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Multi-layered firewall to mitigate the impact of Distributed Denial of Service on a network 多层防火墙,减轻分布式拒绝服务对网络的影响
Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.24271/psr.2022.160803
Dana Hasan Ahmed, Rebeen Rebwar HamaAmin
A firewall is one of the key components in securing an organization's network and computational assets against different network and application-based attacks. Most firewall solutions only consider one or two layers of TCP/IP networking architecture to protect against attacks, especially spoofing-based attacks. In contrast, there are some proposed solutions to protect against such attacks. However, these solutions work in areas such as clouds or Software Defined Networks (SDN), and legacy networks cannot utilize such techniques. Therefore, establishing a type of firewall that can be scalable, strong, and easy to implement is a challenge necessary for a new firewall technique to prevail. This paper presents a novel strategy to implement a multi-layered firewall to overcome the current state-of-art firewalls. Our firewall combines a packet-filtering approach (i.e., Internet and Transport layer) with an application layer firewall under the umbrella of Stateful-Packet-Inspection. The experiments were performed in a controlled environment with 1% legitimate packets, and 99% spoofed traffic on average. The Stateful-Packet-Inspection discards any packets based on their traffic flow given to them by the firewall while informing the network administrator about the system breach passively. The results of the experiments are benchmarked with previous works and showed improvement in accuracy by 13.5% and sensitivity by 13.75% while decreasing the false negative rate by 86.5% with minimal computational and network overhead.
防火墙是保护组织网络和计算资产免受不同网络和基于应用程序的攻击的关键组件之一。大多数防火墙解决方案只考虑一层或两层TCP/IP网络架构来抵御攻击,尤其是基于欺骗的攻击。相比之下,有一些建议的解决方案可以防止此类攻击。然而,这些解决方案适用于云或软件定义网络(SDN)等领域,而传统网络无法利用这些技术。因此,建立一种可扩展、强大且易于实现的防火墙是新防火墙技术流行所必需的挑战。本文提出了一种实现多层防火墙的新策略,以克服现有技术的防火墙。我们的防火墙将数据包过滤方法(即互联网和传输层)与状态数据包检查保护伞下的应用层防火墙相结合。实验是在受控环境中进行的,平均有1%的合法数据包和99%的欺骗流量。状态数据包检查根据防火墙提供给它们的流量丢弃任何数据包,同时被动地通知网络管理员系统漏洞。实验结果与以前的工作进行了对比,表明在最小的计算和网络开销下,准确度和灵敏度提高了13.5%和13.75%,同时假阴性率降低了86.5%。
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引用次数: 0
Some Nonstandard Treatment of the Singularity in the Differential Equation 微分方程奇异性的一些非标准处理
Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.24271/psr.2022.161691
Mardan A. Pirdawood, I. Hamad
This paper aims to use some nonstandard concepts to find a nonstandard analytic and non-analytic infinitely close solution of the first-order ordinary differential equation in the monad of its singularity, where the differential coefficients are either infinitesimal, unlimited or have basic differential form. The obtained nonstandard solutions are more precise and compatible than the conventional ones. We named such a non-analytic infinitely close solution to the singularity by shadow solution. These cases of solutions are sometimes impossible to obtain by conventional methods
本文旨在利用一些非标准概念,在一阶常微分方程的奇异性单元上,找到其微分系数为无穷小、无限或具有基本微分形式的非标准解析和非解析无限闭解。所得到的非标准解比传统解更精确、更兼容。我们用阴影解命名了这种奇异性的非解析无限逼近解。这些解决方案有时无法通过传统方法获得
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引用次数: 0
Sentiment Analysis using SVM-based SSO Intelligence Algorithm 基于SVM的SSO智能算法在情绪分析中的应用
Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.24271/psr.2022.160801
O. Y. Abdulhammed, P. J. Karim
Facebook and Twitter, as two known social media become popular sources of big data that give the right to people to share and express their feedback about products, services, politicians, events, and every aspect of life in the form of short texts. The classification of sentiments could be automated through machine learning and enhanced using appropriate feature extraction methods. In this work, we collected the most recent tweets about (Biden, Benzema, Apple, and NASA) using Twitter-API and assigned sentiment scores using a rule-based lexicon approach; after pre-processing stage, each dataset is divided into 80% as a training set, and rest 20% as testing set. After that, the Distributed bag of words, Distributed memory mean, Distributed Memory Concatenation, and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency models are used for feature extraction from pre-processed tweets. Depending on the Shark smell optimizer algorithm, the SVM technique was used to classify the extracted features. The SSO was used to tune and select the best value for SVM parameters to optimize the overall model performance. The results display that these optimizers have an essential impact on increasing the model accuracy. After optimization, the model accuracy reached 92.12%, while the highest accuracy without optimization was 88.69% for various feature extraction methods.
脸书和推特这两个众所周知的社交媒体成为了流行的大数据来源,人们有权以短文本的形式分享和表达他们对产品、服务、政治家、事件和生活方方面面的反馈。情绪的分类可以通过机器学习实现自动化,并使用适当的特征提取方法进行增强。在这项工作中,我们使用Twitter-API收集了关于(拜登、本泽马、苹果和美国国家航空航天局)的最新推文,并使用基于规则的词典方法分配情感得分;经过预处理阶段,每个数据集被分成80%作为训练集,其余20%作为测试集。之后,使用分布式单词袋、分布式内存均值、分布式内存连接和术语频率逆文档频率模型从预处理的推文中提取特征。根据Shark气味优化器算法,使用SVM技术对提取的特征进行分类。SSO用于调整和选择SVM参数的最佳值,以优化整体模型性能。结果表明,这些优化器对提高模型精度具有重要影响。优化后的模型准确率达到92.12%,而各种特征提取方法在未优化的情况下的最高准确率为88.69%。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Emotions on the Speed and Score of Computer Games 情绪对电脑游戏速度和分数的影响
Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.24271/psr.2022.160800
H. Sharif, M. Ghareb, Tara Kaka Muhamad
This Research has examined how video game affects the performance of the player. Unity tool has been used to create an interactive game with several ball objects that accrue additional points for each participant. Different methods have been used to strike the balls, using the mouse, keyboard, combination of both, and facial emotion. Image processing techniques have been used to match the facial expression with the EMOGI of the balls the players hit. The performance of the game has been affected by facial expressions. The study demonstrates how widely used, and highly engaging face-emotion techniques are in video games. The usage of visual observation concerning traditional input control and emotion input has been examined, and the differences are demonstrated. Our results show that facial emotions improve the technology for video games; in our game, we tested three types of facial emotions: sad, happy, and angry.
这项研究考察了电子游戏如何影响玩家的表现。Unity工具已被用于创建一个交互式游戏,其中有几个球对象,每个参与者都可以获得额外的积分。击球采用了不同的方法,使用鼠标、键盘、两者结合以及面部表情。图像处理技术已被用于将面部表情与球员击球的表情相匹配。游戏的表现受到面部表情的影响。这项研究展示了人脸情感技术在电子游戏中的广泛应用和高度吸引力。研究了视觉观察在传统输入控制和情感输入中的应用,并证明了其差异。我们的研究结果表明,面部情绪改善了电子游戏的技术;在我们的游戏中,我们测试了三种类型的面部情绪:悲伤、快乐和愤怒。
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引用次数: 0
Continuous Proteretic Hopfield Neural Network in Walsh-based Distributed Storage 基于walsh分布式存储的连续遗传Hopfield神经网络
Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.24271/psr.2022.161643
A. A. Abdulrahman
A neural network is a series of algorithms that endeavour to recognize underlying relationships in a set of data through a process that mimics the operations of a human brain. It may have uses in many different real-life applications, such as: speech and voice recognition, eCommerce, cybersecurity, and others. The network convergence time is the one of the most important parts of neural networks, which affects the performance of neural network applications. Convergence of the neural network contributes to the process of determining the optimal number of training iterations required to produce the fewest number of errors. In this paper, a specific method based on the mathematical property found in physical systems called "proteretic" is presented. Three learning methods (standard Hopfield, hysteretic Hopfield, and modified proteretic Hopfield) are applied to the Walsh-based distributed memory application. It mathematically and practically demonstrated and approved that using the modified proteretic method causes the network to reach convergence faster than other methods. It’s approved that using the proteretic property with the Walsh-based memory enhances the performance of the storage by accelerating the network's convergence relative to other neural network operations.
神经网络是一系列算法,试图通过模拟人脑操作的过程来识别一组数据中的潜在关系。它可能在许多不同的现实应用中有用途,例如:语音和语音识别、电子商务、网络安全等。网络收敛时间是神经网络中最重要的部分之一,它影响着神经网络应用的性能。神经网络的收敛有助于确定产生最少错误所需的最佳训练迭代次数。本文提出了一种基于物理系统数学性质的特殊方法,称为“变分法”。将三种学习方法(标准Hopfield、滞后Hopfield和改进的保护Hopfield)应用于基于Walsh的分布式存储器应用。从数学和实践上证明并认可了使用改进的保护方法使网络比其他方法更快地达到收敛。与其他神经网络操作相比,在基于沃尔什的存储器中使用保护特性可以加速网络的收敛,从而提高存储器的性能。
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引用次数: 0
New approach for Attendance System using Face Detection and Recognition 基于人脸检测与识别的考勤系统新方法
Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.24271/psr.2022.161680
M. Ghareb, Dyaree Jamal Hamid, Sako Dilshad Sabr, Zhyar Tofiq
One of the most beneficial uses of image processing is face recognition, which is essential in today's technology environment. Particularly when it comes to tracking student attendance, the identification of a human face is a popular issue in the authentication sector. A face recognition attendance system is a technique for identifying pupils based on high-definition surveillance and other computer technologies that employ face biostatistics. The purpose of creating this system is to electronically replace the conventional procedure of recording attendance by calling names and maintaining paper records. The existing procedures for taking attendance are cumbersome and time-consuming. Our goal and ambition for this article is to use the OpenCV library to develop an attendance management system that can identify faces and store them in a database so that colleges, businesses, and other institutions may use it to track attendance. This research will use a combination method of using Open CV and HOG library detecting the face in boundary box with accuracy %99.38. Adding more, it has been proposing new idea of using these techniques in all halls and labs in any educational institutes in recording the student's attendance precisely.
图像处理最有益的用途之一是人脸识别,这在当今的技术环境中是必不可少的。特别是在跟踪学生出勤方面,人脸识别是身份验证领域的一个热门问题。人脸识别考勤系统是一种基于高清监控和其他使用人脸生物统计学的计算机技术来识别学生的技术。建立这个系统的目的是用电子方式取代传统的点名和保存纸质记录的考勤程序。现有的考勤程序既繁琐又费时。本文的目标和目标是使用OpenCV库开发一个考勤管理系统,该系统可以识别人脸并将其存储在数据库中,以便大学、企业和其他机构可以使用它来跟踪考勤情况。本研究将采用Open CV和HOG库相结合的方法对边界框内的人脸进行检测,准确率为99.38 %。此外,它还提出了在任何教育机构的所有大厅和实验室使用这些技术来准确记录学生出勤的新想法。
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引用次数: 0
Polypyrrole-coated electrospun polystyrene-Fe (III) composite fibres 聚吡咯涂层静电纺聚苯乙烯-铁(III)复合纤维
Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.24271/psr.2022.161698
Muaathe A. Ibraheem, Frederik J. Davis, N. Spencer, J. Mckendrick
Polypyrrole (Ppy) was synthesized via a chemical oxidization method with FeCl3.6H2O (FCHH) on electrospun polystyrene fibres ESPSF. The spinning process was achieved using Electrospinning for three solutions of polystyrene PS including 3, 5, and 9 % wt/v of FCHH in dimethyl formamide (DMF). The fibres diameters were monitored by scanning electron microscope SEM before and after coating, and it was found that the best results were achieved at low concentrations of FCHH. The Ppy coating was applied under four exposure periods (90, 150, 200, and 270 minutes) at 22C; Fibre diameter and coating quality are directly related in the study. The technique suggests a potential route towards producing conducting fibres with micro/nanoscale dimensions using Electrospinning followed by vapor chemical polymerization of pyrrole.
采用FeCl3.6H2O(FCHH)化学氧化法在静电纺丝聚苯乙烯纤维ESPSF上合成了聚吡咯(Ppy)。使用静电纺丝对聚苯乙烯PS的三种溶液(包括在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的3%wt/v、5%wt/v和9%wt/v的FCHH)实现纺丝过程。在涂布前后通过扫描电子显微镜SEM监测纤维直径,发现在低浓度的FCHH下获得了最佳结果。在22C下,在四个暴露期(90、150、200和270分钟)下施加Ppy涂层;纤维直径与涂层质量直接相关。该技术为使用静电纺丝和吡咯的气相化学聚合生产微米/纳米尺寸的导电纤维提供了一条潜在的途径。
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引用次数: 0
A Temporal and Social Network-based Recommender using Graph Clustering 使用图聚类的基于时间和社会网络的推荐器
Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.24271/psr.2022.344758.1134
Zana Azeez Kakarash, Nawroz Fadhil Ahmed, Karwan Mohammad Hamakarim
Recommendation Systems (RSs) have significant applications in many industrial systems. The duty of a recommender algorithm is to operate available data (users/items contextual data and rating (or purchase) the consumption history for items), as well as to provide a recommendation list for any target user. The recommended items should be selected so that the target user is compelled to give them positive reviews. In this manuscript, we propose a novel of RS algorithm that makes advantage of user-user trust relationships, rating histories, and their frequency of occurrence. We also provide a brand new overlapping community detection algorithm. The information about the users’ community structure is used to handle the cold-start and sparsity problems. We compare the performance of the proposed RS algorithm with a number of state-of-the-art algorithms on the extended Epinions dataset, which has both information on trust relations and the timing of the ratings. Numerical simulations reveal the superiority of the proposed algorithm over others. We also investigate how the algorithms perform when only cold-start users and items are considered. As a cold-start user (item) we consider those that have made (received) less than five ratings. The experiments show significant outperformance of the proposed algorithm over others, which is mainly due to the use of information on overlapping community structures between users.
推荐系统(RS)在许多工业系统中具有重要的应用。推荐算法的职责是操作可用数据(用户/物品上下文数据和对物品的消费历史进行评级(或购买)),以及为任何目标用户提供推荐列表。应该选择推荐的项目,这样目标用户就可以给予他们积极的评价。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的RS算法,该算法利用了用户-用户信任关系、评级历史及其发生频率。我们还提供了一种全新的重叠社区检测算法。关于用户的社区结构的信息用于处理冷启动和稀疏性问题。我们在扩展的Epinions数据集上比较了所提出的RS算法与许多最先进的算法的性能,该数据集既有关于信任关系的信息,也有关于评级时间的信息。数值模拟表明了该算法的优越性。我们还研究了当只考虑冷启动用户和项目时,算法是如何执行的。作为一个冷启动用户(项目),我们认为那些评分(收到)低于五分的用户。实验表明,与其他算法相比,该算法具有显著的性能,这主要是由于使用了用户之间重叠的社区结构信息。
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引用次数: 1
Fractional order system dynamical behaviors with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response Beddington-DeAngelis函数响应的分数阶系统动力学行为
Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.24271/psr.2022.341464.1133
Hiwa Rahman, Kawa Hassan
The present study proposes a fractional order prey-predator model with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response, that the Caputo fractional derivative is applied. There is exploration of the solutions' existence, uniqueness, non-negativity, and boundedness. Stability of all feasible equilibrium points is determined locally by the use of Matignon's condition. Moreover, the researchers also provide sufficient conditions to assure global asymptotic stability for both the predator-extinction equilibrium point and the positive equilibrium point, with selecting a relevant Lyapunov function and the incidence ofHopf-bifurcation is also displayed. Finally, the fractional order effect on the stability behavior of systems is investigated theoretically and also illustrated numerically to support theoretical results. © 2022 Production by the University of Garmian. This is an open access article under the LICENSE https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
本研究提出了一个分数阶的具有Beddington-DeAngelis函数响应的捕食-捕食模型,该模型采用Caputo分数阶导数。探讨了解的存在性、唯一性、非负性和有界性。利用matgnon条件,局部确定了所有可行平衡点的稳定性。此外,通过选取相应的Lyapunov函数,给出了捕食-灭绝平衡点和正平衡点全局渐近稳定的充分条件,并给出了hopf分岔的发生率。最后,从理论上研究了分数阶对系统稳定性行为的影响,并通过数值说明来支持理论结果。©2022由加尔米安大学制作。这是一篇在https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/许可下的开放获取文章
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引用次数: 0
Effect of reduction through the Spin Coating growing Silver thin Films Nanostructure 自旋镀膜生长银薄膜纳米结构的还原效果
Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.24271/psr.2022.350395.1140
Ari A. Yatem
Silver (Ag) thin-film nanostructures are prepared on the glass surface through a dependable method called spin coating. Silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) has been utilized as precursors, proceeded by the thermal reduction in the H 2 atmosphere, and some of the chemical reductions such as sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) solution, and hydrazine hydrate solution (N 2 H 4 ). The effects of several reductants have been discussed. The structure, morphology, and absorbance spectra of the deposited silver thin films have been characterized and measured by using the following techniques X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), as well as UV-visible- NIR absorption spectroscopy, to study more about how the reduction procedure affects the formation of silver nanoparticles. As a result, thermal reduction in the H 2 atmosphere is more effective than the chemical reduction in aqueous sodium borohydride and hydrazine hydrate solution for growing consistently sized dispersed silver nanoparticles.
银(Ag)薄膜纳米结构是通过一种可靠的称为自旋镀膜的方法在玻璃表面制备的。利用硝酸银(agno3)作为前驱体,在h2气氛中进行热还原,并进行一些化学还原,如硼氢化钠(nabh4)溶液和水合肼(n2h4)溶液。讨论了几种还原剂的作用。利用x射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及紫外-可见-近红外吸收光谱等技术对沉积银薄膜的结构、形貌和吸光度进行了表征和测量,以进一步研究还原过程如何影响银纳米颗粒的形成。因此,在h2气氛中的热还原比在硼氢化钠和水合肼溶液中的化学还原更有效,以生长一致尺寸的分散纳米银。
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引用次数: 0
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Passer Journal
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