Erythrina Erythrina, Gagad Restu Pratiwi, Nurwulan Agustiani, Arinal Haq Izzawati Nurrahma
Organic rice cultivation is one of the technologies developed in Indonesia around two decades ago, but it is not growing as expected. Indeed, organic rice production is considered less effective than conventional farming. This review article explores the role of agronomic factors in organic rice cultivation related to organic nutrient availability and plant spacing. The proposed alternative solutions for using organic inputs to improve soil fertility and increase crop yields are also discussed. The effectiveness of organic fertilizers to chemical fertilizers based on the Rice Agro-advisory Service shows that organic rice has lower yields than conventional farming. The yield reduction ranges between 0.5 and 2.2 t ha−1 or around 9 to 43%, depending on organic amendments and site characteristics. It is also proven that applying high-nitrogen nutrients from organic fertilizers does not increase rice production. Application of nitrogen fertilizers in the right amount and at the correct plant stage is more essential because it affects the yield component of rice plants. Narrower plant spacing in transplanted organic rice results in higher productivity. An increase in plant population higher than 25 hills m−2 no longer significantly increases rice yields. Among the agronomic factors that affect organic rice cultivation are the diversity of organic amendment in nutrient mineralization, especially nitrogen, according to plant needs, and narrow plant spacing that allows lesser weeds to grow among crop plants. These two agronomic factors need to be considered and applied by farmers to get the optimum growth and yield of organic rice cultivation.
{"title":"Nitrogen Fertilizers and Plant Spacing in Organic Rice Cultivation: A Review","authors":"Erythrina Erythrina, Gagad Restu Pratiwi, Nurwulan Agustiani, Arinal Haq Izzawati Nurrahma","doi":"10.55043/jaast.v7i3.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55043/jaast.v7i3.143","url":null,"abstract":"Organic rice cultivation is one of the technologies developed in Indonesia around two decades ago, but it is not growing as expected. Indeed, organic rice production is considered less effective than conventional farming. This review article explores the role of agronomic factors in organic rice cultivation related to organic nutrient availability and plant spacing. The proposed alternative solutions for using organic inputs to improve soil fertility and increase crop yields are also discussed. The effectiveness of organic fertilizers to chemical fertilizers based on the Rice Agro-advisory Service shows that organic rice has lower yields than conventional farming. The yield reduction ranges between 0.5 and 2.2 t ha−1 or around 9 to 43%, depending on organic amendments and site characteristics. It is also proven that applying high-nitrogen nutrients from organic fertilizers does not increase rice production. Application of nitrogen fertilizers in the right amount and at the correct plant stage is more essential because it affects the yield component of rice plants. Narrower plant spacing in transplanted organic rice results in higher productivity. An increase in plant population higher than 25 hills m−2 no longer significantly increases rice yields. Among the agronomic factors that affect organic rice cultivation are the diversity of organic amendment in nutrient mineralization, especially nitrogen, according to plant needs, and narrow plant spacing that allows lesser weeds to grow among crop plants. These two agronomic factors need to be considered and applied by farmers to get the optimum growth and yield of organic rice cultivation.","PeriodicalId":33922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134931402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ulka Sri Asih, Yaherwandi Yaherwandi, Siska Efendi
Forest conversion to oil palm plantations forms a unique agroecosystem. Forests known as a source of biodiversity are bordered by oil palm plantations with low diversity. The location of the oil palm plantation, which is directly adjacent to the forest, is thought to affect the diversity of spiders found in the agroecosystem. This study aimed to determine the effect of the distance between oil palm plantations and forests on spider diversity. The research was conducted at oil palm production centers in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia, namely Dharmasraya Regency, Pulau Punjung District, Nagari Gunung Selasih, and Sungai Kambut. In oil palm plantations, 10 sample plots (1 m x 1m) were determined along the transect line, 1 km from the forest's edge. Spiders were collected using the pitfall trap, knockdown, and hand collection methods. The spider diversity was analyzed by applying the diversity and evenness index by Shannon-Wiener. The results showed that the distance of the oil palm plantation from the forest affected the diversity of spiders. The closer the oil palm plantation is to the forest, the higher the diversity of spiders. The results of this study can be one of the considerations for oil palm business actors to maintain forests as conservation areas for organisms that provide various ecosystem services, including spiders as predators of oil palm pests.
森林转化为油棕种植园形成了独特的农业生态系统。森林被认为是生物多样性的来源，与多样性低的油棕种植园接壤。油棕种植园的位置与森林直接相邻，被认为影响了农业生态系统中蜘蛛的多样性。本研究旨在确定油棕人工林与森林之间的距离对蜘蛛多样性的影响。这项研究是在印度尼西亚西苏门答腊省的油棕生产中心进行的，即Dharmasraya Regency、Pulau Punjung区、Nagari Gunung Selasih和Sungai Kambut。在油棕种植园，沿着样线确定了10个样地(1米× 1米)，距离森林边缘1公里。采用诱捕法、击倒法和手捕法采集蜘蛛。采用Shannon-Wiener多样性和均匀度指数对蜘蛛多样性进行了分析。结果表明，油棕人工林与森林的距离影响了蜘蛛的多样性。油棕种植园离森林越近，蜘蛛的多样性就越高。这项研究的结果可以作为油棕商业参与者的一个考虑因素，以维持森林作为提供各种生态系统服务的生物的保护区，包括作为油棕害虫捕食者的蜘蛛。
{"title":"The Influence of Distance Between Oil Palm Plantations and Forest Ecosystems on Spider Diversity","authors":"Ulka Sri Asih, Yaherwandi Yaherwandi, Siska Efendi","doi":"10.55043/jaast.v7i3.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55043/jaast.v7i3.137","url":null,"abstract":"Forest conversion to oil palm plantations forms a unique agroecosystem. Forests known as a source of biodiversity are bordered by oil palm plantations with low diversity. The location of the oil palm plantation, which is directly adjacent to the forest, is thought to affect the diversity of spiders found in the agroecosystem. This study aimed to determine the effect of the distance between oil palm plantations and forests on spider diversity. The research was conducted at oil palm production centers in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia, namely Dharmasraya Regency, Pulau Punjung District, Nagari Gunung Selasih, and Sungai Kambut. In oil palm plantations, 10 sample plots (1 m x 1m) were determined along the transect line, 1 km from the forest's edge. Spiders were collected using the pitfall trap, knockdown, and hand collection methods. The spider diversity was analyzed by applying the diversity and evenness index by Shannon-Wiener. The results showed that the distance of the oil palm plantation from the forest affected the diversity of spiders. The closer the oil palm plantation is to the forest, the higher the diversity of spiders. The results of this study can be one of the considerations for oil palm business actors to maintain forests as conservation areas for organisms that provide various ecosystem services, including spiders as predators of oil palm pests.","PeriodicalId":33922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134931403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lignin reduced the adhesion between the polymeric matrix and natural reinforcement in composite materials by its hydrophobic characteristic. Removal of lignin can be a solution to improve fiber function in composite use. This study aimed to determine the degradation of lignin at different times of pulping. The soda process was conducted at 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 minutes of pulping using heat in a room atmosphere. Yields, lignin content, and lignin spectrum (FT-IR analysis) were measured. The result showed the highest degradation of lignin was in 100 minutes of pulping with 80.34% lignin degradation and 3.57% lignin left in fibers. However, the yield of fibers decreased with increasing pulping time due to lignin removal. 100 minutes of pulping time showed the highest loss of fiber yield. This study showed the best pulping time for kapok fiber is 100 minutes with 3.57 % lignin remaining in the pulp.
{"title":"Lignin Degradation of Kapok Fiber (Ceiba pentandra, L) with Different Times of Pulping","authors":"Fransiska Angelina Rezekinta, Anwar Kasim, Edi Syafri, Irawati Chaniago, Firman Ridwan","doi":"10.55043/jaast.v7i3.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55043/jaast.v7i3.186","url":null,"abstract":"Lignin reduced the adhesion between the polymeric matrix and natural reinforcement in composite materials by its hydrophobic characteristic. Removal of lignin can be a solution to improve fiber function in composite use. This study aimed to determine the degradation of lignin at different times of pulping. The soda process was conducted at 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 minutes of pulping using heat in a room atmosphere. Yields, lignin content, and lignin spectrum (FT-IR analysis) were measured. The result showed the highest degradation of lignin was in 100 minutes of pulping with 80.34% lignin degradation and 3.57% lignin left in fibers. However, the yield of fibers decreased with increasing pulping time due to lignin removal. 100 minutes of pulping time showed the highest loss of fiber yield. This study showed the best pulping time for kapok fiber is 100 minutes with 3.57 % lignin remaining in the pulp.","PeriodicalId":33922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134931239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rubber seeds from the Musi Rawas region in South Sumatra have great potential for rubber seed plantations. However, their utilization has not been maximized and they are often treated as plantation waste. This research aims to obtain the characteristics of rubber seeds as raw materials for biofuel production, so that the rubber seeds from the South Sumatra region can be utilized by the community and not just considered as plantation waste. In the first treatment, the rubber seeds are crushed to obtain the seed coat and the kernel. The crushed rubber seed shells are finely ground and sieved, while the kernel is pressed to extract vegetable oil using a pressing tool. The test methods used to determine the characteristics of the rubber seed shells include proximate analysis and calorific value, while GC-MS analysis is employed for the rubber seed oil. The proximate analysis of the rubber seed shell (RSS) yielded the following results: moisture content of 15.97 wt%, volatile matter of 47.43 wt%, fixed carbon of 32.45 wt%, and ash content of 4.15 wt%. The calorific value of the rubber seed shell was found to be 3312.8694 calories per gram. For the GC-MS yield of the rubber seed oil, the composition is as follows: palmitic acid 7.32%, linoleic acid 34.69%, oleic acid 45.35%, and pentadecanoic acid 8.86%. Based on the obtained results, rubber seeds show promising potential as raw materials for biofuel production through the pyrolysis process.
{"title":"Characterization of Rubber Seed (Hevea Brasiliensis) as Raw Material for The Production of Biofuel","authors":"Ayuni Lestari, Muhammad Yerizam, Abu Hasan","doi":"10.55043/jaast.v7i3.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55043/jaast.v7i3.140","url":null,"abstract":"Rubber seeds from the Musi Rawas region in South Sumatra have great potential for rubber seed plantations. However, their utilization has not been maximized and they are often treated as plantation waste. This research aims to obtain the characteristics of rubber seeds as raw materials for biofuel production, so that the rubber seeds from the South Sumatra region can be utilized by the community and not just considered as plantation waste. In the first treatment, the rubber seeds are crushed to obtain the seed coat and the kernel. The crushed rubber seed shells are finely ground and sieved, while the kernel is pressed to extract vegetable oil using a pressing tool. The test methods used to determine the characteristics of the rubber seed shells include proximate analysis and calorific value, while GC-MS analysis is employed for the rubber seed oil. The proximate analysis of the rubber seed shell (RSS) yielded the following results: moisture content of 15.97 wt%, volatile matter of 47.43 wt%, fixed carbon of 32.45 wt%, and ash content of 4.15 wt%. The calorific value of the rubber seed shell was found to be 3312.8694 calories per gram. For the GC-MS yield of the rubber seed oil, the composition is as follows: palmitic acid 7.32%, linoleic acid 34.69%, oleic acid 45.35%, and pentadecanoic acid 8.86%. Based on the obtained results, rubber seeds show promising potential as raw materials for biofuel production through the pyrolysis process.","PeriodicalId":33922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134931404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In principle, shallot can adapt to all altitudes. But in West Sumatera, it is generally cultivated in the highland. The problem is the area in the highland is very limited while the area in lowland land is dominated by Ultisol soils. The type of soil in Agricultural Faculty experimental field at Andalas University is Ultisol (250 asl) but the chemical properties slightly change, such as nitrogen, phosphor and potassium higher than usual otherwise SO42- and Ca-dd is still very low. This study aimed to obtain the best organic fertilizer and ZA fertilizer on the growth, yield and quality of shallot bulb on recovered Ultisols. The research was a-two factorial experiment with 3 replications in Completely Randomized Design. The first factor is the application of various types of organic fertilizer, which include three levels which are guano, chicken manure, and oil palm empty bunches (OPEB). The second factor is ZA fertilizer dosage (0, 100, and 200 kg/ha). Data were analyzed using the F test with a 5% level, and if there were significant differences, the analysis continued with the Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at a 5% level. The result showed that the development of shallots on recovered Ultisols brings hope. The yield of chicken manure and guano are higher than oil palm empty bunches and in accordance with the description of Bima Brebes varieties around 9 t/ha. Even guano could produce dry bulbs around10,54 t/ha without giving ZA. Moreover, guano fertilizer gave the best Sulphur content on every dose of ZA.
{"title":"Ammonium Sulphate (ZA) and Organic Fertilizer to Improve Yield and Quality of Shallot Bulb (Allium ascalonicum L.) on Recovered Ultisols","authors":"Nilla Kristina, Elara Resigia, Netti Herawati","doi":"10.55043/jaast.v7i3.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55043/jaast.v7i3.150","url":null,"abstract":"In principle, shallot can adapt to all altitudes. But in West Sumatera, it is generally cultivated in the highland. The problem is the area in the highland is very limited while the area in lowland land is dominated by Ultisol soils. The type of soil in Agricultural Faculty experimental field at Andalas University is Ultisol (250 asl) but the chemical properties slightly change, such as nitrogen, phosphor and potassium higher than usual otherwise SO42- and Ca-dd is still very low. This study aimed to obtain the best organic fertilizer and ZA fertilizer on the growth, yield and quality of shallot bulb on recovered Ultisols. The research was a-two factorial experiment with 3 replications in Completely Randomized Design. The first factor is the application of various types of organic fertilizer, which include three levels which are guano, chicken manure, and oil palm empty bunches (OPEB). The second factor is ZA fertilizer dosage (0, 100, and 200 kg/ha). Data were analyzed using the F test with a 5% level, and if there were significant differences, the analysis continued with the Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at a 5% level. The result showed that the development of shallots on recovered Ultisols brings hope. The yield of chicken manure and guano are higher than oil palm empty bunches and in accordance with the description of Bima Brebes varieties around 9 t/ha. Even guano could produce dry bulbs around10,54 t/ha without giving ZA. Moreover, guano fertilizer gave the best Sulphur content on every dose of ZA.","PeriodicalId":33922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134931405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sari Widya Utami, Artdhita Fajar Pratiwi, Galih Mustiko Aji
Artificial light in indoor plant production is still a challenge related to the amount of electrical energy used, such as in the Pakcoy plant. The Pakcoy plant has nutritional and economic value and is usually used as a research indicator plant. This study aimed to determine the effect of artificial light irradiation on the growth and yield of Pakcoy plants. The research was conducted in a plant factory in an indoor hydroponic system, with LED light of 100 umol/m2/s as a light source for the growth of Pakcoy plants. The artificial light irradiation length treatment consisted of 4 levels, namely 12 hours/day, 16 hours/day, 20 hours/day, and 24 hours/day. The most significant growth, yield, and content of vitamin C in Pakcoy plants were obtained in maximum artificial light exposure for 24 hours/day, and the highest protein content was obtained in the long irradiation treatment for 16 hours/day.
{"title":"Growth and Yield Production of Pakcoy as Influenced by Artificial Light Irradiation","authors":"Sari Widya Utami, Artdhita Fajar Pratiwi, Galih Mustiko Aji","doi":"10.55043/jaast.v7i3.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55043/jaast.v7i3.126","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial light in indoor plant production is still a challenge related to the amount of electrical energy used, such as in the Pakcoy plant. The Pakcoy plant has nutritional and economic value and is usually used as a research indicator plant. This study aimed to determine the effect of artificial light irradiation on the growth and yield of Pakcoy plants. The research was conducted in a plant factory in an indoor hydroponic system, with LED light of 100 umol/m2/s as a light source for the growth of Pakcoy plants. The artificial light irradiation length treatment consisted of 4 levels, namely 12 hours/day, 16 hours/day, 20 hours/day, and 24 hours/day. The most significant growth, yield, and content of vitamin C in Pakcoy plants were obtained in maximum artificial light exposure for 24 hours/day, and the highest protein content was obtained in the long irradiation treatment for 16 hours/day.","PeriodicalId":33922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134931241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Damris Muhammad, Ngatijo Ngatijo, Ira Galih Prabasari, Bunga Mardhotillah
The domestic agricultural sector contributes 18% to the national greenhouse gas emissions (GHG); which is higher compared to its global counterpart. Biochar incorporation into the soils shows the potential to reduce soil GHG emissions. The objective of this study was to ascertain how biochar addition affects CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions from the soils of stallholder palm oil plants. Coffee hash was pyrolyzed at 5000C to prepare biochar, which was then ground to pass a 100-mesh sieve. Three plots (50m x 50 m) consisting of 27 subplots (1 m x 1 m) were used as the experimental design in the field. Biochar was incorporated into the soil subplots of 0, 10, and 20-ton biochar/ha. A static chamber was installed on the soil surface to collect gas generated from the soil on days 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60. All gas collection was conducted at 30 min after the chamber lid installation. The soil CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions of control soils ranged from 712 to 862, 7.28 to 9.46, and -0.0036 to 0.0014 kg/d/ha, respectively. The incorporation of 10 and 20-ton biochar per hectare decreased the emissions of CO2 and N2O up to 16.8% and 33.8%, respectively; whereas an uptake was observed for the CH4 gas. The CO2 and N2O emissions from the 10-ton/ha and 20-ton/ha biochar-incorporated soils differ significantly compared to the control soils, but the CH4 emissions do not. This result shows that biochar incorporation to the oil palm soils reduces the CO2 and N2O emissions, but not CH4 emissions.
国内农业部门占全国温室气体排放(GHG)的18%;与全球同类产品相比，这一比例更高。将生物炭掺入土壤显示出减少土壤温室气体排放的潜力。本研究的目的是确定添加生物炭如何影响摊贩棕榈油植物土壤中的CO2、N2O和CH4排放。咖啡散在5000C下进行热解，以制备生物炭，然后将其磨碎，通过100目筛。田间试验设计采用3个样地(50 × 50m)，共27个子样地(1 × 1 m)。在0、10和20吨生物炭/公顷的土壤样地中掺入生物炭。在土壤表面安装静室，收集第0、5、10、20、40、60天土壤产生的气体。所有气体收集在室盖安装后30分钟进行。对照土壤CO2、N2O和CH4排放量分别为712 ~ 862、7.28 ~ 9.46和-0.0036 ~ 0.0014 kg/d/ha。每公顷添加10和20吨生物炭可使CO2和N2O的排放量分别减少16.8%和33.8%;而对CH4气体的吸收被观察到。10 t /ha和20 t /ha生物炭土壤的CO2和N2O排放量与对照土壤相比差异显著，但CH4排放量无显著差异。结果表明，在油棕土壤中掺入生物炭可减少CO2和N2O的排放，但不能减少CH4的排放。
{"title":"The Effects of Biochar Incorporation on the CO2, N2O, and CH4 Emissions from the Soils of Stallholder Palm Oil Plantations, Jambi Province Indonesia","authors":"Damris Muhammad, Ngatijo Ngatijo, Ira Galih Prabasari, Bunga Mardhotillah","doi":"10.55043/jaast.v7i3.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55043/jaast.v7i3.155","url":null,"abstract":"The domestic agricultural sector contributes 18% to the national greenhouse gas emissions (GHG); which is higher compared to its global counterpart. Biochar incorporation into the soils shows the potential to reduce soil GHG emissions. The objective of this study was to ascertain how biochar addition affects CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions from the soils of stallholder palm oil plants. Coffee hash was pyrolyzed at 5000C to prepare biochar, which was then ground to pass a 100-mesh sieve. Three plots (50m x 50 m) consisting of 27 subplots (1 m x 1 m) were used as the experimental design in the field. Biochar was incorporated into the soil subplots of 0, 10, and 20-ton biochar/ha. A static chamber was installed on the soil surface to collect gas generated from the soil on days 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60. All gas collection was conducted at 30 min after the chamber lid installation. The soil CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions of control soils ranged from 712 to 862, 7.28 to 9.46, and -0.0036 to 0.0014 kg/d/ha, respectively. The incorporation of 10 and 20-ton biochar per hectare decreased the emissions of CO2 and N2O up to 16.8% and 33.8%, respectively; whereas an uptake was observed for the CH4 gas. The CO2 and N2O emissions from the 10-ton/ha and 20-ton/ha biochar-incorporated soils differ significantly compared to the control soils, but the CH4 emissions do not. This result shows that biochar incorporation to the oil palm soils reduces the CO2 and N2O emissions, but not CH4 emissions.","PeriodicalId":33922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134931238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Arif Darmawan, Akhmad Fatah Hidayat, Adib Aditya Permadi, Hendri Wibowo, Reo Sambodo, A.H. Syaeful Anwar, Joko Maryanto, M. Nazarudin Budiono, Renan Subantoro, Eni Yulianingsih, Ika Ferry Yunianti
Septic tank waste can be used as a new alternative to be used as fertilizer because human excrement contains the availability of nutrients needed by plants. The research aimed to know the effect of liquid organic fertilizers dose, and plant media type of both to increase the growth and the production of plant spinach. The experimental design used was Block Randomized Design factorial with 9 treatments and 3 replicates. The first factor consists of 3 doses of fermented septic tank waste of human feces. Namely doses of 0 mL/plant (K1), 0,4 mL/plant (K2), 0,6 mL/plant (K3). The second factor is the planting medium consisting of 3 kinds of land or control (M0), land + husk charcoal (M1), land + Manure (M2). The observed variables include the number of leaves, plant height, root length, fresh weight of plant, root fresh weight, dry weight, root dry weight of the plant. The results showed that the fermented septic tank waste 0,6 mL (K3) influential real against the number of leaves. Granting planting media differ very markedly against all variable observations i.e. high number of plants, leaves, root length, fresh weight of plant, root fresh weight, dry weight, root dry weight of the plant. All variables are not found the existence of an interaction between fermented septic tank waste with the media.
化粪池废物可以作为一种新的肥料替代品，因为人类粪便中含有植物所需的营养物质。本研究旨在了解液体有机肥用量和种植介质类型对植物菠菜生长和产量的影响。试验设计采用分组随机设计，9个处理，3个重复。第一个因素包括3剂发酵的化粪池废物的人类粪便。即剂量为0 mL/株(K1)， 0.4 mL/株(K2)， 0.6 mL/株(K3)。第二个因子是由3种土地或对照物(M0)、土地+谷壳炭(M1)、土地+粪肥(M2)组成的种植介质。观察到的变量包括叶片数、株高、根长、植株鲜重、根系鲜重、干重、根系干重。结果表明，发酵后的化粪池废液0.6 mL (K3)对叶片数量影响较大。根据所有可变的观察结果，即植物数量、叶片、根长、植物鲜重、根鲜重、干重、植物根干重，授予种植介质的差异非常明显。所有变量都没有发现发酵化粪池废物与培养基之间存在相互作用。
{"title":"Utilization of Septic Tank Waste to Enhancement the Growth of Spinach in Various Media","authors":"Ahmad Arif Darmawan, Akhmad Fatah Hidayat, Adib Aditya Permadi, Hendri Wibowo, Reo Sambodo, A.H. Syaeful Anwar, Joko Maryanto, M. Nazarudin Budiono, Renan Subantoro, Eni Yulianingsih, Ika Ferry Yunianti","doi":"10.55043/jaast.v7i3.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55043/jaast.v7i3.134","url":null,"abstract":"Septic tank waste can be used as a new alternative to be used as fertilizer because human excrement contains the availability of nutrients needed by plants. The research aimed to know the effect of liquid organic fertilizers dose, and plant media type of both to increase the growth and the production of plant spinach. The experimental design used was Block Randomized Design factorial with 9 treatments and 3 replicates. The first factor consists of 3 doses of fermented septic tank waste of human feces. Namely doses of 0 mL/plant (K1), 0,4 mL/plant (K2), 0,6 mL/plant (K3). The second factor is the planting medium consisting of 3 kinds of land or control (M0), land + husk charcoal (M1), land + Manure (M2). The observed variables include the number of leaves, plant height, root length, fresh weight of plant, root fresh weight, dry weight, root dry weight of the plant. The results showed that the fermented septic tank waste 0,6 mL (K3) influential real against the number of leaves. Granting planting media differ very markedly against all variable observations i.e. high number of plants, leaves, root length, fresh weight of plant, root fresh weight, dry weight, root dry weight of the plant. All variables are not found the existence of an interaction between fermented septic tank waste with the media.","PeriodicalId":33922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134931406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changing the ingredients also can change the properties of the bread. In this study, bread was made using rice flour and sourdough. Sourdough with Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and yeast can also be added with pineapple starter to help microbiota growth. The study aimed to determine the amount of microbiota produced from sourdough with pineapple addition and its effect on the texture of rice flour bread. Pineapples with water and sugar were fermented to make pineapple starter. Pineapple starter is then used in sourdough making and fermented around 3-6 days. The mature sourdough was used in bread making. The addition of pineapple, in the form of a starter, made the pineapple sourdough (PS) have lower pH and higher titratable acidity (TA), total Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), and total yeast than sourdough without the addition of pineapple starter or wheat sourdough (WS). The pH and TA of PS at the peak were 3.25 and 2.67 mL of NaOH. The total LAB of PS at the peak was 9.27 Log CFU/g, and the total yeast was 9.30 Log CFU/g. PS reached its peak on the third day, while wheat sourdough (WS) reached it on the sixth day. The pineapple sourdough bread (PSB) had the lowest specific volume, and the highest texture properties compared to control bread (CB) and wheat sourdough bread (WSB), but there is no significance different. The addition of pineapple starter can fasten the fermentation time of sourdough and made the bread less brittle than CB.
改变食材也会改变面包的特性。在这项研究中，面包是用米粉和酵母制作的。含有乳酸菌(LAB)和酵母的酵母也可以添加菠萝发酵剂，以帮助微生物群生长。本研究旨在确定添加菠萝的酵母产生的微生物数量及其对米粉面包质地的影响。将菠萝与水和糖一起发酵制成菠萝开胃菜。然后用菠萝发酵剂制作酸面团，发酵3-6天左右。成熟的酵母被用于制作面包。以发酵剂的形式添加菠萝，使菠萝酵母的pH值较低，可滴定酸度(TA)、总乳酸菌(LAB)和总酵母菌(WS)均高于未添加菠萝发酵剂或小麦酵母(WS)。PS的峰值pH和TA分别为3.25和2.67 mL NaOH。峰值时PS总LAB为9.27 Log CFU/g，酵母总LAB为9.30 Log CFU/g。PS在第3天达到峰值，而小麦酵母(WS)在第6天达到峰值。与对照面包(CB)和小麦酵母面包(WSB)相比，菠萝酵母面包(PSB)的比体积最低，质构性能最高，但差异不显著。菠萝发酵剂的加入可以缩短酵母的发酵时间，使面包的脆度比酵母低。
{"title":"Microbiota Properties and Texture of Rice Flour Bread with Pineapple Starter","authors":"Icca Ratna Danila, Rini Yanti, Dian Anggraini Suroto","doi":"10.55043/jaast.v7i3.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55043/jaast.v7i3.130","url":null,"abstract":"Changing the ingredients also can change the properties of the bread. In this study, bread was made using rice flour and sourdough. Sourdough with Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and yeast can also be added with pineapple starter to help microbiota growth. The study aimed to determine the amount of microbiota produced from sourdough with pineapple addition and its effect on the texture of rice flour bread. Pineapples with water and sugar were fermented to make pineapple starter. Pineapple starter is then used in sourdough making and fermented around 3-6 days. The mature sourdough was used in bread making. The addition of pineapple, in the form of a starter, made the pineapple sourdough (PS) have lower pH and higher titratable acidity (TA), total Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), and total yeast than sourdough without the addition of pineapple starter or wheat sourdough (WS). The pH and TA of PS at the peak were 3.25 and 2.67 mL of NaOH. The total LAB of PS at the peak was 9.27 Log CFU/g, and the total yeast was 9.30 Log CFU/g. PS reached its peak on the third day, while wheat sourdough (WS) reached it on the sixth day. The pineapple sourdough bread (PSB) had the lowest specific volume, and the highest texture properties compared to control bread (CB) and wheat sourdough bread (WSB), but there is no significance different. The addition of pineapple starter can fasten the fermentation time of sourdough and made the bread less brittle than CB.","PeriodicalId":33922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134931243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Le Huu Phuoc, Irfan Suliansyah, Feri Arlius, Irawati Chaniago, Nguyen Thi Thanh Xuan, Pham Van Quang
Modeling science has been applied by many advanced countries in many fields, such as geology, meteorology, climate change, crop productivity, environment, erosion, and landslide. The crop model simulates the processes of agriculture. The writing of this article is descriptive qualitative using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. So far, each model has its advantages and disadvantages but generally is based on the physiology of the growth and development of crops in relationship with soil, climate, solar radiation energy, and limiting factors to plant growth. There have been many models for rice that can forecast yield and biomass or predict future climate change dynamics. Meanwhile, many models such as DSSAT, AquaCrop, Oryza, APSIM, EPIC need more data to operate their modeling, which in many cases, data is not readily available. In this review, we would like to introduce the model “SIMPLE” which includes only thirteen parameters and four of which describe cultivar characteristics. Another advantage of “SIMPLE” is that it can be adapted for many crop species and added variable modules such as nutrient dynamics, water stress, temperature stress, or pests. It is entirely open source based on R programming, but limitations still exist that have been mentioned in the review.
{"title":"Literature Review Crop Modeling and Introduction a Simple Crop Model","authors":"Le Huu Phuoc, Irfan Suliansyah, Feri Arlius, Irawati Chaniago, Nguyen Thi Thanh Xuan, Pham Van Quang","doi":"10.55043/jaast.v7i3.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55043/jaast.v7i3.123","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling science has been applied by many advanced countries in many fields, such as geology, meteorology, climate change, crop productivity, environment, erosion, and landslide. The crop model simulates the processes of agriculture. The writing of this article is descriptive qualitative using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. So far, each model has its advantages and disadvantages but generally is based on the physiology of the growth and development of crops in relationship with soil, climate, solar radiation energy, and limiting factors to plant growth. There have been many models for rice that can forecast yield and biomass or predict future climate change dynamics. Meanwhile, many models such as DSSAT, AquaCrop, Oryza, APSIM, EPIC need more data to operate their modeling, which in many cases, data is not readily available. In this review, we would like to introduce the model “SIMPLE” which includes only thirteen parameters and four of which describe cultivar characteristics. Another advantage of “SIMPLE” is that it can be adapted for many crop species and added variable modules such as nutrient dynamics, water stress, temperature stress, or pests. It is entirely open source based on R programming, but limitations still exist that have been mentioned in the review.","PeriodicalId":33922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"2019 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134931240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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