Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15407/gpimo2022.01.069
L. V. Nesterenko
The article presents the concept of a comprehensive educational project «Your friend — the Black Sea» (Project) to attract a wide range of scientists, educators and the public to study and disseminate information about the Black Sea; education, enlightenment and popularization of knowledge about marine sciences and professions among children and youth. International experience in raising awareness in the field of oceanology is presented. It is assumed that the start of the Project will give impetus to the development of marine sciences in all levels of education and strengthen cooperation between states at all levels in the Black Sea.
{"title":"The concept of the target complex educational project «Your friend is the Black Sea»","authors":"L. V. Nesterenko","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2022.01.069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2022.01.069","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the concept of a comprehensive educational project «Your friend — the Black Sea» (Project) to attract a wide range of scientists, educators and the public to study and disseminate information about the Black Sea; education, enlightenment and popularization of knowledge about marine sciences and professions among children and youth. International experience in raising awareness in the field of oceanology is presented. It is assumed that the start of the Project will give impetus to the development of marine sciences in all levels of education and strengthen cooperation between states at all levels in the Black Sea.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67115254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15407/gpimo2022.02.003
I. Zezekalo, V. Kobolev, O. Lukin, A. Safronov
Methane hydrates are one of the most powerful reserves of unconventional sources of hydrocarbons. This is clearly evidenced by the forecast estimates of world volumes of methane in the form of gas hydrates, which many times exceed the total resources of traditional natural gas. In the foreseeable future, natural methane hydrates should significantly increase the current energy balance of natural hydrocarbon fuel resources. Progress in their study can be ensured by the dialectical unity of theoretical and experimental research, focused mainly on thermodynamics, kinetics and their physical properties, as well as on the development and testing of technologies for methane production from gas hydrate deposits. Existing methods of developing gas hydrates involve their preliminary dissociation into gas and water. At the same time, the deposit depressurization method is considered the most promising. However, there is still no commercially attractive technology for the development of gas hydrates. The article presents an overview of gas hydrate research in the world, provides an analysis of prospective methods of their development, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of current research and industrial attempts to extract methane from aqua deposits of gas hydrates, and evaluates the prospects of various technologies. Currently known examples of research and industrial development of gas hydrate deposits have demonstrated a number of problems. However, encouraging results were obtained. The analysis of processes in the oil and gas production industry shows that profitable industrial production of natural gas from gas hydrate deposits will be possible after an effective breakthrough technology appears on the market.
{"title":"Analytical review of technologies of the industrial development of aquatic methanohydrates","authors":"I. Zezekalo, V. Kobolev, O. Lukin, A. Safronov","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2022.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2022.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"Methane hydrates are one of the most powerful reserves of unconventional sources of hydrocarbons. This is clearly evidenced by the forecast estimates of world volumes of methane in the form of gas hydrates, which many times exceed the total resources of traditional natural gas. In the foreseeable future, natural methane hydrates should significantly increase the current energy balance of natural hydrocarbon fuel resources. Progress in their study can be ensured by the dialectical unity of theoretical and experimental research, focused mainly on thermodynamics, kinetics and their physical properties, as well as on the development and testing of technologies for methane production from gas hydrate deposits. Existing methods of developing gas hydrates involve their preliminary dissociation into gas and water. At the same time, the deposit depressurization method is considered the most promising. However, there is still no commercially attractive technology for the development of gas hydrates. The article presents an overview of gas hydrate research in the world, provides an analysis of prospective methods of their development, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of current research and industrial attempts to extract methane from aqua deposits of gas hydrates, and evaluates the prospects of various technologies. Currently known examples of research and industrial development of gas hydrate deposits have demonstrated a number of problems. However, encouraging results were obtained. The analysis of processes in the oil and gas production industry shows that profitable industrial production of natural gas from gas hydrate deposits will be possible after an effective breakthrough technology appears on the market.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67115310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15407/gpimo2022.03.044
V. Solovyov, V. Bakhmutov
The article is devoted of the 25th anniversary of the First Ukrainian Marine Antarctic Expedition (1997). The short history of development the marine geophysical study of the deep structures of the World Ocean and Antarctica in the S. I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics (National Academy of sciences of Ukraine) is presented. Main focus is on the results obtained during the implementation of the «State research programs in Antarctica». The main patterns of geophysical anomalies and their spatiotemporal distributions in West Antarctica were investigated. The lithosphere deep structured geophysical models well corresponds with the evolution processes of the continental margin of the West Antarctica. The built-depth sections record the large-scale processes of the formation of the Drake Passage and the western part of the Scotia Sea as a result of the primary crust fragments’ transformation and the geodynamic evolution of the region located between South America and West Antarctica. Some results for the assessment of mineral resources and hydrocarbon potential of the continental margin structures of the NW area of the Antarctic Peninsula are presented.
{"title":"Marine geophysical research in the first Ukrainian Antarctic expeditions: historical outline and some results","authors":"V. Solovyov, V. Bakhmutov","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2022.03.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2022.03.044","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted of the 25th anniversary of the First Ukrainian Marine Antarctic Expedition (1997). The short history of development the marine geophysical study of the deep structures of the World Ocean and Antarctica in the S. I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics (National Academy of sciences of Ukraine) is presented. Main focus is on the results obtained during the implementation of the «State research programs in Antarctica». The main patterns of geophysical anomalies and their spatiotemporal distributions in West Antarctica were investigated. The lithosphere deep structured geophysical models well corresponds with the evolution processes of the continental margin of the West Antarctica. The built-depth sections record the large-scale processes of the formation of the Drake Passage and the western part of the Scotia Sea as a result of the primary crust fragments’ transformation and the geodynamic evolution of the region located between South America and West Antarctica. Some results for the assessment of mineral resources and hydrocarbon potential of the continental margin structures of the NW area of the Antarctic Peninsula are presented.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67115115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15407/gpimo2022.01.022
S. Fedoseienkov, A. I. Shundel, S. Nevierova, L. V. Nesterenko
The difficult state of the economy of the state entailed a practical lack of funding for geological survey, prospecting work, a comprehensive geological study of the territory of Ukraine, natural and anthropogenic changes in the geological environment in the mode of its constant monitoring; the rates and volumes of reproduction of its own mineral resource base do not meet the needs of the country. Reforming the geological industry to ensure the effective functioning of institutions in the field of subsoil use and environmental protection is an extremely important task; proper provision of state control over subsoil use processes. The development of modern hydroacoustic methods for studying the bottom topography and bottom sediments of the Azov-Black Sea basin in order to search and assess the state of deposits of nonmetallic minerals, protect the environment will improve a specialized hydroacoustic complex (hydroacoustic tools, algorithms and software) for performing survey work, allowing the collection of ground maps and sections of bottom soil without taking samples, and to detect objects in the bottom layer of the water column.
{"title":"Modern hydroacoustic methods for studying the bottom relief and bottom sediments of the Dnieper River: ways of using it in the exploration and development of river sand deposits","authors":"S. Fedoseienkov, A. I. Shundel, S. Nevierova, L. V. Nesterenko","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2022.01.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2022.01.022","url":null,"abstract":"The difficult state of the economy of the state entailed a practical lack of funding for geological survey, prospecting work, a comprehensive geological study of the territory of Ukraine, natural and anthropogenic changes in the geological environment in the mode of its constant monitoring; the rates and volumes of reproduction of its own mineral resource base do not meet the needs of the country. Reforming the geological industry to ensure the effective functioning of institutions in the field of subsoil use and environmental protection is an extremely important task; proper provision of state control over subsoil use processes. The development of modern hydroacoustic methods for studying the bottom topography and bottom sediments of the Azov-Black Sea basin in order to search and assess the state of deposits of nonmetallic minerals, protect the environment will improve a specialized hydroacoustic complex (hydroacoustic tools, algorithms and software) for performing survey work, allowing the collection of ground maps and sections of bottom soil without taking samples, and to detect objects in the bottom layer of the water column.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67115132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15407/gpimo2022.01.054
O. Shchyptsov, O. I. Shundel
Proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in 2017, the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021—2030) (hereinafter — the Decade) aims to stimulate the develop- ment of ocean science and generate knowledge to stem the trend of deterioration of the ocean ecosys- tem and stimulate the use of new opportunities for its sustainable development in accordance with the paradigm of the Decade: «The science we need for the ocean we want». The Decade of Ocean Sciences provides scientists and stakeholders across sectors with a framework to develop the scientific knowl- edge and partnerships needed to accelerate and harness advances in ocean science to advance under- standing of the ocean system and provide science-based solutions to implement the Agenda Sustainable Development Day 2030. The UN General Assembly instructed the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO to coordinate the preparation and implementation of the Decade. The article presents the most important events held since January 2021 by the IOC in the framework of the events of the Decade.
{"title":"Timeline of the Decade of Ocean Science: 2021","authors":"O. Shchyptsov, O. I. Shundel","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2022.01.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2022.01.054","url":null,"abstract":"Proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in 2017, the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021—2030) (hereinafter — the Decade) aims to stimulate the develop- ment of ocean science and generate knowledge to stem the trend of deterioration of the ocean ecosys- tem and stimulate the use of new opportunities for its sustainable development in accordance with the paradigm of the Decade: «The science we need for the ocean we want». The Decade of Ocean Sciences provides scientists and stakeholders across sectors with a framework to develop the scientific knowl- edge and partnerships needed to accelerate and harness advances in ocean science to advance under- standing of the ocean system and provide science-based solutions to implement the Agenda Sustainable Development Day 2030. The UN General Assembly instructed the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO to coordinate the preparation and implementation of the Decade. The article presents the most important events held since January 2021 by the IOC in the framework of the events of the Decade.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67115237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15407/gpimo2022.02.019
Y. Shnyukov, Y. Inozemtsev, O. Parishev, M. Maslakov, O. Rybak, Z. V. Krasnozhina
The Azov-Black Sea basin is the eastern part of the Paratethys Ocean, surrounded by unevenaged mountain structures of the Crimea and the Caucasus, adjacent to the continental slope of the Archean Ukrainian crystalline massif, as well as the Anatolian mountain system. By their lithological and petrographic composition, geological structures influence the composition of the rocks covering the abyssal sections of the seabed and its modern surface. Deepwater drilling has passed the section of the bottom of the Black Sea and reached the layer of sediments of the Upper Neogene (Upper Sarmatian). The upper layers of the bottom of the Black and Azov Seas are mainly represented by sediments of the Quaternary period belonging to different age intervals, which is associated with repeated changes in the level of the Black Sea basin during continental glaciations. This led to a corresponding change in the level of the basin and, as a consequence, to the influx of terrigenous material (fluvial alluvium and products of destruction of bedrock) into the deep water area. In terms of their lithological and mineralogical composition, bottom sediments reflect the material composition of their sources. At present, the upper layer of seabed sediments up to 7-10 m thick is the most studied. This layer consists of three divisions from 22 thousand years to the present. In lithological terms, this is a layer of pellets enriched in hydrotroilite, a layer of sapropels and modern terrigenous silts. Their origin is closely related to sea level fluctuations and climate change. The study of the lithological composition of bottom sediments can be considered satisfactory, while the knowledge of the finest fraction is insufficient. Preliminary studies of the clay fraction, followed by the participation of the authors in this process, studied the composition and spatial distribution of clay minerals. Among them, hydromicas, montmorillonite, kaolinite, chlorite, and mixed layered formations are the most widespread.
{"title":"Clay minerals of the bottom sediments of the Azov — Black Sea basin","authors":"Y. Shnyukov, Y. Inozemtsev, O. Parishev, M. Maslakov, O. Rybak, Z. V. Krasnozhina","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2022.02.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2022.02.019","url":null,"abstract":"The Azov-Black Sea basin is the eastern part of the Paratethys Ocean, surrounded by unevenaged mountain structures of the Crimea and the Caucasus, adjacent to the continental slope of the Archean Ukrainian crystalline massif, as well as the Anatolian mountain system. By their lithological and petrographic composition, geological structures influence the composition of the rocks covering the abyssal sections of the seabed and its modern surface. Deepwater drilling has passed the section of the bottom of the Black Sea and reached the layer of sediments of the Upper Neogene (Upper Sarmatian). The upper layers of the bottom of the Black and Azov Seas are mainly represented by sediments of the Quaternary period belonging to different age intervals, which is associated with repeated changes in the level of the Black Sea basin during continental glaciations. This led to a corresponding change in the level of the basin and, as a consequence, to the influx of terrigenous material (fluvial alluvium and products of destruction of bedrock) into the deep water area. In terms of their lithological and mineralogical composition, bottom sediments reflect the material composition of their sources. At present, the upper layer of seabed sediments up to 7-10 m thick is the most studied. This layer consists of three divisions from 22 thousand years to the present. In lithological terms, this is a layer of pellets enriched in hydrotroilite, a layer of sapropels and modern terrigenous silts. Their origin is closely related to sea level fluctuations and climate change. The study of the lithological composition of bottom sediments can be considered satisfactory, while the knowledge of the finest fraction is insufficient. Preliminary studies of the clay fraction, followed by the participation of the authors in this process, studied the composition and spatial distribution of clay minerals. Among them, hydromicas, montmorillonite, kaolinite, chlorite, and mixed layered formations are the most widespread.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67115355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15407/gpimo2022.02.030
V. Nesterovsky, M. Deyak, A. Tarnovetskyi
The acumulative beach deposits of the western-north coast of the Black Sea in the area from the village of Liman (Katran spit) to the village of Carolino-Bugaz (Odesa region) have been studied. The length of the coastal line in the study area is approximately 86 km. The following forms of beach areas are widespread here: spit, spills, sloping beaches. 35 samples were taken and analyzed from all types of beach depressions by the same methodology during the summer period. The sampling was carried out at all accessible for sampling places of beach deposits from the middle part of the near5shore beaches (between the water level and the shore) and at a distance of 5—7 m from the water’s edge on the headlands and spits in the period when there are no storms. For this purpose standard plastic containers with a capacity of 1 liter were used. The samples were taken from a depth of 30 cm from the surface with a stripping area of 30´30 cm. At each point the description of the coastal zone structure and the character of beach deposits was carried out, then recorded in the logbook and were connected to the coordinates by GPS system. Granulometric and mineralogical analysis was carried out. It was determined that fractions 0,25—0,5 mm prevail in the granulometric composition among all types of beach deposits, which makes 66%, and 0,1—0,25 mm — 30%. In the minimum quantities there are coarse-grained and aleuropelite fractions. The main places of localization of drilled-grained psammite and aleuropelite fractions are the areas with low influence of coastal tidal processes. However, during the periods of increased hydrodynamic activity (autumn5winter), additional resuspension of material takes place, which results in displacement of other fractions from the deposits and their transfer to the seaside. Beach sediments are 90—95% quartz. The other — calcite, feldspar, mica, technogenic substances. Ore minerals are represented by magnetite, lime spheroids, ilmenite, acerbic garnets, stavrolite, actinolite. The main sources of terrigenous material for the formation of beach deposits on the studied area of the coastline are: underwater bench, river flow of the Dniester and the coastal abrasion. The direction along the coastal stream from Odessa to the Danube is the strongest in the distribution of sediments. In general, the beach deposits of this segment of the coastare environmentally clean, with no radioactive minerals and the content of man5made material does not exceed 0,1%.
{"title":"Modern beach sediments of the Danube — Dniester segment of the Black Sea (lithology and genesis)","authors":"V. Nesterovsky, M. Deyak, A. Tarnovetskyi","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2022.02.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2022.02.030","url":null,"abstract":"The acumulative beach deposits of the western-north coast of the Black Sea in the area from the village of Liman (Katran spit) to the village of Carolino-Bugaz (Odesa region) have been studied. The length of the coastal line in the study area is approximately 86 km. The following forms of beach areas are widespread here: spit, spills, sloping beaches. 35 samples were taken and analyzed from all types of beach depressions by the same methodology during the summer period. The sampling was carried out at all accessible for sampling places of beach deposits from the middle part of the near5shore beaches (between the water level and the shore) and at a distance of 5—7 m from the water’s edge on the headlands and spits in the period when there are no storms. For this purpose standard plastic containers with a capacity of 1 liter were used. The samples were taken from a depth of 30 cm from the surface with a stripping area of 30´30 cm. At each point the description of the coastal zone structure and the character of beach deposits was carried out, then recorded in the logbook and were connected to the coordinates by GPS system. Granulometric and mineralogical analysis was carried out. It was determined that fractions 0,25—0,5 mm prevail in the granulometric composition among all types of beach deposits, which makes 66%, and 0,1—0,25 mm — 30%. In the minimum quantities there are coarse-grained and aleuropelite fractions. The main places of localization of drilled-grained psammite and aleuropelite fractions are the areas with low influence of coastal tidal processes. However, during the periods of increased hydrodynamic activity (autumn5winter), additional resuspension of material takes place, which results in displacement of other fractions from the deposits and their transfer to the seaside. Beach sediments are 90—95% quartz. The other — calcite, feldspar, mica, technogenic substances. Ore minerals are represented by magnetite, lime spheroids, ilmenite, acerbic garnets, stavrolite, actinolite. The main sources of terrigenous material for the formation of beach deposits on the studied area of the coastline are: underwater bench, river flow of the Dniester and the coastal abrasion. The direction along the coastal stream from Odessa to the Danube is the strongest in the distribution of sediments. In general, the beach deposits of this segment of the coastare environmentally clean, with no radioactive minerals and the content of man5made material does not exceed 0,1%.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67115405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15407/gpimo2021.02.003
Y. Shnyukov, M. Maslakov, U. Naumenko
The article presents the results of the analysis and evaluation of gold occurrences of the Northern Black Sea and Crimea. The increased gold content of this region is associated primarily with magmatism and volcanism of the paleo
{"title":"The gold potential of the northern Black Sea region","authors":"Y. Shnyukov, M. Maslakov, U. Naumenko","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2021.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2021.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the analysis and evaluation of gold occurrences of the Northern Black Sea and Crimea. The increased gold content of this region is associated primarily with magmatism and volcanism of the paleo<island arc and the Ukrainian crystalline massif. Analysis of the field studies and laboratory results made it possible to determine the main factors of the origin of a gold mineralization. The magmatism of the Crimean Mountains formed both primary ore and alluvial occurrences, which extend in series from the Karadag in the east to Heraclea and the Lomonosov massif. The main source of fine gold placers are the weathering crusts of the Ukrainian shield rocks and secondary products of alluvium repeatedly redeposited in recent times, especially in post<glacial periods, when there was a powerful outflow of unconsolidated sediments. The authors note the decisive role of ancient river systems both in the accumulation of gold<bearing sands and in the formation of a potential source of outflow for the alluvial strata of numerous small rivers. Alluvial sands and alluvial-proluvial cover pebbles of the Beregansky and Sulsky climatoliths are particularly interesting for their gold content. They form clad covers on watersheds and fill the paleo<valleys of large rivers. The authors also studied the role of the Paleo<Dnieper and other main rivers of the Northern Azov Sea region during the melting of glaciers, when huge masses of sandy<silty material, including fine and ultrafine gold, were transported over long distances. Thus, the identification of factors affecting the location, structure and composition of gold deposits is important for determining the prediction criteria of conditions potentially favorable for the formation of gold placers within the Northern Black Sea and Crimea. Data on the gold content of the Black Sea region currently is not sufficient. It is necessary to conduct further research on gold occurrences to determine the scientific and practical interest of this phenomenon. So far, we can state only the presence of gold occurrences, which provides the basis for further research and prospecting.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67114497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15407/gpimo2021.04.021
S. Goshovskyi, O. Zurian
The problem of increasing the concentration in the atmosphere of one of the dangerous heat gases - methane, the main component of natural gas. Many countries, especially the developed world, are now experiencing a trend towards tougher heat gas emissions and growing interest in low-carbon technologies, including the introduction of sustainable development, energy efficiency and the development of technologies to reduce heat gas emissions. The main natural and anthropogenic sources of methane emissions are given. The analysis of the ratio of anthropogenic and natural methane emissions was performed, the ratio of different emission sources was estimated. The focus is on total methane emissions in the atmosphere and increasing methane concentrations in recent years. It is scientifically substan@ tiated that one of the sources of degassing of the Earth is the leakage of methane from the seabed of the world’s oceans to the water surface. The main sources of methane emissions from the seabed have been identified. These include: mud volcanoes; macro- and micro-impregnations, geothermal underwater springs and igneous volcanoes (smokers). The literature data on various approaches used to study the formation of methane flows and estimate its global emissions by different geological sources are summarized and analyzed. The ratio of CH4 emissions to terrestrial and marine geological sources has been established. Factors influencing methane emissions from geological sources are substantiated. Possible ways to reduce emissions of geological origin into the atmosphere are suggested. It is concluded that further research on the development of methodological and technical means of collecting, transporting and storing methane from offshore unconventional hydrocarbon deposits is promising.
{"title":"THE CONTRIBUTION OF HYDROTHERMAL «SMOKERS», MUD VOLCANOES AND GAS SEEPS TO THE EARTH’S HEAT EFFECT","authors":"S. Goshovskyi, O. Zurian","doi":"10.15407/gpimo2021.04.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2021.04.021","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of increasing the concentration in the atmosphere of one of the dangerous heat gases - methane, the main component of natural gas. Many countries, especially the developed world, are now experiencing a trend towards tougher heat gas emissions and growing interest in low-carbon technologies, including the introduction of sustainable development, energy efficiency and the development of technologies to reduce heat gas emissions. The main natural and anthropogenic sources of methane emissions are given. The analysis of the ratio of anthropogenic and natural methane emissions was performed, the ratio of different emission sources was estimated. The focus is on total methane emissions in the atmosphere and increasing methane concentrations in recent years. It is scientifically substan@ tiated that one of the sources of degassing of the Earth is the leakage of methane from the seabed of the world’s oceans to the water surface. The main sources of methane emissions from the seabed have been identified. These include: mud volcanoes; macro- and micro-impregnations, geothermal underwater springs and igneous volcanoes (smokers). The literature data on various approaches used to study the formation of methane flows and estimate its global emissions by different geological sources are summarized and analyzed. The ratio of CH4 emissions to terrestrial and marine geological sources has been established. Factors influencing methane emissions from geological sources are substantiated. Possible ways to reduce emissions of geological origin into the atmosphere are suggested. It is concluded that further research on the development of methodological and technical means of collecting, transporting and storing methane from offshore unconventional hydrocarbon deposits is promising.","PeriodicalId":33769,"journal":{"name":"Geologiia i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67114691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15407/gpimo2021.04.039
O. I. Shundel, S. Fedoseienkov, S. Nevierova
The article describes the developed and implemented analytical and numerical methods for modeling layered geological structures with cavities of simple and complex shape. The developed author’s analytical and numerical methods of mathematical modeling of the structure and spatial distribution of acoustic properties of marine sediments, presented as a layered inhomogeneous medium, which allow to create discrete, continuous or mixed structural-acoustic models of inhomogeneous seabed taking into account stratification, the presence of cavities and inclusions of various shapes and properties. Models of geological layered environment implemented according to these algorithms are necessary for modeling panoramic survey (SSS), SSS with interferometric channel, multibeam sounder, three-dimensional profiling, construction of isobathic maps based on sounder measurements.
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