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Involvement of Home Facilitators and the Learners’ Academic Performance in Science 家庭辅导员的参与与学习者的科学学习成绩
Pub Date : 2023-06-03 DOI: 10.54476/apjaet/55989
Luisa Grace Loro M, Anton Diaz Uberas
The research intended to gauge the degree of engagement of home facilitators and how it is related to learners’ academic success at Science in Grade 10. Descriptive-correlational research design and used convenience sampling were utilized. Epstein’s model of parental participation, which consists of 30 items, was employed. The questionnaire was administered to 39 home facilitators and students from the designated drop-off point. The study’s findings revealed that in parenting, volunteering, and decision-making, home facilitators showed high involvement. In terms of community collaboration, communication and home learning, home facilitators showed moderate involvement. Findings also suggested that there is no substantial difference in Grade 10 learners’ educational results in Science when arranged in accordance to sex, monthly family income, and home facilitators’ highest educational attainment; there is also no significant difference in the level of involvement of home facilitators when arranged in accordance by sex and educational level. Moreover, the findings suggested show there is no correlation between Grade 10 learners’ academic success in Science and the extent of home facilitator participation. Based on these results, recommendations were made. School programs geared toward involvement and support of home facilitators may be enhanced and developed in order to strengthen the interaction of school, home, and community in pursuit of the betterment of the academic performance of the learners. Keywords: level of involvement, academic performance, home facilitators
本研究旨在衡量家庭辅导员的参与程度,以及它与学生在10年级科学课上的学业成功之间的关系。采用描述性相关研究设计和方便抽样。采用了爱泼斯坦的父母参与模型,该模型包含30个项目。问卷由39名家庭辅导员和来自指定下车点的学生填写。研究结果显示,在育儿、志愿服务和决策方面,家庭辅导员的参与度很高。在社区合作、沟通和家庭学习方面,家庭辅导员表现出中等程度的参与。研究结果还表明,按性别、家庭月收入和家庭辅导员的最高受教育程度进行安排,10年级学生的科学成绩没有显著差异;按性别及教育程度安排的家庭助理员的参与程度亦无显著差异。此外,研究结果表明,十年级学生的科学学业成功与家庭促进者的参与程度没有相关性。根据这些结果,提出了建议。面向家庭辅导员参与和支持的学校项目可以得到加强和发展,以加强学校、家庭和社区的互动,以追求学习者学习成绩的改善。关键词:投入程度,学业成绩,家庭辅导员
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引用次数: 0
Navigating Uncharted Territories: Stories of Pre-Retired Science Teachers Amid Emergency Remote Online Learning 导航未知领域:退休前科学教师在紧急远程在线学习中的故事
Pub Date : 2023-06-03 DOI: 10.54476/apjaet/07146
Anton Diaz Uberas
The purpose of this qualitative inquiry was to explore the narratives of pre-retired Science teachers who are teaching remotely amid the global health crisis. It hopes to describe and elucidate the significant events, realizations, insights, and how the pandemic changed their stories as facilitators of learning. A Qualitative research design was employed in this study; specifically, it utilized the descriptive narrative approach to get the limited stories of the participants. The participants of the study consisted of four (4) pre-retired Science teachers, two of whom came from private schools and two came from public schools in Bacolod City. The participants were selected through purposive sampling. The data was gathered through a semi-structured interview questionnaire and focused group discussion (FGD). Three themes emerged regarding the stories of the participants, a.) Trials and Tribulations of Pre-retired Science Teachers in Crossing with three (3) sub-themes; Building the Ark Before it Starts to Rain, Hands Coated with Grease, and Changing Gears Manually. The second theme, b.) Involvement, Practices, and Role of Pre-retired Science Teachers with three (3) subthemes, Pre-retired Science Teachers as Drivers of Curriculum and Instruction, Curvy Roads Make a Skillful Driver and Overcoming Road Barriers and Practices in Teaching Science Online, and Lastly, Opportunities and Privileges in Teaching Amidst Pandemic with two (2) subthemes, Reinventing and Realigning the Wheels and Midway Cognizance. The study discovered that various issues and challenges primarily mark pre-retired teachers’ stories and encounters with emergency remote learning during a pandemic. Science teachers realized that acceptance, development, consideration, patience, passion for teaching, adequate instruction, and an open mind about emergency remote learning are all critical components for the effective implementation of emergency remote learning. Keywords: Pre-retired teachers, remote learning, narrative research, teaching
这次定性调查的目的是探索在全球卫生危机中远程教学的退休前科学教师的叙述。它希望描述和阐明重大事件、实现、见解,以及大流行如何改变他们作为学习促进者的故事。本研究采用质性研究设计;具体来说,它利用描述性叙事方法来获得参与者的有限故事。该研究的参与者包括四(4)名退休前的科学教师,其中两人来自私立学校,两人来自巴科洛德市的公立学校。参与者是通过有目的的抽样选择的。数据通过半结构化访谈问卷和焦点小组讨论(FGD)收集。关于参与者的故事,出现了三个主题:a;离退休前科学教师的考验与磨难——兼论三(3)次主题交叉在开始下雨之前建造方舟,双手沾满油脂,手动换档。第二个主题,b。“三(3)子主题”科学退休教师的参与、实践与作用、“课程与教学的驱动者”、“弯弯曲曲的道路是熟练的司机”、“克服道路障碍”与在线科学教学的实践”、“大流行时期教学的机遇与特权”、“车轮再造与重新调整”和“中途认知”两(2)子主题研究发现,各种问题和挑战主要是退休前教师的故事和在大流行期间遇到的紧急远程学习。科学教师认识到,接受、发展、考虑、耐心、对教学的热情、充分的指导和对应急远程学习的开放态度都是有效实施应急远程学习的关键组成部分。关键词:退休前教师,远程学习,叙事研究,教学
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引用次数: 0
Division Situation Analysis and Performance Targeting: Input to Education Development Plan 分部情况分析与绩效目标:投入教育发展计划
Pub Date : 2023-06-03 DOI: 10.54476/apjaet/28826
Azalea A. Gallano
This research aimed to determine the situation of the Schools Division of Lucena City in terms of the Basic Education Development Plan (BEDP 2030) intermediate outcomes and to set its performance targets for 2023-2028. This used convergent mixed research design through survey, data capturing tool, FGD, and EBEIS. WAM, Pearson’s chi-square, PLS-SEM, and thematic analysis were used in analyzing data. The respondents are 154 teachers, principals, supervisors, and program locals. Access to basic education is improved as indicated by increasing enrollment rates with projects on access as the leading practice of schools. Equity is addressed through the mobilization of SPED learning resources, increasing contact time in IPEd, and participation of Muslim learners in school activities. Quality is best considered through projects and remediation. Resiliency and well-being are promoted through partnerships, observance of DRRM guidelines, regular monitoring of the health status of personnel, and information dissemination on child protection policy. SBM implementation and LAC are practices under enabling mechanisms, with the need for more classrooms as a leading issue. A provision of an enabling mechanism entails β = 0.9120 times assurance in the provision of access to quality basic education. Quality strategies support most “future orientation competency” where a change in the provision of quality strategies results to β = 0.6571 times change in the acquisition of the competency. These research results and recommendations served as guides and input to Division Education Development Plan (DEDP 2023-2028). Keywords: BEDP 2030, DEDP 2023-2028, access, equity, quality, resiliency and well-being, enabling mechanisms
本研究旨在确定卢塞纳市学校部门在基础教育发展计划(BEDP 2030)中期成果方面的情况,并设定其2023-2028年的绩效目标。本研究采用了通过调查、数据采集工具、FGD和EBEIS进行的融合混合研究设计。数据分析采用WAM、Pearson’s卡方、PLS-SEM和专题分析。受访者包括154名教师、校长、主管和项目当地人。基础教育的普及得到了改善,入学率的提高表明,学校的主要做法是普及项目。通过调动特殊教育课程学习资源、增加在国际教育计划中的接触时间以及穆斯林学习者参与学校活动来解决公平问题。质量最好通过项目和补救来考虑。通过伙伴关系、遵守DRRM准则、定期监测人员健康状况以及传播关于儿童保护政策的信息,促进了复原力和福祉。SBM的实施和LAC是在授权机制下的实践,需要更多的教室是一个主要问题。提供一种使能机制需要β = 0.9120倍保证提供获得优质基础教育的机会。质量策略支持大多数“面向未来的能力”,其中质量策略提供的变化导致β = 0.6571倍的能力获取变化。这些研究结果和建议作为指导和投入,司教育发展计划(DEDP 2023-2028)。关键词:BEDP 2030, DEDP 2023-2028,获取,公平,质量,弹性和福祉,使能机制
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引用次数: 0
State of Gender Equality in the Municipality of Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines 洛斯市性别平等状况Baños,拉古纳,菲律宾
Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.54476/apjaet/53354
M. A. Galang, Marciana T. Torillos, Myra F. Ruin, Narcisa M. Paz, Criselda A. Gonzales, Cristina E. Malabayabas
Gender equality is the absence of discrimination based on a person’s sex in opportunities, allocation of resources and benefits, or access to services. This descriptive-comparative research study aimed to determine the state of gender equality in the municipality of Los Baños, province of Laguna, Philippines, in terms of education, employment, and income. It was participated in by 385 respondents coming from the 14 barangays of the municipality. Statistical tools such as frequency counts, percentages, and weighted mean were utilized to describe the profile of respondents as well as their level of agreement on gender equality. Hypotheses were tested and analyzed with the aid of the Kruskal-Wallis H test with post hoc analysis, t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples. The study found that the municipality of Los Baños advocates gender equality in terms of education, employment, and income as reflected in their level of agreement on gender equality with a grand mean of 3.08. A significant difference was observed in the respondents’ monthly income when grouped according to their profile such as residency, age, educational attainment, and employment status. However, there is no significant difference observed when grouped according to sex. Hence, the hypothesis is partly upheld. Moreover, a significant difference was observed in the respondents’ level of agreement on gender equality when grouped according to residency, educational attainment, and employment status. But there is no significant difference observed when grouped according to age and sex. Thus, the hypothesis is partly upheld. With these results, the residents of Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines are hereby encouraged to remain vigilant in advocating gender equality in all aspects of their lives. Keywords: state gender equality municipality of Los Baños
性别平等是指在机会、资源和利益分配或获得服务方面不存在基于性别的歧视。本描述性比较研究旨在确定菲律宾拉古纳省Los Baños市在教育、就业和收入方面的性别平等状况。来自该市14个村的385名受访者参与了调查。使用频率计数、百分比和加权平均值等统计工具来描述受访者的概况以及他们对性别平等的同意程度。对假设进行检验和分析,采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验,对独立样本进行事后分析、t检验和Mann-Whitney U检验。研究发现,洛斯市Baños在教育、就业、收入等方面提倡性别平等,其性别平等认同程度为3.08。根据居住、年龄、受教育程度和就业状况等资料分组,调查对象的月收入有显著差异。然而,当按性别分组时,没有观察到显著差异。因此,这一假设在一定程度上得到了支持。此外,根据居住地、教育程度和就业状况分组时,调查对象对性别平等的认同程度有显著差异。但在按年龄和性别分组时,没有观察到显著差异。因此,这一假设在一定程度上得到了支持。有了这些结果,我们在此鼓励菲律宾拉古纳Los Baños的居民保持警惕,在生活的各个方面倡导性别平等。关键词:国家性别平等洛杉矶市Baños
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引用次数: 0
Role in Supporting the Monitoring of Water Targets and Sanitation: A Societal Process of Development 在支持监测水目标和卫生设施方面的作用:社会发展进程
Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.54476/apjaet/52172
B. Thomas
Water is a critical need for all aspects of life on Earth, and underpins the sustainability of national economy, society and the environment. Factors, such as population growth, climate change and rainfall variability, land use changes, water pollution, institutional arrangements, and water demand for food production, affect future water availability and security. Sustainable water is when a nation can be water self-sufficient: ensuring there is enough water to meet multiple needs, from agriculture to municipal and industrial. Ensure that all employees and their families have ample access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation, and raise awareness about hygiene practices. Invest in clean-ups and restoration of water ecosystems to ensure sustainable water withdrawals. Sustainable management of water resources and access to safe water and sanitation are essential for unlocking economic growth and productivity, and provide significant leverage for existing investments in health and education. Scientific research and evidence have an important role to play in facilitating the implementation of availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all through assessments and policy engagement from global to local scales. This paper addresses some of these challenges related to implementation and monitoring of these targets from a water perspective, based on the key findings: indicators, inter-linkages, and implementation. It also recognizes that implementing these goals is a societal process of development, and there is a need to link how Sustainable Development Goals relate to public benefits and to communicate this to the broader public. Key words: Water, sustainability, sanitation, societal process, environment
水是地球上生命各方面的关键需求,是国民经济、社会和环境可持续发展的基础。人口增长、气候变化和降雨变异、土地利用变化、水污染、体制安排和粮食生产用水需求等因素影响着未来的水资源供应和安全。可持续水是指一个国家能够实现水自给自足:确保有足够的水满足从农业到市政和工业的多种需求。确保所有员工及其家人有充足的安全饮用水和适当的卫生设施,并提高对卫生习惯的认识。投资清洁和恢复水生态系统,以确保可持续取水。水资源的可持续管理以及获得安全饮用水和卫生设施对于释放经济增长和生产力至关重要,并为卫生和教育方面的现有投资提供重要的杠杆作用。科学研究和证据可以通过从全球到地方的评估和政策参与,在促进实施人人享有水和卫生设施的可得性和可持续管理方面发挥重要作用。本文基于主要发现:指标、相互联系和实施,从水的角度解决了与实施和监测这些目标有关的一些挑战。它还认识到,实施这些目标是一个社会发展过程,有必要将可持续发展目标与公共利益的关系联系起来,并向更广泛的公众传达这一点。关键词:水,可持续性,卫生,社会进程,环境
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of the Marketing Strategy of Krispy Kreme Outlet Stores to Chinese Customers in Metro Manila 马尼拉大都会区Krispy Kreme直销店对中国顾客营销策略的有效性
Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.54476/apjaet/32065
Ying Li
This study determines the effectiveness of the marketing strategy of the selected Krispy Kreme Outlet Stores in Metro Manila. It focuses on the customers’ profile, the reason of patronage of Krispy Kreme Outlet Stores, the problems encountered by the customers, and their recommendations. A descriptive correlational method of research was used in this study with information obtained through the survey questionnaire. Results show there is a marked moderate positive correlation between the overall perception of Chinese customers on selected Outlets Stores and Product Strategy, Promotion Strategy, Place Strategy, and Pricing Strategy. Keywords: marketing strategy, Chinese customers, descriptive correlational method, outlets stores
本研究确定了在马尼拉大都会选择的甜甜圈奥特莱斯商店的营销策略的有效性。它侧重于顾客的概况,光顾Krispy Kreme Outlet Stores的原因,顾客遇到的问题,以及他们的建议。本研究采用描述性相关研究方法,通过问卷调查获得资料。结果显示,中国消费者对所选奥特莱斯门店的整体感知与产品策略、促销策略、地点策略和价格策略之间存在显著的中度正相关。关键词:营销策略;中国顾客;描述性关联法
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of the Taekwondo Training Program through Talent Identification: Basis for Enhanced Training Program 跆拳道训练计划的人才鉴定评估:加强训练计划的基础
Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.54476/apjaet/88362
Seigfred Neil Uy
The success of a training program is based on the performance of the athletes. Trainers and coaches should seek the talents of their players to develop a productive training program. When identifying an athlete’s potential, Talent Identification Program in Sports is used. This program is used by many countries around the world in their preparation for big sporting events like the Olympics. An effective training program is key to winning, for its goal is to improve the skills or talents of the athletes. One of the sports applying to the said programs is Taekwondo. Based on Sports Industry Research Centre (2003), The International Olympic Committee medal table is largely regarded by the government, the media, and the general public as a measure of a country’s sporting achievement. This study focused on identifying the level of performance of Taekwondo athletes through a standardized physical fitness test. The researcher used Pearson r to correlate the relationship between the BMI and the performance of the student-athletes. Results revealed that athletes with underweight BMI scored advanced and skilled in all fitness tests, while athletes with normal BMI scored also advanced and skilled in physical fitness tests and the athletes with overweight BMI scored skilled and average in the fitness tests conducted. The results of the data analysis showed that there is no significant correlation between the athletes’ skill-related fitness and their BMI. To improve athletes’ abilities regardless of their BMI status, more research is required. Keywords: body mass index (BMI), physical fitness test, reaction time, flexibility, leg power, agility, speed, taekwondo, training program
训练计划的成功是建立在运动员表现的基础上的。训练员和教练员应该寻找球员的才能来制定一个富有成效的训练计划。在确定运动员的潜力时,使用Sports Talent Identification Program。这个程序被世界上许多国家用于准备像奥运会这样的大型体育赛事。有效的训练计划是获胜的关键,因为它的目标是提高运动员的技能或才能。申请上述项目的体育项目之一是跆拳道。根据体育产业研究中心(2003),国际奥委会奖牌榜在很大程度上被政府、媒体和公众视为衡量一个国家体育成就的标准。本研究主要通过标准化体能测试来确定跆拳道运动员的竞技水平。研究人员使用Pearson r来关联BMI和学生运动员表现之间的关系。结果表明,体重指数过轻的运动员在各项体能测试中得分均为高级和熟练,体重指数正常的运动员在各项体能测试中得分均为高级和熟练,体重指数超重的运动员在各项体能测试中得分均为熟练和平均。数据分析结果显示,运动员的技能相关体能与BMI之间没有显著的相关关系。无论运动员的身体质量指数如何,要想提高他们的能力,还需要更多的研究。关键词:体质指数(BMI),体质测试,反应时间,柔韧性,腿部力量,敏捷性,速度,跆拳道,训练方案
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引用次数: 0
Digital Resources’ Availability, Usage, and Sufficiency: Insights from Filipino Scientific Literacy Scores 数字资源的可用性、使用和充分性:来自菲律宾科学素养分数的见解
Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.54476/apjaet/10645
Roberto L. Rodriguez Jr, Marie Grace S. Bulanadi, Adonis P. David
This study examined how the Filipino science test scores in the Programme for International Student Assessment last 2018 are predicted by (a) gender and type of school as covariates, (b) availability of digital resources in school, and support for teachers’ digital instruction; and (c) availability and sufficiency of digital resources at learner’s home. These objectives are attained by following a descriptive-correlational design that utilized publicly accessible data of the PISA 2018 results on the OECD website. Findings of the regression analysis unveiled that sex did not conclusively predict the scores while learners from private institutions perform better. Additionally, the availability of digital resources in school and their sufficiency at home positively predicted the science scores, whereas the school’s support for teachers’ digital instruction and the availability of digital resources at home negatively predicted science scores. The availability and sufficiency of such digital devices for students at home were seemingly contradicting, hence, requiring further investigation in future studies. Keywords: Filipino learners, OECD, PISA 2018, science achievement, science learning
本研究考察了2018年国际学生评估计划中菲律宾科学考试成绩是如何通过(a)性别和学校类型作为协变量预测的,(b)学校数字资源的可用性,以及对教师数字教学的支持;(c)学习者家中数字资源的可用性和充分性。这些目标是通过遵循描述性相关设计来实现的,该设计利用了经合组织网站上2018年PISA结果的公开数据。回归分析的结果显示,性别并不能决定性地预测分数,而私立学校的学生表现得更好。此外,学校数字资源的可获得性和家中数字资源的充分性正向预测科学成绩,而学校对教师数字化教学的支持和家中数字资源的可获得性负向预测科学成绩。这些数字设备在学生家中的可用性和充分性似乎是矛盾的,因此,需要在未来的研究中进一步调查。关键词:菲律宾学习者,OECD, PISA 2018,科学成就,科学学习
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引用次数: 0
Digital Learning Readiness in Developing E-Module for Intensification of Basic Science Process Skills among Grade 3 Students in A Collaborative Learning Environment 协同学习环境下三年级学生基础科学过程技能e模块开发的数字化学习准备
Pub Date : 2023-02-26 DOI: 10.54476/apjaet/50148
Jonabelle C. Agno, J. F. D. Panoy
The Covid-19 problem has put a stop to this system, forcing educators to rethink how to teach and learn. Consequently, educators are looking for technological innovations to help bridge the gap between face-to-face and online education, most especially in collaboration. The focus of this study is to develop an e-module in line with their digital learning readiness that bridges the gap between face-to-face and online distance learning to enhance the basic science process skills of Grade 3 students in Science at Del Remedio Elementary School. The research design employed for this study is descriptive-developmental, which is a process for developing and validating a learning product. The participants of this research are the grade 3 online distance learners of Del Remedio Elementary school. The developed e-module meets the criterion of being highly acceptable in terms of material and media content, as per the findings. The dependent samples t-test revealed students’ pre-test and post-test scores are significantly different from their basic science process skills; this implies that the student’s grades improved after utilizing the e-module. The Pearson Product-Moment correlation shows that there is no significant relationship between the students; perceived acceptability for the developed e-module and their level of basic science process skills, with a significant level of 0.05. This led to the conclusion that the developed e-module, as a tool, helps students to improve their understanding of the lesson leading them to higher achievements. Keywords: Basic Science Process Skills, Digital Learning Readiness, Collaborative Learning Environment
Covid-19问题已经停止了这一系统,迫使教育工作者重新思考如何教和学。因此,教育工作者正在寻找技术创新,以帮助弥合面对面教育和在线教育之间的差距,尤其是在协作方面。本研究的重点是开发一个符合他们数字化学习准备的电子模块,弥合面对面和在线远程学习之间的差距,以提高Del Remedio小学科学三年级学生的基本科学过程技能。本研究采用描述发展性的研究设计,这是一个开发和验证学习产品的过程。本研究的参与者为Del Remedio小学三年级在线远程学习者。根据调查结果,开发的电子模块在材料和媒体内容方面符合高度可接受的标准。依赖样本t检验结果显示,学生的前测和后测成绩与基础科学处理技能成绩存在显著差异;这意味着学生的成绩在使用电子模块后有所提高。Pearson积矩相关分析表明,学生之间没有显著相关;开发的电子模块的感知接受度与其基础科学过程技能水平,显著水平为0.05。由此得出结论,开发的电子模块作为一种工具,可以帮助学生提高对课程的理解,从而取得更高的成绩。关键词:基础科学过程技能,数字化学习准备,协作学习环境
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引用次数: 0
Using Video – Based Ebook in Teaching Writing for the Enhancement of Grammatical Competence among ESL Learners 运用视频电子书进行写作教学,提高英语学习者的语法能力
Pub Date : 2023-02-26 DOI: 10.54476/apjaet/99994
Mary Joyce P. Tadiosa, Cecilia B. Diva
The study generally focused on enhancing the grammatical competence of learners using video-based eBooks. Using a pre-experimental research design, the study assessed the pre-test, and post-test scores of the respondents and their significant difference using paired t-tests. Furthermore, the respondents’ assessment of the video-based eBook was analyzed using mean and standard deviation, while pearson r was used to test the correlation between the respondents’ assessment and their grammatical competence. The respondents were composed of 41 grade 10 students who were enrolled in modular distance learning. Results revealed that before the utilization of the video-based eBook, the majority of the students have very low and low grammatical competence. In contrast, the students’ grammatical competence improved to a high level, as indicated in the post-test results. Moreover, most of the respondents strongly agreed with the video-based eBook’s content, instructional, and technical quality indicators. The null hypothesis, which claims no significant difference between students’ grammatical proficiency before and after the test, is not sustained. Lastly, the findings supported the null hypothesis that no significant relationship exists between the assessed video-based eBook and the respondents’ grammatical competence. Based on the study’s findings and conclusions, the researcher suggested that the school and teachers consider using the video-based eBook as an e-module since it helps improve the grammar skills of the learners. Keywords: grammatical competence, video-based ebook
这项研究主要集中在使用基于视频的电子书来提高学习者的语法能力。本研究采用实验前研究设计,采用配对t检验对被调查者的前测和后测得分及其显著性差异进行评估。此外,使用均值和标准差分析受访者对视频电子书的评价,并使用pearson r检验受访者评价与其语法能力之间的相关性。受访者由41名参加模块化远程学习的10年级学生组成。结果表明,在使用视频电子书之前,大部分学生的语法能力很低,语法能力很低。相比之下,从后测结果可以看出,学生的语法能力提高到了一个较高的水平。此外,大多数受访者强烈同意基于视频的电子书的内容、教学和技术质量指标。零假设,即声称学生在测试前后的语法熟练程度没有显著差异,是不成立的。最后,研究结果支持零假设,即评估的基于视频的电子书与受访者的语法能力之间不存在显著关系。基于研究的发现和结论,研究者建议学校和教师考虑使用基于视频的电子书作为电子模块,因为它有助于提高学习者的语法技能。关键词:语法能力;视频电子书
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APJAET - Journal Asia Pacific Journal of Advanced Education and Technology
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