A novel combination of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and a hydration-dehydration Thermal Tower (TT) provides a potential source of pressurized water for a reverse osmosis (RO), desalination plant for a cruise ship. An analysis of the combined ORC-TT has been applied to a Wärtsilä 12V46F 14.4 MW diesel to provide an additional 560 kW shaft power and a source of evaporated seawater of 0.824 cubic meters per hour (0.229 kg/s). The water is available at 7 bar pressure at the bottom of a 70m Thermal Tower. The system features two separate ORC bottoming cycle turbines. The system uses a thermal heat exchange fluid to remove heat from the charge air cooler for the compressed air engine inlet, as well as the engine cooling liquid. Another exhaust-to-liquid cooler is used to remove energy from the exhaust downstream of the turbocharger. The heated fluid then passes through a high temperature ORC unit and a low temperature ORC unit. The high temperature ORC can generate up to 409 kW and the low temperature unit 155 kW. The remaining energy in the heat transfer fluid is used via a 70-meter hydration – dehydration Thermal Tower to heat seawater to evaporate water. The combined system offers additional shaft power while providing a source of desalinated water to reduce the load on reverse osmosis water purification systems.
{"title":"Organic Rankine Cycle/Thermal Tower: Lower Cruise Ship Reverse Osmosis Costs","authors":"Eric C. Leonhardt, Don Jeter","doi":"10.5957/smc-2022-077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/smc-2022-077","url":null,"abstract":"A novel combination of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and a hydration-dehydration Thermal Tower (TT) provides a potential source of pressurized water for a reverse osmosis (RO), desalination plant for a cruise ship. An analysis of the combined ORC-TT has been applied to a Wärtsilä 12V46F 14.4 MW diesel to provide an additional 560 kW shaft power and a source of evaporated seawater of 0.824 cubic meters per hour (0.229 kg/s). The water is available at 7 bar pressure at the bottom of a 70m Thermal Tower. The system features two separate ORC bottoming cycle turbines. The system uses a thermal heat exchange fluid to remove heat from the charge air cooler for the compressed air engine inlet, as well as the engine cooling liquid. Another exhaust-to-liquid cooler is used to remove energy from the exhaust downstream of the turbocharger. The heated fluid then passes through a high temperature ORC unit and a low temperature ORC unit. The high temperature ORC can generate up to 409 kW and the low temperature unit 155 kW. The remaining energy in the heat transfer fluid is used via a 70-meter hydration – dehydration Thermal Tower to heat seawater to evaporate water. The combined system offers additional shaft power while providing a source of desalinated water to reduce the load on reverse osmosis water purification systems.","PeriodicalId":336268,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, September 28, 2022","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127848574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meg Dowling, T. Meyers, Domenic Carlucci, Richard D. Delpizzo
As the maritime industry moves towards a net zero carbon operation, hydrogen fuel and fuel cells are being considered as a promising solution. This paper offers guidance to marine designers of ships using hydrogen fuel and fuel cell power and/or propulsion, addressing both the Classification society requirements and regulatory process throughout the ship acquisition period, with a focus on U.S. Flag considerations. Steps in the review process include Approval in Principle (AIP), risk assessments and current regulatory and classification design basis strategies. Included is a review of the applicable U.S. and international regulatory framework for hydrogen powered engines and fuel cell propulsion.
{"title":"Hydrogen for Marine Power and Propulsion: Regulatory and Classification Considerations","authors":"Meg Dowling, T. Meyers, Domenic Carlucci, Richard D. Delpizzo","doi":"10.5957/smc-2022-045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/smc-2022-045","url":null,"abstract":"As the maritime industry moves towards a net zero carbon operation, hydrogen fuel and fuel cells are being considered as a promising solution. This paper offers guidance to marine designers of ships using hydrogen fuel and fuel cell power and/or propulsion, addressing both the Classification society requirements and regulatory process throughout the ship acquisition period, with a focus on U.S. Flag considerations. Steps in the review process include Approval in Principle (AIP), risk assessments and current regulatory and classification design basis strategies. Included is a review of the applicable U.S. and international regulatory framework for hydrogen powered engines and fuel cell propulsion.","PeriodicalId":336268,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, September 28, 2022","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127366079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victoria Dlugokecki, Steve Boisvert, Lisa Elles, Maurissa D'Angelo, Patrick Schlapp
The paper will provide background on the concept of Knowledge Provisioning and explain how it can provide shipyards, ship owners, and the design/engineering community a competitive advantage in efforts to reduce the cost of ship design, building and repair. The key principles of Knowledge Provisioning will be discussed along with key technologies for implementing Knowledge Provisioning, including connecting to 3D Product Models, and the use of Artificial Intelligence and Augmented Reality. The paper will describe the Knowledge Provisioning roadmap taken thus far and current and future implementation efforts. The paper will also discuss several case studies with their supporting business cases to provide a framework for others in the marine industry to understand the cost benefits of using Knowledge Provisioning.
{"title":"Making the Case for Knowledge Provisioning in the Marine Industry","authors":"Victoria Dlugokecki, Steve Boisvert, Lisa Elles, Maurissa D'Angelo, Patrick Schlapp","doi":"10.5957/smc-2022-051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/smc-2022-051","url":null,"abstract":"The paper will provide background on the concept of Knowledge Provisioning and explain how it can provide shipyards, ship owners, and the design/engineering community a competitive advantage in efforts to reduce the cost of ship design, building and repair. The key principles of Knowledge Provisioning will be discussed along with key technologies for implementing Knowledge Provisioning, including connecting to 3D Product Models, and the use of Artificial Intelligence and Augmented Reality. The paper will describe the Knowledge Provisioning roadmap taken thus far and current and future implementation efforts. The paper will also discuss several case studies with their supporting business cases to provide a framework for others in the marine industry to understand the cost benefits of using Knowledge Provisioning.","PeriodicalId":336268,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, September 28, 2022","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121238889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Roddy, W. Lange, E. V. Nesmeyanov, Rickie Lee Woytowich
Ever since Titanic was found in 1985 and it was discovered that the ship did not sink intact there have been a number of theories as how the ship’s hull failed. This paper will discuss several of these theories and discuss the reasons for the necessity of superseding them as new information was discovered. Presented herein is the latest theory explaining the breakup accepted by the SNAME Marine Forensics Committee complete, with supporting evidence.
{"title":"Evolution of Evolution of Titanic Breakup Theories and the Accepted SNAME MFC Theory","authors":"R. Roddy, W. Lange, E. V. Nesmeyanov, Rickie Lee Woytowich","doi":"10.5957/smc-2022-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/smc-2022-009","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since Titanic was found in 1985 and it was discovered that the ship did not sink intact there have been a number of theories as how the ship’s hull failed. This paper will discuss several of these theories and discuss the reasons for the necessity of superseding them as new information was discovered. Presented herein is the latest theory explaining the breakup accepted by the SNAME Marine Forensics Committee complete, with supporting evidence.","PeriodicalId":336268,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, September 28, 2022","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127364727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrodynamic arrangements of most autonomous surface marine vessels belong to conventional displacement-type monohulls or catamarans. Applications of advanced hydrodynamic concepts, such as considered here hydrofoils, can help unmanned marine craft operate efficiently at higher speeds and have better seakeeping. However, dynamics of such boats are rather complex. In this work, a 6-DOF dynamics model with engineering correlations for hydrodynamic forces is applied to simulate motions of an autonomous hydrofoil craft. Collision avoidance maneuvers based on introduction of a dynamic waypoint outside unsafe zone around a moving obstacle have been modeled. The description of planning decisions, implementation of controls, simulated boat trajectories, and time histories of kinematic and controlled variables are presented and discussed. The developed model can be used for design of unmanned hydrofoil craft and control systems of fast autonomous boats.
{"title":"Modeling of Autonomous Hydrofoil Craft Avoiding Moving Obstacles","authors":"K. Matveev","doi":"10.5957/smc-2022-017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/smc-2022-017","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrodynamic arrangements of most autonomous surface marine vessels belong to conventional displacement-type monohulls or catamarans. Applications of advanced hydrodynamic concepts, such as considered here hydrofoils, can help unmanned marine craft operate efficiently at higher speeds and have better seakeeping. However, dynamics of such boats are rather complex. In this work, a 6-DOF dynamics model with engineering correlations for hydrodynamic forces is applied to simulate motions of an autonomous hydrofoil craft. Collision avoidance maneuvers based on introduction of a dynamic waypoint outside unsafe zone around a moving obstacle have been modeled. The description of planning decisions, implementation of controls, simulated boat trajectories, and time histories of kinematic and controlled variables are presented and discussed. The developed model can be used for design of unmanned hydrofoil craft and control systems of fast autonomous boats.","PeriodicalId":336268,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, September 28, 2022","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130251877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matteo Bucchini, Zhiyong Yang, R. Basu, Aimin Wang, W. Lee, G. Baxter, R. Sielski, Raffaele Frontera, Gabriele Degrassi
Offshore wind energy is developing rapidly in the United States, particularly off the East coast, which has an extensive continental shelf and where the water depths are such that monopile wind turbines founded directly on the seabed are the most attractive. In a previous paper, the authors demonstrated how the design of a monopole for a 15-MW turbine can be optimized to survive hurricane conditions using several commercially available design tools. This paper extends the study to address multiple loading conditions, including operational working conditions. To do that, different optimizations were run in parallel to find a global solution for multidisciplinary optimization. In the previous study, three independent design tools were used: Wind-plant Integrated System Design and Engineering Model (WISDEM) which was developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), ANSYS Workbench, a finite element analysis program commonly used in the industry, and the ModeFRONTIER integration platform. To simulate the additional loading conditions, the OpenFAST software from NREL is now included in the workflow to estimate the loads in the different conditions examined.
{"title":"Optimum Design of Extra-Large Wind Turbine Monopile Covering Multiple Conditions","authors":"Matteo Bucchini, Zhiyong Yang, R. Basu, Aimin Wang, W. Lee, G. Baxter, R. Sielski, Raffaele Frontera, Gabriele Degrassi","doi":"10.5957/smc-2022-081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/smc-2022-081","url":null,"abstract":"Offshore wind energy is developing rapidly in the United States, particularly off the East coast, which has an extensive continental shelf and where the water depths are such that monopile wind turbines founded directly on the seabed are the most attractive. In a previous paper, the authors demonstrated how the design of a monopole for a 15-MW turbine can be optimized to survive hurricane conditions using several commercially available design tools. This paper extends the study to address multiple loading conditions, including operational working conditions. To do that, different optimizations were run in parallel to find a global solution for multidisciplinary optimization. In the previous study, three independent design tools were used: Wind-plant Integrated System Design and Engineering Model (WISDEM) which was developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), ANSYS Workbench, a finite element analysis program commonly used in the industry, and the ModeFRONTIER integration platform. To simulate the additional loading conditions, the OpenFAST software from NREL is now included in the workflow to estimate the loads in the different conditions examined.","PeriodicalId":336268,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, September 28, 2022","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132784904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of oscillating harmonic surge motions on a Wigley hull in deep and shallow water was investigated numerically using unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (URANSE) CFD simulations in a three-dimensional computational domain. The frequency and amplitude of the surge motions were varied independently and validated using experimental data. The URANSE CFD simulations were validated by comparison with the experimental results and unsteady thin-ship resistance predictions of Doctors et al. (2010). The numerical results show reasonable agreement with rowing shells experimental data and for the most part follow the expected trends across the entire operating range of Froude numbers. However, in this first iteration several discrepancies have been identified between the CFD simulations and the experimental results, especially across the frequency-response metrics. The numerical approach in this unsteady hydrodynamics analysis does indicate that with further adjustments and improvement of the quality of the computational domain, the more complex URANSE CFD simulations have the potential to provide a powerful alternative to experimental testing.
采用三维计算域非定常reynolds - average Navier Stokes (URANSE) CFD模拟方法，对Wigley船体在深水和浅水中振荡谐波浪涌运动的影响进行了数值研究。脉动运动的频率和幅度是独立变化的，并通过实验数据进行了验证。通过与Doctors et al.(2010)的实验结果和非定常薄船阻力预测对比，验证了URANSE CFD模拟的正确性。计算结果与桨壳实验数据吻合较好，在整个弗劳德数范围内基本符合预期趋势。然而，在第一次迭代中，在CFD模拟和实验结果之间发现了一些差异，特别是在频率响应指标上。该非定常流体动力学分析的数值方法表明，随着计算域质量的进一步调整和提高，更复杂的URANSE CFD模拟有可能为实验测试提供强大的替代方案。
{"title":"Unsteady Numerical Hydrodynamics of a Rowing Shell Under Surge Excitation","authors":"Calder J. Hartigan, A. S. Onas","doi":"10.5957/smc-2022-080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/smc-2022-080","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of oscillating harmonic surge motions on a Wigley hull in deep and shallow water was investigated numerically using unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (URANSE) CFD simulations in a three-dimensional computational domain. The frequency and amplitude of the surge motions were varied independently and validated using experimental data. The URANSE CFD simulations were validated by comparison with the experimental results and unsteady thin-ship resistance predictions of Doctors et al. (2010). The numerical results show reasonable agreement with rowing shells experimental data and for the most part follow the expected trends across the entire operating range of Froude numbers. However, in this first iteration several discrepancies have been identified between the CFD simulations and the experimental results, especially across the frequency-response metrics. The numerical approach in this unsteady hydrodynamics analysis does indicate that with further adjustments and improvement of the quality of the computational domain, the more complex URANSE CFD simulations have the potential to provide a powerful alternative to experimental testing.","PeriodicalId":336268,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, September 28, 2022","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128726355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the benefits of capturing yard specific value streams to apply automated detail planning and control efforts for first-of-class projects. Allowing the recognition of over 90% of the relations, dependencies and constraints for the operational process prior to the completion of the engineering model. Creating the ability to integrate the need by dates from production with the workload and priorities for the engineering team’s schedule to cut back on overall lead-time. Through rolling wave-planning methods and direct integrations with the engineering 3D detailed design model automated sequencing, budgeting (hours/duration), resource allocation and progress recognition takes place in a yard control framework. This allows for closed feedback loops on operational performance as well as the instant recognition of progress, consumed hours, load-views, deviations and risks by direct roll ups to the project control level.
{"title":"Automated Detail Planning and Control for First-of-Class Projects Using Product-Based-Planning and Yard Specific","authors":"Ronald de Vries, E. Bjorkner, Patrick D. Roberts","doi":"10.5957/smc-2022-024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/smc-2022-024","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the benefits of capturing yard specific value streams to apply automated detail planning and control efforts for first-of-class projects. Allowing the recognition of over 90% of the relations, dependencies and constraints for the operational process prior to the completion of the engineering model. Creating the ability to integrate the need by dates from production with the workload and priorities for the engineering team’s schedule to cut back on overall lead-time. Through rolling wave-planning methods and direct integrations with the engineering 3D detailed design model automated sequencing, budgeting (hours/duration), resource allocation and progress recognition takes place in a yard control framework. This allows for closed feedback loops on operational performance as well as the instant recognition of progress, consumed hours, load-views, deviations and risks by direct roll ups to the project control level.","PeriodicalId":336268,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, September 28, 2022","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130046624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the effects of pre-treatment on oily water separator performance at the shipboard level. An online survey of marine personnel was carried out, in which respondents were asked to rate the performance of separator systems and to provide technical information. The results of the study indicated that the use of pre-treatment resulted in improved effectiveness ratings of between 11 & 18%, with increases of between 14 & 43% found for the failure running hours. Given these findings, it was concluded that the use of pre-treatment offers a relatively simple method of improving oily water separator performance, and that there is a need for the International Maritime Organization to further encourage its use via legislation.
{"title":"The Performance of Oily Water Separators from an Operational Perspective","authors":"Gavin Alexander Henderson, Rabiul Islam","doi":"10.5957/smc-2022-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/smc-2022-010","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the effects of pre-treatment on oily water separator performance at the shipboard level. An online survey of marine personnel was carried out, in which respondents were asked to rate the performance of separator systems and to provide technical information. The results of the study indicated that the use of pre-treatment resulted in improved effectiveness ratings of between 11 & 18%, with increases of between 14 & 43% found for the failure running hours. Given these findings, it was concluded that the use of pre-treatment offers a relatively simple method of improving oily water separator performance, and that there is a need for the International Maritime Organization to further encourage its use via legislation.","PeriodicalId":336268,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, September 28, 2022","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122904287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Interim guidelines on the second generation intact stability criteria were approved by IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) in December 2020 (MSC.1/Circ.1627). These were followed by MSC’s approval of Explanatory Notes to the Interim guidelines in April 2022. Under development internationally for nearly two decades, the second generation intact stability criteria are, in most respects, based on the assessment of the dynamics of stability failures. Therefore, they are unlike previous stability criteria that evaluate quantities of various common static stability parameters against established, but arbitrary, standards for compliance. This paper provides an overview of the second generation intact stability criteria, explains how it is intended to be used, its relationship to existing international ship stability criteria, and describes a process by which practicing naval architects may use it. The paper also identifies possible shortcomings of the criteria and areas in which particular caution should be exercised in its use. Lastly, proposals for future enhancement of the criteria are summarized.
{"title":"Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria: An Overview","authors":"W. Peters, Vadim I. Belenky","doi":"10.5957/smc-2022-049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/smc-2022-049","url":null,"abstract":"The Interim guidelines on the second generation intact stability criteria were approved by IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) in December 2020 (MSC.1/Circ.1627). These were followed by MSC’s approval of Explanatory Notes to the Interim guidelines in April 2022. Under development internationally for nearly two decades, the second generation intact stability criteria are, in most respects, based on the assessment of the dynamics of stability failures. Therefore, they are unlike previous stability criteria that evaluate quantities of various common static stability parameters against established, but arbitrary, standards for compliance.\u0000 This paper provides an overview of the second generation intact stability criteria, explains how it is intended to be used, its relationship to existing international ship stability criteria, and describes a process by which practicing naval architects may use it. The paper also identifies possible shortcomings of the criteria and areas in which particular caution should be exercised in its use. Lastly, proposals for future enhancement of the criteria are summarized.","PeriodicalId":336268,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, September 28, 2022","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116696177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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