Xi-Shuo Wu, Xiao-Ling Dong, Bohao Wang, Jiabing Xia, Wen‐Cui Li
Lignin and cellulose are dominant components in biomass and hold the key for preparing hard carbons. Identifying the sodium storage behaviors of sole lignin/ cellulose-derived hard carbons is significant for choosing optimal biomass precursors. Herein, milled-wood lignin and microcrystalline cellulose are used as model precursors to prepare hard carbons and the corresponding sodium storage performances are investigated to understand the contribution of each biomass component. Compared with lignin-derived carbon, cellulose-derived carbon enables a larger initial coulombic efficiency of 87.1 %, a higher reversible capacity of 343.3 mA h g-1 at 0.02 A g-1 and a good rate capability of 49.2 mA h g-1 at 1 A g-1. That’s attributed to large La, IG/ID values and high sp2C, C=O contents, which enhance the conductivity, plateau capacity, and the rapid diffusion of sodium ions. The excellent performance of cellulose-derived carbon provides guidance on the choice of biomass precursors for high-performance sodium-ion battery.
木质素和纤维素是生物质的主要成分，是制备硬碳的关键。确定单一木质素/纤维素衍生硬碳的钠储存行为对选择最佳生物质前驱体具有重要意义。本文以木质素和微晶纤维素为模型前驱体制备硬碳，并研究了相应的钠储存性能，以了解每种生物质组分的贡献。与木质素衍生的碳相比，纤维素衍生的碳具有更高的初始库仑效率(87.1%)，在0.02 a g-1时具有更高的可逆容量(343.3 mA h g-1)，在1 a g-1时具有49.2 mA h g-1的良好速率能力。这是由于大的La, IG/ID值和高的sp2C, C=O含量，提高了电导率，平台容量和钠离子的快速扩散。纤维素衍生碳的优异性能为高性能钠离子电池生物质前驱体的选择提供了指导。
{"title":"Revealing the Sodium Storage Behavior of Biomass-Derived Hard Carbon by Using Pure Lignin and Cellulose as Model Precursors","authors":"Xi-Shuo Wu, Xiao-Ling Dong, Bohao Wang, Jiabing Xia, Wen‐Cui Li","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3885509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3885509","url":null,"abstract":"Lignin and cellulose are dominant components in biomass and hold the key for preparing hard carbons. Identifying the sodium storage behaviors of sole lignin/ cellulose-derived hard carbons is significant for choosing optimal biomass precursors. Herein, milled-wood lignin and microcrystalline cellulose are used as model precursors to prepare hard carbons and the corresponding sodium storage performances are investigated to understand the contribution of each biomass component. Compared with lignin-derived carbon, cellulose-derived carbon enables a larger initial coulombic efficiency of 87.1 %, a higher reversible capacity of 343.3 mA h g-1 at 0.02 A g-1 and a good rate capability of 49.2 mA h g-1 at 1 A g-1. That’s attributed to large La, IG/ID values and high sp2C, C=O contents, which enhance the conductivity, plateau capacity, and the rapid diffusion of sodium ions. The excellent performance of cellulose-derived carbon provides guidance on the choice of biomass precursors for high-performance sodium-ion battery.","PeriodicalId":337638,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Materials in Energy (Topic)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115698332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feng-jun Zhang, Zhaohui Li, Q. Xia, Qinghua Zhang, C. Ge, Yanxue Chen, Xiangkun Li, Leqing Zhang, Kai Wang, Hongsen Li, Shandong Li, Y. Long, L. Gu, Shishen Yan, G. Miao, Qiang Li
Magnetoelectric (ME) coupling has gradually developed into one of the core means of advancing ultralow-power memory, logic and sensor technologies. Among various strategies, magneto-ionic control of magnetism based on mechanism such as redox, intercalation/deintercalation, and charge accumulation can be achieved in ion battery or capacitor systems. In this work, we demonstrate a ME effect originating from the spin capacitance, combining the advantages of intercalation batteries and supercapacitors. A giant, fast and reversible modulation on the saturation magnetization of ferromagnetic Fe is achieved by lithium ions motion across the Fe/Li2O interface at no more than 1 V. Furthermore, the magnetic evolution driven by the conversion reaction between FeO and Fe over a larger voltage range demonstrates ferromagnetic ordering of the FeO surface. These findings not only open new perspectives for developing high-performance magneto-ionic devices, but also are crucial to designing spintronic devices composed of iron and oxide multilayer structures.
{"title":"Lithium-Ionic Control of Magnetism Through Spin Capacitance and Conversion","authors":"Feng-jun Zhang, Zhaohui Li, Q. Xia, Qinghua Zhang, C. Ge, Yanxue Chen, Xiangkun Li, Leqing Zhang, Kai Wang, Hongsen Li, Shandong Li, Y. Long, L. Gu, Shishen Yan, G. Miao, Qiang Li","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3788469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3788469","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetoelectric (ME) coupling has gradually developed into one of the core means of advancing ultralow-power memory, logic and sensor technologies. Among various strategies, magneto-ionic control of magnetism based on mechanism such as redox, intercalation/deintercalation, and charge accumulation can be achieved in ion battery or capacitor systems. In this work, we demonstrate a ME effect originating from the spin capacitance, combining the advantages of intercalation batteries and supercapacitors. A giant, fast and reversible modulation on the saturation magnetization of ferromagnetic Fe is achieved by lithium ions motion across the Fe/Li2O interface at no more than 1 V. Furthermore, the magnetic evolution driven by the conversion reaction between FeO and Fe over a larger voltage range demonstrates ferromagnetic ordering of the FeO surface. These findings not only open new perspectives for developing high-performance magneto-ionic devices, but also are crucial to designing spintronic devices composed of iron and oxide multilayer structures.","PeriodicalId":337638,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Materials in Energy (Topic)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128448347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sustainability is a key component of energy security. To help achieve the global long-term goal of zero-carbon emissions by 2050, the Philippine government has implemented laws, policies, and programs to increase the share of renewable energy (RE). An important example is the feed-in-tariff (FiT) scheme. The share of RE in electricity generation, however, has fallen from 45.4% in 1990 to 21% in 2019, a clear indication that the interventions have not been effective. Main constraints to the expansion of RE are formidable, which include market-based factors, technology inertia, market failure, and political economy issues. Even if policies are designed to overcome these constraints, there has been a delay in the implementation of some of them; but more importantly, many of the interventions do not adhere to the principles underlying sound industrial policy. In particular, policies should abide by the principle of embeddedness, which refers to the coordination between the public sector and private firms that allows the former to be aware of the constraints and opportunities of the latter. To address this problem, policymakers must incorporate said principles and streamline future interventions by anchoring them to three aspects: the moratorium on greenfield coal plants, the study on Competitive Renewable Energy Zones (CREZ), and the serious consideration of incorporating nuclear power in the energy mix. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 pandemic has provided an opportunity to “build back better”. Studies have shown that some “green” fiscal recovery measures have strong multiplier effects and, at the same time, promote sustainability. An example is retrofitting buildings to enhance energy efficiency. The experience of other Southeast Asian countries in designing interventions can be useful but policymakers should acknowledge that one size does not fit all.
{"title":"Promoting Renewable Energy: How Fares the Philippines?","authors":"Josef T. Yap, Joyce Marie Lagac","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3745492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3745492","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability is a key component of energy security. To help achieve the global long-term goal of zero-carbon emissions by 2050, the Philippine government has implemented laws, policies, and programs to increase the share of renewable energy (RE). An important example is the feed-in-tariff (FiT) scheme. The share of RE in electricity generation, however, has fallen from 45.4% in 1990 to 21% in 2019, a clear indication that the interventions have not been effective. Main constraints to the expansion of RE are formidable, which include market-based factors, technology inertia, market failure, and political economy issues. Even if policies are designed to overcome these constraints, there has been a delay in the implementation of some of them; but more importantly, many of the interventions do not adhere to the principles underlying sound industrial policy. In particular, policies should abide by the principle of embeddedness, which refers to the coordination between the public sector and private firms that allows the former to be aware of the constraints and opportunities of the latter. To address this problem, policymakers must incorporate said principles and streamline future interventions by anchoring them to three aspects: the moratorium on greenfield coal plants, the study on Competitive Renewable Energy Zones (CREZ), and the serious consideration of incorporating nuclear power in the energy mix. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 pandemic has provided an opportunity to “build back better”. Studies have shown that some “green” fiscal recovery measures have strong multiplier effects and, at the same time, promote sustainability. An example is retrofitting buildings to enhance energy efficiency. The experience of other Southeast Asian countries in designing interventions can be useful but policymakers should acknowledge that one size does not fit all.","PeriodicalId":337638,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Materials in Energy (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126875531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-31DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.214263
K. M. T. Negara, N. Hamidi, D. Widhiyanuriyawan, I. Wardana
Electrical energy is generated by harvesting the induced charge in metal electrodes and by connecting the surface of the taro leaf , coated with the electrodes underneath , to the bridge rectifier and capacitor. This discussion was supported by a Scanning Electron Microscope analysis on the surface of taro leaves. The electrical energy was measured using a bridge rectifier at various water droplet rate in contact with leaf, and at various slope of the taro leaves . The results showed that the slope of the leaf surface contact area with water droplets and taro leaf increase s the generation of electric voltage. The greater the tilt angle of the taro leaf surface causing more electrons to jump out of orbit. The surface of taro leaves made by a cluster of nanostalagmites with other nanostalagmites separated by nano scale hollow s that tend to repel water droplets. The r esults from the repulsion of nanostalagmites at a very small radius of the nanostalagmite structure were v ery high surface tension or surface energy. The electron jump is mainly generated due to the high surface tension energy of the nan o stalagmite structure that when it comes into contact with ionized H + and OH - in the water droplet , it produce s hydrogen (H 2 ). H 2 is trapped in the nanohollows between the nan o stalagmites. Due to the dense morphology of nanostalagmite, H 2 will tend to be pushed upwards to force the water droplet. As a result, the surface tension will be higher and the surface will be more superhydropobic thereby increasing the electrical voltage . T he morphology and the tilt angle have an important role in generating electrical energy. Thus , it is necessary to do further research on superhidrophobic characteristics as a solution in the future to overcome the problem of electrical energy
{"title":"Development of Energy Harvesting With Water Droplet Continuous Flow Over Nanohollow and Nanostalagmite of Taro Leaf Surface","authors":"K. M. T. Negara, N. Hamidi, D. Widhiyanuriyawan, I. Wardana","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.214263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.214263","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical energy is generated by harvesting the induced charge in metal electrodes and by connecting the surface of the taro leaf , coated with the electrodes underneath , to the bridge rectifier and capacitor. This discussion was supported by a Scanning Electron Microscope analysis on the surface of taro leaves. The electrical energy was measured using a bridge rectifier at various water droplet rate in contact with leaf, and at various slope of the taro leaves . The results showed that the slope of the leaf surface contact area with water droplets and taro leaf increase s the generation of electric voltage. The greater the tilt angle of the taro leaf surface causing more electrons to jump out of orbit. The surface of taro leaves made by a cluster of nanostalagmites with other nanostalagmites separated by nano scale hollow s that tend to repel water droplets. The r esults from the repulsion of nanostalagmites at a very small radius of the nanostalagmite structure were v ery high surface tension or surface energy. The electron jump is mainly generated due to the high surface tension energy of the nan o stalagmite structure that when it comes into contact with ionized H + and OH - in the water droplet , it produce s hydrogen (H 2 ). H 2 is trapped in the nanohollows between the nan o stalagmites. Due to the dense morphology of nanostalagmite, H 2 will tend to be pushed upwards to force the water droplet. As a result, the surface tension will be higher and the surface will be more superhydropobic thereby increasing the electrical voltage . T he morphology and the tilt angle have an important role in generating electrical energy. Thus , it is necessary to do further research on superhidrophobic characteristics as a solution in the future to overcome the problem of electrical energy","PeriodicalId":337638,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Materials in Energy (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132526314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asheesh Kumar, Nagu Daraboina, Praveen Linga, R. Kumar
Methane hydrates in nature are considered as a future energy resource for natural gas due to their abundance in nature. The presence of all three structures of clathrate hydrates in the nature have been reported. Structural transition in clathrate hydrates in particular with regards to sH hydrates and the influence of large guest molecules is still not well understood. In the current work, we synthesize mixed hydrate of CO2 & CH4 mixture in presence of sH formers, neo-hexane (NH) and tert-butylmethylether (TBME). High-pressure in-situ differential scanning calorimetry was employed to investigate the phase transformation between soild-liquid-gas. We confirmed that CO2 lean mixture (24% CO2 & 76% CH4) forms structure H (sH) hydrate, while CO2 rich mixture (76% CO2 & 24% CH4) forms structure I (sI) hydrate. This study presents new insights to understand the dynamic preference of methane and carbon dioxide in three different types of cages in sH hydrate.
自然界中的甲烷水合物储量丰富，被认为是天然气的未来能源。这三种结构的笼形水合物在自然界中都有报道。包合物水合物的结构转变，特别是sH水合物和大客分子的影响，仍然没有很好地理解。本研究在sH生成物、新己烷(NH)和叔丁基甲基醚(TBME)存在下，合成了CO2和CH4混合物的混合水合物。采用高压原位差示扫描量热法对固液气相变进行了研究。结果表明，CO2贫混合物(24% CO2 + 76% CH4)形成H (sH)型水合物，而CO2富混合物(76% CO2 + 24% CH4)形成I (sI)型水合物。本研究为了解甲烷和二氧化碳在水合物中三种不同笼型中的动态偏好提供了新的见解。
{"title":"Influence of Large Molecular Guest Species on the Formation of CH 4 and CO 2 Hydrates","authors":"Asheesh Kumar, Nagu Daraboina, Praveen Linga, R. Kumar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3691244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3691244","url":null,"abstract":"Methane hydrates in nature are considered as a future energy resource for natural gas due to their abundance in nature. The presence of all three structures of clathrate hydrates in the nature have been reported. Structural transition in clathrate hydrates in particular with regards to sH hydrates and the influence of large guest molecules is still not well understood. In the current work, we synthesize mixed hydrate of CO2 & CH4 mixture in presence of sH formers, neo-hexane (NH) and tert-butylmethylether (TBME). High-pressure in-situ differential scanning calorimetry was employed to investigate the phase transformation between soild-liquid-gas. We confirmed that CO2 lean mixture (24% CO2 & 76% CH4) forms structure H (sH) hydrate, while CO2 rich mixture (76% CO2 & 24% CH4) forms structure I (sI) hydrate. This study presents new insights to understand the dynamic preference of methane and carbon dioxide in three different types of cages in sH hydrate.","PeriodicalId":337638,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Materials in Energy (Topic)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129470785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. Vaishali R. Umrigar, Darshak Panchani, Ajay Maiwala, A. Khandelwal, N. Patel, Jenish Bhanderi
Due to exhaustion of fossil fuels, there is a keen need for the alternative solution to fuel reliance. Globally, jet fuels account for 12% of current used liquid transportation fuels. Production of branched decalins, one of the most advanced jet fuel is in research with high density, low freezing point and high thermal stability. Decalins being most thermally stable component of jet fuels due to the unique bicyclic structure with hydrogen-detonating capability are in demand for synthesis. In the present study, the reaction is carried out in a single reactor using H2SO4 as catalyst with N2 as an inert. The experiment comprises of three steps in single reactor by managing addition and speed of mixing of reactant and catalyst. 1) Oligomerisation in N2 atmosphere 2) Neutralisation with NaOH 3) Separation and drying New and simple routes for branched decalins from cyclic alcohols and cyclic alkanes through alkylation and hydride transfer in a one-pot process have been presented. The reaction mass is analysed by GC and GCMS for quantification of the products. Further operating parameters such as temperature, concentration and feed addition time and stirring speed are studied in detailed.
{"title":"One-Pot Synthesis of High Density Aviation Fuel with Cyclohexanol","authors":"Dr. Vaishali R. Umrigar, Darshak Panchani, Ajay Maiwala, A. Khandelwal, N. Patel, Jenish Bhanderi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3701196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3701196","url":null,"abstract":"Due to exhaustion of fossil fuels, there is a keen need for the alternative solution to fuel reliance. Globally, jet fuels account for 12% of current used liquid transportation fuels. Production of branched decalins, one of the most advanced jet fuel is in research with high density, low freezing point and high thermal stability. Decalins being most thermally stable component of jet fuels due to the unique bicyclic structure with hydrogen-detonating capability are in demand for synthesis. In the present study, the reaction is carried out in a single reactor using H2SO4 as catalyst with N2 as an inert. \u0000 \u0000The experiment comprises of three steps in single reactor by managing addition and speed of mixing of reactant and catalyst. \u00001) Oligomerisation in N2 atmosphere \u00002) Neutralisation with NaOH \u00003) Separation and drying New and simple routes for branched decalins from cyclic alcohols and cyclic alkanes through alkylation and hydride transfer in a one-pot process have been presented. The reaction mass is analysed by GC and GCMS for quantification of the products. Further operating parameters such as temperature, concentration and feed addition time and stirring speed are studied in detailed.","PeriodicalId":337638,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Materials in Energy (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120954699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A computational analysis was carried out on two different materials of turbine blades, namely Inconel MA754 and Nimonic 80A, in order to determine their structural and thermal properties at elevated temperatures. Long carbon fibers of uniform length were used and deposited at varying thicknesses ranging from 1 mm to 4 mm, on the top surface of turbine blades and then analyzed for its performance. It is seen that the carbon fibers (IM10) embedded in the super alloys drastically improve the load bearing parameters of the configurations being analyzed. The improvement in structural load carrying ability is a result of higher Young's modulus primarily. Subsequent analysis with higher volume fraction of the fibers indicated saturation of performance at about 70% volume fraction for 4 mm fibers and significant improvement beyond it for the 1 mm fibers. With improvement in the load bearing characteristics the blade with fibers embedded into a tube like structure at 3 sections were configured and A thermal analysis of the same underscores the effectiveness of the 4 mm fibers in undergoing much reduced principal strains than other configurations. This is seen to be a result of insulation of the top surface from increase in temperature, which significantly reduces the thermal expansion, especially at the free end. This is in contrast to other configurations, where the low volume fraction of fibers resulted in high principal strain.
{"title":"Thermo-Structural Analysis of Carbon Fibre-Ni Based Super Alloy Composite Employed in Gas Turbines","authors":"Ankit Dhoka","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3696518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3696518","url":null,"abstract":"A computational analysis was carried out on two different materials of turbine blades, namely Inconel MA754 and Nimonic 80A, in order to determine their structural and thermal properties at elevated temperatures. Long carbon fibers of uniform length were used and deposited at varying thicknesses ranging from 1 mm to 4 mm, on the top surface of turbine blades and then analyzed for its performance. It is seen that the carbon fibers (IM10) embedded in the super alloys drastically improve the load bearing parameters of the configurations being analyzed. The improvement in structural load carrying ability is a result of higher Young's modulus primarily. Subsequent analysis with higher volume fraction of the fibers indicated saturation of performance at about 70% volume fraction for 4 mm fibers and significant improvement beyond it for the 1 mm fibers. With improvement in the load bearing characteristics the blade with fibers embedded into a tube like structure at 3 sections were configured and A thermal analysis of the same underscores the effectiveness of the 4 mm fibers in undergoing much reduced principal strains than other configurations. This is seen to be a result of insulation of the top surface from increase in temperature, which significantly reduces the thermal expansion, especially at the free end. This is in contrast to other configurations, where the low volume fraction of fibers resulted in high principal strain.","PeriodicalId":337638,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Materials in Energy (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133427423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Various points of view help us to have a better cognition. In this article, the main goals is to propose a possible technique for analyzing the sorts of energy based anisotropic crystal in the modified theoretical black-body radiation setup. Here, a structure is introduced to test the energy radiated from black-body, and this may lead to achieve the behavior of negative energy, associated with dark matter.
{"title":"A Different Theoretical View on The Modified Black-Body Radiation Setup Using Anisotropic Medium","authors":"Jalal Gholinejad","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3693284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3693284","url":null,"abstract":"Various points of view help us to have a better cognition. In this article, the main goals is to propose a possible technique for analyzing the sorts of energy based anisotropic crystal in the modified theoretical black-body radiation setup. Here, a structure is introduced to test the energy radiated from black-body, and this may lead to achieve the behavior of negative energy, associated with dark matter.","PeriodicalId":337638,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Materials in Energy (Topic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130272624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-31DOI: 10.5121/ijcsea.2020.10402
Ebenezer Narh Odonkor
Developed and developing nations like Ghana frequently experience fire outbreaks which area major problem across the globe. Some causes of such fire outbreaks are due to Leakage gas, electrical fault. Some attendant problems are accidents, loss of life and damage to properties. National fire service stations may be the answer to these conditions in Ghana but few stations are built in some specific places in Ghana. This paper proposed a design and implementation of an intelligent gas stove valve regulating system using Solenoid Valve. Temperature sensor, gas sensor and 555 Timer were used. The proposed system will detect time setting for cooking and cut off gas flow automatically to the stove when food is cooked, gas leakage is detected and when surround temperature is above the threshold. Proteus software is used for designing and simulating of the circuit. Programming was done using the Arduino software. Microcontroller ATMEGA 328 serves as the heart of the design. A Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is used to show the condition of the stove. In addition, a buzzer is used to sound an alarm when food is cooked. The system has facilities to shut-off gas stove regulator automatically when food is cooked, gas leakage is detected or when a high temperature is detected.
{"title":"Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Gas Cylinder Valve Regulating System Using Solenoid","authors":"Ebenezer Narh Odonkor","doi":"10.5121/ijcsea.2020.10402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijcsea.2020.10402","url":null,"abstract":"Developed and developing nations like Ghana frequently experience fire outbreaks which area major problem across the globe. Some causes of such fire outbreaks are due to Leakage gas, electrical fault. Some attendant problems are accidents, loss of life and damage to properties. National fire service stations may be the answer to these conditions in Ghana but few stations are built in some specific places in Ghana. This paper proposed a design and implementation of an intelligent gas stove valve regulating system using Solenoid Valve. Temperature sensor, gas sensor and 555 Timer were used. The proposed system will detect time setting for cooking and cut off gas flow automatically to the stove when food is cooked, gas leakage is detected and when surround temperature is above the threshold. Proteus software is used for designing and simulating of the circuit. Programming was done using the Arduino software. Microcontroller ATMEGA 328 serves as the heart of the design. A Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is used to show the condition of the stove. In addition, a buzzer is used to sound an alarm when food is cooked. The system has facilities to shut-off gas stove regulator automatically when food is cooked, gas leakage is detected or when a high temperature is detected.","PeriodicalId":337638,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Materials in Energy (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115898819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-31DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.210232
A. Rojek
High-speed circuit breakers (HSCB) used in DC circuits are one of the basic elements of overload, short-circuit and electric shock protection. Such breakers are used in transport (trams, trolleybuses, subways and railways) in electric power supply facilities and in vehicles. The performance and capability of limiting the current depend on the HSCB design and solutions applied in it. The circuit parameters, particularly its inductance also affect the performance. Additionally, each DC breaking in the RL circuit is accompanied by overvoltages whose level depends on the circuit parameters and breaker design. The paper discussed the process of direct current breaking by magnetic blowout high-speed circuit breakers and factors that affect the HSCB performance, i. e. opening time and arcing time. The influence of the circuit parameters and HSCB design on the value of arc voltage is outlined. The results of laboratory tests of 4 types of high-speed circuit breakers produced in Europe are presented. The test results were used to analyze the effect of current changes in the short circuit on the time of current breaking and the value of switching overvoltages – arc voltage. The results of simulation of the short-circuit breaking in the RL DC circuit made at the rate-of-rise of current in the circuit are presented. Based on the tests and simulations, the current breaking times, values of arc voltage generated in this process and arc energy that is acquired and dissipated by the arc chamber are determined. The objective of the tests and simulations was to answer the question whether it is possible to turn off direct current quickly without generating high arc voltage values – overvoltages in the circuit and how di/dt changes should be formed by a high-speed circuit breaker to achieve the shortest possible time with the lowest possible arc voltage and its lowest energy
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