Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana最新文献

{"title":"The geology we need","authors":"V. Yanko, V. M. Kadurin, S. Kravchuk, A. Kakaranza, S. Kadurin, O. Dikol","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2022.02.058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2022.02.058","url":null,"abstract":"Military events and the post-war period will require a rethinking of the concept and strategy of development of the mineral and industrial complex in Ukraine. Considered issues and problems of work of geologists in the state sector of the economy, peculiarities of their work in large vertically integrated companies. A special place is given to consideration of the peculiarities of the work of Ukrainian geologists in foreign companies. Proposed methods of using young specialists during the reform of the mineral and raw material complex of Ukraine. The authors propose a discussion on these issues in order to develop the most acceptable and effective algorithms for the development of the geological field.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67114969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite-difference modeling of the wavefield on the seismometry observations on NW Black Sea shelf","authors":"O. Verpakhovska, V. Kobolev, V. Pylypenko","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2022.03.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2022.03.027","url":null,"abstract":"In current seismic studies, special attention is given to the correctness of both the processing methods and the results of their using. In particularly, this applies to the migration procedure, which allows reproducing the deep structure of the research area directly from the observed wave field. In the Institute of Geophysics named after SI. Subbotin of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, for many years, methods of migration and modeling of the wave field, which are theoretically based on the finite-difference method of solving differential equations, have been developed. Modeling the wave field makes it possible to identify useful waves in the real observed seismic field for the effective formation of a migration image of the geological environment and to confirm the correctness and accuracy of the reproduction of various types of disturbances on it. S.I. Subbotin Institute of geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 2013 on the continental slope of the northwestern part of the Black Sea, seismometry observations with reflection CDP (Common Deep Point) profiles were carried out. When processing the registered wave fields to form a depth image of the geological section, post-stack full-wave finite-difference migration was used. As a tool for assessing the correctness of the obtained results, the finite-difference modeling of the wave field is considered, which is based on the solution of the wave equation on a grid with a seven-point pattern.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67115089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maps of deep heat flow and geothermal resources in Ukraine http://gpimo.nas.gov.ua/en/node/1176","authors":"V. Gordienko, I. Gordienko","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2022.04.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2022.04.041","url":null,"abstract":"A technique for processing the material used to map the deep heat flow (HF) on the territory of Ukraine and constructing a map of geothermal resources on its basis is considered. We are talking about the deep (corrected) HF, since its error (determined by the differences in values at close points) is noticeably smaller than in the observed one, and only its values can be used to build thermal models of the earth's crust and upper mantle and solve the indicated applied problem. Due to the unique study of Ukraine in this parameter, which has been going on for almost 60 years, there are still significant fragments of the territory where the HF has not been determined. This is due to the lack of boreholes in such areas suitable for temperature measurements in the required depth interval with the required accuracy. Of course, any means of processing the experimental material in the territories adjacent to such white spots cannot completely replace a full-fledged study of HF within them. Nevertheless, the existing methods of geostatistics allow, by processing the available network of results, to ensure the construction of a map of the entire study area. In our case, the kriging technique was applied. The method works best inside a wrapper defined by peripheral data. In areas with a stable «wavelength» of HF anomalies, it is possible to fill in the gaps of the map without any problems. Naturally, with a noticeable smoothing of field variations. Most of the processed fragments of the map belonged to this type. A new edition of the description of the distribution of Ukraine's geoenergy resources is considered. We used a map of the deep heat flow processed by the kriging method and the construction of maps by region with the calculation of thermal conductivity at depths of up to 6 km at their contacts. This allowed to fill in the gaps in the network of experimental data and clarify the position and intensity of parameter anomalies in the southern part of the Carpathians, the north-eastern slope of the shield, in the Donbass and improve the overall assessment of geoenergy resources (up to 1.1 trillion tons of reference fuel). Geothermal energy from the deepest possible extraction interval (5.5—6.0 km) is about 26 times larger than the reserves of all fossil fuels in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67115205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"U-Pb isotopic geochronology of the monazite gneisses of the «zelenolevadivska suite» of the Middle Bug region","authors":"L. Stepanyuk, O. Vysotsky, T. Dovbush, S. Kurylo","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2022.04.068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2022.04.068","url":null,"abstract":"On the right bank of the South Bug river valley, opposite the village of Zelena Levada crystalline rocks are observed in separate scattered rock outcrops, more than 1 km long along the river bed. A bundle of hypersthene-biotite and biotite plagiogneisses is exposed here, which in some areas has undergone calishpatization, manifested in the form of unevenly placed porphyroblasts of potassium feldspar, thin veins of quartz-feldspar composition and migmatization. Gneisses are dissected by single veined and lenticular bodies of granites. The gneiss pack is assigned to the Zelenolevada stratum of the Dniester- Bug series. The section is considered to be a stratotype for the Zelenolevada Formation. So far, the following values of isotopic ages have been obtained for monazites from microclinized plagiogneiss and from a lenticular body of granite exposed in this area — 2031.5 ± 6.7 million years and 2030.3 ± 1.7 million years, respectively. This publication presents the dating results of monazites from calishpatized plagiogneiss. microclination is manifested in the formation of thin veins composed of quartz+microcline+plagioclase+ biotite and porphyroblasts of microcline. Optical studies of polished sections of zircon crystals revealed that the crystals of this mineral have a complex structure, they are formed by heterogeneous, often with rounded contours, light pink (brownish pink) cores and shells of milky white zircon. The presence of heterogeneous, including cores with rounded (rolled) cores indicates the primary-sedimentary (volcanogenic-sedimentary) nature of plagiogneiss. According to the results of uranium-lead isotope dating of multigrain samples of monazite, the age of monazite (weighted aver- age value based on the ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ratio) is 2031.5 ± 2.7 million years.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67115233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integral assessment of the geodynamic conditions for the formation of the Black Sea basin and connection with the current regime of groundwater in its northwestern shelf","authors":"S. Klochkov","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2022.04.076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2022.04.076","url":null,"abstract":"The paper has a multidisciplinary character connecting bathymetric, geophysical and geological information to innovatively reconstruct the geodynamic conditions of the Black Sea basin formation, their influence on the modern relief and groundwater regime within its northwestern shelf as a reference region. The major goal is the rationale of modern geodynamic settings for the Black Sea Basin against the back- ground of the processes of its closure under tangential compression conditions, as well as their relation- ship with the hydrogeological conditions of the shelf zone. As primary evidence, the author determined the spatial positions of the Constanta-Sinop and SubPontian Suture Zones, pinpointing absorption locations of the Earth's crust at subduction zones. The facts and arguments presented in this paper are well integrated into the scheme of the oncoming of the Pontides island arc to the Eurasian Plate and the gradual closure of the back-arc marginal Black Sea Basin with a crust of transitional-type crust. The specific feature of the study is an innovative approach to comprehensive analysis of data that are a result of geological and geophysical works within the Black Sea water area. In doing so, major attention is paid to the spatial morphostructural analysis and interpretation of newly integrated digital data array, as a result of bathymetric surveys, namely the EMODnet 2019—2022. The subject of analysis is the basic structural surfaces, including the Modern and on its margin consolidated basement. New justification is formulated on the confinement of gas seeps and mud volcanoes, within the Black Sea Basin, to the deep earth`s crust structures. The graphical correlation of the mentioned ones is performed as well as their spatial position in the structural-geodynamic model of the region is theoretically substantiated. A generalized geomorphological zoning of the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea with the identification of the Dobrogea, Odesa and Kalamit zone is proposed. Within the Odesa geomorphological region, an integrated geological and geomorphological analysis was carried out and, as a result, dividing the shelf into submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) zone of aquifer was substantiated. The study, carried out by the author is of crucial importance to understanding the tectonic and geo- dynamic characteristics of the Black Sea Basin as well as for forecasting SGD zones and fresh groundwater resources. It is recommended to set targeted prospecting works to assess fresh groundwater resources in order to meet the water needs of coastal communities.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67115334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ozone and ultraviolet in the Earth's atmosphere","authors":"V. Gordienko, L. Gordienko, Ya.A. Honcharova","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2022.02.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2022.02.045","url":null,"abstract":"The appearance of the ozone layer (OL) in the Earth’s atmosphere and the associated processes of attenuation of the ultraviolet (UV) part of solar radiation reaching the surface are considered. It is shown that the role of OL in protecting living organisms from the destructive effects of exposure to the short-wavelength part of the insolation spectrum is immensely exaggerated. Ozone is generated by UV radiation below the ionosphere when oxygen molecules in the air are divided. When absorbed by UV rays, it is destroyed. Ozone exists for the longest time at minimum temperatures of the atmosphere. This circumstance and the increased density lead to the accumulation of O3 above the tropopause, where the OL is formed. The amount of simultaneously existing gas is extremely insignificant — about 10⁻⁶ air. It is this circumstance that makes it possible to estimate its contribution to the absorption of UV rays as vanishingly small. Compared with it, the scattering of rays by air molecules is incomparably more effective, although each single act of absorption of the middle part of the ultraviolet is several times greater than a single result of scattering. One can agree with the idea of the elimination of ozone molecules by reaction with freons and other gases containing halogens, including those of volcanic origin. It is also possible that it interacts with hydrogen, but H2 rather arising in the atmosphere, and not in the bowels of the Earth. But the processes of changing the OL, including the periodic formation of «ozone holes», do not pose any danger and are explained by natural phenomena, and not by human activity. A very expensive campaign to save the layer makes no sense. On the other hand, ground5level ozone concentration increases over time precisely under the influence of industrial emissions. In the cities of developed countries, the content of this poisonous gas already often exceeds permissible levels and it is time to take up more effective counteraction to its accumulation.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67115415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief research history and modern knowledge of the phenomenon of submarine groundwater discharge on the sea and ocean shelves","authors":"V. Iemelianov, P. Kiriakov, O. Rybak, O. O. Paryshev, M. Maslakov, S. Klochkov","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2022.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2022.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater is widely spread both on land and under seas and oceans. Today, hydrogeologists and oceanologists recognize the potentially significant contribution of submarine groundwater discharge to coastal areas. The term submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is commonly used to describe sources below sea level. It should be noted that submarine waters also include the sources located within tidal (littoral) zones, although they get underwater only during high tides. Observation of submarine discharge showed its significant impact on the ecological condition of coastal structures. Along with the percolation of underground water along most of the world’s coastlines, a significant amount of fresh water and substances dissolved in it is spread across large areas. However, the role of such a phenomenon as submarine discharge for coastal communities is practically not considered. The article gives examples from many literary sources, highlighting the importance of submarine discharge sources for local population in their everyday activities for many centuries. This is a source of drinking water, hygienic product, water for agriculture, fishing, shipping, culture, and tourism. In many parts of the world, there are sources of submarine discharge, which have a unique shape and are considered important only because of their exceptional nature and the habitat of freshwater organisms. These examples confirm the uniqueness of such a phenomenon of live activity of coastal communities. As a result, there is a necessity for a comprehensive approach to the study of submarine discharge, which is relevant not only from the point of view of changes in coastal environment but also from the point of view of the global circulation of water and substances on Earth.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67114979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The map of the bottom relief of the Sea of Azov","authors":"V. Skvortsov","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2022.03.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2022.03.040","url":null,"abstract":"The map of the bottom relief of the Sea of Azov is compiled according to remote sensing data of Earth on the base the information resource Google Earth. Mapping of the bottom relief was carried out on 36»-th network of the absolute bottom marks, which provides a much more detailed display of the relief compared to existing bathymetric maps. The created map reveals important features of the bottom relief of various water areas of the Sea of Azov, interpreted as the consequences of lithodynamic, as well as geotectonic processes.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67115104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of antique and medieval cultural heritage in the space of geoecosystems of the Northern Black Sea area and the Black Sea shelf from the Danube to the Berezan estuary","authors":"V. Iemelianov, M. Ievlev, O. Chubenko","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2022.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2022.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the typification and gives a brief description of underwater archaeological sites of ancient and medieval cultural heritage, the main types of ancient shores, as well as the most significant objects studied so far in the space of the geoecosystems of the Northern Black Sea (GESNBS) and the marine geoecosystem (MGES) of the shelf from the Danube delta to the Berezan estuary and the island of Berezan. The results of research on archaeological sites located in this territory are presented. A preliminary reconstruction of the shores that existed in this part of the Northern Black Sea Coast has been made. Nowadays, these archaeological sites are partially or completely located in the areas of the Black Sea shelf and its basin subsystems of a lower level (bays, ducts, estuaries, deltas, etc.), mainly at the boundary of their aquatic (from the Latin aqua — water) (AQESUS) and geological (GEOESUS) subsystems of the MGES shelf. The main objective of this article, which the authors set while writing it, was to show the potential of antique and medieval cultural heritage, which was formed in the relevant ancient times in the space of paleogeoecosystems of the Northern Black Sea but is now preserved in the MGES space of the modern Black Sea shelf from the Danube River to the Berezan estuary. Among the main tasks of this article is a brief description of the already known archaeological, in particular underwater, sites of antique and medieval cultural heritage, some other interesting underwater archaeological artifacts, and their future imposition on the modern geological, geographical and bathymetric framework with reference to certain AQESUS and GEOESUS of MGES of the Black Sea. This is important not only for historical and archaeological reconstructions but also for solving the problems of in-depth knowledge of the causes and consequences of changes in the paleogeological and modern geoecological conditions of the Azov-Black Sea basin and GESNBS shelf, dynamics and directions of their development. Such research is also important both for the development of public culture, expansion of the historical consciousness of the population of Ukraine and for solving some economic problems in the development of communities in the Northern Black Sea region by attracting investment to the development of coastal and underwater tourism, predicting the impact of many geoecological processes inherent in this studied region on the peculiarities of the conditions of search, identification, use and preservation of the historical and archaeological potential of antique and medieval cultural heritage located in the space of GESNBS and MGES of the modern Black Sea shelf as their anthropogenic component, affecting the lives of residents of the region under consideration, from ancient times until the present.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67115153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation model of sound backscattering in gas flares and evaluation of the potential accuracy of determining seep coordinates by split-beam echosounders","authors":"A. Lyubitskiy, A. Omelchenko","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2022.04.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2022.04.053","url":null,"abstract":"A simulation model of sound backscattering in gas flares is presented, designed to solve direct and inverse problems of acoustic sensing of flares using the simulation (computer) modeling method. The model is based on the concept of the discrete character of sound scattering in a gas plume, according to which the received echo signal is the sum of elementary signals, backward-scattered bubbles that form the flare. At the same time, the model of sound reverberation in a gas flare is considered as a temporary random process in the absence of multiple scattering effects. The model takes into account the distributions of gas bubbles by sizes and rise velocities, as well as the evolution of bubbles and their gas exchange with the marine environment during ascent. Based on this, the potential accuracy of deter- mining the coordinates of gaseous sources (seeps) by a split-beam echo sounder was estimated by simulation modeling. It has been established that the main parameters that determine the RMS (root- mean-square deviations) of the estimates from the actual coordinates are the transverse size of the flare near the bottom, the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio), and the volume of echo signal samples. Dependences of the RMS on the determining parameters are obtained.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67115216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}