Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15407/gpimo2021.02.022
I. Lomakin, Ye.A. Sarvirov, V. Kochelab
The long-term high level of world gold prices against the background of depletion of reserves with easily extracted metal leads to the search for and introduction into industrial development of deposits, even with low-tech ores and sands. This, in turn, requires the introduction of effective technologies for the enrichment and extraction of gold, contributes to the improvement of methods of exploration. At present, numerous manifestations of placer gold of various scales are known in the sedimentary strata of Meso-Cenozoic deposits in the south of Ukraine. But the real picture of the distribution and the actual scale of gold deposits in Ukraine are uncompleted and unreliable. This is due to the inconsistency of the applied search technique, which was aimed at identifying near-subglacial valley deposits, to the actual properties of gold-bearing formations. Gold in most Ukrainian placers is represented mainly by small, fine and dispersed particles in a significantly clay substrate. Therefore, the traditional geological samples washing by tray led to excessive losses of fine gold and to a significant underestimation of the gold potential. That is why we need to revise the results of previously obtained geological data. Detection of placer gold deposits of Ukraine is possible under the condition of increasing the efficiency of the local forecast and the reliability of field research. The most favorable situations for the accumulation of a useful component are structural denudation traps in tectonic depressive zones. The technology of sample enrichment must correspond to the actual properties of specific raw materials in the placer object. The types of technological equipment are given and some ways of increase of efficiency and reliability of test are offered. The article continues the series of publications devoted to solving the problems of studying placer gold content with a dominant share of fine and dispersed gold in sedimentary formations of the south of Ukraine.
{"title":"Peculiarities of search for placer deposits of gold of the south of Ukraine","authors":"I. Lomakin, Ye.A. Sarvirov, V. Kochelab","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2021.02.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2021.02.022","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term high level of world gold prices against the background of depletion of reserves with easily extracted metal leads to the search for and introduction into industrial development of deposits, even with low-tech ores and sands. This, in turn, requires the introduction of effective technologies for the enrichment and extraction of gold, contributes to the improvement of methods of exploration. At present, numerous manifestations of placer gold of various scales are known in the sedimentary strata of Meso-Cenozoic deposits in the south of Ukraine. But the real picture of the distribution and the actual scale of gold deposits in Ukraine are uncompleted and unreliable. This is due to the inconsistency of the applied search technique, which was aimed at identifying near-subglacial valley deposits, to the actual properties of gold-bearing formations. Gold in most Ukrainian placers is represented mainly by small, fine and dispersed particles in a significantly clay substrate. Therefore, the traditional geological samples washing by tray led to excessive losses of fine gold and to a significant underestimation of the gold potential. That is why we need to revise the results of previously obtained geological data. Detection of placer gold deposits of Ukraine is possible under the condition of increasing the efficiency of the local forecast and the reliability of field research. The most favorable situations for the accumulation of a useful component are structural denudation traps in tectonic depressive zones. The technology of sample enrichment must correspond to the actual properties of specific raw materials in the placer object. The types of technological equipment are given and some ways of increase of efficiency and reliability of test are offered. The article continues the series of publications devoted to solving the problems of studying placer gold content with a dominant share of fine and dispersed gold in sedimentary formations of the south of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67114508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15407/gpimo2021.03.022
V. Kobolev, S. Mikhailyuk, A. Safronov
Physical properties of gas hydrate-containing sediments (HCS) are extremely important information for the development of methods for their search and exploration. The presence of gas hydrates in marine bottom sediments significantly changes their physical properties, so they can be detected by marine remote geophysical observations. The physical properties of HCS are very important for detecting the presence of these compounds, estimating the amount of captured gas hydrates by sediments, as well as developing methods for using this resource. Currently, the study of physical properties concerned mainly artificial gas hydrates in the process of formation and decomposition under various thermodynamic conditions in their pure form. Therefore, very little is known about the physical properties of HCS, which makes their detection by remote geophysical surveys too difficult. Development and creation of experimental laboratory modular complex for formation of artificial methane gas hydrates in various lithological-granulometric matrices (sandstones, argillites, siltstones, etc.) and measurement of their physical properties in thermodynamic conditions of bottom sediments of the Black Sea, will increase efficiency technology of methane hydrate deposits development. Under experimental conditions, along with the thermal conductivity and velocities of longitudinal and transverse waves of artificial HCS, the parameters of elastic deformation, strength, and decay characteristics will be measured, which will allow performing theoretical analysis to build models based on different hypotheses of their genesis. At the S.I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine created a model of the installation for the formation and study of the physical properties of HCS. The development is based on the modern technological level of research in the field of thermobaric petro- physical experimental modeling of geological environments, as well as on the use of modern software and hardware laboratory research to obtain physical properties of bottom sediments of various lithological and particle size distribution.
{"title":"Experimental laboratory complex for studying the physical properties of artificially formed gas-hydrate-containing sediments","authors":"V. Kobolev, S. Mikhailyuk, A. Safronov","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2021.03.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2021.03.022","url":null,"abstract":"Physical properties of gas hydrate-containing sediments (HCS) are extremely important information for the development of methods for their search and exploration. The presence of gas hydrates in marine bottom sediments significantly changes their physical properties, so they can be detected by marine remote geophysical observations. The physical properties of HCS are very important for detecting the presence of these compounds, estimating the amount of captured gas hydrates by sediments, as well as developing methods for using this resource. Currently, the study of physical properties concerned mainly artificial gas hydrates in the process of formation and decomposition under various thermodynamic conditions in their pure form. Therefore, very little is known about the physical properties of HCS, which makes their detection by remote geophysical surveys too difficult. Development and creation of experimental laboratory modular complex for formation of artificial methane gas hydrates in various lithological-granulometric matrices (sandstones, argillites, siltstones, etc.) and measurement of their physical properties in thermodynamic conditions of bottom sediments of the Black Sea, will increase efficiency technology of methane hydrate deposits development. Under experimental conditions, along with the thermal conductivity and velocities of longitudinal and transverse waves of artificial HCS, the parameters of elastic deformation, strength, and decay characteristics will be measured, which will allow performing theoretical analysis to build models based on different hypotheses of their genesis. At the S.I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine created a model of the installation for the formation and study of the physical properties of HCS. The development is based on the modern technological level of research in the field of thermobaric petro- physical experimental modeling of geological environments, as well as on the use of modern software and hardware laboratory research to obtain physical properties of bottom sediments of various lithological and particle size distribution.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67114565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15407/gpimo2021.04.003
Y. Shnyukov, V. Kobolev
In the Black Sea near Yalta in 1927 there were massive methane outbursts, accompanied by flames over the water. The fire was associated with methane emissions that entered through tectonic faults. The faults were caused by seismic movements. The article analyses the depth structure of the focal zones and the nature of the seismic process and assesses the nature of the manifestations of the fires. The main factor is thought to be methane, which rises from the earth’s crust during earthquakes. The electric spark discharges generated by friction and collision of the earth’s crust ignited methane gas. The massive gas emissions of millions of cubic meters that can be called gas plumes have been fixed. The spatial and temporal direction of the fire phenomena has been established. The main fire outbreaks over the water extended in two directions. The first, the SevastopolEvpatoria zone, stretches submeridionally to the coast and follows the Mykolayiv fault system. The second one is the Yalta Alushta zone with north-eastern extension. It is associated with tectonic faults within the CircumBlack Sea region, fault zone. This fault zone is active even at present, as indicated by seismicity, the structure of the consolidated crust and sedimentary strata, bottom topography forms, etc. Analysis of geological and geophysical materials, and seismicity of the northern Black Sea region, indicate that the fire events during the Yalta earthquakes in 1927 were caused by massive methane ejections as a result of a powerful mantle gas-fluid flow into the dissolved zones of the crystalline basement along the tectonic faults of different scales within the OdessaSinop and Circum Black Sea fault zones. Earthquakes triggered the activation of tectonic faults in benthic sedimentary horizons for the migration of focused deep-seated gas-fluid streams.
{"title":"FIRE GAS PLUMES DURING THE 1927 YALTA EARTHQUAKES","authors":"Y. Shnyukov, V. Kobolev","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2021.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2021.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"In the Black Sea near Yalta in 1927 there were massive methane outbursts, accompanied by flames over the water. The fire was associated with methane emissions that entered through tectonic faults. The faults were caused by seismic movements. The article analyses the depth structure of the focal zones and the nature of the seismic process and assesses the nature of the manifestations of the fires. The main factor is thought to be methane, which rises from the earth’s crust during earthquakes. The electric spark discharges generated by friction and collision of the earth’s crust ignited methane gas. The massive gas emissions of millions of cubic meters that can be called gas plumes have been fixed. The spatial and temporal direction of the fire phenomena has been established. The main fire outbreaks over the water extended in two directions. The first, the SevastopolEvpatoria zone, stretches submeridionally to the coast and follows the Mykolayiv fault system. The second one is the Yalta Alushta zone with north-eastern extension. It is associated with tectonic faults within the CircumBlack Sea region, fault zone. This fault zone is active even at present, as indicated by seismicity, the structure of the consolidated crust and sedimentary strata, bottom topography forms, etc. Analysis of geological and geophysical materials, and seismicity of the northern Black Sea region, indicate that the fire events during the Yalta earthquakes in 1927 were caused by massive methane ejections as a result of a powerful mantle gas-fluid flow into the dissolved zones of the crystalline basement along the tectonic faults of different scales within the OdessaSinop and Circum Black Sea fault zones. Earthquakes triggered the activation of tectonic faults in benthic sedimentary horizons for the migration of focused deep-seated gas-fluid streams.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67114640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15407/gpimo2021.01.003
Y. Shnyukov, Y. Inozemtsev, O. Rybak, O. Parishev, L. Stupina
The publication is based on a large body of data on gas outcrops in the northwest of the Black Sea, and in particular, the paleo-Kalanchak area. The material was obtained during the voyages carried out on the R/V of the Department of Marine Geology and Sedimentary Ore Formation of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, as well as data from literary sources. More than 3000 methane sips were identified in the study area. The vast majority of gas emissions in the area of paleo-river Kalanchak, as well as in other areas of the northwestern sector of the Black Sea, is confined to the upper part of the continental slope and the adjacent area of the shelf. Practically it is a band 45 km wide on both sides of the shelf edge. Seismic and acoustic profiles were studied in this article. Their analysis indicates that gas chimneys are not distributed randomly but concentrated in specific locations. A certain relationship between the spatial distribution of methane outcrops on the seafloor and geomorphological structures, as well as tectonic structure, primarily faults is traced. Gas chimneys are associated with various forms of seafloor topography, but their greatest number is located at the mouths of paleo-river canyons. The article provides more detailed geomorphological information of the paleo-river network of the NW Black Sea. In the estuarine canyon, gas emissions form along the sedimentary ridges, gas chimneys appear at the bottoms of canyons, their peripheries, or near the dumps of submarine landslides, where the sedimentary cover is disturbed by mass transport. On the shelf, the greatest concentration of gas chimneys is found in circular and elongated depressions (pockmarks). Based on the study of acoustic profiles, gas chimneys of the Paleo-Kalanchak part of the Black Sea were classified according to a few features: the depth of location, height of gas release, gas flow capacity, form of gas release, mode of operation. The results of the research are also presented in graphical materials (histograms of gas chimneys distribution by depth and height of gas discharge, map of sip location by the Paleo-Kalanchak River area).
{"title":"GAS CHIMNEYS IN THE NW BLACK SEA NEAR THE KALANCHAK PALEOBRIVER","authors":"Y. Shnyukov, Y. Inozemtsev, O. Rybak, O. Parishev, L. Stupina","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2021.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2021.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"The publication is based on a large body of data on gas outcrops in the northwest of the Black Sea, and in particular, the paleo-Kalanchak area. The material was obtained during the voyages carried out on the R/V of the Department of Marine Geology and Sedimentary Ore Formation of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, as well as data from literary sources. More than 3000 methane sips were identified in the study area. The vast majority of gas emissions in the area of paleo-river Kalanchak, as well as in other areas of the northwestern sector of the Black Sea, is confined to the upper part of the continental slope and the adjacent area of the shelf. Practically it is a band 45 km wide on both sides of the shelf edge. Seismic and acoustic profiles were studied in this article. Their analysis indicates that gas chimneys are not distributed randomly but concentrated in specific locations. A certain relationship between the spatial distribution of methane outcrops on the seafloor and geomorphological structures, as well as tectonic structure, primarily faults is traced. Gas chimneys are associated with various forms of seafloor topography, but their greatest number is located at the mouths of paleo-river canyons. The article provides more detailed geomorphological information of the paleo-river network of the NW Black Sea. In the estuarine canyon, gas emissions form along the sedimentary ridges, gas chimneys appear at the bottoms of canyons, their peripheries, or near the dumps of submarine landslides, where the sedimentary cover is disturbed by mass transport. On the shelf, the greatest concentration of gas chimneys is found in circular and elongated depressions (pockmarks). Based on the study of acoustic profiles, gas chimneys of the Paleo-Kalanchak part of the Black Sea were classified according to a few features: the depth of location, height of gas release, gas flow capacity, form of gas release, mode of operation. The results of the research are also presented in graphical materials (histograms of gas chimneys distribution by depth and height of gas discharge, map of sip location by the Paleo-Kalanchak River area).","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67114821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15407/gpimo2021.01.057
V. Nesterovskyi, N.O. Hryshchanko, M. Deiak
The work is devoted to the results of many years of research and observations of mud volcanoes on the Kerch Peninsula. It aims to reveal the most important factors and aspects related to their origin, activity and impact on the geological history of the region. About 50 fossil and modern mud volcanoes have been defined on the Kerch Peninsula and the adjacent part of the water area. Their activity is consistent with the phases of activation of the alpine tectogenesis of the Crimean-Caucasian segment and is intermittent and impulsive. In the geological history of the peninsula, four main bursts of mud volcanic activity are clearly recorded: in the Upper Maikop, Chokrak-Karagan, Sarmatian and Cimmerian. Its greatest activity is manifested in the late Miocene and early Pliocene. Favorable factors for the development of mud volcanoes within the peninsula are the presence of a thick layer of plastic clays enriched in water and gas fluids, the widespread development of brachyanticlinal folds in the Neogene structural surface and a network of deep faults and fractures. The activity of mud volcanoes is associated with the formation of specific compensation structures – depressed synclines, which have become widespread on the Kerch Peninsula. The latter, depending on the paleogeographic conditions (sea, land) and the structural position of volcanoes in the anticlines, have acquired different specifics of structure and filling. Some depressed synclines are associated with iron ore deposits, which differ from typical iron ores of the mulde type by significant capacity, structural and textural features and material composition. Components of hydrothermal and exogenous origin have been defined in the products of mud volcanism: mud gases, mud waters, mud breccias, which indicates the genetic connection of this phenomenon with deep and near-surface processes. In addition, liquid, solid and gaseous hydrocarbons are often detected in volcanic eruptions. The latter are a criterion for searching for oil and gas at depth. Mud volcanoes of the Kerch Peninsula are a unique testing ground for monitoring the processes of modern mineral formation, the dynamics of deep processes and seismic activity in the region.
{"title":"GENETIC MODEL OF MUD VOLCANISM OF THE KERCH PENINSULA (SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED ASPECTS)","authors":"V. Nesterovskyi, N.O. Hryshchanko, M. Deiak","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2021.01.057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2021.01.057","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to the results of many years of research and observations of mud volcanoes on the Kerch Peninsula. It aims to reveal the most important factors and aspects related to their origin, activity and impact on the geological history of the region. About 50 fossil and modern mud volcanoes have been defined on the Kerch Peninsula and the adjacent part of the water area. Their activity is consistent with the phases of activation of the alpine tectogenesis of the Crimean-Caucasian segment and is intermittent and impulsive. In the geological history of the peninsula, four main bursts of mud volcanic activity are clearly recorded: in the Upper Maikop, Chokrak-Karagan, Sarmatian and Cimmerian. Its greatest activity is manifested in the late Miocene and early Pliocene. Favorable factors for the development of mud volcanoes within the peninsula are the presence of a thick layer of plastic clays enriched in water and gas fluids, the widespread development of brachyanticlinal folds in the Neogene structural surface and a network of deep faults and fractures. The activity of mud volcanoes is associated with the formation of specific compensation structures – depressed synclines, which have become widespread on the Kerch Peninsula. The latter, depending on the paleogeographic conditions (sea, land) and the structural position of volcanoes in the anticlines, have acquired different specifics of structure and filling. Some depressed synclines are associated with iron ore deposits, which differ from typical iron ores of the mulde type by significant capacity, structural and textural features and material composition. Components of hydrothermal and exogenous origin have been defined in the products of mud volcanism: mud gases, mud waters, mud breccias, which indicates the genetic connection of this phenomenon with deep and near-surface processes. In addition, liquid, solid and gaseous hydrocarbons are often detected in volcanic eruptions. The latter are a criterion for searching for oil and gas at depth. Mud volcanoes of the Kerch Peninsula are a unique testing ground for monitoring the processes of modern mineral formation, the dynamics of deep processes and seismic activity in the region.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67114835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15407/gpimo2021.04.032
O. Naumenko, P. Korzhnev, T.V. Gusinina, U. Naumenko
The work is devoted to the study of geomorphological features of the marine paleobasin and adjacent territories in the Lower Carboniferous time. The object of the study was the Upper Cretaceous terrigenous-domanitic-clay complex deposits of the DnieperDonets avalanche. This complex is located within the Sribnenska Depression and its bordering areas. The geological study of this area, borehole data and the results of geophysical survey methods contributed to the possibility of paleogeomorphological modeling of the sedimentary basin. This made it possible to determine the basic criteria and regularities of hydrocarbon trap genesis. Based on the results of well core studies, lithological features of silty-sandy sediments and clayey rocks were established. The Upper Terrigenous-Domanicoid Clayey Complex is predominantly represented by dark-colored flichoidal clayey sediments of the depressive type. Sandstones comprising the terrigenous portion of the complex are characterized by a massive texture and multidirectional layering. Cement in the sandstones is represented by flake monoclinic kaolinite; admixture of degraded hydromica, less frequently calcite, ankerite, and siderite is also observed. Sediments of this type are typical of fluvial outcrops in a depressive, stagnant marine basin. sediments were deposited by submarine delta and turbid currents and contour currents. Paleogeological models reflecting the facies distribution patterns of the paleobasin during the Upper Thaw time have been created on the basis of the logging data. It is shown that structural relations in summer play the role of traps for hydrocarbons. The sedimentation and paleogeomorphological preconditions of oil and gas deposits formation in the terrigenous-domanicoid-clay complex are analyzed on the examples of the known fields and the areas favorable for formation of hydrocarbon deposits are singled out.
{"title":"PALEOGEOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE SRIBNENSKA DEPRESSION IN THE LOW CARBON TIME ASSOCIATED WITH OIL AND GAS","authors":"O. Naumenko, P. Korzhnev, T.V. Gusinina, U. Naumenko","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2021.04.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2021.04.032","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to the study of geomorphological features of the marine paleobasin and adjacent territories in the Lower Carboniferous time. The object of the study was the Upper Cretaceous terrigenous-domanitic-clay complex deposits of the DnieperDonets avalanche. This complex is located within the Sribnenska Depression and its bordering areas. The geological study of this area, borehole data and the results of geophysical survey methods contributed to the possibility of paleogeomorphological modeling of the sedimentary basin. This made it possible to determine the basic criteria and regularities of hydrocarbon trap genesis. Based on the results of well core studies, lithological features of silty-sandy sediments and clayey rocks were established. The Upper Terrigenous-Domanicoid Clayey Complex is predominantly represented by dark-colored flichoidal clayey sediments of the depressive type. Sandstones comprising the terrigenous portion of the complex are characterized by a massive texture and multidirectional layering. Cement in the sandstones is represented by flake monoclinic kaolinite; admixture of degraded hydromica, less frequently calcite, ankerite, and siderite is also observed. Sediments of this type are typical of fluvial outcrops in a depressive, stagnant marine basin. sediments were deposited by submarine delta and turbid currents and contour currents. Paleogeological models reflecting the facies distribution patterns of the paleobasin during the Upper Thaw time have been created on the basis of the logging data. It is shown that structural relations in summer play the role of traps for hydrocarbons. The sedimentation and paleogeomorphological preconditions of oil and gas deposits formation in the terrigenous-domanicoid-clay complex are analyzed on the examples of the known fields and the areas favorable for formation of hydrocarbon deposits are singled out.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67115017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15407/gpimo2021.02.034
Y. Inozemtsev, O. Parishev, M. Maslakov, O. Rybak, L. Stupina
The results of comparison of stratigraphic sections of Upper Pleistocene-Holocene sediments of the Black and Azov Seas, the main stratotypic areas: the Kerch Strait, the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea, the Azov Sea and its southern shores. It was established that in the post-Karangate time, as a result of fluctuations in the level of the World Ocean and the Ponto-Caspian basin connected with it through the Bosporus Strait, the character of sedimentation, and above all, the distribution in it of Mediterranean and Caspian mollusc complexes is the main criterion for the character of sedimentation and correlation of stratigraphic horizons. It has been established that the Kerch Strait presents a complex section formed by repeated alternation of marine and river sediments with their accompanying complex of mollusks, which served as the basis for the separation of such stratigraphic horizons as Surozh, Alan, Gorkan, Enikale. In other parts of marine areas similar or close to them types of sediments are called Kazantip in the Azov Sea and Tarhankut in the Karkinit Gulf of the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea. The stratigraphic correlation of different facies sediments in different parts of the shelf of the Black and Azov Seas requires further more detailed study of sedimentation conditions, with regard to the timing of the Caspian fauna representatives in the Upper Pleistocene-Holocene sediments of the Azov-Black Sea basin.
{"title":"Stratigraphy of the Upper Pleistocene","authors":"Y. Inozemtsev, O. Parishev, M. Maslakov, O. Rybak, L. Stupina","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2021.02.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2021.02.034","url":null,"abstract":"The results of comparison of stratigraphic sections of Upper Pleistocene-Holocene sediments of the Black and Azov Seas, the main stratotypic areas: the Kerch Strait, the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea, the Azov Sea and its southern shores. It was established that in the post-Karangate time, as a result of fluctuations in the level of the World Ocean and the Ponto-Caspian basin connected with it through the Bosporus Strait, the character of sedimentation, and above all, the distribution in it of Mediterranean and Caspian mollusc complexes is the main criterion for the character of sedimentation and correlation of stratigraphic horizons. It has been established that the Kerch Strait presents a complex section formed by repeated alternation of marine and river sediments with their accompanying complex of mollusks, which served as the basis for the separation of such stratigraphic horizons as Surozh, Alan, Gorkan, Enikale. In other parts of marine areas similar or close to them types of sediments are called Kazantip in the Azov Sea and Tarhankut in the Karkinit Gulf of the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea. The stratigraphic correlation of different facies sediments in different parts of the shelf of the Black and Azov Seas requires further more detailed study of sedimentation conditions, with regard to the timing of the Caspian fauna representatives in the Upper Pleistocene-Holocene sediments of the Azov-Black Sea basin.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67114518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15407/gpimo2021.03.034
V. Iemelianov, Ye.I. Nasiedkin, T. Kukovska, O. Mytrofanova
The publication highlights a number of the problem aspects of the geoecosystem components pollution of the Black Sea Ukrainian sector by plastic waste and microplastics. On the field research and literature sources processing basis a question review was carried out and certain analytical generalizations were received. Emphasis is placed on the insufficient problem study degree of the shelf Ukrainian part pollution by synthetic and artificial polymers in comparison with similar areas of other Black Sea countries. This determines the need for initial systematization and identification of current research areas on this issue, and the field observations implementation and an information base creation. The conducted field works results in the area of Yuzhne city beach are presented, the main purpose of which was to study the peculiarities of plastic waste and microplastics distribution in current sand deposits and sea suspension of active recreation areas. Analysis of the obtained data involving of similar studies results presented in the available literature shows a low level of Yuzhne beach area pollution compared to some parts of the coast within the Mediterranean, North Atlantic, and Bulgarian sec- tor of the Black Sea. The conducted research allowed gaining practical experience, determining a certain arsenal of field research methods and getting a preliminary idea of pollution degree and plastic waste quality composition within Ukraine coastal city popular recreation area. Further problem state analysis, practical field work and the appropriate laboratory base development will increase the reliability of obtaining and processing data on volumes, sources and routes of plastic waste entry into the Black Sea ecosystems, as well as harmonize the processes of obtaining and processing data in accordance with established global methodologies and techniques.
{"title":"Regarding the distribution of plastic waste within the surf zone of Yuzhne city beach","authors":"V. Iemelianov, Ye.I. Nasiedkin, T. Kukovska, O. Mytrofanova","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2021.03.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2021.03.034","url":null,"abstract":"The publication highlights a number of the problem aspects of the geoecosystem components pollution of the Black Sea Ukrainian sector by plastic waste and microplastics. On the field research and literature sources processing basis a question review was carried out and certain analytical generalizations were received. Emphasis is placed on the insufficient problem study degree of the shelf Ukrainian part pollution by synthetic and artificial polymers in comparison with similar areas of other Black Sea countries. This determines the need for initial systematization and identification of current research areas on this issue, and the field observations implementation and an information base creation. The conducted field works results in the area of Yuzhne city beach are presented, the main purpose of which was to study the peculiarities of plastic waste and microplastics distribution in current sand deposits and sea suspension of active recreation areas. Analysis of the obtained data involving of similar studies results presented in the available literature shows a low level of Yuzhne beach area pollution compared to some parts of the coast within the Mediterranean, North Atlantic, and Bulgarian sec- tor of the Black Sea. The conducted research allowed gaining practical experience, determining a certain arsenal of field research methods and getting a preliminary idea of pollution degree and plastic waste quality composition within Ukraine coastal city popular recreation area. Further problem state analysis, practical field work and the appropriate laboratory base development will increase the reliability of obtaining and processing data on volumes, sources and routes of plastic waste entry into the Black Sea ecosystems, as well as harmonize the processes of obtaining and processing data in accordance with established global methodologies and techniques.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67114626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15407/gpimo2021.01.075
V. Gordienko, L. Gordienko, J.A. Goncharova, V. Tarasov
An attempt is considered to supplement the criteria for identifying zones of recent activation in the territory of Ukraine with another one — data on the results of studies of helium concentration in ground-water. The previous analysis of information showed that as regional criteria, information can be applied on anomalies in heat flow, increased electrical conductivity of Earth’s crustal and the upper mantle rocks, distribution of mantle gravitational anomalies, and surface uplifts over the past millions of years. They were chosen among others precisely because of the dissemination of relevant information throughout the country. This requirement is also met by the permeability Scheme of the earth’s crust of Ukraine, which is a fragment of the permeability Scheme of the earth’s crust of the European part of the USSR based on the results of helium studies. The principal applicability of such information for solving the problem is shown. Areas of maximum helium concentrations in near-surface waters are indicated, primarily those associated with disjunctive dislocation. Theу are concentrated in the south-west of Ukraine and in Moldova. The disadvantages of the Scheme are noted, due to poor study and significant variations in background gas concentrations, directly caused not by recent activation, but by the peculiarities of helium generation by rocks of the upper part of the earth’s crust. There are inconsistencies between the previously obtained ideas about the activated zones and the data of the Scheme. They are especially large in the Carpathian, Crimean and Donetsk regions, and are noticeable in others. Therefore, it seems necessary, first, to continue research, thicken the network of observations and develop a methodology for analyzing their results.
{"title":"ZONES OF RECENT ACTIVATION AND SCHEME OF THE EARTH CRUST PERMEABILITY OF UKRAINE","authors":"V. Gordienko, L. Gordienko, J.A. Goncharova, V. Tarasov","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2021.01.075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2021.01.075","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt is considered to supplement the criteria for identifying zones of recent activation in the territory of Ukraine with another one — data on the results of studies of helium concentration in ground-water. The previous analysis of information showed that as regional criteria, information can be applied on anomalies in heat flow, increased electrical conductivity of Earth’s crustal and the upper mantle rocks, distribution of mantle gravitational anomalies, and surface uplifts over the past millions of years. They were chosen among others precisely because of the dissemination of relevant information throughout the country. This requirement is also met by the permeability Scheme of the earth’s crust of Ukraine, which is a fragment of the permeability Scheme of the earth’s crust of the European part of the USSR based on the results of helium studies. The principal applicability of such information for solving the problem is shown. Areas of maximum helium concentrations in near-surface waters are indicated, primarily those associated with disjunctive dislocation. Theу are concentrated in the south-west of Ukraine and in Moldova. The disadvantages of the Scheme are noted, due to poor study and significant variations in background gas concentrations, directly caused not by recent activation, but by the peculiarities of helium generation by rocks of the upper part of the earth’s crust. There are inconsistencies between the previously obtained ideas about the activated zones and the data of the Scheme. They are especially large in the Carpathian, Crimean and Donetsk regions, and are noticeable in others. Therefore, it seems necessary, first, to continue research, thicken the network of observations and develop a methodology for analyzing their results.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67114871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15407/gpimo2021.01.026
S. Okay, G. Çifçi
It has been suggested that shelf and slope sediments of high deposition rate are methane sources, whereas the deep basin is methane sink. The methane production and migration in sediments may cause massive slope failures so methane is geologically important. Methane production is also economically important as methane seeps may indicate the presence at depth of hydrocarbon reservoirs, and methane hydrate may be an important source of energy. Recent studies in marine geology indicate potential geo-resources in the Turkish coast of Black Sea. The Black Sea sediments are rich in calcite and organic carbon, the latter showing a high degree of preservation due to anoxia in the waters below 100-150 m. Different marine geophysical surveys at different times were carried out in order to understand the sedimentary features of gas-saturated sediments in the Black Sea. Multibeam, side scan sonar, sub-bottom profiler and multi-channel seismic data were collected to make both high-resolution bathymetric and reflectivity maps of the seafloor. In some cruises, deep-tow combined side scan sonar and subbottom profiler was used to obtain acoustic images of both the seafloor surface and subbottom sediments. Several different structures were observed in the Black Sea basin as slumps, pockmarks, faults, gas chimneys, shallow gas accumulations and dome-like structures. Structures, which contain gas hydrates, are present on the seismic sections as strong acoustic reflections.
{"title":"GAS SIPS AND SHALLOW ACCUMULATIONS OF GAS ON THE SHELF OF TURKEY IN THE BLACK SEA","authors":"S. Okay, G. Çifçi","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2021.01.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2021.01.026","url":null,"abstract":"It has been suggested that shelf and slope sediments of high deposition rate are methane sources, whereas the deep basin is methane sink. The methane production and migration in sediments may cause massive slope failures so methane is geologically important. Methane production is also economically important as methane seeps may indicate the presence at depth of hydrocarbon reservoirs, and methane hydrate may be an important source of energy. Recent studies in marine geology indicate potential geo-resources in the Turkish coast of Black Sea. The Black Sea sediments are rich in calcite and organic carbon, the latter showing a high degree of preservation due to anoxia in the waters below 100-150 m. Different marine geophysical surveys at different times were carried out in order to understand the sedimentary features of gas-saturated sediments in the Black Sea. Multibeam, side scan sonar, sub-bottom profiler and multi-channel seismic data were collected to make both high-resolution bathymetric and reflectivity maps of the seafloor. In some cruises, deep-tow combined side scan sonar and subbottom profiler was used to obtain acoustic images of both the seafloor surface and subbottom sediments. Several different structures were observed in the Black Sea basin as slumps, pockmarks, faults, gas chimneys, shallow gas accumulations and dome-like structures. Structures, which contain gas hydrates, are present on the seismic sections as strong acoustic reflections.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67114827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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