Abdul Jabbar Khan, Syed Ali Rizwan, Muzna Anam, Zafar Mahmood
An interesting study is reported on establishing secret mining activity resulting in severe ground subsidence which occurred and was corrected later in a village called Dhery Saydan located near the world famous salt range region of Pakistan and is located on a hill top with about 2000 inhabitants. After reviewing many cases of similar nature and on basis of geophysical techniques like resistivity survey, it was established that secret mining activity had taken place resulting in massive cracking of dwellings coupled with sinking of water table. Thereafter a suitable construction methodology was applied to correct the huge structural defects and make the dwellings functional.
{"title":"Investigating Ground subsidence due to Secret Mining and Repairing Damaged Structures","authors":"Abdul Jabbar Khan, Syed Ali Rizwan, Muzna Anam, Zafar Mahmood","doi":"10.24949/njes.v16i2.754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24949/njes.v16i2.754","url":null,"abstract":"An interesting study is reported on establishing secret mining activity resulting in severe ground subsidence which occurred and was corrected later in a village called Dhery Saydan located near the world famous salt range region of Pakistan and is located on a hill top with about 2000 inhabitants. After reviewing many cases of similar nature and on basis of geophysical techniques like resistivity survey, it was established that secret mining activity had taken place resulting in massive cracking of dwellings coupled with sinking of water table. Thereafter a suitable construction methodology was applied to correct the huge structural defects and make the dwellings functional.","PeriodicalId":338631,"journal":{"name":"NUST Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"389 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper's primary goal is to develop and conduct a structural analysis of a sheet metal control arm used in the front suspension system. The control arm permits the wheel to move up and down but prohibits it from moving forward or backward. Additionally, the part is exposed to intense loads while performing its duty because the wheelbase is attached to the chassis on one end. To create sustainable and competitive products, component material and design selection is a crucial topic in the industry. Shape optimization can be utilized as a design tool in the initial stages of the design process to fully satisfy the strength and endurance requirements on a component level. Here the focus is on a control arm where the structural requirements on it involve the part being exposed to stress-strain due to the applied forces which can be treated and reduced during the optimization process. This would enable engineers to design better products while reducing the cost of development significantly.
{"title":"Structural Analysis & Shape Optimization for a Control Arm of a Vehicle’s Suspension.","authors":"Abdul Rehman Ahmad, Mian Muhammad, Asim Zahir","doi":"10.24949/njes.v16i2.746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24949/njes.v16i2.746","url":null,"abstract":"This paper's primary goal is to develop and conduct a structural analysis of a sheet metal control arm used in the front suspension system. The control arm permits the wheel to move up and down but prohibits it from moving forward or backward. Additionally, the part is exposed to intense loads while performing its duty because the wheelbase is attached to the chassis on one end. To create sustainable and competitive products, component material and design selection is a crucial topic in the industry. Shape optimization can be utilized as a design tool in the initial stages of the design process to fully satisfy the strength and endurance requirements on a component level. Here the focus is on a control arm where the structural requirements on it involve the part being exposed to stress-strain due to the applied forces which can be treated and reduced during the optimization process. This would enable engineers to design better products while reducing the cost of development significantly.","PeriodicalId":338631,"journal":{"name":"NUST Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"1974 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To get the required electrical, magnetic, structural and optical properties, materials are required to be doped with suitable impurities. The use of transition metals as a dopant in ZnO has been investigated to determine how they alter the various properties. Several research concerning the synthesis of TM-doped ZnO via various methods with the solubility limit of TM elements in ZnO has been reported. The distribution of the TMs into the ZnO matrix has been reported with divergent views. In this work, Mn doped ZnO nanoparticles has been synthesized by means of reasonable and ecologically friendly procedure by means of the liquid phase method with fewer conservational contaminants and no leftover products. The influence of the dopant on the structural properties of the produced ZnO nanocrystals was scrutinized using powder x-ray diffractogram (XRD). The Mn-doping concentration, x, was varied ( ) at temperatures of 180°C and 200 °C. Results of the lattice parameters, bond length, bond angles, crystallite size, strain, volume of unit cell, APF, number of unit cells, specific surface area and the density of the Mn-doped ZnO nanocrystal samples were be irregular in nature and not following a particular trend as the doping concentration increases. This variation in the values were due to the irregular values of the interplanar spacing and the observed variations in the shift of the peak angles as a result of the difference in ionic radii between Zn and Mn ions with Mn having multiple ionic radii since all the parameters are directly dependent on the value of the 2θ.
{"title":"Structural Properties of Mn Doped ZnO Nanocrystallites Using Wet Chemical Synthesis","authors":"Nii Abekah Akwetey Armah, Huvert Azoda Koffi","doi":"10.24949/njes.v16i1.756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24949/njes.v16i1.756","url":null,"abstract":"To get the required electrical, magnetic, structural and optical properties, materials are required to be doped with suitable impurities. The use of transition metals as a dopant in ZnO has been investigated to determine how they alter the various properties. Several research concerning the synthesis of TM-doped ZnO via various methods with the solubility limit of TM elements in ZnO has been reported. The distribution of the TMs into the ZnO matrix has been reported with divergent views. In this work, Mn doped ZnO nanoparticles has been synthesized by means of reasonable and ecologically friendly procedure by means of the liquid phase method with fewer conservational contaminants and no leftover products. The influence of the dopant on the structural properties of the produced ZnO nanocrystals was scrutinized using powder x-ray diffractogram (XRD). The Mn-doping concentration, x, was varied ( ) at temperatures of 180°C and 200 °C. Results of the lattice parameters, bond length, bond angles, crystallite size, strain, volume of unit cell, APF, number of unit cells, specific surface area and the density of the Mn-doped ZnO nanocrystal samples were be irregular in nature and not following a particular trend as the doping concentration increases. This variation in the values were due to the irregular values of the interplanar spacing and the observed variations in the shift of the peak angles as a result of the difference in ionic radii between Zn and Mn ions with Mn having multiple ionic radii since all the parameters are directly dependent on the value of the 2θ.","PeriodicalId":338631,"journal":{"name":"NUST Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"361 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132343936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CO2 being a major hothouse gas is primarily emitted to the environment by combustion of fossil fuels. Technological approaches have given carbon dioxide a second life and enabled us to synthesize numerous industrial fuels, domestic fuels and other valuable products by using the process known as catalytic renovation of CO2. This paper discusses current advancements in the selection and production of many types of catalysts used in catalytic conversion of CO2. The catalysts are compulsory due to high stability of carbon dioxide molecule. Comparison between conventionally used catalysts and advanced catalysts is shown with respect to carbon dioxide conversion and methanol selectivity. Major research on homogenous catalysts, heterogenous catalysts, photocatalysis, electrochemical methods and polymer catalysts are highlighted in this paper.
{"title":"Catalytic Reduction of Carbon dioxide to Methanol as a Fuel, A Mini Review","authors":"Osama Rabi, Erum Pervaiz, Tasmia Azam","doi":"10.24949/njes.v16i1.766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24949/njes.v16i1.766","url":null,"abstract":"CO2 being a major hothouse gas is primarily emitted to the environment by combustion of fossil fuels. Technological approaches have given carbon dioxide a second life and enabled us to synthesize numerous industrial fuels, domestic fuels and other valuable products by using the process known as catalytic renovation of CO2. This paper discusses current advancements in the selection and production of many types of catalysts used in catalytic conversion of CO2. The catalysts are compulsory due to high stability of carbon dioxide molecule. Comparison between conventionally used catalysts and advanced catalysts is shown with respect to carbon dioxide conversion and methanol selectivity. Major research on homogenous catalysts, heterogenous catalysts, photocatalysis, electrochemical methods and polymer catalysts are highlighted in this paper.","PeriodicalId":338631,"journal":{"name":"NUST Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115711048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research paper has used a three-dimensional approach that combines Finite Element Analysis, the famous three-factor Design of Experiments by Taguchi, with the third dimension. An idea to optimize a Lithium (Li) and Lead (Pb) based Toroid is presented as they are known hazardous materials. The approach emphasized generating different run orders by a parametric variation of outer diameter, thickness, and base metal on the minimum and maximum specifications. Based on the Design of Experiments, the calculated run orders were modelled and simulated under the specified loading conditions to select the best combination of parameters. The analytical stresses generated in the combinations were compared with the numerical counterparts for model validation. On-Mises stress and deformation results from the simulation were analyzed to select the optimized design of Toroid structure and the final shape was modelled accordingly. The analytical and numerical stresses also showed good agreement with each other, supporting the validity of the presented approach. The method effectively models such specimens before fabrication, so that all material and geometric aspects can be finalized before risking physical contact with the actual worker.
{"title":"Structural Optimization of Metallic Toroid using Finite Element Method","authors":"Zaigham Saeed Toor, Ahsan Abdul Rauf","doi":"10.24949/njes.v16i1.734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24949/njes.v16i1.734","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper has used a three-dimensional approach that combines Finite Element Analysis, the famous three-factor Design of Experiments by Taguchi, with the third dimension. An idea to optimize a Lithium (Li) and Lead (Pb) based Toroid is presented as they are known hazardous materials. The approach emphasized generating different run orders by a parametric variation of outer diameter, thickness, and base metal on the minimum and maximum specifications. Based on the Design of Experiments, the calculated run orders were modelled and simulated under the specified loading conditions to select the best combination of parameters. The analytical stresses generated in the combinations were compared with the numerical counterparts for model validation. On-Mises stress and deformation results from the simulation were analyzed to select the optimized design of Toroid structure and the final shape was modelled accordingly. The analytical and numerical stresses also showed good agreement with each other, supporting the validity of the presented approach. The method effectively models such specimens before fabrication, so that all material and geometric aspects can be finalized before risking physical contact with the actual worker.","PeriodicalId":338631,"journal":{"name":"NUST Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133986014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flooding is Pakistan's most common natural hazard, and it is exacerbated by increased rainfall and urbanization. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan flood-prone zones were determined by superimposing six flood parameters in an ArcGIS environment: elevation, slope, rainfall accumulation, land cover, soil geometry, and gap/buffer from water channel. Cellular automata based on artificial neural network (CA-ANN) along QGIS plugin module of Land Use Change Simulations (MOLUSCE) was used for predicting year 2050 land use, with a kappa value of 0.83. The results indicated that of the 75775 km2 land area covered by this research region, 3.37% (2553.62 km2) falls in extremely high risk, 18.44% (13972.91 km2) falls in high risk, 11.26% (8532.27 km2) falls in moderate risk, 0.51% (386.45 km2) falls in low risk, and just 66.42% (50329.76 km2) falls in very low risk areas. In KPK, like in any other place, a multi-criteria flood risk-vulnerability assessment is consequently necessary for preparation and post-hazard planning. Without a doubt, the outcomes reported here are crucial for flood risk assessments and hazard management decision-making. Key words: natural disasters; floods; remote sensing; geographic information system, multi-criteria evaluation; weighted overlay.
{"title":"Quantifying the Influences of Land Use and Rainfall Dynamics on Probable Flood Hazard Zoning","authors":"Nabi Rehman, Umar Zada, Kashif Haleem","doi":"10.24949/njes.v16i1.739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24949/njes.v16i1.739","url":null,"abstract":"Flooding is Pakistan's most common natural hazard, and it is exacerbated by increased rainfall and urbanization. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan flood-prone zones were determined by superimposing six flood parameters in an ArcGIS environment: elevation, slope, rainfall accumulation, land cover, soil geometry, and gap/buffer from water channel. Cellular automata based on artificial neural network (CA-ANN) along QGIS plugin module of Land Use Change Simulations (MOLUSCE) was used for predicting year 2050 land use, with a kappa value of 0.83. The results indicated that of the 75775 km2 land area covered by this research region, 3.37% (2553.62 km2) falls in extremely high risk, 18.44% (13972.91 km2) falls in high risk, 11.26% (8532.27 km2) falls in moderate risk, 0.51% (386.45 km2) falls in low risk, and just 66.42% (50329.76 km2) falls in very low risk areas. In KPK, like in any other place, a multi-criteria flood risk-vulnerability assessment is consequently necessary for preparation and post-hazard planning. Without a doubt, the outcomes reported here are crucial for flood risk assessments and hazard management decision-making. \u0000Key words: natural disasters; floods; remote sensing; geographic information system, multi-criteria evaluation; weighted overlay. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":338631,"journal":{"name":"NUST Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134521837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Moghadasi, K. F. Tamrin, F. Mahmud, Marzie Hatef Jalil
Material cutting is regarded as a crucial process owing to its strategic value in the production of items such as aircraft, ships, automobiles, biomedical components, etc. Laser beam cutting is among the efficient techniques for creating complicated geometries with rigorous design criteria. This article discusses the experimental study of the laser cutting process and the effect of laser cutting parameters on composites and thermoplastics. A number of numerical modelling and different optimization approaches employed by various researchers is also reviewed in this article.
{"title":"A review of experimental and numerical analysis on laser beam machining of composites and thermoplastics","authors":"K. Moghadasi, K. F. Tamrin, F. Mahmud, Marzie Hatef Jalil","doi":"10.24949/njes.v16i1.748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24949/njes.v16i1.748","url":null,"abstract":"Material cutting is regarded as a crucial process owing to its strategic value in the production of items such as aircraft, ships, automobiles, biomedical components, etc. Laser beam cutting is among the efficient techniques for creating complicated geometries with rigorous design criteria. This article discusses the experimental study of the laser cutting process and the effect of laser cutting parameters on composites and thermoplastics. A number of numerical modelling and different optimization approaches employed by various researchers is also reviewed in this article.","PeriodicalId":338631,"journal":{"name":"NUST Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122852762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azoda Hubert Koffi, Esau Abeka Armah, Koffi Ampomah-Benefo, D. Dodoo‐Arhin
Making use of previous results where the series resistance, Rs, and the light-generated current, IL, of a solar cell are determined through the knowledge of the open-circuit voltage, Voc, the short-circuit current, Isc, the voltage and current at the maximum power point, Vmp and Imp, respectively, a simple and analytical step-by-step approach has been developed to determine the shunt resistance, Rsh, the reverse saturation current, Is and the ideality factor, A, of a solar cell. Making use of these results and with the knowledge of the operating temperature, T, this work demonstrates that a single I-V curve is enough to fully solve the transcendental equation governing the behavior of a solar cell in the Single-Diode Model.
{"title":"A Step by Step Analytical Solution to the Single Diode Model of a Solar Cell","authors":"Azoda Hubert Koffi, Esau Abeka Armah, Koffi Ampomah-Benefo, D. Dodoo‐Arhin","doi":"10.24949/njes.v15i2.728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24949/njes.v15i2.728","url":null,"abstract":"Making use of previous results where the series resistance, Rs, and the light-generated current, IL, of a solar cell are determined through the knowledge of the open-circuit voltage, Voc, the short-circuit current, Isc, the voltage and current at the maximum power point, Vmp and Imp, respectively, a simple and analytical step-by-step approach has been developed to determine the shunt resistance, Rsh, the reverse saturation current, Is and the ideality factor, A, of a solar cell. Making use of these results and with the knowledge of the operating temperature, T, this work demonstrates that a single I-V curve is enough to fully solve the transcendental equation governing the behavior of a solar cell in the Single-Diode Model.","PeriodicalId":338631,"journal":{"name":"NUST Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125691353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengistu Gizaw Gawo, Dr. Bisrat Yosef Gebremichael
Petroleum fuels have become a threat to the world because of their toxic emissions. Besides, it is unknown how long they will last. The only known fact is that they are depleting rapidly and will not last long. So the world’s concern about finding environmentally friendly alternative fuels has increased recently. Hence alcohol fuels are found to be the most convenient alternatives to use in internal combustion engines. This research intends to introduce Ethiopian locally produced alcohol as an alternative in the blended form with gasoline to use in spark ignition engines. The traditionally distilled Arekie was purchased from a local producer and purified using fractional distillation. Then five Arekie-gasoline blends were prepared with the proportion of 5,10,15,20, and 25%v/v (A5,A10,A15,A20, and A25, respectively). Also, absolute ethanol was purchased from a local supplier, and ethanol-gasoline blends were prepared with a similar proportion as Arekie-gasoline blends (E5,E10,E15,E20, and E25). Then an experiment was conducted on a single cylinder, 4-stroke, spark-ignition engine running at a constant speed of 2500 rpm and variable loads to investigate the performance and emission characteristics. Results showed that the performance and emission parameters are significantly improved as the ratio of Arekie and ethanol in gasoline increases at all loads. Among all tested fuels, E20 exhibited better performance, and E25 Exhibited better emission. A20 provided a slightly lower performance than E20 but much improved compared to pure gasoline. A25 provided comparable emissions with E25 and was much better than pure gasoline. Generally, adding up to 20%v/v Ethiopian Arekie in gasoline could make a better, renewable alternative to spark ignition engines
{"title":"Performance and Emission Characteristics of SI Engine Running With Gasoline, Blends of Ethanol and Blends of Ethiopian Arekie","authors":"Mengistu Gizaw Gawo, Dr. Bisrat Yosef Gebremichael","doi":"10.24949/njes.v15i2.713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24949/njes.v15i2.713","url":null,"abstract":"Petroleum fuels have become a threat to the world because of their toxic emissions. Besides, it is unknown how long they will last. The only known fact is that they are depleting rapidly and will not last long. So the world’s concern about finding environmentally friendly alternative fuels has increased recently. Hence alcohol fuels are found to be the most convenient alternatives to use in internal combustion engines. This research intends to introduce Ethiopian locally produced alcohol as an alternative in the blended form with gasoline to use in spark ignition engines. The traditionally distilled Arekie was purchased from a local producer and purified using fractional distillation. Then five Arekie-gasoline blends were prepared with the proportion of 5,10,15,20, and 25%v/v (A5,A10,A15,A20, and A25, respectively). Also, absolute ethanol was purchased from a local supplier, and ethanol-gasoline blends were prepared with a similar proportion as Arekie-gasoline blends (E5,E10,E15,E20, and E25). Then an experiment was conducted on a single cylinder, 4-stroke, spark-ignition engine running at a constant speed of 2500 rpm and variable loads to investigate the performance and emission characteristics. Results showed that the performance and emission parameters are significantly improved as the ratio of Arekie and ethanol in gasoline increases at all loads. Among all tested fuels, E20 exhibited better performance, and E25 Exhibited better emission. A20 provided a slightly lower performance than E20 but much improved compared to pure gasoline. A25 provided comparable emissions with E25 and was much better than pure gasoline. Generally, adding up to 20%v/v Ethiopian Arekie in gasoline could make a better, renewable alternative to spark ignition engines","PeriodicalId":338631,"journal":{"name":"NUST Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122771880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Ahmad, M. Raza, M. Aslam, Ali Sameer Mohsin, I. Sherazi, Abqaat Naseer, Muhammad Ali, C.A. Shahed, A. Raza
In this era, parts complexity, dimensional accuracy, and cost-effectiveness are one of thebasic requirements of the modern industry. Most of the conventional manufacturingtechniques have failed to fulfill the industry’s needs. Powder injection molding (PIM) startedin the early 70s, which is a combination of powder metallurgy and plastic injection moldingthat fulfills the gaps in conventional manufacturing techniques. In Malaysia, PIM wasintroduced by SIRIM Sdn Bhd Malaysia in late 2000. The latter few universities startedworking on PIM. Among all universities, the Advanced Functional Materials Research(AFM) group at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP) started to work in 2008 under thedirection of Prof. F. Ahmad and was decided to target various industries and their latestrequirements. The work completed during the past 11 years has been published in varioushigh-quality international journals, secure intellectual property (IP), i.e., trademarks, patents,a pre-commercialization grant from the government, one commercialization agreement, andsigned a technology licensing agreement. They also worked on carbon Nanotube reinforcedcopper nanocomposite for thermal management and secured two patents. This project wascommercialized for heat sink materials for LED Lights. The group is also working oncontrolling the orientation of fibers in the metal matrix to enhance thermal conductivity.Moreover, grafting graphene on metal oxide for its potential use as a radiation shieldingmaterial is one of the noble works. Currently, the group is working on the fabrication of softmagnetic material with enhanced permeability for potential use in hearing Aids, electricmotors, and several other applications. Besides, bio-medical parts like a dental screw, biomedical material of 316L SS reinforced by nano Titanium and additive manufacturing byusing ultra-fused BASF 316L SS parts made through FDM represent the scope of works inPIM.
在这个时代，零件的复杂性、尺寸精度和成本效益是现代工业的基本要求之一。大多数传统的制造技术已不能满足工业的需要。粉末注射成型(PIM)始于70年代初，它是粉末冶金和塑料注射成型的结合，填补了传统制造技术的空白。在马来西亚，PIM于2000年底由SIRIM Sdn Bhd Malaysia引入。后几所大学开始研究PIM。在所有大学中，马来西亚国家石油大学(UTP)的先进功能材料研究(AFM)小组于2008年在F. Ahmad教授的指导下开始工作，并决定针对各个行业及其最新需求。过去11年完成的研究成果已在多份高质量的国际期刊上发表，获得了知识产权(即商标、专利)，获得了政府的预商业化资助，签订了一份商业化协议，并签署了一份技术许可协议。他们还研究了用于热管理的碳纳米管增强铜纳米复合材料，并获得了两项专利。该项目用于LED灯散热材料的商业化。该小组还致力于控制金属基体中纤维的方向，以提高导热性。此外，在金属氧化物上接枝石墨烯作为潜在的辐射屏蔽材料是崇高的工作之一。目前，该小组正致力于制造具有增强磁导率的软磁材料，用于助听器、电动机和其他几种应用。此外，牙科螺钉等生物医学零件、纳米钛增强316L SS生物医学材料、FDM超熔巴斯夫316L SS零件增材制造等都是pim的工作范围。
{"title":"Research Progress on Powder Injection Molding in Malaysia-A Review","authors":"F. Ahmad, M. Raza, M. Aslam, Ali Sameer Mohsin, I. Sherazi, Abqaat Naseer, Muhammad Ali, C.A. Shahed, A. Raza","doi":"10.24949/njes.v15i2.720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24949/njes.v15i2.720","url":null,"abstract":"In this era, parts complexity, dimensional accuracy, and cost-effectiveness are one of thebasic requirements of the modern industry. Most of the conventional manufacturingtechniques have failed to fulfill the industry’s needs. Powder injection molding (PIM) startedin the early 70s, which is a combination of powder metallurgy and plastic injection moldingthat fulfills the gaps in conventional manufacturing techniques. In Malaysia, PIM wasintroduced by SIRIM Sdn Bhd Malaysia in late 2000. The latter few universities startedworking on PIM. Among all universities, the Advanced Functional Materials Research(AFM) group at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP) started to work in 2008 under thedirection of Prof. F. Ahmad and was decided to target various industries and their latestrequirements. The work completed during the past 11 years has been published in varioushigh-quality international journals, secure intellectual property (IP), i.e., trademarks, patents,a pre-commercialization grant from the government, one commercialization agreement, andsigned a technology licensing agreement. They also worked on carbon Nanotube reinforcedcopper nanocomposite for thermal management and secured two patents. This project wascommercialized for heat sink materials for LED Lights. The group is also working oncontrolling the orientation of fibers in the metal matrix to enhance thermal conductivity.Moreover, grafting graphene on metal oxide for its potential use as a radiation shieldingmaterial is one of the noble works. Currently, the group is working on the fabrication of softmagnetic material with enhanced permeability for potential use in hearing Aids, electricmotors, and several other applications. Besides, bio-medical parts like a dental screw, biomedical material of 316L SS reinforced by nano Titanium and additive manufacturing byusing ultra-fused BASF 316L SS parts made through FDM represent the scope of works inPIM.","PeriodicalId":338631,"journal":{"name":"NUST Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125277746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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