Energy and Built Environment最新文献_第2页

Thermoeconomic assessment of the air-cooled tropical data center through energy-saving strategies 通过节能策略对风冷热带数据中心进行热经济评估

Q1 Engineering

Energy and Built Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.07.006

Jing Zhou , Baris Burak Kanbur , Duc Van Le , Rui Tan , Fei Duan

Rapid developments in the electronic information industry drive the increased energy usage and carbon emission of data center buildings, prompting the focus on the energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. Expanded operation envelopes of tropical data centers is assessed to analyze the potential for the building energy savings and carbon emission reduction through collaborative analysis of operation modes (OMs), supply air temperature (SAT), and outdoor air temperature (OAT). The OMs of compression vary with the setpoints of SAT, in which the average exergy efficiency of compressors at alternate operation mode is 6.8 % and 8.0 % lower than that of double and single compression operations. As SAT rises from 20 °C to 32 °C, the system exergoeconomic factor increases from 5.4 % to 8.0 %, and the average carbon cost decreases by 36.5 %. Additionally, with just an 8.5 % increase in exergy cost (i.e., Case 8) at OAT rising from 30 to 34 °C, the high SAT and low refrigerant charges provide considerable exergy cost advantages versus resisting the OAT fluctuations. Dynamic operation strategies are also proposed and compared to cope with the impacts of tropical environments. Compared to the 26 °C SAT baseline, the average energy savings are 9.1–14.7 %, indicating the ability to fully utilize outdoor and indoor conditions.

随着电子信息产业的快速发展，数据中心建筑的能源消耗和碳排放不断增加，能源效率和环境可持续性成为人们关注的焦点。通过对热带数据中心运行模式（OMs）、送风温度（SAT）和室外温度（OAT）的协同分析，对热带数据中心的扩展运行包络进行评估，分析其建筑节能和碳减排的潜力。压缩的OMs随SAT设定值的变化而变化，在交替运行模式下，压缩机的平均火用效率比双压缩和单压缩低6.8%和8.0%。当温度从20℃升高到32℃时，系统运行经济系数从5.4%提高到8.0%，平均碳成本降低36.5%。此外，在OAT从30°C上升到34°C时，火用成本仅增加8.5%（即案例8），与抵抗OAT波动相比，高SAT和低制冷剂充注提供了相当大的火用成本优势。提出并比较了应对热带环境影响的动态操作策略。与26°C的SAT基线相比，平均节能为9.1 - 14.7%，表明能够充分利用室外和室内条件。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the deposition characteristics of fine particles at local components in air conditioning ventilation ducts 空调通风管道局部组件细颗粒沉积特性研究

Q1 Engineering

Energy and Built Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.07.008

Hongfa Sun , Hao Hu , Jun Gao , Qingzhuo Feng

Air conditioning ventilation ducts are widely used in contemporary buildings. The change of airflow direction in the ducts local components can easily lead to the deposition of particles, which can easily form a secondary source of indoor air pollution and have an adverse effect on human health. Based on this, this paper utilizes the existing experimental data to validate the numerical simulation. The Reynolds stress turbulence model combined with the method of enhanced wall function was used to investigate the deposition characteristics of fine particles in different local components. For the first time, local deposition rates and deposition hotspots were proposed to analyze the simulation results. The results show that the local deposition rate of the particles with a particle size of 1μm do not differ much on each wall surface, and the particles are deposited more uniformly on each wall at the local components, with a difference of less than 10 %, and the maximum local deposition rate is on the outer wall of the local components. When the particle size is larger than 10μm, the local deposition rate on the outer wall of the local component increases significantly, with a maximum increase of 23.3 % (compared to 5μm particles), and the maximum local deposition rate increases slowly with increasing air velocity, with a maximum increase of less than 8 %. The effect of increasing particle size on the maximum local deposition rate is much greater than the increase in air velocity. With the increase of air velocity and particle size, the deposition hotspots of both the 90° bend and the T-type tee duct migrate to the middle of the wall, and the deposition hotspots of the 4-way duct migrate to the inside of the wall.

空调通风管道在现代建筑中应用广泛。风管局部成分气流方向的改变容易导致颗粒的沉积，容易形成室内空气污染的二次源，对人体健康产生不利影响。在此基础上，本文利用已有的实验数据对数值模拟进行验证。采用雷诺应力湍流模型结合增强壁函数方法，研究了细颗粒在不同局部组分中的沉积特性。首次提出了局部沉积速率和沉积热点来分析模拟结果。结果表明：粒径为1μm的颗粒在各壁面上的局部沉积速率差异不大，颗粒在各壁面局部组分上沉积更为均匀，差异小于10%，局部组分外壁面局部沉积速率最大；当粒径大于10μm时，局部组分外壁局部沉积速率显著增加，最大增幅为23.3%（与粒径大于5μm时相比），最大局部沉积速率随风速的增加而缓慢增加，最大增幅小于8%。增大粒径对最大局部沉积速率的影响远大于风速的增大。随着风速和粒径的增大，90°弯道和t型三通风管的沉积热点均向管壁中部迁移，4通风管的沉积热点向管壁内侧迁移。

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引用次数: 0

Research on solar-air source heat pump coupled heating system based on heat network in severe cold regions of China 中国严寒地区基于热网的太阳能-空气源热泵耦合供暖系统研究

Q1 Engineering

Energy and Built Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.08.008

Xin Liu, Xiaotong Wang, Chuang E, Kailiang Huang, Guohui Feng, Xinni Li, Yuqing Cui

In the application of clean energy heating, the development of a low-carbon winter heat supply in severe cold regions of China is hindered by the stability of heat sources. To ensure the smooth transformation of traditional energy to clean energy heating modes, the feasibility of a heating system coupling traditional and clean energies was studied using the heating system of an office building in a cold region of China as the research object. The air-source heat pump (ASHP) heating system used in the office building in this study was field-tested. The problems existing in the heating system were analysed using testing data combined with the existing conditions of the building. Solar-air source heat pump coupled heating system based on heat grid (NH-SASHP) was proposed, and the system model was established using TRNSYS software. The operation effect of the NH-SASHP coupling system was analysed, and the control strategy of the coupling system was optimized. The results showed that NH-SASHP system possessed certain advantages over the ASHP system during the heating season, and the energy saving rate is 50.79 % compared with the ASHP system. Under the most unfavourable working conditions in the middle of severe cold, the indoor temperature compliance rate was 100 %. The average coefficient of performance of the heat pump system (COP_sys) of NH-SASHP system and ASHP system were 6.27 and 3.55, respectively. The operating cost of the NH-SASHP system is approximately 72.3 % of the ASHP system.

在清洁能源供暖的应用中，中国严寒地区冬季低碳供热的发展受到热源稳定性的制约。为保证传统能源采暖方式向清洁能源采暖方式的顺利转变，以中国寒区某办公楼采暖系统为研究对象，研究了传统能源与清洁能源耦合采暖系统的可行性。本研究对办公大楼采用的空气源热泵供暖系统进行了现场试验。结合建筑的实际情况，利用测试数据分析了采暖系统存在的问题。提出了基于热网的太阳能-空气源热泵耦合供暖系统（NH-SASHP），并利用TRNSYS软件建立了系统模型。分析了NH-SASHP耦合系统的运行效果，优化了耦合系统的控制策略。结果表明，在采暖季，NH-SASHP系统比空气源热泵系统具有一定的优势，与空气源热泵系统相比，节能率为50.79%。在严寒中最不利的工作条件下，室内温度符合率为100%。nhh - sashp系统和ASHP系统的热泵系统平均性能系数（COPsys）分别为6.27和3.55。NH-SASHP系统的运行成本约为空气源热泵系统的72.3%。

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引用次数: 0

Spray field characteristics and the effect of spray-local exhaust ventilation on the control of high-temperature buoyant jets 喷雾场特性和喷雾局部排气通风对高温浮力喷流控制的影响

Q1 Engineering

Energy and Built Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.07.004

Yanqiu Huang , Yirui Zhang , Shengnan Guo , Zhenpeng Wang , Li Zhang , Zhubin Wang

Process equipment limitations resulted in constraints on the location of the exhaust hood, which in turn caused escape of high-temperature buoyant jets. In response to this situation, spray system is installed as an auxiliary measure to improve the control effect by spray cooling and weakening the momentum. However, the correlation between spray parameters and its atomization characteristics in high temperature ambient is not clear, reasonable spray parameters directly affect the performance of spray-local exhaust ventilation (SLEV). In this study, we discuss the spray field characteristics under the action of high-temperature buoyant jets, the effects of exhaust and spray parameters on the capture efficiency of SLEV, combined with orthogonal test to get the optimization order. Influences discussed include: exhaust velocity, spray pressure, and nozzle hole diameter. The results showed that SLEV provides superior control of high-temperature buoyant jets, up to two times that of the local exhaust ventilation (LEV). Compared to nozzle hole diameter, the spray pressure significantly effects spray field characteristics. Under high-temperature buoyant jets conditions, the statistical mean diameter obeys a power function relationship with spray pressure, and the capture efficiency was 75% as the spray pressure of 2.0 MPa and nozzle hole diameter of 1.8 mm. The factors affecting the performance of SLEV were found to be exhaust velocity > spray pressure > nozzle hole diameter by range analysis. The research results are expected to contribute to the optimization and enhancement of the SLEV.

工艺设备的限制导致了排气罩位置的限制，这反过来又导致了高温浮力射流的逃逸。针对这种情况，安装喷雾系统作为辅助措施，通过喷雾冷却和减弱动量来提高控制效果。然而，在高温环境下，喷雾参数与其雾化特性的相关性尚不清楚，合理的喷雾参数直接影响喷雾局部排气通风（SLEV）的性能。本研究探讨了高温浮力射流作用下的喷雾场特性、排气参数和喷雾参数对SLEV捕集效率的影响，并结合正交试验得到了优化顺序。讨论的影响因素包括：排气速度、喷雾压力和喷嘴孔径。结果表明，SLEV对高温浮力射流的控制效果优于局部排气通风（LEV）。与喷嘴孔径相比，喷淋压力对喷淋场特性有显著影响。高温浮力射流条件下，统计平均直径与喷雾压力呈幂函数关系，当喷雾压力为2.0 MPa、喷嘴孔径为1.8 mm时，捕集效率为75%。通过极差分析，发现影响SLEV性能的因素有排气速度、喷射压力和喷嘴孔径。研究结果有望为SLEV的优化和改进做出贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Intrinsically interpretable machine learning-based building energy load prediction method with high accuracy and strong interpretability 基于内在可解释性机器学习的高精度、强解释性建筑能耗负荷预测方法

Q1 Engineering

Energy and Built Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.08.006

Chaobo Zhang , Pieter-Jan Hoes , Shuwei Wang , Yang Zhao

Black-box models have demonstrated remarkable accuracy in forecasting building energy loads. However, they usually lack interpretability and do not incorporate domain knowledge, making it difficult for users to trust their predictions in practical applications. One important and interesting question remains unanswered: is it possible to use intrinsically interpretable models to achieve accuracy comparable to that of black-box models? With an aim of answering this question, this study proposes an intrinsically interpretable machine learning-based method to forecast building energy loads. It creatively combines two intrinsically interpretable machine learning algorithms: clustering decision trees and adaptive multiple linear regression. Clustering decision trees aim to automatically identify various building operation conditions, allowing for the training of multiple models tailored to each condition. It can reduce the complexity of model training data, leading to higher accuracy. Adaptive multiple linear regression is an improved regression algorithm tailored to building energy load prediction. It can adaptively modify regression coefficients according to building operations, enhancing the non-linear fitting capability of multiple linear regression. The proposed method is evaluated utilizing the operational data from an office building. The results indicate that the proposed method exhibits comparable accuracy to both random forests and extreme gradient boosting. Furthermore, it shows significantly superior accuracy, with an average improvement of 10.2 %, compared with some popular black-box algorithms such as artificial neural networks, support vector regression, and classification and regression trees. As for model interpretability, the proposed method reveals that historical cooling loads are the most crucial for predicting building cooling loads under most conditions. Additionally, outdoor air temperature has a significant contribution to building cooling load prediction during the daytime on weekdays in summer and transition seasons. In the future, it will be valuable to explore integrating the laws of physics into the proposed method to further enhance its interpretability.

黑盒模型在预测建筑能源负荷方面已经证明了惊人的准确性。然而，它们通常缺乏可解释性，并且不包含领域知识，使得用户难以在实际应用中信任它们的预测。一个重要而有趣的问题仍然没有得到回答：是否有可能使用本质上可解释的模型来达到与黑盒模型相当的准确性？为了回答这个问题，本研究提出了一种基于内在可解释的机器学习的方法来预测建筑能源负荷。它创造性地结合了两种内在可解释的机器学习算法：聚类决策树和自适应多元线性回归。聚类决策树旨在自动识别各种建筑运行条件，允许针对每种条件训练多个模型。它可以降低模型训练数据的复杂性，从而提高准确率。自适应多元线性回归是针对建筑能源负荷预测的一种改进的回归算法。它能根据建筑作业自适应地修正回归系数，增强了多元线性回归的非线性拟合能力。利用办公楼的运行数据对所提出的方法进行了评估。结果表明，该方法与随机森林和极端梯度增强都具有相当的精度。此外，与一些流行的黑盒算法（如人工神经网络、支持向量回归、分类和回归树）相比，该算法的准确率显著提高，平均提高10.2%。在模型可解释性方面，本文提出的方法表明，在大多数情况下，历史冷负荷是预测建筑冷负荷的最关键因素。此外，室外气温对夏季和过渡季节工作日白天的建筑冷负荷预测有显著贡献。在未来，探索将物理定律整合到所提出的方法中以进一步提高其可解释性将是有价值的。

{"title":"Intrinsically interpretable machine learning-based building energy load prediction method with high accuracy and strong interpretability","authors":"Chaobo Zhang , Pieter-Jan Hoes , Shuwei Wang , Yang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Black-box models have demonstrated remarkable accuracy in forecasting building energy loads. However, they usually lack interpretability and do not incorporate domain knowledge, making it difficult for users to trust their predictions in practical applications. One important and interesting question remains unanswered: is it possible to use intrinsically interpretable models to achieve accuracy comparable to that of black-box models? With an aim of answering this question, this study proposes an intrinsically interpretable machine learning-based method to forecast building energy loads. It creatively combines two intrinsically interpretable machine learning algorithms: clustering decision trees and adaptive multiple linear regression. Clustering decision trees aim to automatically identify various building operation conditions, allowing for the training of multiple models tailored to each condition. It can reduce the complexity of model training data, leading to higher accuracy. Adaptive multiple linear regression is an improved regression algorithm tailored to building energy load prediction. It can adaptively modify regression coefficients according to building operations, enhancing the non-linear fitting capability of multiple linear regression. The proposed method is evaluated utilizing the operational data from an office building. The results indicate that the proposed method exhibits comparable accuracy to both random forests and extreme gradient boosting. Furthermore, it shows significantly superior accuracy, with an average improvement of 10.2 %, compared with some popular black-box algorithms such as artificial neural networks, support vector regression, and classification and regression trees. As for model interpretability, the proposed method reveals that historical cooling loads are the most crucial for predicting building cooling loads under most conditions. Additionally, outdoor air temperature has a significant contribution to building cooling load prediction during the daytime on weekdays in summer and transition seasons. In the future, it will be valuable to explore integrating the laws of physics into the proposed method to further enhance its interpretability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33659,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Built Environment","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 94-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards energy-efficient data centers: A comprehensive review of passive and active cooling strategies 迈向节能数据中心：被动和主动冷却策略的全面回顾

Q1 Engineering

Energy and Built Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.08.009

Senhong Cai, Zhonghua Gou

With the rapid growth of cloud computing, the number of data centers (DCs) continuously increases, leading to a high-energy consumption dilemma. Cooling, apart from IT equipment, represents the largest energy consumption in DCs. Passive design (PD) and active design (AD) are two important approaches in architectural design to reduce energy consumption. However, for DC cooling, few studies have summarized AD, and there are almost no studies on PD. Based on existing international research (2005-2024), this paper summarizes the current state of cooling strategies for DCs. PD encompasses floors, ceilings, and layout and zoning of racks. Additionally, other passive strategies not yet studied in DCs are critically examined. AD includes air, liquid, free, and two-phase cooling. This paper systematically compares the performance of different AD technologies on various KPIs, including energy, economic, and environmental indicators. This paper also explores the application of different cooling design strategies through best-practice examples and presents advanced algorithms for energy management in operational DCs. This study reveals that free cooling is widely employed, with Artificial Neural Networks emerging as the most popular algorithm for managing cooling energy. Finally, this paper suggests four future directions for reducing cooling energy in DCs, with a focus on the development of passive strategies. This paper provides an overview and guide to DC energy-consumption issues, emphasizes the importance of implementing passive and active design strategies to reduce DC cooling energy consumption, and provides directions and references for future energy-efficient DC designs.

随着云计算的快速发展，数据中心的数量不断增加，导致了高能耗的困境。除IT设备外，冷却是数据中心最大的能源消耗。被动设计（PD）和主动设计（AD）是建筑设计中降低能耗的两种重要方法。然而，对于直流冷却，对AD的研究很少，对PD的研究也几乎没有。在国际已有研究（2005-2024）的基础上，总结了直流电机冷却策略的现状。PD包括地板、天花板、机架的布局和分区。此外，还对尚未在DCs中研究的其他被动策略进行了严格检查。AD包括空气、液体、自由和两相冷却。本文系统地比较了不同AD技术在各种kpi上的表现，包括能源、经济和环境指标。本文还通过最佳实践示例探讨了不同冷却设计策略的应用，并提出了运行数据中心能源管理的先进算法。这项研究表明，自然冷却被广泛应用，人工神经网络成为最流行的管理冷却能量的算法。最后，本文提出了降低DCs冷却能量的四个未来方向，重点是被动策略的发展。本文对直流能耗问题进行了概述和指导，强调了实施被动和主动设计策略以降低直流冷却能耗的重要性，为未来节能直流设计提供了方向和参考。

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引用次数: 0

Approach on enhancing the air conditioning system to improve the winter thermal environment in Eastern China Region's airport terminals 加强空调系统改善华东地区机场候机楼冬季热环境的探讨

Q1 Engineering

Energy and Built Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.10.001

Pengyu Yan , Fei Yu , Shenyi Cui , Jianjie Ma , Zepeng Zhu , Yun Cai , Xin Zhou , Chanjuan Sun

Passengers typically spend much time in commercial zones of terminals for retail, meals, and other services. Enhancing the study of thermal comfort in this local space is necessary. The climate in the Eastern China Region is variable and complex, making it more challenging to maintain the indoor thermal environment. This study conducted field measurements in winter in a commercial zone of one terminal to assess the thermal environment. Numerical simulations and PMV-PPD analyses were performed using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) program The results showed that the overall humidity in the commercial zone was low. There were notable differences in the temperatures and velocities of supply air among different air vents on the commercial island. Based on these initial conditions obtained by measurements, the simulations showed that localized areas under the breathing plane are either too hot (24°C and above) or too cold (18°C and below). The dissatisfaction percentage of the population exceeds 27%. This paper proposed that through enhancements in the air vent dimensions, layout, and air supply conditions, the temperature can be maintained in the range of 20-24°C. Furthermore, the PMV could be controlled within the range of -0.5 to 0.5. PPD was below 10%, reflecting compliance with Class I heating standards. Overall, findings from this study provide a less costly modification for thermal comfort improvement in commercial zones, and serve as a reference for the design and operation of air-conditioning systems to ensure thermal comfort in airport terminals’ commercial zones.

乘客通常会花很多时间在航站楼的商业区，购买零售、餐饮和其他服务。加强对这个局部空间的热舒适研究是必要的。华东地区气候多变复杂，对室内热环境的维持具有较大的挑战性。本研究在冬季对一个航站楼的商业区进行了实地测量，以评估热环境。利用计算流体动力学（CFD）软件进行数值模拟和PMV-PPD分析，结果表明，商业区整体湿度较低。商业岛不同通风口的送风温度和送风速度存在显著差异。基于测量得到的这些初始条件，模拟表明，呼吸平面下的局部区域要么太热（24°C及以上），要么太冷（18°C及以下）。不满意的人口比例超过27%。本文提出通过改进通风口尺寸、布局和送风条件，可将温度维持在20-24℃。此外，PMV可以控制在-0.5到0.5的范围内。PPD低于10%，符合I类供暖标准。综上所述，本研究结果为商业区域的热舒适改善提供了一种成本较低的改进方法，并可为机场航站楼商业区域空调系统的设计和运行提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the melting process of phase change materials in a tilted rectangular container: Experimental study 评估相变材料在倾斜矩形容器中的熔化过程：实验研究

Q1 Engineering

Energy and Built Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.04.007

Qi Peng , Wenchao Duan , Xiaoqin Sun , Fei Jiang , Yongqiang Luo , John Zhai

Natural convection plays a crucial role in improving the heat transfer efficiency during the phase change material (PCM) melting process. A major challenge is understanding the intensity and transformation of natural convection, which was strongly affected by the container's tilt angle. In this study, the effect of tilt angles of a rectangular container on the heat storage process was investigated with paraffin as the PCM. An experimental platform was established to observe the PCM melting process in a hot ambient. A dimensionless parameter Gr·Pr² as the ratio of buoyancy force and thermal diffusivity was proposed to evaluate the relative magnitude of natural convection and thermal conduction during the phase change process. The larger Gr·Pr² indicates stronger natural convection than thermal conduction. When the tilt angle increased from 30° to 90°, the natural convection intensified and the peak of Gr·Pr² increased from 1.58×10⁴ to 2.30×10⁴ by 46 %. In melting process, the Gr·Pr² increased first and then declined until the melting was completed. When Gr·Pr²≤0.3 × 10⁴, the improvement of melting process was mainly arisen from thermal conduction. When 0.3 × 10⁴<Gr·Pr² ≤ 1.0 × 10⁴, both thermal conduction and natural convection simultaneously enhance the melting process. When Gr·Pr²>1.0 × 10⁴, the acceleration of melting process was dominated by the natural convection. From the experimental results, the optimum tilt angle was 60° for the heat storage of a rectangular container filled with paraffin in a hot ambient.

在相变材料熔融过程中，自然对流对提高传热效率起着至关重要的作用。一个主要的挑战是理解自然对流的强度和转变，这受到集装箱倾斜角度的强烈影响。本文以石蜡为相变介质，研究了矩形容器倾斜角度对储热过程的影响。建立了热环境下PCM熔化过程的实验平台。提出了一个无量纲参数Gr·Pr2作为浮力与热扩散率的比值来评价相变过程中自然对流和热传导的相对大小。Gr·Pr²越大表明自然对流强于热传导。当倾角从30°增加到90°时，自然对流增强，Gr·Pr²峰值从1.58×104增加到2.30×104，增加了46%。在熔化过程中，Gr·Pr²先增大后减小，直至熔化完成。当Gr·Pr²≤0.3 × 104时，熔融过程的改善主要来自热传导。当0.3 × 104<Gr·Pr²≤1.0 × 104时，热传导和自然对流同时促进了熔融过程。当Gr·Pr²>；1.0 × 104时，熔融过程的加速以自然对流为主。实验结果表明，矩形石蜡容器在高温环境下的最佳储热角度为60°。

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引用次数: 0

Flow-field characteristics of the thermal plume above an elliptical high-temperature heat source surface 椭圆形高温热源表面上方热羽流的流场特征

Q1 Engineering

Energy and Built Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.07.003

Yanqiu Huang , Haoran Ye , Wenyang Wang , Yi Wang , Junhao Rong , Li Zhang , Junwei Guo

The thermal plume formed by the high-temperature elliptical heat source surface during the smelting process is often captured and removed by the local exhaust system. Accurately mastering the flow-field characteristics of such high-temperature elliptical heat plumes is helpful for efficient design of local exhaust systems. In this paper, the effects of the ratio of long and short axes (5/4 ≤ ξ ≤ 5/1) and the intensity of heat source (80 ≤ F ≤ 160 W) on the axial and radial velocity distribution of thermal plume in an elliptical heat source are investigated by numerical simulation combined with experimental validation. The results show that in the range of ξ ≤ 5/1, the axial dimensionless velocity distribution of the elliptical plume field and the spreading range of the plume field are mainly affected by ξ instead of F. For 5/4 ≤ ξ ≤ 5/1, the maximum axial velocity U_m appears at 1.7 to 2.7 times Z/L (plume height to heat source long axis ratio). For ξ ≤ 5/2, the height at which the cross-sectional velocity field transitions to a circular distribution aligns with the height of U_m. It is found that the plume velocity field is characterized by applying the point source model for ξ ≤ 5/3, and vice versa for the linear source model. The plume flow rate formulation obtained by modifying the linear source model for ξ > 5/3 has a better predictive ability in the Z/L ≤ 5 region. This study provides a reference for the design of ventilation systems for elliptical surface heat sources.

高温椭圆热源表面在熔炼过程中形成的热烟羽常被局部排气系统捕获并清除。准确掌握这种高温椭圆热羽的流场特性，有助于局部排气系统的高效设计。本文采用数值模拟与实验验证相结合的方法，研究了长、短轴比（5/4≤ξ≤5/1）和热源强度（80≤F≤160 W）对椭圆热源中热羽轴向和径向速度分布的影响。结果表明，在ξ≤5/1范围内，影响椭圆羽流场轴向无因次速度分布和羽流场扩展范围的主要是ξ而不是f。当5/4≤ξ≤5/1时，最大轴向速度Um出现在1.7 ~ 2.7倍Z/L（羽流高度与热源长轴比）。当ξ≤5/2时，截面速度场转变为圆形分布的高度与Um的高度一致。研究发现，当ξ≤5/3时，采用点源模型对羽流速度场进行表征，当ξ≤5/3时，采用线性源模型对羽流速度场进行表征。修正ξ >； 5/3线性源模型得到的羽流速率公式在Z/L≤5区域具有较好的预测能力。该研究为椭圆表面热源通风系统的设计提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0

Annual performance of solar chimney for a multi-story building based on Modelica multizone model 基于 Modelica 多区模型的多层建筑太阳能烟囱的年度性能

Q1 Engineering

Energy and Built Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.05.002

Yimin Liao, Zhi Gao, Fusuo Xu

Integration of solar chimney is an effective passive strategy for facilitating fresh air flow and offering significant potential for building energy conservation. This research evaluates the optimal design and control strategy for a six-story office building that includes a solar chimney, focusing on stack effect ventilation and energy performance throughout the year. The ventilation rates in different configurations of solar chimney are compared to meet fresh air requirements. The results indicate that the separated solar chimney ensures uniform airflow across each floor, with ventilation standard-reaching rates ranging from 79.5 % to 88.6 %. Furthermore, maximums of air flow rate occur at each floor, with critical cavity width values of 0.5 m, 0.4 m, 0.4 m, 0.3 m, 0.3 m, and 0.2 m on the 1st to 6th floor, respectively. Under the condition of equal cavity inlet area, air flow rates rise with the increasing length/width ratios. Finally, when the outdoor temperatures fall beyond the design range, controlling excessive ventilation generated by solar chimney leads to a 19.6 % reduction in total energy consumption over the year, with 71.5 % of the savings during winter.

太阳能烟囱的集成是一种有效的被动策略，促进了新鲜空气的流动，为建筑节能提供了巨大的潜力。本研究评估了包括太阳能烟囱在内的六层办公楼的最佳设计和控制策略，重点关注全年的烟囱效应通风和能源性能。比较了不同形式太阳能烟囱的通风量，以满足新风量的要求。结果表明，分离式太阳能烟囱保证了各楼层间气流均匀，通风达标率在79.5% ~ 88.6%之间。此外，各层均出现最大气流，空腔宽度临界值分别为0.5 m、0.4 m、0.4 m、0.3 m、0.3 m和0.2 m，分别位于1 ~ 6层。在相同空腔进口面积的条件下，随着长宽比的增大，气流流速增大。最后，当室外温度超出设计范围时，控制太阳能烟囱产生的过度通风导致全年总能耗减少19.6%，其中冬季节省71.5%。

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