Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35567/1999-4508-2021-4-8
Water from underground sources in Russia and the CIS countries mainly contains higher concentrations of iron and manganese. With a permissible rate of iron content in drinking water of 0.2–0.3 mg/L, its content in groundwater can reach 40 mg/L. To remove excess soluble iron, it is oxidized to insoluble forms. For these purposes, iron removal filters are used. This research describes the preparation of modified catalytic material to intensify the process of deferrization of underground water. Methods. Refractory chamotte of a fraction of 3–5 mm was selected as the base material, and an iron-containing precipitate of the purification of washings waters from iron removal filters was used as the source of iron for the preparation of the precursor solution. As a result of the modification, the formation of a finely dispersed and crystalline structure of hematite on the chamotte surface occurred. The effect of the dose of iron nitrate on the iron content on the surface of the modified material is established. Results. During pilot tests, it was found that an increase in the concentration of iron on the surface from 5.8 wt.% in the initial chamotte to 19.0, 48.7 and 55.8 wt.% in the modified led to an increase in the degree of iron oxidation from Fe2+ to Fe3+ from 41.4% to 65.1, 73.0 and 80.0%, respectively. The proposed method has significant advantages over analogues due to significantly lower energy consumption, resource consumption and impac on environmentt.
{"title":"Deironing of Underground Water with Modified Refractory Chamotte","authors":"","doi":"10.35567/1999-4508-2021-4-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35567/1999-4508-2021-4-8","url":null,"abstract":"Water from underground sources in Russia and the CIS countries mainly contains higher concentrations of iron and manganese. With a permissible rate of iron content in drinking water of 0.2–0.3 mg/L, its content in groundwater can reach 40 mg/L. To remove excess soluble iron, it is oxidized to insoluble forms. For these purposes, iron removal filters are used. This research describes the preparation of modified catalytic material to intensify the process of deferrization of underground water. Methods. Refractory chamotte of a fraction of 3–5 mm was selected as the base material, and an iron-containing precipitate of the purification of washings waters from iron removal filters was used as the source of iron for the preparation of the precursor solution. As a result of the modification, the formation of a finely dispersed and crystalline structure of hematite on the chamotte surface occurred. The effect of the dose of iron nitrate on the iron content on the surface of the modified material is established. Results. During pilot tests, it was found that an increase in the concentration of iron on the surface from 5.8 wt.% in the initial chamotte to 19.0, 48.7 and 55.8 wt.% in the modified led to an increase in the degree of iron oxidation from Fe2+ to Fe3+ from 41.4% to 65.1, 73.0 and 80.0%, respectively. The proposed method has significant advantages over analogues due to significantly lower energy consumption, resource consumption and impac on environmentt.","PeriodicalId":33780,"journal":{"name":"Vodnoe khoziaistvo Rossii problemy tekhnologii upravlenie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69892083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35567/1999-4508-2021-5
{"title":"Comprehensive study of the characteristics of water bodies and their catchments","authors":"","doi":"10.35567/1999-4508-2021-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35567/1999-4508-2021-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33780,"journal":{"name":"Vodnoe khoziaistvo Rossii problemy tekhnologii upravlenie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69892116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35567/1999-4508-2021-3-2
The complexity of the control conditions for channel processes is examined by the case of the Severnaya Dvina River and its main tributary the Vychegda River, which are both the most important waterways of the European North of Russia. The developed and approved earlier methodology was applied to rank rivers in by the channel stability, the load and composition of sediments (the factor was applied for the first time to the rivers under study), water capacity, geological and geomorphological conditions of the channel formation conditions (embedded riverbeds or channels with wide floodplain), evolution of different morpho/dynamic types of channel, abundance and mode of deformations of riffles. The latter factor controls both possibility and features of regulative works when designing activities in water economics, navigation and construction. The data on the sediment amounts dredged from riverbeds to ensure the waterway functioning are demonstrated to be the integral estimation of the control conditions for channel processes.
{"title":"Classification of the Severnaya Dvina River and the Vychegda River Channel Sections According to Complexity of Channel Processes and their Management Conditions","authors":"","doi":"10.35567/1999-4508-2021-3-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35567/1999-4508-2021-3-2","url":null,"abstract":"The complexity of the control conditions for channel processes is examined by the case of the Severnaya Dvina River and its main tributary the Vychegda River, which are both the most important waterways of the European North of Russia. The developed and approved earlier methodology was applied to rank rivers in by the channel stability, the load and composition of sediments (the factor was applied for the first time to the rivers under study), water capacity, geological and geomorphological conditions of the channel formation conditions (embedded riverbeds or channels with wide floodplain), evolution of different morpho/dynamic types of channel, abundance and mode of deformations of riffles. The latter factor controls both possibility and features of regulative works when designing activities in water economics, navigation and construction. The data on the sediment amounts dredged from riverbeds to ensure the waterway functioning are demonstrated to be the integral estimation of the control conditions for channel processes.","PeriodicalId":33780,"journal":{"name":"Vodnoe khoziaistvo Rossii problemy tekhnologii upravlenie","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69892135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35567/1999-4508-2021-6-4
Natalya P. Kiseleva, M. B. Khodyashev, Svetlana A. Varyukhina
{"title":"Assessment and prospects for reducing the Selenga River and Lake Baikal biogenic pollution resulted from point sources and areal/diffuse runoff","authors":"Natalya P. Kiseleva, M. B. Khodyashev, Svetlana A. Varyukhina","doi":"10.35567/1999-4508-2021-6-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35567/1999-4508-2021-6-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33780,"journal":{"name":"Vodnoe khoziaistvo Rossii problemy tekhnologii upravlenie","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87081801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35567/1999-4508-2021-3
{"title":"Methods of operational accounting and strategic forecasting of warning of hazardous hydrological phenomena and control of river water content","authors":"","doi":"10.35567/1999-4508-2021-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35567/1999-4508-2021-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33780,"journal":{"name":"Vodnoe khoziaistvo Rossii problemy tekhnologii upravlenie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69891721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35567/1999-4508-2021-4-3
The effect of climatic changes on surface and underground runoff cannot be explained without studying such changes on such processes of moisture transfer in soils as infiltration, evaporation, migration of moisture to the frost front. These processes are components of moisture exchange in soils and almost completely determine the mechanisms of runoff formation and its climatic interconformity. The paper discloses the main links of vertical moisture exchange in soils with environmental factors such as temperature, precipitation, wind speed and water vapor pressure. On the example of the Volga basin, changes in moisture flows in soils over the past decades are considered. Methods. To reveal the patterns of moisture exchange, a physically sound mathematical model of vertical heat-moisture transfer in soils and snow cover was used. Numerical experiments were carried out to assess the impact of all the main weather factors that cause long-term changes in vertical moisture flows in soils for the period 1952-2019. Results. Calculations showed that in the 1970s there were significant changes in soil moisture flows. There was a preferential increase in downstream flows and a decrease in upstream flows, which under certain weather conditions led to an increase in the level of groundwater. In recent decades, the growth of descending soil moisture flows in the river basin. Volga and, accordingly, groundwater levels have slowed down.
{"title":"The Effect of Climatic Changes on Vertical Moisture Exchange in Soils","authors":"","doi":"10.35567/1999-4508-2021-4-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35567/1999-4508-2021-4-3","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of climatic changes on surface and underground runoff cannot be explained without studying such changes on such processes of moisture transfer in soils as infiltration, evaporation, migration of moisture to the frost front. These processes are components of moisture exchange in soils and almost completely determine the mechanisms of runoff formation and its climatic interconformity. The paper discloses the main links of vertical moisture exchange in soils with environmental factors such as temperature, precipitation, wind speed and water vapor pressure. On the example of the Volga basin, changes in moisture flows in soils over the past decades are considered. Methods. To reveal the patterns of moisture exchange, a physically sound mathematical model of vertical heat-moisture transfer in soils and snow cover was used. Numerical experiments were carried out to assess the impact of all the main weather factors that cause long-term changes in vertical moisture flows in soils for the period 1952-2019. Results. Calculations showed that in the 1970s there were significant changes in soil moisture flows. There was a preferential increase in downstream flows and a decrease in upstream flows, which under certain weather conditions led to an increase in the level of groundwater. In recent decades, the growth of descending soil moisture flows in the river basin. Volga and, accordingly, groundwater levels have slowed down.","PeriodicalId":33780,"journal":{"name":"Vodnoe khoziaistvo Rossii problemy tekhnologii upravlenie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69892157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35567/1999-4508-2021-6-2
Vagram P. Vardanyan
{"title":"The results of the study of groundwater in selected volcanic regions (the Aragats volcanic massif in the Republic of Armenia as a study case","authors":"Vagram P. Vardanyan","doi":"10.35567/1999-4508-2021-6-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35567/1999-4508-2021-6-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33780,"journal":{"name":"Vodnoe khoziaistvo Rossii problemy tekhnologii upravlenie","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82728598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35567/1999-4508-2021-3-7
The article considers main physical and geographical factors affecting the runoff, spring flood of rivers in the Arpa River basin, and analyzes the regularities of their spacetime distribution. The authors have obtained correlation relationship between the values of the flood runoff layer, the mean module maximum runoff and weighted average height of the catchment area of the Arpa River, between the mean annual maximum runoff module for the period floods and catchment areas of rivers. These dependencies can be used for preliminary estimates of the spring flood runoff of unexplored rivers of the territory under consideration. A close correlation between the values of the annual runoff and the runoff of the spring flood in the section of the Arpa River – Dzhermuk has been also revealed. It can be used for forecasting the annual flow.
{"title":"Features of the Spring Flood Formation in the Arpa River Basin","authors":"","doi":"10.35567/1999-4508-2021-3-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35567/1999-4508-2021-3-7","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers main physical and geographical factors affecting the runoff, spring flood of rivers in the Arpa River basin, and analyzes the regularities of their spacetime distribution. The authors have obtained correlation relationship between the values of the flood runoff layer, the mean module maximum runoff and weighted average height of the catchment area of the Arpa River, between the mean annual maximum runoff module for the period floods and catchment areas of rivers. These dependencies can be used for preliminary estimates of the spring flood runoff of unexplored rivers of the territory under consideration. A close correlation between the values of the annual runoff and the runoff of the spring flood in the section of the Arpa River – Dzhermuk has been also revealed. It can be used for forecasting the annual flow.","PeriodicalId":33780,"journal":{"name":"Vodnoe khoziaistvo Rossii problemy tekhnologii upravlenie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69891947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35567/1999-4508-2021-5-2
Significance. Significance of the work lies in the need to study the salt composition of the Bureya reservoir water from the beginning of filling, which is important for predicting the water quality of reservoirs in the Amur basin that are to be designed. The objective is to evaluate content of main ions in the water of the Bureya reservoir, and to identify factors determining their spatial and temporal variability. Methods. Hydro/chemical observations in the Bureya reservoir were made from 2003 to 2008 at five plots covering the major part of the water area. Water samples were taken from the surface, middle, and near-bottom horizons in winter, summer, and fall. Water samples were taken from the surface in January, July 2019 in the landslide area and in July 2020 at eight sites in the water body between the landslide and the hydropower dam. Analytical work was carried out according to the methods accepted in hydrochemistry. Materials of the Amur Basin Water Administration for 2005-2019 were used in the work. Results. The content of the main ions in the water of the reservoir during the filling period and the following years was assessed. The dominance of calcium ion among cations and hydrocarbonate ion among anions in the salt composition of water was shown. It is established that the emergence of oxygen deficit in water due to the increased area of flooded forests and reduced water inflow caused the absence of sulfate ion in the reservoir water in autumn and winter 2005. It is shown that staged filling of the reservoir contributed to gradual smoothing of differences in the content of major ions and stabilization of the salt composition of water in the sixth year of filling. In current conditions the content of sodium and potassium ions and chloride ions in the water area of the reservoir is relatively evenly distributed, the highest values of concentrations of calcium and magnesium hydrogen carbonates are observed near the mouth of the Tyrma River. The effect of a large landslide on the content of major ions in the water in 2019-2020 is considered.
{"title":"Salt composition of the waters of the Bureya reservoir","authors":"","doi":"10.35567/1999-4508-2021-5-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35567/1999-4508-2021-5-2","url":null,"abstract":"Significance. Significance of the work lies in the need to study the salt composition of the Bureya reservoir water from the beginning of filling, which is important for predicting the water quality of reservoirs in the Amur basin that are to be designed. The objective is to evaluate content of main ions in the water of the Bureya reservoir, and to identify factors determining their spatial and temporal variability. Methods. Hydro/chemical observations in the Bureya reservoir were made from 2003 to 2008 at five plots covering the major part of the water area. Water samples were taken from the surface, middle, and near-bottom horizons in winter, summer, and fall. Water samples were taken from the surface in January, July 2019 in the landslide area and in July 2020 at eight sites in the water body between the landslide and the hydropower dam. Analytical work was carried out according to the methods accepted in hydrochemistry. Materials of the Amur Basin Water Administration for 2005-2019 were used in the work. Results. The content of the main ions in the water of the reservoir during the filling period and the following years was assessed. The dominance of calcium ion among cations and hydrocarbonate ion among anions in the salt composition of water was shown. It is established that the emergence of oxygen deficit in water due to the increased area of flooded forests and reduced water inflow caused the absence of sulfate ion in the reservoir water in autumn and winter 2005. It is shown that staged filling of the reservoir contributed to gradual smoothing of differences in the content of major ions and stabilization of the salt composition of water in the sixth year of filling. In current conditions the content of sodium and potassium ions and chloride ions in the water area of the reservoir is relatively evenly distributed, the highest values of concentrations of calcium and magnesium hydrogen carbonates are observed near the mouth of the Tyrma River. The effect of a large landslide on the content of major ions in the water in 2019-2020 is considered.","PeriodicalId":33780,"journal":{"name":"Vodnoe khoziaistvo Rossii problemy tekhnologii upravlenie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69892245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.35567/1999-4508-2020-3
{"title":"Актуальные направления оценки состояния и уровня антропогенной нагрузки водных объектов","authors":"","doi":"10.35567/1999-4508-2020-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35567/1999-4508-2020-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33780,"journal":{"name":"Vodnoe khoziaistvo Rossii problemy tekhnologii upravlenie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47545151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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