and the financial development rate were employed as independent variables. The method employed in the study is the Robust Least Square Method S-Estimation, as extreme conditions and outliers exist during the study period (e.g., the Global Crisis and COVID-19 Pandemic). A dummy variable was added to the model for these conditions. The analysis results show a positive and statistically meaningful relationship between SME loans and economic growth. Similarly, the relationship between GDP and other loans is positive and statistically meaningful. Moreover, the financial development's relationship with GDP is also statistically meaningful but in a negative direction. These argumentative findings are also reflected in the literature as well. The relationship between GDP and credit interest rate is negative and statistically meaningful. While the negative relationship between the dummy variable and GDP indicates that Global Crisis and COVID-19 Pandemic influenced the economy negatively, the positive relationship between GDP and SME loans indicates that SMEs need to be supported, and it is useful and productive for the Turkish economy.","PeriodicalId":33605,"journal":{"name":"Izmir Iktisat Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69307050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable energy capacity, agricultural sector GDP, and agricultural employment in Indonesia experienced a downward trend from 1990 to 2019. This trend negatively impacts Indonesia’s target to utilize renewable energy as its energy source, employment in the agricultural sector, and the importance of agriculture to the Indonesian economy. Based on these issues, this research examined the impact of renewable energy usage and agricultural sector GDP on the employment rate of the agricultural sector by implementing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. According to empirical findings, total renewable energy supply improves agricultural sector employment in the short and long run; however, agricultural sector GDP improves employment only in the short run and negatively impacts the long run. It suggests that renewable energy has the potency to enhance agricultural employment. The use of renewable energy is expected to be a solution for the decrease in employment in the agricultural sector along with the GDP decrease. Governments can make sure that all funds allocated to an agroecological program or policy are used to increase agricultural renewable energy use. Renewable energy regulations should be assessed based on their ability to reduce pollution while also ensuring a reliable energy supply for the agricultural sector at an affordable price.
{"title":"Endonezya'da Tarımın Yenilenebilir Enerji ve GSYİH Payının Artırılması: Tarım Sektörü İstihdamı Üzerindeki Etkilerin Analizi","authors":"Hilmy Pri̇lli̇adi̇","doi":"10.24988/ije.1122446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1122446","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy capacity, agricultural sector GDP, and agricultural employment in Indonesia experienced a downward trend from 1990 to 2019. This trend negatively impacts Indonesia’s target to utilize renewable energy as its energy source, employment in the agricultural sector, and the importance of agriculture to the Indonesian economy. Based on these issues, this research examined the impact of renewable energy usage and agricultural sector GDP on the employment rate of the agricultural sector by implementing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. According to empirical findings, total renewable energy supply improves agricultural sector employment in the short and long run; however, agricultural sector GDP improves employment only in the short run and negatively impacts the long run. It suggests that renewable energy has the potency to enhance agricultural employment. The use of renewable energy is expected to be a solution for the decrease in employment in the agricultural sector along with the GDP decrease. Governments can make sure that all funds allocated to an agroecological program or policy are used to increase agricultural renewable energy use. Renewable energy regulations should be assessed based on their ability to reduce pollution while also ensuring a reliable energy supply for the agricultural sector at an affordable price.","PeriodicalId":33605,"journal":{"name":"Izmir Iktisat Dergisi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47528105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technology, the internet, and demographic change have started a rapid transformation in the financial services sector. The widespread use of innovation and technology in financial services in social and economic areas made these services more effective and companies called Fintech have emerged important economic actors. The Fintech sector has generated changes in the traditional financial service understanding and the delivery of these services. In this area, Fintech companies are developing new financial business models with the help of the latest technological developments and offering innovative financial products and services such as payment services, asset management, and insurance services. This study investigates, the relationship between GDP and Fintech investment using panel causality methods from 2014Q1 to 2020Q4 for eight high-income countries: The United States, United Kingdom, Singapore, Australia, Canada, Germany, Israel, and France. The results indicate the existence of cross-sectional dependence among countries. According to Westerlund’s panel cointegration test results, a cointegration relationship between two variables has been found in the long run. In the short run, panel Granger causality variables have been found only in Germany. We find a positive effect of Fintech investment on GDP in seven countries, and we see a negative relationship in Singapore.
{"title":"FinTech Investment and GDP Relationship: An Empirical Study for High Income Countries","authors":"İlayda İSABETLİ FİDAN, Tuğba Güz","doi":"10.24988/ije.1108674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1108674","url":null,"abstract":"Technology, the internet, and demographic change have started a rapid transformation in the financial services sector. The widespread use of innovation and technology in financial services in social and economic areas made these services more effective and companies called Fintech have emerged important economic actors. The Fintech sector has generated changes in the traditional financial service understanding and the delivery of these services. In this area, Fintech companies are developing new financial business models with the help of the latest technological developments and offering innovative financial products and services such as payment services, asset management, and insurance services. \u0000This study investigates, the relationship between GDP and Fintech investment using panel causality methods from 2014Q1 to 2020Q4 for eight high-income countries: The United States, United Kingdom, Singapore, Australia, Canada, Germany, Israel, and France. The results indicate the existence of cross-sectional dependence among countries. According to Westerlund’s panel cointegration test results, a cointegration relationship between two variables has been found in the long run. In the short run, panel Granger causality variables have been found only in Germany. We find a positive effect of Fintech investment on GDP in seven countries, and we see a negative relationship in Singapore.","PeriodicalId":33605,"journal":{"name":"Izmir Iktisat Dergisi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48245367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bu çalışmanın amacı, yeşil açıklık endeksinin çevresel iyileşmeler üzerinde etkili olup olmadığını sorgulamaktır. Yeşil açıklık endeksi yeşil ürünleri dış ticaret bağlamında ayrıştırması bakımından hem dış ticaret hem de çevre literatüründe yeni bir değişkendir. Çalışma bu yönüyle literatürde ilk olma özelliği taşımaktadır. 2003-2016 dönemini kapsayan çalışma sofistike ürünler üretme potansiyeli yüksek olan ülkeleri incelemektedir. Yeşil ürünler gerek üretim gerekse ticaret esnasında bir takım kısıtlayıcı ve ekonomik maliyet gerektirir. Bu bağlamda düşünüldüğünde bu ürünlerin ticareti ve üretimi noktasında belirli bir ekonomik ve sosyal olgunluğa erişmiş ülekerin incelenmesi daha sağlıklı sonuçlar verir. Bu şarrtlar altında ülke grubu olarak IMF listesine göre gelişmiş ülkeler seçilmiş olup ampirik analize bu ülkeler dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmanın ampirik analizi ise panel eşbütünleşme analizleri yardımıyla yapılmış olup analiz neticesinde değişkenlerin eş bütünleşik oldukları tespit edilmştir. Modelin uzun dönem katsayıları da FMOLS, PMG ve MG ile tahmin edilmiş olup çalışma sonucunda EKC hipotezinin geçerli olduğu ve ayrıca yeşil açıklığın çevresel iyileşmeler üzerinde olumlu yönde etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Bir diğer deyişle yeşil açıklığın karbon emisyonlarını azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu önemli bulgu ülkelerin yeşil ürünlere yönelmek suretiyle çevresel bozulmaları azaltacağı şeklinde yorumlanmıştır.
这项工作的目的是询问绿色能源是否受到环境改善的影响。绿色光污染是对外贸易和环境文献在对外贸易中分享绿色产品方面的一个新变化。这样一来，文学的第一个特点就是运动。2003-2016年，Work精密产品正在探索具有高生产潜力的国家。如果绿色产品需要生产，那么在贸易过程中，团队需要受到限制，并且经济上可以负担得起。仔细想想，这些产品将对那些在贸易和生产方面已经达到一定经济和社会成熟度的国家进行更健康的研究。Buşarrtlar altındaülke grubu olarak国际货币基金组织名单上的göre gelişmişürkeler seçilmişolup ampirik分析了Buühleler dahil edilmiştir。这项工作的实验分析是使用面板集成分析进行的，结果分析了变化是如何集成的。由于模型的长期乘法，用FMOLS、PMG和MG预测了EKC假说，绿色解释对环境改善是积极的。换句话说，绿色解释已经被确定为减少碳排放。值得注意的是，这些重要的大宗商品国家将以绿色产品的形式减少环境干扰。
{"title":"Yeşil Açıklığın Çevresel Bozulma Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi","authors":"İhsan Güzel, İhsan Oluç","doi":"10.24988/ije.1068476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1068476","url":null,"abstract":"Bu çalışmanın amacı, yeşil açıklık endeksinin çevresel iyileşmeler üzerinde etkili olup olmadığını sorgulamaktır. Yeşil açıklık endeksi yeşil ürünleri dış ticaret bağlamında ayrıştırması bakımından hem dış ticaret hem de çevre literatüründe yeni bir değişkendir. Çalışma bu yönüyle literatürde ilk olma özelliği taşımaktadır. 2003-2016 dönemini kapsayan çalışma sofistike ürünler üretme potansiyeli yüksek olan ülkeleri incelemektedir. Yeşil ürünler gerek üretim gerekse ticaret esnasında bir takım kısıtlayıcı ve ekonomik maliyet gerektirir. Bu bağlamda düşünüldüğünde bu ürünlerin ticareti ve üretimi noktasında belirli bir ekonomik ve sosyal olgunluğa erişmiş ülekerin incelenmesi daha sağlıklı sonuçlar verir. Bu şarrtlar altında ülke grubu olarak IMF listesine göre gelişmiş ülkeler seçilmiş olup ampirik analize bu ülkeler dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmanın ampirik analizi ise panel eşbütünleşme analizleri yardımıyla yapılmış olup analiz neticesinde değişkenlerin eş bütünleşik oldukları tespit edilmştir. Modelin uzun dönem katsayıları da FMOLS, PMG ve MG ile tahmin edilmiş olup çalışma sonucunda EKC hipotezinin geçerli olduğu ve ayrıca yeşil açıklığın çevresel iyileşmeler üzerinde olumlu yönde etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Bir diğer deyişle yeşil açıklığın karbon emisyonlarını azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu önemli bulgu ülkelerin yeşil ürünlere yönelmek suretiyle çevresel bozulmaları azaltacağı şeklinde yorumlanmıştır.","PeriodicalId":33605,"journal":{"name":"Izmir Iktisat Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69306667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Consumption is an indispensable element for the continuity of human life. From the past to the present, quite different meanings have been attributed to consumption. Consumption, which is the act of consuming in its simplest form, is a way of life on its own today and is considered a social phenomenon. Therefore, consumption constitutes the research topic of different disciplines, from economics to psychology In this context, the relationship between consumption and different sciences such as sociology, anthropology, archeology in the axis of economy-culture interaction is included in the study, and the sociality of consumption is examined within the scope of the culture industry, consumer society, and consumption culture. Consumption is much more than an economic behavior; It was concluded that the economy-culture relationship radically changed the conceptual and social meaning of consumption.
{"title":"Tüketimin Toplumsallığı: Ekonomi-Kültür Etkileşimi Kapsamında Bir Bakış","authors":"Sevim Dilekoğlu","doi":"10.24988/ije.1088271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1088271","url":null,"abstract":"Consumption is an indispensable element for the continuity of human life. From the past to the present, quite different meanings have been attributed to consumption. Consumption, which is the act of consuming in its simplest form, is a way of life on its own today and is considered a social phenomenon. Therefore, consumption constitutes the research topic of different disciplines, from economics to psychology In this context, the relationship between consumption and different sciences such as sociology, anthropology, archeology in the axis of economy-culture interaction is included in the study, and the sociality of consumption is examined within the scope of the culture industry, consumer society, and consumption culture. Consumption is much more than an economic behavior; It was concluded that the economy-culture relationship radically changed the conceptual and social meaning of consumption.","PeriodicalId":33605,"journal":{"name":"Izmir Iktisat Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69306807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Performans değerlendirmesi, tüm sektörlerde olduğu gibi sigorta sektöründe faaliyet gösteren şirketlerin de hedeflerinin değerlendirilmesini esas almaktadır. Bu değerlendirmelerde sıklıkla istatistiksel ve ekonometrik modeller ile çok kriterli karar verme teknikleri kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, hayat dışı sigorta şirketlerinin finansal performans değerlendirilmesinde optimal yöntemin belirlenmesi ve yöntemin seçimi hususunda karar noktası oluşturmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Critic ile ağırlıklandırılmış Topsis ve Mabac yöntemleri ile hayat dışı sigorta şirketlerinin 2014-2020 dönemi itibarıyla performans analizi yapılmış, korelasyon analizi ile yöntem sonuçları arasındaki ilişki incelenerek optimal yöntem belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, Türkiye'deki hayat dışı sigorta şirketlerinde sermaye yeterliliği, karlılık, faaliyet riski ve aktif kalitesini temsil eden oranlardan oluşan kriterler ile elde edilen Topsis ve Mabac finansal performans sıralamaları arasında pozitif bir ilişki vardır. Sektörel analiz yapanların performans değerlendirilmesinde optimal yöntemin belirlenmesi noktasında dikkate almaları gereken temel çıkarım, yöntemlerin benzer sonuçlar ortaya çıkarmakta olmasıdır.
{"title":"Evaluation of Topsis and Mabac Methods in Financial Performance Analysis of Non-Life Insurance Companies","authors":"Gülay ÇİZGİCİ AKYÜZ","doi":"10.24988/ije.1017854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1017854","url":null,"abstract":"Performans değerlendirmesi, tüm sektörlerde olduğu gibi sigorta sektöründe faaliyet gösteren şirketlerin de hedeflerinin değerlendirilmesini esas almaktadır. Bu değerlendirmelerde sıklıkla istatistiksel ve ekonometrik modeller ile çok kriterli karar verme teknikleri kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, hayat dışı sigorta şirketlerinin finansal performans değerlendirilmesinde optimal yöntemin belirlenmesi ve yöntemin seçimi hususunda karar noktası oluşturmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Critic ile ağırlıklandırılmış Topsis ve Mabac yöntemleri ile hayat dışı sigorta şirketlerinin 2014-2020 dönemi itibarıyla performans analizi yapılmış, korelasyon analizi ile yöntem sonuçları arasındaki ilişki incelenerek optimal yöntem belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, Türkiye'deki hayat dışı sigorta şirketlerinde sermaye yeterliliği, karlılık, faaliyet riski ve aktif kalitesini temsil eden oranlardan oluşan kriterler ile elde edilen Topsis ve Mabac finansal performans sıralamaları arasında pozitif bir ilişki vardır. Sektörel analiz yapanların performans değerlendirilmesinde optimal yöntemin belirlenmesi noktasında dikkate almaları gereken temel çıkarım, yöntemlerin benzer sonuçlar ortaya çıkarmakta olmasıdır.","PeriodicalId":33605,"journal":{"name":"Izmir Iktisat Dergisi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47199293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yer temelli bir olgu olan turizmde yerli halk-turist etkileşimi kaçınılmazdır. Destinasyondaki sosyo-kültürel çekicilikleri yaratan ve destinasyonun asıl sahibi olan yerli halk, sürdürülebilir turizmin baş aktörüdür. Bir destinasyonda sürdürülebilir turizm anlayışını geliştirmek için o destinasyondaki yerli halkın tutum ve davranışlarını anlamak gerekmektedir. Destinasyondaki doğal, kültürel ve sosyolojik kaynakları gelecek nesillere aktaracak olan yine yerli halkın kendisidir. Yerli halkın yer bağlılığı tutumu ise yerli halkın ikamet edilen yere yönelik duygusal, psikolojik yönelimini ve yer ile olan uyumunu ifade etmektedir. Yerli halkın turizme yönelik tutumunu şekillendiren yer bağlılığı tutumu, cinsiyet ve ikamet etme süresi bakımından farklılaşmaktadır. Edirne’de yaşayan yerli halkın yer bağlılığı tutumunun oluşup oluşmadığını, bu tutumun ikamet etme süresi bakımından, cinsiyet bakımından ve kadın ile erkeklerin ikamet etme süreleri bakımından farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını test etme amacında olan bu çalışma sonucunda, ikamet etme süresi arttıkça yerli halkın yer bağlılığı tutumunun arttığı ve erkeklerin yer bağlılığı tutumlarının kadınlarınkine kıyasla daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
这个国家的基本性质的旅游业是不可逆转的。Destinasyondaki sosyo-kültürelçekicilikleri yaratan的目的地是ıl sahibi olan yerli halk，sürdürülebilir turizmin başaktörüdür。为了提高目的地可持续旅游的概念，目的地的当地人需要了解他们的行为和行为。目的地的自然、文化和社会学来源将转移给后代。维护当地人民的主权就是表达情感、心理方向和与地面的兼容性。这与当地人在旅游业中的行为、他们的依赖性、他们在性和不朽方面的行为不同。由于这项工作，居住在埃迪尔内的当地人并没有沉迷于这样一个事实，即由于他们被拘留的时间、性取向以及他们在男性和女性之间遭受虐待的时间，他们彼此没有什么不同。只要惩罚力度加大，当地人口的依赖性就会增加，男性对女性的依赖程度就会比实际情况更高。
{"title":"The Evaluation of Residents’ Place Attachment Attitudes in terms of Length of Residency and Gender in Sustainable Tourism: The Example of Edirne","authors":"Çiğdem Unurlu","doi":"10.24988/ije.1019926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1019926","url":null,"abstract":"Yer temelli bir olgu olan turizmde yerli halk-turist etkileşimi kaçınılmazdır. Destinasyondaki sosyo-kültürel çekicilikleri yaratan ve destinasyonun asıl sahibi olan yerli halk, sürdürülebilir turizmin baş aktörüdür. Bir destinasyonda sürdürülebilir turizm anlayışını geliştirmek için o destinasyondaki yerli halkın tutum ve davranışlarını anlamak gerekmektedir. Destinasyondaki doğal, kültürel ve sosyolojik kaynakları gelecek nesillere aktaracak olan yine yerli halkın kendisidir. Yerli halkın yer bağlılığı tutumu ise yerli halkın ikamet edilen yere yönelik duygusal, psikolojik yönelimini ve yer ile olan uyumunu ifade etmektedir. Yerli halkın turizme yönelik tutumunu şekillendiren yer bağlılığı tutumu, cinsiyet ve ikamet etme süresi bakımından farklılaşmaktadır. Edirne’de yaşayan yerli halkın yer bağlılığı tutumunun oluşup oluşmadığını, bu tutumun ikamet etme süresi bakımından, cinsiyet bakımından ve kadın ile erkeklerin ikamet etme süreleri bakımından farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını test etme amacında olan bu çalışma sonucunda, ikamet etme süresi arttıkça yerli halkın yer bağlılığı tutumunun arttığı ve erkeklerin yer bağlılığı tutumlarının kadınlarınkine kıyasla daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.","PeriodicalId":33605,"journal":{"name":"Izmir Iktisat Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69306912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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