Energy and Built Environment最新文献_第4页

Comparison and correction on calculation methods of clothing insulation based on thermal comfort 基于热舒适度的衣物隔热计算方法的比较与修正

Q1 Engineering

Energy and Built Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.07.001

Guodan Liu, Huiyang Zhong, Yihang Ji, Yao Zhang, Shan Jiang, Songtao Hu

Clothing insulation is a major factor affecting human thermal comfort, and it is usually a fixed value when the clothing ensemble are determined in the standard. However, real clothing insulation is considerably affected by the environment and activity level (metabolic rate). Thus, the heat flow method for obtaining clothing insulation through thermal equilibrium between the skin layer and environment was proposed. Later, a non-contact method for easy acquisition of clothing insulation was proposed. The method was implemented via infrared imager. In this paper, above methods were compared and analysed based on experiment data. Three activity levels were considered, sedentary (1.0 met), walking at speed of 0.8 m/s (1.8 met), and 1.2 m/s (2.6 met). The feasibility and accuracy of above methods are discussed by comparing the PMV calculated by the clothing insulation with the actual thermal sensation (TSV) of the subjects obtained by questionnaire. The results showed that the non-contact method exhibited the highest prediction accuracy. Due to the sweating effect on skin temperature, the higher the activity levels, the lower the prediction accuracy. In this paper, a correction method of clothing insulation was proposed by using the temperature of face and neck and skin wettedness. After correction, the root means square error between the PMV and TSV decreased by 11 %.

服装保温是影响人体热舒适的主要因素，在标准中确定服装整体时通常是一个固定值。然而，真正的衣服绝缘受到环境和活动水平（代谢率）的很大影响。因此，提出了通过皮肤层与环境之间的热平衡来获得服装隔热的热流法。随后，提出了一种易于获取服装绝缘的非接触方法。该方法通过红外成像仪实现。本文在实验数据的基础上，对以上几种方法进行了对比分析。研究人员考虑了三种活动水平，久坐（1.0 met）、以0.8 m/s （1.8 met）和1.2 m/s （2.6 met）的速度行走。通过将服装保温层计算的PMV与问卷调查所得的受试者实际热感觉（TSV）进行比较，讨论了上述方法的可行性和准确性。结果表明，非接触法预测精度最高。由于出汗对皮肤温度的影响，活动水平越高，预测精度越低。本文提出了一种利用面部、颈部温度和皮肤湿润度对服装绝缘进行校正的方法。修正后，PMV和TSV之间的均方根误差降低了11%。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of temperature distribution in building envelopes of Ahmedabad region using nano-encapsulated phase change material 使用纳米封装相变材料优化艾哈迈达巴德地区建筑围护结构的温度分布

Q1 Engineering

Energy and Built Environment

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.03.004

Dhayanithi J., Tapano Kumar Hotta

The incorporation of Phase Change Materials (PCM) into the building envelopes helps to increase indoor thermal comfort while lowering energy usage. The selection of PCM is directly related to its performance and might be viewed as an optimization challenge. The manuscript highlights the optimization of temperature distribution in building envelopes (walls and roofs) of Ahmedabad by choosing the suitable PCM and Nano-particle. Three different PCMs (RT31, RT 35, and RT42) and Nano-particles (Al₂O_3, CuO, and ZnO) with different concentrations (12 %, 16 %, and 20 %) are considered for the optimization. The PCMs are encapsulated into the building layer thickness to examine their characteristics like effective thermal conductivity, concentration, melting point, etc. These parameters are evaluated in a room that measures 5 m x 4 m x 3.5 m (L x W x H). The design-builder software (Version 7.0.2.006) is used to carry out the steady-state numerical simulations for this building envelope. The results suggest that the integration of PCM reduces the building's overall energy consumption by 7.92 kWh/m² per year. The optimal design is proposed by establishing a temperature difference (ΔT) in building envelopes and utilizing a hybrid optimization technique (a combination of Artificial neural network (ANN) and Genetic algorithm (GA)). This temperature difference of the building envelope is confirmed to be dependent on their PCM melting point, effective thermal conductivity, concentration (in%), and PCM layer thickness. Hybrid optimization is found to be the most stable strategy for predicting temperature dilation and energy storage in building envelopes. Thus this paper gives a systematic understanding of the selection of PCM and Nano-particles and identifies the suitable PCM layer thickness for encapsulation.

将相变材料（PCM）纳入建筑围护结构有助于增加室内热舒适性，同时降低能源消耗。PCM的选择直接关系到它的性能，可能被视为一个优化挑战。本文通过选择合适的PCM和纳米粒子，对艾哈迈达巴德建筑围护结构（墙壁和屋顶）的温度分布进行了优化。考虑了三种不同的PCMs （RT31、rt35和RT42）和不同浓度（12%、16%和20%）的纳米颗粒（Al2O3、CuO和ZnO）进行优化。pcm被封装到建筑层厚度中，以检查其特性，如有效导热系数、浓度、熔点等。这些参数在一个尺寸为5米× 4米× 3.5米（长×宽×高）的房间中进行评估。采用设计-建造软件（Version 7.0.2.006）对该建筑围护结构进行稳态数值模拟。结果表明，PCM的整合使建筑的总能耗每年减少7.92千瓦时/平方米。通过建立建筑围护结构的温度差（ΔT），采用人工神经网络（ANN）和遗传算法（GA）相结合的混合优化技术进行优化设计。建筑围护结构的温差被证实取决于它们的PCM熔点、有效导热系数、浓度（以%为单位）和PCM层厚度。混合优化是预测建筑围护结构温度膨胀和能量储存最稳定的策略。因此，本文对PCM和纳米颗粒的选择进行了系统的了解，并确定了适合封装的PCM层厚度。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing building envelopes: Parametric analysis of shading systems for opaque facades and their comparison with cool paints 改善建筑外墙：不透明外墙遮阳系统的参数分析及其与冷涂料的比较

Q1 Engineering

Energy and Built Environment

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.04.001

Iqbal Shah , Xiaosong Su , Riccardo Talami , Ali Ghahramani

Heat gain through the buildings opaque facades significantly contributes to the energy consumption of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. In the post-construction phase, retrofitting options for reducing façade heat gain are limited, with cool paints being the prevalent strategy. However, the efficacy of shading systems as an alternative strategy remains underexplored as existing research predominantly focuses on proof-of-concept validation, often overlooking a comprehensive assessment of shading system configurations across diverse climates and building typologies. Moreover, a comparative analysis of the performance and potential synergies between cool paints and shading systems on opaque facades is crucial to understand their actual effectiveness in real-world applications. To address these gaps, our study undertakes an extensive parametric simulation, taking into account variables such as shading configurations, cool paints with varying facade solar absorbance values, facade orientation, diverse climates, and different building typologies. The results demonstrate that the use of shading on opaque facades alone could result in a HVAC energy saving of 8–28 %, while the application of cool paints (façade absorptance value of 0.2) alone could reduce the HVAC energy consumption by 10–35 %. By combining the use of shading and cool paints, the HVAC energy savings are further increased by 2–5 %. The findings of this study offer a novel perspective on the selection of opaque façade technologies, broadening the sustainable design and retrofit options.

通过建筑不透明立面获得的热量极大地增加了供暖、通风和空调（HVAC）系统的能耗。在施工后阶段，减少立面热增益的改造选择是有限的，冷漆是普遍的策略。然而，遮阳系统作为一种替代策略的有效性仍未得到充分探索，因为现有的研究主要集中在概念验证上，往往忽略了对不同气候和建筑类型下遮阳系统配置的全面评估。此外，对不透明立面上的冷漆和遮阳系统之间的性能和潜在协同作用进行比较分析，对于了解它们在实际应用中的实际效果至关重要。为了解决这些差距，我们的研究进行了广泛的参数化模拟，考虑到诸如遮阳配置、具有不同立面太阳吸收值的冷漆、立面朝向、不同气候和不同建筑类型等变量。结果表明，仅在不透明的立面上使用遮阳可以使暖通空调节能8 - 28%，而单独使用冷漆（farade吸收率为0.2）可以使暖通空调能耗降低10 - 35%。通过结合使用阴影和冷漆，暖通空调节能进一步提高了2 - 5%。本研究的结果为不透明幕墙技术的选择提供了一个新的视角，拓宽了可持续设计和改造的选择。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-objective optimization of Hybrid Energy Systems based on Life Cycle Exergy and Economic criteria 基于生命周期能效和经济标准的混合能源系统多目标优化

Q1 Engineering

Energy and Built Environment

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.03.009

Mohammad Rezaei , Yadollah Saboohi , G. Gary Wang , Amirhossein Fathi

The present study aims to develop a novel optimal design of hybrid energy systems based on exergy and lifecycle concepts using genetic algorithms. The model consists of both stand-alone and on-grid options with scenarios for exchanging energy with the grid. The objectives include cost minimization or benefit maximization primarily, and lifecycle exergy efficiency, i.e., cost as the sustainability index secondarily. This research considers renewable sources such as solar, wind, hydropower, and hydrogen production and storage in addition to conventional diesel generators. The optimization was performed subject to weather conditions and solar radiation profiles, demand, and environmental or economic aspects. Also, the model contains various modules such as water-heating, waste energy utilization, as well as the options of power exchange with the distribution network and injection of hydrogen produced from excess renewable sources into the gas network. The application was demonstrated in a case study, where specific demands and the climate of Tehran were assumed. The case study considers four scenarios, including standalone, completely on-grid, on-grid with a non-backup generator, and on-grid without an energy sale option. The first optimal objective, the levelized unit cost of energy for the standalone system, is $0.22 per kWh. Moreover, the second optimal objective, the lifecycle exergy cost, ranges from 1.93 to 4.13 in different grid-connection states.

本研究旨在利用遗传算法开发一种基于火用和生命周期概念的混合能源系统优化设计方法。该模型包括独立和并网选项，以及与电网交换能量的场景。目标主要包括成本最小化或效益最大化，其次是生命周期能源效率，即成本作为可持续性指标。除了传统的柴油发电机外，该研究还考虑了太阳能、风能、水力发电、氢气生产和储存等可再生能源。优化是根据天气条件和太阳辐射剖面、需求、环境或经济方面进行的。此外，该模型还包含各种模块，如水加热、废弃能源利用，以及与配电网交换电力的选项，以及将多余可再生能源产生的氢气注入天然气网络。该应用程序在一个案例研究中进行了演示，其中假设了德黑兰的特定需求和气候。该案例研究考虑了四种情况，包括独立的、完全并网的、有非备用发电机的并网的和没有能源销售选项的并网的。第一个最佳目标，即独立系统的平准化单位能源成本为每千瓦时0.22美元。在不同并网状态下，第二个最优目标生命周期用能成本在1.93 ~ 4.13之间。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of the alternative air ductwork by Numerical airflow behavior combined with the New Economic index and standard 结合新经济指标和标准的数值气流行为分析替代风管系统

Q1 Engineering

Energy and Built Environment

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.04.004

Pattaramon Tanadecha, Kunthakorn Khaothong

This research studies the numerical modelling using computational fluid dynamics with a k-Epsilon turbulence model to analyze airflow behaviors inside the alternative compared with conventional air ductwork combined with a comprehensive analysis of the economic parameter created by the author called Reveal Comparative Advantage Cost index. All alternative air ductwork has lower pressure drop and a higher ability to maintain the temperature inside, showing that alternative air duct systems have a significant advantage over conventional air ductwork. The fabric ductwork has a lower pressure drop than galvanized steel perforated ductwork, which is 69.15 %. The pre-insulated ductwork can keep the best temperature inside, with a different temperature value between the air inlet and air outlet of 0.06°C. The Reveal Comparative Advantage Cost of construction costs of the galvanized steel ductwork and the galvanized steel perforated ductwork are 1.02 and 1.06, which means the conventional air ductwork is initially cost-effective in terms of investment and operating costs. However, alternative air ductwork is the better option for long-term use. They have cost-effective electrical energy and maintenance costs with a high Reveal Comparative Advantage Cost index. Significantly, the pre-insulated ductwork has the Reveal Comparative Advantage Cost index of maintenance, electrical energy, and construction costs of 1.38, 1.09, and 0.95, respectively. The results of the airflow behaviors study combined with the Reveal Comparative Advantage Cost index study show that the galvanized steel perforated ductwork is not a selectivity that qualifies either for airflow behaviors or is unsuitable for investment. Pre-insulated ductwork is the appropriate option due to the high airflow behaviors and cost, which makes it suitable for investment. However, the Thailand Authority should develop alternative air ductwork Thai standards for engineering design and safety building.

本研究采用k-Epsilon湍流模型的计算流体力学数值模拟，结合作者创建的Reveal Comparative Advantage Cost index经济参数的综合分析，与传统风管系统相比，分析了替代方案内部的气流行为。所有替代的空气管道系统都具有更低的压降和更高的维持室内温度的能力，这表明替代的空气管道系统比传统的空气管道系统具有显著的优势。织物管道系统的压降比镀锌钢穿孔管道系统低69.15%。预保温管道能保持室内最佳温度，进出风口温差为0.06℃。镀锌钢风管和镀锌钢穿孔风管的施工成本的显示比较优势成本分别为1.02和1.06，这意味着传统风管在投资和运营成本方面初步具有成本效益。然而，替代空气管道系统是长期使用的更好选择。它们具有高性价比的电能和维护成本，具有较高的显示比较优势成本指数。值得注意的是，预保温管道系统的维护成本、电能成本和施工成本的显示比较优势成本指数分别为1.38、1.09和0.95。气流性能研究结果与揭示比较优势成本指数研究结果表明，镀锌钢穿孔管道系统既不符合气流性能，也不适合投资。由于高气流特性和成本，预保温管道系统是合适的选择，这使得它适合投资。然而，泰国当局应制定泰国替代空气管道工程设计和安全建筑标准。

{"title":"Analysis of the alternative air ductwork by Numerical airflow behavior combined with the New Economic index and standard","authors":"Pattaramon Tanadecha, Kunthakorn Khaothong","doi":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research studies the numerical modelling using computational fluid dynamics with a k-Epsilon turbulence model to analyze airflow behaviors inside the alternative compared with conventional air ductwork combined with a comprehensive analysis of the economic parameter created by the author called Reveal Comparative Advantage Cost index. All alternative air ductwork has lower pressure drop and a higher ability to maintain the temperature inside, showing that alternative air duct systems have a significant advantage over conventional air ductwork. The fabric ductwork has a lower pressure drop than galvanized steel perforated ductwork, which is 69.15 %. The pre-insulated ductwork can keep the best temperature inside, with a different temperature value between the air inlet and air outlet of 0.06°C. The Reveal Comparative Advantage Cost of construction costs of the galvanized steel ductwork and the galvanized steel perforated ductwork are 1.02 and 1.06, which means the conventional air ductwork is initially cost-effective in terms of investment and operating costs. However, alternative air ductwork is the better option for long-term use. They have cost-effective electrical energy and maintenance costs with a high Reveal Comparative Advantage Cost index. Significantly, the pre-insulated ductwork has the Reveal Comparative Advantage Cost index of maintenance, electrical energy, and construction costs of 1.38, 1.09, and 0.95, respectively. The results of the airflow behaviors study combined with the Reveal Comparative Advantage Cost index study show that the galvanized steel perforated ductwork is not a selectivity that qualifies either for airflow behaviors or is unsuitable for investment. Pre-insulated ductwork is the appropriate option due to the high airflow behaviors and cost, which makes it suitable for investment. However, the Thailand Authority should develop alternative air ductwork Thai standards for engineering design and safety building.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33659,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Built Environment","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 941-969"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Incidence of circular refurbishment measures on indoor air quality and comfort conditions in two real buildings: Experimental and numerical analysis 循环翻新措施对两栋真实建筑室内空气质量和舒适度的影响：实验和数值分析

Q1 Engineering

Energy and Built Environment

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.03.005

Valentino Festa , Silvia Ruggiero , Sara Riccardi , Margarita- Niki Assimakopoulos , Dimitra Papadaki

The application of Circular Economy to construction sector is a key to attain carbon neutrality, since it is responsible of 40 % of natural resource consumption. In this frame the importance of an efficient building refurbishment process throughout recycled material and renewable energy is fundamental. From an overview about building refurbishment emerges the need to investigate aspects related to Indoor Environmental Quality and the comparison between in-field measurements with output of dynamic simulation models. The present study aims to fill these two gaps by means an energy renovation of two real buildings in Greece. The work develops within the European project “Drive 0″, born to promote deep environmentally friendly retrofitting by means of circular renovation concepts. The methodological approach involves on-site monitoring of a series of parameters describing the energy, microclimate environmental and air quality, before and after the energy requalification. In addition, a numerical model developed in Building Energy Simulation program is calibrated and a Computational Fluid Dynamics is developed. From the in-field measurements emerges that, on one hand, the refurbishment of heating system shows a great improvement of indoor thermal conditions, with Total Volatile Organic Compounds concentration that sometimes exceed 3.0 mg/m³; on the other hand an integrated thermal insulation reduces infiltrations and changes the envelope behaviour, with a global energy saving of 30 % during winter and autumn periods.

Another result of the study shows that a numerical model developed in Building Energy Simulation program and calibrated on energy consumption can greatly fit the local thermal comfort distribution of the occupant zone and predict the indoor air quality, if it outputs are used as input data in a Computational Fluid Dynamics study. These results can be beneficial to decision makers and designers for evaluating emitters positioning, opening design and mechanical ventilation strategies, aimed at reducing energy costs.

循环经济在建筑行业的应用是实现碳中和的关键，因为它占自然资源消耗的40%。在这个框架下，利用回收材料和可再生能源进行高效的建筑翻新是至关重要的。从对建筑翻新的概述来看，需要调查与室内环境质量有关的方面，并将现场测量结果与动态模拟模型的输出进行比较。本研究旨在通过希腊两座真实建筑的能源改造来填补这两个空白。这项工作是在欧洲项目“Drive 0″”中开展的，该项目旨在通过循环改造概念促进深度环保改造。方法方法包括在能源再认证前后对一系列描述能源、小气候环境和空气质量的参数进行现场监测。此外，还对建筑能源模拟程序中建立的数值模型进行了校正，并建立了计算流体动力学模型。现场测量结果表明，一方面，供暖系统翻新后，室内热条件得到了很大改善，总挥发性有机化合物浓度有时超过3.0 mg/m3；另一方面，综合隔热减少了渗透，改变了围护结构的行为，在冬季和秋季期间，全球节能30%。研究的另一个结果表明，在建筑能源模拟程序中建立的基于能耗校准的数值模型，如果将其输出作为计算流体动力学研究的输入数据，可以很好地拟合居住区的局部热舒适分布，并预测室内空气质量。这些结果有助于决策者和设计师评估排放物的定位、开口设计和机械通风策略，以降低能源成本。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum regarding missing Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate in previously published articles 关于先前发表的文章缺少伦理批准和同意参与的更正

Q1 Engineering

Energy and Built Environment

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2025.08.006

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum regarding updated Declaration of Competing Interest statements in previously published articles 关于先前发表的文章中更新的竞争利益声明的勘误表

Q1 Engineering

Energy and Built Environment

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2025.08.008

引用次数: 0

Probabilistic machine learning for enhanced chiller sequencing: A risk-based control strategy 增强冷水机排序的概率机器学习：基于风险的控制策略

Q1 Engineering

Energy and Built Environment

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.03.003

Zhe Chen , Jing Zhang , Fu Xiao , Henrik Madsen , Kan Xu

Multiple-chiller systems are widely adopted in large buildings due to their high flexibility and efficiency in providing cooling capacity. A reliable and robust chiller sequencing control strategy is crucial to ensure the energy efficiency and stability of the multiple-chiller systems. However, conventional chiller sequencing control strategies are usually based on real-time measured cooling load without considering the cooling load changes in the following hours. Conventional rule-based strategy may result in unnecessary switching on and off, leading to energy waste and impairing system stability. Therefore, this study proposes a robust chiller sequencing control strategy that utilizes probabilistic cooling load predictions. 1h-ahead probabilistic cooling load prediction in the form of the normal distribution is made using natural gradient boosting (NGBoost). Compared to conventional machine learning algorithms, NGBoost can predict not only the future cooling load but also the uncertainty of the predicted cooling load, which enables the load prediction to handle the uncertainties associated with the data/measurements adequately. A novel risk-based sequencing strategy is developed based on the probabilistic cooling load predictions. The data experiment shows that the proposed strategy can significantly improve the stability and reliability of the chiller plant by reducing the total switching number by up to 43.6 %.

多制冷机系统在提供制冷量方面具有较高的灵活性和效率，在大型建筑中被广泛采用。一个可靠的、鲁棒的冷水机组顺序控制策略是保证多冷水机组系统能量效率和稳定性的关键。然而，传统的冷水机组顺序控制策略通常是基于实时测量的冷负荷，而没有考虑后续小时的冷负荷变化。传统的基于规则的策略可能导致不必要的开关，导致能源浪费，影响系统的稳定性。因此，本研究提出了一种利用概率冷负荷预测的鲁棒制冷机排序控制策略。采用自然梯度增压（NGBoost）方法，对h-ahead冷负荷进行了正态分布形式的概率预测。与传统的机器学习算法相比，NGBoost不仅可以预测未来的冷负荷，还可以预测预测冷负荷的不确定性，从而使负荷预测能够充分处理与数据/测量相关的不确定性。提出了一种基于概率冷负荷预测的基于风险的排序策略。数据实验表明，该策略可使机组总开关次数减少43.6%，显著提高机组的稳定性和可靠性。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum regarding updated Declaration of Competing Interest statements in previously published articles 关于先前发表的文章中更新的竞争利益声明的勘误表

Q1 Engineering

Energy and Built Environment

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2025.08.009

引用次数: 0