T. Narukawa, H. Nishimura, Yuichi Ito, Y. Motozawa
A simple dynamic model will be effective to determine the properties of protection devices because it is useful to understand the essential dynamics of the occupant in car crash. This paper describes an optimal restraint method in frontal car crash by using a reduced-order dynamic model based on human finite element model having age-specific characteristics such as bone stiffness and tolerance of the body. The restraint force is determined so as to minimize the maximum thoracic deflection, which is one of the representing injury criteria in frontal car crash, while the maximum thorax and pelvis displacements are restrained. Simulation results clarify that the optimal restraint force is effective for reducing the maximum thoracic deflection.
{"title":"Studies on occupant restraint method in car crash using reduced-order dynamic model considering thoracic deflection","authors":"T. Narukawa, H. Nishimura, Yuichi Ito, Y. Motozawa","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIC.79.1396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIC.79.1396","url":null,"abstract":"A simple dynamic model will be effective to determine the properties of protection devices because it is useful to understand the essential dynamics of the occupant in car crash. This paper describes an optimal restraint method in frontal car crash by using a reduced-order dynamic model based on human finite element model having age-specific characteristics such as bone stiffness and tolerance of the body. The restraint force is determined so as to minimize the maximum thoracic deflection, which is one of the representing injury criteria in frontal car crash, while the maximum thorax and pelvis displacements are restrained. Simulation results clarify that the optimal restraint force is effective for reducing the maximum thoracic deflection.","PeriodicalId":337733,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. C","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124378754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Tanimizu, Y. Komatsu, Chisato Ozawa, K. Iwamura, N. Sugimura
Unexpected disruptions, such as delays of manufacturing processes, addition of emergent jobs and failures in manufacturing equipment, often occur in the actual manufacturing systems, and a predetermined production schedule may not satisfy given constraints due to the disruptions in the manufacturing systems. This research proposed a new reactive scheduling method using the co-evolutionary genetic algorithm. The proposed method alternately modifies the loading sequences of jobs and the machining sequences of jobs in a very short time, in order to improve the disturbed production schedules without interrupting the progress of manufacturing process. A prototype of an extended reactive scheduling system is developed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Some computational experiments are carried out for unexpected delays of manufacturing processes.
{"title":"Extension of reactive scheduling method using co-evolutionary genetic algorithms (application to open shop scheduling problems and experimental evaluation)","authors":"Y. Tanimizu, Y. Komatsu, Chisato Ozawa, K. Iwamura, N. Sugimura","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIC.79.2207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIC.79.2207","url":null,"abstract":"Unexpected disruptions, such as delays of manufacturing processes, addition of emergent jobs and failures in manufacturing equipment, often occur in the actual manufacturing systems, and a predetermined production schedule may not satisfy given constraints due to the disruptions in the manufacturing systems. This research proposed a new reactive scheduling method using the co-evolutionary genetic algorithm. The proposed method alternately modifies the loading sequences of jobs and the machining sequences of jobs in a very short time, in order to improve the disturbed production schedules without interrupting the progress of manufacturing process. A prototype of an extended reactive scheduling system is developed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Some computational experiments are carried out for unexpected delays of manufacturing processes.","PeriodicalId":337733,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. C","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134154752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently,tissue engineering therapy,culturing autologous chondrocytes in vitro to create three dimensional tissue for the replacement of damaged tissue,has been developed. Although the tissue engineering is a useful approach to reconstruct cartilage in vitro, the mechanical property of the engineered cartilage is not sufficient to replace natural cartilage. Within the natural cartilage, cells and collagen fibers, which are main components of the cartilage, align in response to the direction of cyclic deformations induced by daily walking or other activities. Due to this collagen fiber alignment, the cartilage has mechanical anisotropy. In this study, we focus on the beneficial effect of dynamic compressive loading on tissue regeneration for articular cartilage. The purpose of this study is to create mechanically anisotropic cartilage by compressive stimuli during the culture.
{"title":"Effect of cyclic compressive stimuli on mechanical anisotropy of chondrocyte-seeded agarose gel culture","authors":"Y. Okuda, R. Konishi, S. Miyata","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIC.79.1736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIC.79.1736","url":null,"abstract":"Recently,tissue engineering therapy,culturing autologous chondrocytes in vitro to create three dimensional tissue for the replacement of damaged tissue,has been developed. Although the tissue engineering is a useful approach to reconstruct cartilage in vitro, the mechanical property of the engineered cartilage is not sufficient to replace natural cartilage. Within the natural cartilage, cells and collagen fibers, which are main components of the cartilage, align in response to the direction of cyclic deformations induced by daily walking or other activities. Due to this collagen fiber alignment, the cartilage has mechanical anisotropy. In this study, we focus on the beneficial effect of dynamic compressive loading on tissue regeneration for articular cartilage. The purpose of this study is to create mechanically anisotropic cartilage by compressive stimuli during the culture.","PeriodicalId":337733,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. C","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124792527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yoshiko Ohno, Yosuke Koba, S. Ishikawa, S. Kijimoto
In a three-dimensional acoustic field, it is difficult to control sound in the whole room using the active noise control (ANC) technique. Instead, an around-head-control is investigated in this paper. It can reduce noise locally around the head with the simple equipment. To realize the around-head-control, it is necessary for a controller to follow the head movement. However, there is a problem that the control effect during the movement is worse, and the recovery of control effect after the movement is slow by the conventional adaptive algorithms. Against this problem, we propose a new method of improving the adaptation speed while the evaluation point moves. The algorithm can control noise by interpolating the secondary path of the Filtered-x algorithm during the movement. In the algorithm, the updating size appropriate to each coefficient of the adaptive filter is calculated by using a step size vector. The step size vector is calculated from the coefficients of the adaptive filter before updating. The validity of the proposal method is shown by the numerical simulation.
{"title":"Active Noise Control for a Moving Evaluation Point Using Stepsize Vector and Interpolation of Secondary Path","authors":"Yoshiko Ohno, Yosuke Koba, S. Ishikawa, S. Kijimoto","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIB.79.734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIB.79.734","url":null,"abstract":"In a three-dimensional acoustic field, it is difficult to control sound in the whole room using the active noise control (ANC) technique. Instead, an around-head-control is investigated in this paper. It can reduce noise locally around the head with the simple equipment. To realize the around-head-control, it is necessary for a controller to follow the head movement. However, there is a problem that the control effect during the movement is worse, and the recovery of control effect after the movement is slow by the conventional adaptive algorithms. Against this problem, we propose a new method of improving the adaptation speed while the evaluation point moves. The algorithm can control noise by interpolating the secondary path of the Filtered-x algorithm during the movement. In the algorithm, the updating size appropriate to each coefficient of the adaptive filter is calculated by using a step size vector. The step size vector is calculated from the coefficients of the adaptive filter before updating. The validity of the proposal method is shown by the numerical simulation.","PeriodicalId":337733,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. C","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132656681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sound level and vibration of a rolling bearing increase and a ridge mark appears in the bearing surface when the electrical pitting occurs in the bearing. The frequency in which the sound and vibration increase is attributable to the wave undulation of the formed ridge mark on the surface. However, it was clarified that there was electrical pitting phenomenon without ridge mark. Therefore, in this research, the vibration acceleration was measured in occurrence and non-occurrence conditions of ridge mark. Then, the frequency of increased acceleration was clarified experimentally. The conclusions are as follows. (1) In non-occurrence condition of ridge mark, integral multiple components on rotation speed increased. (2) In occurrence condition of ridge mark, the acceleration increased in frequency caused by the wave undulation of ridge mark. (3) The wave undulation of ridge mark varied and the frequency in which the acceleration increased varied even if the experiments were done in the same condition.
{"title":"Study about vibration frequency for ball bearing damaged by electrical pitting","authors":"S. Noguchi, E. Fukuda, T. Kanada","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIC.79.790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIC.79.790","url":null,"abstract":"Sound level and vibration of a rolling bearing increase and a ridge mark appears in the bearing surface when the electrical pitting occurs in the bearing. The frequency in which the sound and vibration increase is attributable to the wave undulation of the formed ridge mark on the surface. However, it was clarified that there was electrical pitting phenomenon without ridge mark. Therefore, in this research, the vibration acceleration was measured in occurrence and non-occurrence conditions of ridge mark. Then, the frequency of increased acceleration was clarified experimentally. The conclusions are as follows. (1) In non-occurrence condition of ridge mark, integral multiple components on rotation speed increased. (2) In occurrence condition of ridge mark, the acceleration increased in frequency caused by the wave undulation of ridge mark. (3) The wave undulation of ridge mark varied and the frequency in which the acceleration increased varied even if the experiments were done in the same condition.","PeriodicalId":337733,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. C","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127935903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Development of a method or a system to support design of vision-friendly products for elderly persons is desired because it is difficult for young designers to understand elderly person’s difficulty of vision. For the requirement, a method to simulate elderly person’s vision using computer graphics and image processing is proposed and a basic system based on the proposed method is constructed. The system has the models of accommodation ability characteristics, optical characteristics of the crystal lens of human eyes, spatial frequency characteristics, and focusing velocity characteristics which are the characteristics on aging-related changes of the human eye. The system can then simulate a blurred vision occurred by deficient accommodation power, optical absorption change, aging nerve change, and focusing time change. Sign marks, Landolt rings and antenna marks were shown elderly persons as experimental samples, and the answers for visibility of these samples were obtained. The answer of elderly persons and simulation results were compared. As the result, the usefulness of the system was confirmed.
{"title":"Vision simulation system for development of vision-friendly products for elderly persons","authors":"Shiori Yamauchi, H. Aoyama, T. Oya","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIC.79.1196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIC.79.1196","url":null,"abstract":"Development of a method or a system to support design of vision-friendly products for elderly persons is desired because it is difficult for young designers to understand elderly person’s difficulty of vision. For the requirement, a method to simulate elderly person’s vision using computer graphics and image processing is proposed and a basic system based on the proposed method is constructed. The system has the models of accommodation ability characteristics, optical characteristics of the crystal lens of human eyes, spatial frequency characteristics, and focusing velocity characteristics which are the characteristics on aging-related changes of the human eye. The system can then simulate a blurred vision occurred by deficient accommodation power, optical absorption change, aging nerve change, and focusing time change. Sign marks, Landolt rings and antenna marks were shown elderly persons as experimental samples, and the answers for visibility of these samples were obtained. The answer of elderly persons and simulation results were compared. As the result, the usefulness of the system was confirmed.","PeriodicalId":337733,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. C","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127193929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper evaluates CO2 emissions generated during the manufacturing phase of global production network and discusses requirements analysis of green sustainable policies of global production network to prevent carbon leakage arising from transnational production. It calculates CO2 emissions from electricity used in manufacturing, emissions during transport from mining to manufacturing countries and emissions during transport from manufacturing countries to market. A case study of electric vehicle (EV) production includes outcomes calculated CO2 emissions in the manufacturing phase and transportation phase: for production in China, India, Thailand, Germany, Japan and Mexico to market in Japan, German and Singapore. It is illustrated that CO2 emissions during manufacture of EVs vary significantly, depending on the carbon intensity from electricity generation and each country’s technical efficiency, and transport has a minor influence on emissions.
{"title":"LCCO2 analysis and requirements analysis of green sustainable policies of global production","authors":"Tomomi Nonaka, M. Nakano","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIC.79.408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIC.79.408","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates CO2 emissions generated during the manufacturing phase of global production network and discusses requirements analysis of green sustainable policies of global production network to prevent carbon leakage arising from transnational production. It calculates CO2 emissions from electricity used in manufacturing, emissions during transport from mining to manufacturing countries and emissions during transport from manufacturing countries to market. A case study of electric vehicle (EV) production includes outcomes calculated CO2 emissions in the manufacturing phase and transportation phase: for production in China, India, Thailand, Germany, Japan and Mexico to market in Japan, German and Singapore. It is illustrated that CO2 emissions during manufacture of EVs vary significantly, depending on the carbon intensity from electricity generation and each country’s technical efficiency, and transport has a minor influence on emissions.","PeriodicalId":337733,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. C","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130987177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"スティック・スリップ振動をともなう結合自励振動子群に生じる自己同期現象（同期の発生領域に対する振動子間の結合条件）","authors":"友輝 小野, 孝広 近藤, 康博 盆子原","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIC.79.550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIC.79.550","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":337733,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. C","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133615886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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